KR100721238B1 - Dual-polarized dipole array antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

According to the present invention, the antenna feeds 33 and 35 for the two orthogonal parallel dipoles 113 and 115 of the square dipoles 3 and 5 have the feed cable 27 fed to the feed points 33 of the dipoles 13 "and 15". And a connecting cable 37 is installed starting from the feed point 33 to the feed point 35 of each orthogonal parallel dipole 13 ′, 15 ′ of the square dipoles 3, 5. In an improved antenna having an electrical connection to the dipoles 1/2 (13 ', 15') of the square dipoles (3, 5).

Description

Dual polarized dipole array antenna {DUAL-POLARIZED DIPOLE ARRAY ANTENNA}

The present invention relates to a dual polarized dipole array antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.

As indicated in DE 198 23 749 A1 (also see US Pat. No. 6,333,720, entitled “Dual-Polarized Multi-Range Antenna”), dual polarized dipole array antennas are known, which are used worldwide for mobile wireless networks. It is especially suitable for GSM900 or GSM1800 networks for transmission in the 900MH _Z or 1.800MHz bands.

Known dual polarized antennas use a ± 45 ° polarization direction. The antenna includes a number of square dipole squares in the common antenna housing in front of the reflector. Many such square dipoles are typically arranged in the vertical direction for transmission at one frequency. Additional other square dipoles are provided for transmission in other frequency bands. For example, different dipoles may be arranged between two such square dipoles arranged vertically above one another.

The horizontal half-power beam width of the commonly used antenna is 65 °. In order to make the antenna as compact as possible, two single dipoles are often connected together in the same phase to obtain a 65 ° 1/2 power beam width for each polarization. The dipole is oriented at + 45 ° or -45 °. The result is a so-called square dipole.

The two horizontal radiation patterns, + 45 ° and -45 ° polarization, should be oriented to match where possible. Any deviation is referred to as tracking.

In order to obtain a narrower vertical 1/2 power beam width and increase antenna gain, multiple square dipoles are often connected together in the vertical direction. When this is done in phase, the two antennas polarized at + 45 ° and -45 ° do not have electrical depression. With antennas of such dimensioned dimensions, there is no tracking or only minimal tracking. The cross polarization component of the radiation pattern is also minimal.

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Nowadays, what is important for mobile communication is mainly ± 60 ° sectors. In recent years, the great success of mobile communications has made mobile networks much denser. Existing frequencies must be used more economically at closer and closer distances. If coverage is too dense, interference occurs. Improvements can be achieved by using an antenna with a larger electrical depression, for example a depression angle of up to 15 °. However, this means that as the angle of depression increases, the horizontal pattern drifts the two horizontal patterns of the dual polarized antenna, that is, the + 45 ° polarized horizontal pattern drifts in the positive direction and the -45 ° polarized horizontal pattern is negative. Has undesirable side effects that drift in the direction of. This results in significant tracking due to the large depression angle. This tracking is also frequency dependent. Likewise, the cross polarization component of the radiation pattern follows a horizontal pattern that results in a significant deterioration of the polarization diversity characteristic in the ± 60 ° sector.

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Additional advantages and details of the exemplary and non-limiting embodiments can be found in the examples described herein as shown in the figures.

1 illustrates an exemplary dual polarized dipole antenna embodiment including but not limited to multiple square dipoles.

2 is a side view of an exemplary square dipole in the direction of arrow A of FIG. 1 with a cable according to the prior art;

3 is a top view of the square dipole of FIG. 2 according to the prior art;

4 is a side view of an exemplary square dipole along the direction of arrow A provided by an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment of the present technology.

5 is a top view of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 shows illustratively, but not limited to, an embodiment of eight square dipoles arranged vertically above one another, rotated at 45 ° tilt and having differently positioned feed points.

FIG. 7 shows a somewhat modified additional exemplary embodiment having six square dipoles with feed points arranged differently over the other one;

Therefore, it is desirable to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and provide an improved dual polarized antenna.
Using relatively simple means in a typical dual polarized dipole antenna, even with relatively large depressions, it is possible to achieve a horizontal pattern that is not drift apart or at least clearly reduces drift spacing. On the other hand, a solution according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment also offers the possibility to achieve specific tracking if necessary, for example in the case of a non-depressed radiation pattern. This improved compensation for tracking over frequency is significant.
Due to the fact that tracking is eliminated or at least minimized according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the cross-polarization component of the radiation pattern is also clearly improved. As a result, the polarization diversity characteristic is also improved
An additional advantage is also that the overall cost of the cable can be reduced compared to conventional antenna installations.

The solution according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment is based on the fact that two opposing parallel dipoles of square dipoles each receiving or radiating with the same polarization are not fed by parallel or balanced cables or separate cables. do. Rather, feed is generated for only one dipole and then a connecting cable is provided from the feed point of one dipole to the feed point of the second parallel dipole opposite.

Due to the feeding according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the orientation of the radiator to +/- 45 ° results in squinting according to the frequency of the square dipole, thus patterning in the horizontal and vertical directions. Drift of is also brought about. It is very remarkable that this results in a wide-band improvement of tracking and additionally reduces cross polarization components without compromising electrical depression. This suggests that the dipole interconnection according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment results in the least desirable narrow-band characteristics of the antenna from the point of view of the prior art, and further moreover, the dependence of the undesired frequency of the deflection angle is expected. do.

) 또는 그의 정수배에 대응한다.In a preferred embodiment of the exemplary embodiment, but not limited to this, the electrical length of the connecting cable is one wavelength (relative to the intermediate frequency to be transmitted).

) Or an integer multiple thereof.

Such antennas typically include not only one square dipole, but also a number of square dipoles arranged generally above one another in the vertical direction of the installation and aligned at an angle of 45 ° to the horizontal. Using current exemplary and non-limiting embodiments, the tracking can now be preset differently depending on the requirement. In an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, this is effected, for example, by feeding from the feed cable only on the same side of the dipole aligned with the corresponding polarization and reaching the connecting dipole in the same way for all dipoles. You can get

However, the change in tracking amount can be implemented by the fact that, for example, the feeding of four square dipoles arranged on top of one another occurs for the left dipole in three square dipoles for a dipole arranged in parallel on another. Can be. For only one square dipole, this only happens for dipoles parallel to the right side in an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment.

For example, for four square dipoles, where feed is only affected by the left dipole in the case of two dipoles, and the other half of the feed is only affected by the right dipole (in each case) Power supply to the second parallel dipole is generated via the connecting cable), different values for tracking are obtained.

The angle and magnitude of the compensation value for the drift-space of the + 45 ° and -45 ° polarized horizontal pattern elements can be correspondingly finely set and compensated. In the case of two dipoles oriented in parallel to each other, different rates are used in which the initial feed occurs and the dipole feeds through the connecting cable from there.

In the field of dual- or cross-polarized antennas, different selections may be made if necessary, and series feeding is used to compensate for the dependence of the frequency-radiation pattern and to compensate for the tracking. This is not known to be very significant.

The solution according to the exemplary and non-limiting embodiments also provides the additional advantage that only one feed cable having a correspondingly large cross section is provided in each case in two dipoles offset by 90 °. do. In each case, from these two dipoles, only one connecting cable with a smaller cable cross-section reaches the opposite dipole of the square dipole. This obviously reduces the overall cable cost.

FIG. 1 shows a top view of an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment of a dual polarized dipole array antenna 1 having a plurality of first square dipoles 3 and a plurality of second square dipoles 5. The first square dipole 1 is used for transmission in the 900 MHz band, for example. The second square dipole 5 of relatively smaller dimensions is tuned for transmission in the 1,800 MHz band, for example. All square dipoles 3 and 5 are oriented with an inclination of 45 ° with respect to the vertical and horizontal, arranged at right distances in front of the reflector plate 9 and along the vertical mounting direction 7 above the other in front of the reflector 9. do.

With regard to the basic construction and operation, reference is made to the previously published prior art according to DE 198 23 749 A1 (US Pat. No. 6,333,720), the content of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety and incorporated herein by reference.

Basically such square dipoles previously known have a structure and feed according to FIGS. 2 and 3 of the present application.

The square dipole comprises in each case two pairs of parallel dipoles 13 and 15 arranged in a square dipole manner, according to the top view of FIG. 4. Both dipole pairs 13 ′ and 13 ″ and two dipole pairs 15 ′ and 15 ″ are vertical and in each case base and anchoring on reflector 9 with outward components in the illustrated embodiment. Transported by a balancing arrangement 113 'and 113 "or 115' and 115" extending from the base and anchoring area 21 to a dipole 1/2 positioned at a distance in front of the reflector 9 And maintained. The first connecting cable 31 (coaxial cable) is typically branched from the feed cable 27 exiting the reflector 9 in the area of the base point or in the anchor area 21 via the hole 23 of the reflector 9. Via point 29, along one support arm of balancer 113, external conductor 31a reaches, for example, feed point 33, which is electrically coupled to support arm 113 ′. . The inner conductor 31b is configured separately from this, and is electrically connected to a connection point or elbow 35 connected to the second dipole 1/2 and extends in the axial length direction over a small distance.

The same coupling connection is made for the opposing dipoles. For simplicity, electrical feeding to two dipole pairs positioned offset by 90 °, not shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, is via a separate second feed cable and two additional separate connecting cables.

In contrast, according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the feed according to FIGS. 4 and 5 is now performed, where the feed cable 27 (coaxial cable) reaches the feed point 33 directly at the dipole. Here, the feed cable 27 is electrically connected again to the feed point 33 '(connected to one dipole 1/2) having its own inner conductor, and the outer conductor 31b is fed to the feed point 33'. Is electrically connected to the other dipole 1/2 at.

From this feed point 33, the connection cable 37 reaches the feed point 35 at the opposite dipole 1/2. In this exemplary and non-limiting arrangement, the inner conductor is again electrically connected to one dipole half via a connection point 35 'and the outer conductor is electrically connected at 35 "at the second dipole half. Connected.

Indeed, the feed cable here consists of one support arm or one support arm of the equilibrium arrangement 113 ′ or 113 ″ (this is for example configured as a waveguide or hollow support) internally through the hole 23. And to feed point 33. At feed point 33, the outer conductor is electrically connected to the dipole 1/2 and the inner conductor is connected to the connection point of the second dipole 1/2. The cable 37 is likewise in the direction of the reflector plate 9 ′ from the feed point 33 at the second support arm 113 ′ or 113 ″ of the corresponding balance arrangement 113 or at one dipole, for example. Is turned back. The cable 37 may for example reach its feed point 35 located at the top in the cavity support arm of the opposing equilibrium arrangement 113 of the opposing dipoles 13 ′. Alternatively, this can be done in a balanced arrangement or other suitable way. 1, 4 and 5 show that each feed cable 27 actually passes through the middle hole 23 along the equilibrium arrangement so that the feed point 33 comes out of the so-called feed point 33, despite its name. The principle of interconnection is shown.

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또는 그 정수배이어야만 한다.In one exemplary embodiment, the connecting cable length is for the frequency region to be transmitted, in particular for the intermediate frequency region.

Or an integer multiple of it.

Correspondingly, in the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 4 and 5, the feed to the dipoles 15 and 115 positioned offset by 90 ° is performed via a separate feed cable or corresponding separate connection cable. Here, the feeding through the separate feeding cable first occurs at one dipole 15 'and the feeding point formed thereon. Then, from there, a separate connecting cable reaches the opposing dipole 15 "and is connected to the corresponding feed point.

FIG. 1 shows, by way of example, that dipole 1/2 (13 ', 15') is fed there at a corresponding feed point 35 via two separate feed cables 27. As shown in FIG. The connecting cable 31 reaches from there to the opposing dipole 13 "or 15", respectively, to the feed point provided there.

Thus, for example, all larger square dipoles 3 of FIG. 1, as well as all smaller square dipoles 5, can be fed in the same way.

For example, in the case of a single square dipole or even more square dipoles arranged vertically on top of one another, it is also possible for one half or any other combination of square dipoles to be fed differently. Thus, for example, for the lowest square dipole 3 of FIG. 1, the feed is via the two separate feed cables the dipole on the right side of the square dipole (ie, the dipole 13 ″ and dipole (at the described feed point). 15 ")). Then, feeding in opposing parallel dipoles is performed in one example arrangement, in each case starting from the first feeding point via two separate connecting cables 31.

Depending on which dipole the first feed occurs, in each case in parallel in a pair, which square dipole is electrically connected by a connecting cable starting from the first dipole, different size tracking It is also obtained.

6 and 7 show two examples of a set of eight square dipoles arranged on top of one another in a 45 ° direction representing different feeds for the left dipole or for the right dipole to obtain very specific values for tracking. The examples are illustrative and not limited. This applies correspondingly to the exemplary embodiment according to Fig. 7, which shows six square dipoles arranged on top of one another in the 45 ° direction. [0038] Feeding for a large number of dual polarized square dipoles is in each case a main feed line ( 27 is implemented starting with the following distributors and taps. The reflector plate of FIG. 1 is not shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 for the sake of simplicity.

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Claims (8)

In a dual polarized dipole array antenna in the form of one or more square dipoles (3, 5), The square dipole or squares (3, 5) are directed to rotate at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the vertical or horizontal. Positioned offset to each other and arranged parallel to the two additional dipoles 15; 15 ', 15 "and rotated by 90 ° with respect to the parallel first dipoles 13; 13', 13" and offset from each other Power supply devices 33, 35 for two first dipoles 13 (13 ′, 13 ″) parallel to the square dipoles 3, 5, wherein the feed line 27 has a dipole 13 ″, 15 ″. Is connected to feed point 33, one connecting cable 37 exiting feed point 33 is connected to each of the opposing parallel dipoles 13 'and 15' of square dipoles 3 and 5. Proceed to the feed point 35 of the phase and there is electrically connected to the dipole halves of the square dipoles 3, 5, The feed line 27 and the connection cable 37 is a coaxial cable, The electrically effective length of the connecting cable (37) is characterized in that each parallel dipole (13; 13 ', 13 "; 15; 15', 15") is selected such that the phase is excited in phase. delete The method of claim 1, wherein the connecting cable or the electrically effective field of the connecting cables is at least approximately for the frequency band range to be transmitted, in particular for intermediate frequencies.

A dual polarized dipole array antenna, characterized in that or is an integer multiple thereof. The feeding point 33 according to claim 1 or 3, wherein a plurality of square dipoles 3, 5 are superposed or arranged adjacent to each other along the mounting direction 7, and the feeding point 33 connected to the feeding cable 27 is A dual polarized dipole array antenna, characterized in that it is located at corresponding identical points or orientations in all square dipoles (3, 5). The feeding point 33 according to claim 1 or 3, wherein a plurality of square dipoles 3, 5 are superposed or arranged adjacent to each other along the mounting direction 7, and the feeding point 33 connected to the feeding cable 27 is In each case, in the case of at least one or all of the square dipoles 3, 5 of the square dipoles 3, 5, the pairs of square dipoles 3, 5 are parallel to each other. A dual polarized dipole array antenna, characterized in that it is located on each other one. 4. The dipoles 13 ′ and 15 ′ according to claim 1, wherein the connecting cable 37 is in each case parallel to it from the first feed point 33 on one dipole 13 ″, 15 ″. A dual polarized dipole array antenna, characterized by a propagation to each feed point 35 on the head) or within a support arm consisting of a cavity of the balancer 113, 115 of the dipoles 13, 15. The connecting cable 37 according to claim 1 or 3 has a different line cross section, in particular a thin line cross section for the inner conductor and / or the outer conductor than the feed line 27 connected to the first feed point 33. And a dual polarized dipole array antenna. 4. The dual polarization according to claim 1 or 3, wherein a reduction in frequency dependence in the direction of the hybrid and / or cross polarization radiation pattern and an improvement in tracking operation can be achieved according to the feeding device in each square dipole. Dipole Array Antenna.

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