KR100711109B1 - Preparation of chitosan-ascorbate powder enhanced with antioxidant activity, antimicrobe, and heat and pH staility - Google Patents

Preparation of chitosan-ascorbate powder enhanced with antioxidant activity, antimicrobe, and heat and pH staility Download PDF

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KR100711109B1
KR100711109B1 KR1020050039731A KR20050039731A KR100711109B1 KR 100711109 B1 KR100711109 B1 KR 100711109B1 KR 1020050039731 A KR1020050039731 A KR 1020050039731A KR 20050039731 A KR20050039731 A KR 20050039731A KR 100711109 B1 KR100711109 B1 KR 100711109B1
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chitosan
vitamin
ascorbate
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ascorbate powder
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김순동
노홍균
이예경
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/14Yeasts or derivatives thereof
    • A23L33/145Extracts
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/15Vitamins

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Abstract

본 발명은 키토산에 비타민 C(ascorbic acid)를 결합시키는 방법에 관한 것으로 5%의 ascorbic acid 용액 200 mL에 분자량 200~2025 kDa의 키토산 10 g의 비율, 즉 비타민 C와 키토산을 1:1로 반응시켜 동결 건조함으로서 키토산과 비타민 C가 결합된 키토산-아스코베이트(chitosan-ascorbate)분말을 제조할 수 있다. 이 키토산-아스코베이트는 비타민 C가 나타내는 신맛이 없을 뿐만 아니라 물. 식초, 간장, 식용유, 소주, 맥주 및 포도주에 용해됨으로 응용범위가 넓으며, 기능성으로는 같은 농도의 비타민 C가 나타내는 항산화능의 2배, 같은 농도의 시판 수용성 키토산의 4-5배의 항산화능을 나타낸다. 또, 비타민 C는 열에 대한 안정성이 낮은 반면 이 물질의 열 안정성은 매우 높은 특징과 강한 항균성을 을 지녀 식품산업에 응용범위가 넓은 매우 유용한 발명이다. The present invention relates to a method of binding vitamin C (ascorbic acid) to chitosan in a ratio of 10 g of chitosan having a molecular weight of 200 to 2025 kDa, that is, vitamin C and chitosan in a 1: 1 ratio to 200 mL of a 5% ascorbic acid solution . It can be prepared ascorbyl bait (chitosan-ascorbate) powder was freeze-dried by the chitosan and vitamin C are combined chitosan. This chitosan-ascorbate lacks the sour taste that vitamin C represents as well as water. It is soluble in vinegar, soy sauce, cooking oil, shochu, beer and wine, and has a wide range of applications.It is functionally twice the antioxidant capacity of vitamin C at the same concentration and 4-5 times the antioxidant capacity of commercially available chitosan at the same concentration. Indicates. In addition, vitamin C has a low thermal stability while the thermal stability of this substance is a very useful invention having a wide range of applications in the food industry because of its high characteristics and strong antibacterial properties.

키토산, 비타민 C, 키토산-아스코베이트 Chitosan, Vitamin C, Chitosan-Ascorbate

Description

비타민 C의 항산화활성과 안정성 및 항균활성을 증진시킬수 있는 키토산-비타민 C복합체 제조방법 및 그 키토산-비타민 C복합체가 포함된 조성물 {Preparation of chitosan-ascorbate powder enhanced with antioxidant activity, antimicrobe, and heat and pH staility}Preparation method of chitosan-vitamin C complex which can enhance the antioxidant activity, stability and antimicrobial activity of vitamin C and composition containing the chitosan-vitamin C complex {preparation of chitosan-ascorbate powder enhanced with antioxidant activity, antimicrobe, and heat and pH staility}

도 1은 키토산아스코베이트(CA) 분말의 제조단계를 나타낸것이다,Figure 1 shows the manufacturing steps of chitosan ascorbate (CA) powder,

키토산의 제조 원료가 되는 키틴은 N-acetyl-D-glucosamine이 β-1,4 결합한 다당류(poly-β-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine)로 게, 새우 등의 갑각류의 껍질이나 곤충류의 표피, 버섯, 균류의 세포벽 등에 널리 분포되어 있는 천연고분자 물질이며, 생물체의 지지와 방호 역할을 담당하는 다당류이다(Weiner ML 1992 An overview of the regulation status and of the safety of chitin and chitosan as food and pharmaceutial ingredients. In Advances in chitin and chitosan, Elsevier Applied Science, London, p 663-670). 키틴은 셀룰로즈와 유사한 구조를 가진 곁사슬이 없는 매우 긴 사슬구조의 고분자 물질로 2번 탄소에 수산기(-OH)대신에 아세틸 아미노기(-NHCOCH3)가 치환되어 있다(Knorr D 1984 Use of chitinous polymers in food-A challenge for food research and development. Food Technol 38: 85-97). 키토산은 2번 탄소 아미노기에 연결된 아세틸기를 탈아세틸하여 얻어지므로 많은 유리 양이온을 지닐 수 있기 때문에 여러 생리 활성을 가지고 있다(Knorr D 1984 Use of chitinous polymers in food-A challenge for food research and development. Food Technol 38: 85-97).
키토산은 물이나 알코올에는 용해되지 않고 묽은 포름산, 초산, 젖산, 아스코르브산과 같은 유기산 또는 묽은 염산과 같은 무기산에 용해되므로 산성식품에 첨가가 가능하다(Sanford PA 1988 Chitosan, commercial uses and potential applications. Proc. the 4th Inter Conf. on Chitin/ chitosan held in Trondheim, Norway, p 51-69).
높은 점성을 나타낼 뿐만 아니라 쓴맛과 떫은맛이 강해 사용가능한 식품의 수가 제한되어 있다. 따라서 키토산을 이용한 기능성식품을 개발하기 위해서는 이의 수용화가 선행되어야 한다.
키토산의 수용화법으로는 산이나 효소를 이용하여 β-1,4-linkages를 분해 시키는 방법이 알려져 있다. 산분해법에서는 염산, 불화수소, 과산화수소, 과산화붕소 및 아질산 등이 이용되고 있으며, 효소법으로는 Aspergillus sp., Bacillus sp 등이 분비하는 β-1,4- glycoside 결합을 가수분해하는 chitosanase가 이용된다(Akiyama K, Kawazu K, Kobayash A 1995 A novel method for chemo-enzymatic synthesis of elicitor-action chitosan oligomers and partially N-deacetylated chitin oligomers using N-acylated chitotrioses as substrates in a lysozyme-catalyzed transglycosylation reactionsystem. Carbohydr. Res 279: 151- 160).
키틴과 키토산은 제산, 콜레스테롤 저하, 종양억제, 항균 등의 다양한 생리활성을 가지며, 약물전달체(Muzzarelli RAA 1977 Chitin. Pergamon Press Oxford: 5-9), 혈액응고방지제(Hirano S, Noisiki Y 1985 J. Biomed. Mat. Res 19: 413), 인공피부(Kojima K, Yoshikuni M, Suzuki T 1979 J. Appl. Polym. Sci 24: 1587), 중금속 흡착제(Jung BO, Chung TS 1998 Studies on the Development of Polymeric Flocculants of Chitosan System.J Korean Ind Eng Chem 9: 451-456), 식품첨가제 등 많은 분야에서 연구가 진행되고 있다. 키토산의 항균력은 구조가 가지는 폴리양이온성과 단백질과의 친화성으로 유래하며(Kim CH, Kim SY, Choi KS 1997 Synthesis and antibacterial activity of water-soluble chiein derivatives. Polym Adv Technol 8: 319), 다양한 미생물에 대한 선택적 항균성이 있는 것으로 보고 되고 있다. 또한 분자량과 도입된 작용성기에도 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 알려져 있는데 키토산에 알킬기가 다른 4차 암모늄기를 도입하여 소수성을 증가시키면 항균성도 증가한다(Kim CH, Kim SY, Choi KS 1997 Synthesis and antibacterial activity of water- soluble chiein derivatives. Polym Adv Technol 8: 319). 그러나 친수성기를 도입한 경우 등에 대한 자료는 미흡하다.
키토산이 비타민 C의 시너지 효과를 나타낸다는 사실은 동물실험 등으로 확인되었으며(Osamu K, Keiji D, Youji I, Mika S, Eiichi K 1994 chanism for the Inhibition of Fat Digestion by Chitosan and for the Synergistic Effect Ascorbate. Biosci, Biotech, Biochem 59: 786-790), 비타민 C에 녹여 동결 건조함으로서 수성화가 가능하다는 사실이 알려져 있으나 비타민 C의 산미가 나타나지 않으며, 시험관내(in vitro)에서 비타민 C의 효력과 안정성을 높일 수 있는 키토산과 비타민 C의 반응조건에 대한 연구는 보고 되지 않았다. 본 발명은 이러한 조건을 만족시킬 수 있는 반응조건을 확립하고 분말화 함으로서 그 응용범위를 높일 수 있도록 시도하였다.
Chitin, a raw material for chitosan, is a polysaccharide (poly-β-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) in which N-acetyl-D-glucosamine is bound to β-1,4. It is a natural polymer widely distributed in the epidermis, mushrooms and fungal cell walls of insects, and is a polysaccharide that plays a role in supporting and protecting organisms (Weiner ML 1992 An overview of the regulation status and of the safety of chitin and chitosan as food) and pharmaceutial ingredients.In Advances in chitin and chitosan , Elsevier Applied Science, London, p 663-670). Chitin is a cellulose-like structure that is a very long chain, macromolecular material with no side chains, in which acetyl amino group (-NHCOCH3) is substituted for carbon number 2 instead of hydroxyl group (-OH) (Knorr D 1984 Use of chitinous polymers in food). -A challenge for food research and development.Food Technol 38: 85-97). Since chitosan is obtained by deacetylating an acetyl group linked to a carbon 2 amino group, it has many physiological activities because it can have many free cations (Knorr D 1984 Use of chitinous polymers in food-A challenge for food research and development.Food Technol 38: 85-97).
Chitosan is not soluble in water or alcohol, but can be added to acidic foods because it is soluble in dilute formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, organic acids such as ascorbic acid, or inorganic acids such as dilute hydrochloric acid (Sanford PA 1988 Chitosan, commercial uses and potential applications.Proc . the 4th Inter Conf. on Chitin / chitosan held in Trondheim , Norway, p 51-69).
In addition to its high viscosity, the bitter and astringent taste is strong, limiting the number of foods available. Therefore, in order to develop a functional food using chitosan, its acceptance must be preceded.
Chitosan is known to decompose β-1,4-linkages using acids or enzymes. In the acid decomposition method, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen peroxide, boron peroxide and nitrous acid are used, and as enzyme method, chitosanase which hydrolyzes β-1,4-glycoside bonds secreted by Aspergillus sp., Bacillus sp. .. Akiyama K, Kawazu K, Kobayash A 1995 A novel method for chemo-enzymatic synthesis of elicitor-action chitosan oligomers and partially N-deacetylated chitin oligomers using N-acylated chitotrioses as substrates in a lysozyme-catalyzed transglycosylation reactionsystem Carbohydr Res 279: 151-160).
Chitin and chitosan have various physiological activities such as antacids, cholesterol lowering, tumor suppression and antibacterial activity, drug delivery agents (Muzzarelli RAA 1977 Chitin.Pergamon Press Oxford: 5-9), anticoagulants (Hirano S, Noisiki Y 1985 J. Biomed.Mat.Res 19: 413), artificial skin (Kojima K, Yoshikuni M, Suzuki T 1979 J. Appl.Polym. Sci 24: 1587), heavy metal adsorbent (Jung BO, Chung TS 1998 Studies on the Development of Polymeric Flocculants of Chitosan System.J Korean Ind Eng Chem 9: 451-456). The antimicrobial activity of chitosan is derived from the polycation of the structure and its affinity with proteins (Kim CH, Kim SY, Choi KS 1997 Synthesis and antibacterial activity of water-soluble chiein derivatives.Polym Adv Technol 8: 319). It has been reported to have selective antimicrobial activity. In addition, molecular weight and functional groups introduced are known to be greatly affected. The introduction of quaternary ammonium groups with other alkyl groups in chitosan increases the hydrophobicity (Kim CH, Kim SY, Choi KS 1997 Synthesis and antibacterial activity of water). soluble chiein derivatives.Polym Adv Technol 8: 319). However, data on the introduction of hydrophilic groups are insufficient.
Synergistic effects of vitamin C have been confirmed by animal experiments (Osamu K, Keiji D, Youji I, Mika S, Eiichi K 1994 chanism for the Inhibition of Fat Digestion by Chitosan and for the Synergistic Effect Ascorbate. Biosci, Biotech, Biochem 59: 786-790), it is known that it can be hydrolyzed by dissolving in vitamin C and freeze-drying, but it does not show the acidity of vitamin C and enhances the efficacy and stability of vitamin C in vitro . The study of the possible reaction conditions of chitosan and vitamin C has not been reported. The present invention attempts to increase the application range by establishing and powdering reaction conditions that can satisfy these conditions.

본 발명에서는 키토산의 기능성이 살아있으며 비타민 C의 효력이 증진되고, 신맛이 없으며 열안정성이 높고 다양한 액상식품에서 녹을 수 있는 키토산-비타민 C 복합체(키토산아스코베이트) 분말의 제조방법 및 그 조성물을 확립하는데 그 목적이 있다.In the present invention, the functionality of chitosan is alive, the effect of vitamin C is enhanced, there is no sour taste, high heat stability, and the manufacturing method and composition of chitosan-vitamin C complex (chitosan ascorbate) powder that can be dissolved in various liquid foods Its purpose is to.

상기 목적에 따라 본 발명은 5% 비타민 C(순도 100%) 용액 200mL에 키토산(분자량 2025 kDa) 10g의 비율로 혼합하여 상온에서 1시간동안 잘 저어준 다음 투명한 상태로 녹으면 -70℃에서 급속 동결한다. 동결된 시료는 동결건조기를 사용하여 건조, 분말화 한다.
실시 예 1: 키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 제조조건 확립
[실험방법]
여러 가지 키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 제조와 변색 및 신맛정도
키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 제조 조건 확립을 위하여 비타민 C의 농도별(0.5, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 및 20%) 용액을 조제한 후 키토산(분자량 2025 kDa)을 녹지 않을 때까지의 양(용해도 산출)을 가하여 녹인 후 -70℃에서 급속 동결하여 동결 건조하여 분말화 하였다.

[결 과]
키토산-아스코베이트 분말을 제조하기 위하여 비타민 C의 농도별에 따른 키토산의 용해도, 키토산/비타민 C의 비, 반응상태, 동결 건조하여 분말화한 키토산-아스코베이트의 변색 정도와 신맛을 관능적으로 평가한 결과는 표 1과 같다. 키토산을 가장 많이 녹이는 비타민 C의 농도는 5%이었으며, 이보다 농도가 낮거나 높을 경우는 용해도가 감소되었다. 또 비타민 C의 농도가 10% 이상일 경우는 시간이 경과함에 따라 비타민 C의 분해로 생성되는 변색현상이 나타났다. 동결 건조하여 분말 화시킨 키토산-아스코베트의 신맛정도를 관능적으로 평가한 결과 키토산과 비타민 C가 1:1로 반응한 경우와 비타민 C의 농도가 키토산에 비하여 낮은 경우에는 신맛이 나타나지 않았으나 높을 경우는 신맛이 강하게 나타났다. 이상으로 신맛이 나타나지 않는 키토산-아스코베이트 분말 제조법은 비타민 C의 농도를 5%로 고정하고 비타민 C와 동일한 농도의 키토산을 녹여 동결 건조함으로서 제조가 가능하였다.
[표 1] 키토산-아스코베이트의 제조조건과 품질특성

Figure 112006076105830-pat00013

실시 예 2. 다양한 액상식품에서 키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 용해성 실험
[실험방법]
용해성의 측정
다양한 액상식품(증류수, 사과식초, 간장, 우유, 두유, 오렌지주스, 커피, 녹차, 참기름, 대두유, 소주, 맥주) 각 10mL에 키토산-아스코베이트 분말을 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 및 0.5% 되게 가하여 20℃에서 1시간 방치, 10,000rpm으로 원심분리한 후 잔사의 유무를 조사하였다. 용해성은 각각의 농도에서 녹거나 녹지 않을 경우에 부등호로 표시하였다.
키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 용해성을 비교하기 위하여 시판 수용성 키토산(Webiotech Co Ltd)과 본 발명의 키토산-아스코베이트 분말 제조 시와 동일한 반응조건으로 키토산과 비타민 C를 반응시킨 후 60℃에서 열풍 건조한 것을 각각 대조구로 하여 실험하였다.
[결 과]
본 발명에서 제조한 키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 다양한 액상식품에서의 용해성을 조사한 결과는 표 2와 같다. 키토산-아스코베이트 분말은 시판 수용성 키토산과 같이 증류수, 식초, 녹차, 소주, 맥주, 포도주에서는 0.5% 이상이 용해되었고 간장, 참기름, 대두유에서는 0.3% 이상이 용해되었다. 우유, 두유, 오렌지 주스, 커피에서는 커드를 형성하거나 침전물이 생성되었다. 키토산-아스코베이트 분말 제조에 사용한 키토산은 사과식초에서만 용해가 되었으며 나머지 액상 식품에서는 용해되지 않았다. 열풍건조법으로 제조한 키토산-아스코베이트 분말은 모든 액상식품에서 용해되지 않았다.

[표 2] 다양한 액상식품에서 키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 용해성

Figure 112006076105830-pat00014

실시 예 3. 키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 색상과 부피밀도(bulk density) 측정실험
본 발명에서 제조한 키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 품질특성을 조사하기 위하여 색상과 부피밀도를 조사하기 위하여 시판 수용성 키토산(Webiotech Co Ltd)과 본 발명의 키토산-아스코베이트 분말 제조 시와 동일한 반응조건으로 키토산과 비타민 C를 반응시킨 후 60℃에서 열풍 건조한 것을 각각 대조구로 하여 다음과 같이 실험하였다.
[실험방법]
색상의 측정
색상 측정은 색차계(Chromameter CR-200 Minolta, Japan)를 이용하여 L*(밝기), a*(적색도) 및 b*(황색도)를 측정하였다.

부피밀도(bulk density)
시료 20 g을 100 mL 실린더에 넣어 부피를 측정한 후 100 g당의 부피로 환산하였다.

[결 과]
본 발명에서 제조한 키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 색상을 측정한 결과는 표 3에 나타내었다. 본 발명 키토산-아스코베이트 분말은 시판 수용성 키토산보다 L*(밝기)은 다소 낮은 반면 a*(적색도)과 b*(황색도)는 다소 높은 특성을 나타내었다. 그러나 열풍 건조한 키토산-아스코베이트 분말보다는 L*(밝기)은 높은 반면 a*(적색도), b*(황색도)는 현저하게 낮았다.
키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 부피밀도의 측정 결과는 표 4에 나타내었다. 키토산-아스코베이트 분말은 시판 수용성 키토산과 열풍 건조한 키토산-아스코베이트 분말에 비하여 부피밀도가 높았다.
[표 3] 키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 색상
Figure 112006076105830-pat00015

[표 4] 키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 부피밀도
Figure 112006076105830-pat00016


실시 예 4. 키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 농도별 항산화 활성실험
[실험 방법]
항산화 활성
대두유 100 μL, 에탄올 800 μL, 시료 수용액[키토산-아스코베이트 분말, 시판수용성키토산 및 비타민 C] 100 μL, glycine-HCl buffer(pH 3.6) 100 μL, 10 mM의 FeCl3 100μL, 0.5% TBA 1.5 mL을 vortex상에서 가하여 혼합하였다. 다음에 끓는 물에서 15분간 가열, 냉각하였다. 다음에 n-butanol 4 mL씩을 가하여 잘 혼합한 다음 원심분리(3000 rpm)한 상징액의 흡광도(532 nm)를 측정하였다. 항산화 활성은 농도별(대조군, 0.1, 0.3, 0.4 및 0.5%)로 행하였으며, 항산화 활성도는 키토산-아스코베이트 무첨구에 대한 %로 나타내었다(Seo SB, You HJ, Seo CS 2003 Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory compositions with Inula helenium L. extract and water soluble chitosan. US Patent : 6,521,268).
[결 과]
본 실험에서 발명한 키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 항산화 활성을 측정 결과는 도 2에 나타내었다. 키토산-아스코베이트 분말은 키토산과 비타민 C의 1:1로 반응시킨 것으로 키토산의 농도는 시판수용성 키토산과 동일한 농도로 비교할 경우 이보다 4~5배, 비타민 C와 비교할 경우 2배나 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었다.

Figure 112006076105830-pat00017

[도 2] 다른 농도에서의 키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 항산화 활성. 데이터는 3회 반복 측정 평균치± 표준편차로 나타냄
실시 예 5. 키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 열 및 pH에 대한 안정성과 관능검사

[실험방법]
열 안정성 검사
본 발명 키토산-아스코베이트에 결합된 비타민 C가 나타내는 항산화성의 열에 대한 안정성을 비타민 C의 경우와 비교하기 위하여 비타민 C의 농도별(0.1, 0.3, 0.5%) 및 키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 농도별(0.2, 0.6, 1.0%)로 100℃에서 가열시간(0, 10, 20 및 30분)에 따른 항산화 활성의 변화를 비교하였다. 항산화활성의 측정은 상기에서와 동일한 방법으로 이렇게 측정하였다.
pH 별 안정성
본 발명 키토산-아스코베이트에 결합한 비타민 C가 나타내는 항산화성의 pH에 따른 안정성을 비타민 C의 경우와 비교하기 위하여 비타민 C의 농도를 0.2%로 동일하게 하고 pH를 3, 4, 5, 6, 7로 조정하여 20℃에서 24시간 방치한 후 항산화 활성을 비교하였다. 항산화활성의 측정은 상기에서와 동일한 방법으로 측정하였다.
관능검사
식품공학을 전공하는 대학원생 및 학부생 25명을 관능검사요원으로 선발하여 단맛, 신맛, 짠맛, 쓴맛, 떫은맛을 5점 채점법(Herbert S, Jeol L 1993. Sensory evaluation practice : 2nd ed. J American Dietetic Association 93 p 1351)으로 측정하였으며 아주 강하다(5점), 강하다(4점), 보통이다(3점), 약하다(2점), 아주 약하다(1점)로 평가하였다.
[결 과]
키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 열에 대한 열 안정성을 측정한 결과는 도 3에 나타내었다. 100℃에서 30분간 가열하였을 때 본 발명 키토산-아스코베이트 분말 0.2%(비타민 C로는 0.1%)의 경우 동일농도의 비타민 C에 비하여 42%나 높은 항산화활성을 유지하였으며, 0.6%의 경우는 동일농도의 비타민 C보다 51%, 1.0%의 경우는 58%나 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 즉 비타민 C를 키토산에 결합시킴으로서 비타민 C의 항산화 열안정성이 크게 증가되는 현상을 나타내었다.
키토산에 결합한 비타민 C가 결합하지 않은 비타민 C에 비하여 pH에 대한 안정성이 높은지를 조사한 결과는 도 4와 같다. 키토산-아스코베이트 분말과 비타민 C 다같이 pH가 높아질수록 그 안정성이 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었으나 키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 경우가 비타민 C에 비하여 실험한 모든 구간의 pH에서 20% 이상으로 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었다.
키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 맛에 대한 관능검사의 결과는 표 5와 같다. 키토산-아스코베이트 분말은 비타민 C가 가지는 신맛을 나타내지 않았다. 즉, 비타민 C를 키토산에 1:1로 결합시킴으로서 비타민 C의 산미가 소실되어 신맛으로 인하여 여러 가지 식품에 응용범위가 축소되었던 어려움이 해결되었다. 키토산-아스코베이트 분말은 단맛과 쓴맛, 짠맛은 나타나지 않았으나 키토산이 가지는 떫은맛은 그대로 나타났다.
Figure 112006076105830-pat00018

[도 3] 키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 열안정성. 데이터는 3회 반복 측정 평균치± 표준편차로 나타냄.
Figure 112006076105830-pat00019

[도 4] 키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 pH 안정성. 데이터는 3회 반복 측정 평균치± 표준편차로 나타냄.
[표 5] 키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 관능검사
Figure 112006076105830-pat00020

실시 예 7. 키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 항균성 실험
[실험 방법]
항균성은 Kirby-Bauer disk법(Park KY, Kim SH, Son TJ 1998 Antimutagenic activities of cell wall and cytosol fractions of lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi. J Food Sci Nutr 3: 329-333)으로 측정하였다. 시험 균주로는 E. coli O157(ATCC 11775), L. monocytogenous(ATCC 19115), S. typhinurium 00251(ATCC 14028) B. cereus(KCCM 11341)를 사용하였으며, 배지로는 BactoTM tryptic soy broth(Beton, Dickson & Co. USA)와 BactoTM tryptic soy agar(Beton, Dickson & Co. USA)를 사용하였다. 각각의 미생물을 3%의 배지에 이식하여 37℃에서 24시간 계대 배양하여 사용하였다.
각각의 시료를 직경 5mm paper disk에 0, 20, 40, 60, 80μL 농도로 spotting한 다음 각각의 미생물을 멸균 생리식염수로 현탁시켜 agar 배지에 접종, 유리봉을 사용하여 고루 펴고 그 위에 paper disk를 놓은 후 37℃에서 48시간 배양하여 생성된 clear zone의 직경을 측정하였다. 최소저해농도(MIC)는 clear zone을 형성하는 최저농도로 하였다.
[결 과]
본 발명 키토산-아스코베이트 분말과 시판수용성키토산의 병원균[E. coli O-157, Listeria monocytogenous(ATCC 19115), Salmonella typhinurium 00251(ATCC 14028)]과 부패균[Bacillus cereus (KCCM 11341)]에 대한 항균성을 비교한 결과는 표 6 및 도 5와 같다. 키토산-아스코베이트 분말은 Salmonella typhinurium에 대하여는 항균력을 나타내지 않았으나 나머지 3균에 대하여 항균력을 나타내었으며 시판 수용성 키토산은 Salmonella typhinuriumListeria mono- cytogenous을 제외한 2균에 대하여 다같이 농도에 비례하여 항균력이 증가되었다. 특히 키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 항균력은 시판 수용성 키토산에 비하여 더욱 강한 항균력을 보였다.
[표 6] 키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 항균활성
Figure 112006076105830-pat00021

Figure 112006076105830-pat00022

[도 5] 키토산-아스코베이트 분말의 항균성
C: 증류수 또는 비타민 C, 1: 20 μL/disc, 2: 40 μL/disc, 3: 60 μL/disc, 4: 80 μL/disc.

실시 예 8. 물김치의 보존성 및 품질 향상 효과 검증실험
[실험방법]
김치담금 재료와 담금 및 숙성
절임배추(염도 1%) 100 g, 무 70 g, 파 4 g, 마늘 7 g, 생강 4 g, 홍고추 3 g, 소금 7 g, 키토산-아스코베이트 분말 7g 증류수 700 mL을 1L들이 뚜껑이 있는 유리병에 담금하여 10℃에서 21일간 숙성시켰다.

pH 측정
물김치의 파쇄, 여과액을 pH meter(720P, Istec, Korea)로 측정하였다.
총균수 측정
물김치의 파쇄액 1 mL을 취하여 멸균한 1% peptone수로 순차적으로 희석한 후 nutrient agar(Becton, Dickinson & Co USA) 배지에 이식하여 37℃에서 48시간 배양 후 나타나는 colony수를 계측하였다.

[결과]
본 발명 키토산-아스코베이트 분말을 물김치 제조시 물량에 대하여 1%되게 첨가하여 10℃에서 숙성시킨 결과(도 6), 무첨가 물김치의 경우는 숙성 7일째에 pH가 4.0에 도달하는 반면 키토산-아스코베이트를 1% 첨가한 경우는 숙성 21일째에서 pH 가 4.6정도를 유지하여 가식기간이 현저하게 연장되었다. 김치내의 총균수도 무첨가의 경우는 총균수가 최대를 이루는 14일째의 균수가 109/mL인 반면 키토산-아스코베이트 첨가군에서는 숙성 21일째의 균수가 107/mL에 불과하여 김치의 보존성이 현저하게 증가되었다. 데이터로 나타내지는 않았으나 김치국물의 탁도도 현저하게 낮고 종합적 기호도가 높아 상품성이 현저하게 높았다.
Figure 112006076105830-pat00023

[도 6] 키토산-아스코베이트 분말 첨가(1%) 물김치의 숙성중 pH와 총균수의 변화. 데이터는 3회 측정한 평균치±.표준편차로 나타냄.According to the above object, the present invention is mixed with 200 mL of 5% vitamin C (100% purity) solution at a ratio of 10 g of chitosan (molecular weight 2025 kDa), stirred well for 1 hour at room temperature, and then rapidly melted at -70 ° C when dissolved in a transparent state. Freeze. Frozen samples are dried and powdered using a lyophilizer.
Example 1 Establishment of Preparation Conditions for Chitosan-Ascorbate Powder
Experimental Method
Preparation of various chitosan-ascorbate powders, discoloration and acidity
The amount until the solution of vitamin C concentration (0.5, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) was prepared and the chitosan (molecular weight 2025 kDa) was not dissolved in order to establish the preparation conditions of the chitosan-ascorbate powder. Solubility calculation) was added to dissolve and then rapidly frozen at -70 ℃ to freeze dried to powder.

[result]
To prepare chitosan-ascorbate powder, the solubility of chitosan by the concentration of vitamin C, the ratio of chitosan / vitamin C, the reaction state, and the discoloration and sour taste of the freeze-dried chitosan-ascorbate were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1. The concentration of vitamin C, which dissolves chitosan most, was 5%. At lower or higher levels, solubility was reduced. If the concentration of vitamin C is more than 10%, the discoloration phenomenon generated by the decomposition of vitamin C appeared over time. The sour taste of the freeze-dried powdered chitosan-ascorbate was measured by sensory results. When the chitosan and vitamin C were reacted 1: 1 and the concentration of vitamin C was lower than that of chitosan, the sour taste did not appear. Sour taste appeared strong. Chitosan-ascorbate powder manufacturing method does not appear sour above was able to manufacture by fixing the concentration of vitamin C to 5% and freeze-dried by melting chitosan of the same concentration as vitamin C.
[Table 1] Manufacturing Conditions and Quality Characteristics of Chitosan-Ascorbate
Figure 112006076105830-pat00013

Example 2 Solubility Test of Chitosan-Ascorbate Powder in Various Liquid Foods
Experimental Method
Solubility Measurement
Various liquid foods (distilled water, apple cider vinegar, soy sauce, milk, soy milk, orange juice, coffee, green tea, sesame oil, soybean oil, soju, beer) are made with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5% of chitosan-ascorbate powder in 10 mL each. The mixture was left at 20 ° C. for 1 hour, centrifuged at 10,000 rpm, and the presence or absence of residue was examined. Solubility is indicated by inequality when it melts or does not melt at each concentration.
In order to compare the solubility of chitosan-ascorbate powder, the product was reacted with commercially available water-soluble chitosan (Webiotech Co Ltd) and chitosan-ascorbate powder under the same reaction conditions, followed by hot air drying at 60 ° C., respectively. The experiment was performed as a control.
[result]
The results of examining the solubility of the chitosan-ascorbate powder prepared in the present invention in various liquid foods are shown in Table 2. Chitosan-ascorbate powder was dissolved in 0.5% or more in distilled water, vinegar, green tea, soju, beer, and wine, and 0.3% or more in soy sauce, sesame oil, and soybean oil. Milk, soy milk, orange juice, and coffee formed curds or precipitates. Chitosan used to prepare chitosan-ascorbate powder was dissolved only in apple cider vinegar and not in the rest of the liquid food. Chitosan-ascorbate powder prepared by hot air drying did not dissolve in all liquid foods.

[Table 2] Solubility of Chitosan-ascorbate Powder in Various Liquid Foods

Figure 112006076105830-pat00014

Example 3 Color and Bulk Density Measurement of Chitosan-Ascorbate Powder
In order to investigate the color and bulk density of the chitosan-ascorbate powder prepared in the present invention, commercially available chitosan (Webiotech Co Ltd) and chitosan under the same reaction conditions as the preparation of the chitosan-ascorbate powder of the present invention After reacting with vitamin C and hot air dried at 60 ℃ as a control, respectively, the experiment was as follows.
Experimental Method
Measurement of color
For color measurement, L * (brightness), a * (redness), and b * (yellowness) were measured using a chromameter (Chromameter CR-200 Minolta, Japan).

Bulk density
20 g of the sample was put in a 100 mL cylinder, the volume was measured, and converted into a volume per 100 g.

[result]
The results of measuring the color of the chitosan-ascorbate powder prepared in the present invention are shown in Table 3. The chitosan-ascorbate powder of the present invention showed somewhat lower L * (brightness) and a * (redness) and b * (yellowness) than commercially available water-soluble chitosan. However, L * (brightness) and a * (redness) and b * (yellowness) were significantly lower than hot air dried chitosan-ascorbate powder.
The measurement results of the bulk density of the chitosan-ascorbate powder are shown in Table 4. Chitosan-ascorbate powder had higher bulk density than commercially available water-soluble chitosan and hot air dried chitosan-ascorbate powder.
[Table 3] Color of chitosan-ascorbate powder
Figure 112006076105830-pat00015

Table 4 Bulk Density of Chitosan-Ascorbate Powder
Figure 112006076105830-pat00016


Example 4. Antioxidant Activity Test by the Concentration of Chitosan-Ascorbate Powder
[Experimental method]
Antioxidant activity
100 μL of soybean oil, 800 μL of ethanol, 100 μL of sample aqueous solution [chitosan-ascorbate powder, commercially available water-soluble chitosan and vitamin C], 100 μL of glycine-HCl buffer (pH 3.6), 100 μL of 10 mM FeCl3, 1.5 mL of 0.5% TBA. Add on vortex and mix. Then, it was heated and cooled in boiling water for 15 minutes. Next, 4 mL of n-butanol was added thereto, mixed well, and the absorbance (532 nm) of the supernatant was centrifuged (3000 rpm). Antioxidant activity was performed by concentration (control, 0.1, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5%) and antioxidant activity was expressed as% of chitosan-ascorbate-free (Seo SB, You HJ, Seo CS 2003 Antibacterial and anti- inflammatory compositions with Inula helenium L. extract and water soluble chitosan.US Patent : 6,521,268).
[result]
Antioxidant activity of the chitosan-ascorbate powder invented in this experiment was shown in FIG. 2. Chitosan-ascorbate powder reacted with chitosan and vitamin C 1: 1, and the concentration of chitosan was 4-5 times higher than that of commercially available water-soluble chitosan, and 2 times higher than that of vitamin C. .

Figure 112006076105830-pat00017

FIG. 2 Antioxidant activity of chitosan-ascorbate powder at different concentrations. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation of three repeated measurements.
Example 5 Stability and Sensory Evaluation of Heat and pH of Chitosan-Ascorbate Powder

Experimental Method
Thermal stability test
In order to compare the antioxidant heat stability of vitamin C bound to chitosan-ascorbate of the present invention with that of vitamin C, the concentration of vitamin C (0.1, 0.3, 0.5%) and the concentration of chitosan-ascorbate powder ( 0.2, 0.6, 1.0%) compared the change of antioxidant activity with heating time (0, 10, 20 and 30 minutes) at 100 ℃. The antioxidant activity was measured in the same manner as above.
pH stability
In order to compare the antioxidant stability of the vitamin C bound to chitosan-ascorbate of the present invention with that of vitamin C, the concentration of vitamin C is equal to 0.2% and the pH is 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. After adjusting for 24 hours at 20 ℃ to compare the antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity was measured in the same manner as above.
Sensory evaluation
25 graduate and undergraduate students who majored in food engineering were selected as sensory inspectors.Herbert S, Jeol L 1993.Sensory evaluation practice: 2nd ed. J American Dietetic Association 93 p 1351) were evaluated as being very strong (5 points), strong (4 points), moderate (3 points), weak (2 points), and very weak (1 point).
[result]
Thermal stability of the chitosan-ascorbate powder was measured in FIG. 3. When heated at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes, 0.2% of the chitosan-ascorbate powder of the present invention (0.1% of vitamin C) maintained 42% higher antioxidant activity than vitamin C of the same concentration, and 0.6% of the same concentration of the same concentration. 51% and 1.0% of the vitamin C was 58% higher than the activity. In other words, by binding vitamin C to chitosan, the antioxidant thermal stability of vitamin C was greatly increased.
The result of investigating whether the vitamin C bound to chitosan is higher in pH stability than the non-binding vitamin C is shown in FIG. 4. Both chitosan-ascorbate powder and vitamin C showed a tendency of lower stability as the pH was increased, but chitosan-ascorbate powder showed higher antioxidant activity at 20% or more at pH of all the experiments compared to vitamin C. Indicated.
The results of the sensory test on the taste of the chitosan-ascorbate powder are shown in Table 5. Chitosan-ascorbate powder did not show the sour taste of vitamin C. That is, by combining vitamin C with chitosan 1: 1, the acidity of vitamin C is lost and the difficulty of reducing the application range of various foods due to sour taste is solved. Chitosan-ascorbate powder was not sweet, bitter or salty, but the astringent taste of chitosan was shown.
Figure 112006076105830-pat00018

3 is thermal stability of chitosan-ascorbate powder. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation of three replicate measurements.
Figure 112006076105830-pat00019

Figure 4 pH stability of chitosan-ascorbate powder. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation of three replicate measurements.
Table 5 Sensory test of chitosan-ascorbate powder
Figure 112006076105830-pat00020

Example 7 Antimicrobial Test of Chitosan-Ascorbate Powder
[Experimental method]
Antimicrobial activity was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk method (Park KY, Kim SH, Son TJ 1998 Antimutagenic activities of cell wall and cytosol fractions of lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi. J Food Sci Nutr 3: 329-333). Test strains were E. coli O157 (ATCC 11775), L. monocytogenous (ATCC 19115), S. typhinurium 00251 (ATCC 14028) B. cereus (KCCM 11341), and BactoTM tryptic soy broth (Beton, Dickson & Co. USA) and BactoTM tryptic soy agar (Beton, Dickson & Co. USA). Each microorganism was transplanted into 3% medium and used for 24 hours at 37 ° C.
Each sample was spotted at a concentration of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 μL on a 5 mm diameter paper disk, and then each microorganism was suspended in sterile saline solution, inoculated in agar medium, and spread evenly using a glass rod. After laying, the diameter of the clear zone was measured by incubating at 37 ° C. for 48 hours. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was taken as the lowest concentration to form a clear zone.
[result]
Antimicrobial activity of the pathogenic bacteria [ E. coli O-157, Listeria monocytogenous (ATCC 19115), Salmonella typhinurium 00251 (ATCC 14028)] and decayed bacteria [ Bacillus cereus (KCCM 11341)] of chitosan-ascorbate powder and commercially available water-soluble chitosan The comparison results are shown in Table 6 and FIG. 5. Chitosan-ascorbate powder did not show antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhinurium , but showed antimicrobial activity against the remaining three bacteria, and commercially available water-soluble chitosan showed an increase in antimicrobial activity in proportion to two bacteria except Salmonella typhinurium and Listeria mono-cytogenous . . In particular, the antibacterial activity of chitosan-ascorbate powder showed a stronger antimicrobial activity than commercially available water-soluble chitosan.
Table 6 Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan-Ascorbate Powder
Figure 112006076105830-pat00021

Figure 112006076105830-pat00022

Figure 5 Antimicrobial activity of chitosan-ascorbate powder
C: distilled water or vitamin C, 1: 20 μL / disc, 2: 40 μL / disc, 3: 60 μL / disc, 4: 80 μL / disc.

Example 8 Verification Experiments on the Preservation and Quality Improvement Effects of Water Kimchi
Experimental Method
Kimchi immersed material and immersion and ripening
Pickled cabbage (salt 1%) 100 g, radish 70 g, green onion 4 g, garlic 7 g, ginger 4 g, red pepper 3 g, salt 7 g, chitosan-ascorbate powder 7 g 700 ml distilled water 700 ml It was immersed in a bottle and aged at 10 ° C. for 21 days.

pH measurement
Crushing water kimchi, the filtrate was measured with a pH meter (720P, Istec, Korea).
Total bacterial count
1 mL of water kimchi crushed solution was taken, diluted sequentially with sterile 1% peptone water, and transplanted into nutrient agar (Becton, Dickinson & Co USA) medium to measure colony number after 48 hours of incubation at 37 ° C.

[result]
Chitosan-ascorbate powder of the present invention was added to 1% with respect to the amount of water kimchi production to mature at 10 ℃ (Fig. 6), in the case of no-added water kimchi pH reaches 4.0 on the seventh day of fermentation chitosan- When 1% ascorbate was added, the pH was maintained at about 4.6 at 21 days of fermentation, which significantly extended the feeding period. If the total number of bacteria in kimchi was not added, the number of bacteria on the 14th day of maximum total bacteria was 109 / mL, whereas in the chitosan-ascorbate group, the number of bacteria on the 21st day of fermentation was only 107 / mL. Increased. Although not shown in the data, the turbidity of Kimchi soup was also markedly low, and the general preference was high.
Figure 112006076105830-pat00023

6 is the change of pH and total bacterial count during the ripening of chitosan-ascorbate powder addition (1%) water kimchi. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation measured three times.

키토산과 비타민 C를 1:1로 결합시킨 키토산-아스코베이트 분말을 제조함으로서 물에 녹지 않는 키토산의 수용화가 가능할 뿐만 아니라 신맛이 전혀 없어 다양한 액상음료에 용해와 활용이 가능하다.
또, 키토산의 기능과 비타민 C의 기능을 함께 지닌 다기능성의 소재로 활용할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 동일한 농도의 비타민 C에 비하여 항산화 활성이 20% 증가되었으며, 열에 대한 안정성과 pH에 대한 안정성이 결합 전에 비하여 각각 50%와 18%를 증가시킴으로서 항산화성이 요구되는 유지식품에 활용도가 높다.
키토산-아스코베이트 분말을 김치에 첨가함으로서 가식기간이 10℃에서 약 2주간 연장된다.
By preparing chitosan-ascorbate powder that combines chitosan and vitamin C in a 1: 1 ratio, it is not only water-soluble, but also has no sour taste, so it can be dissolved and utilized in various liquid drinks.
In addition, it can not only be used as a multifunctional material having the function of chitosan and vitamin C, but also increased the antioxidant activity by 20% compared to the same concentration of vitamin C. By increasing 50% and 18%, respectively, it is highly applicable to oil-based foods requiring antioxidant properties.
By adding chitosan-ascorbate powder to kimchi, the decorating period is extended for about two weeks at 10 ° C.

Claims (3)

5%의 비타민 C 수용액 100 mL에 대하여 분자량 2025 kDa의 키토산 5 g의 비율로 가하여 상온에서 1시간 이내로 저어 녹인 후 -70℃에서 급속동결 한 후 동결건조하여 분말화함으로서 제조하는 것을 포함하는 비타민 C의 항산화활성과 안정성 및 항균활성을 증진시킬수 있는 키토산-비타민 C복합체 제조방법 Vitamin C, which is prepared by adding 5 g of chitosan with a molecular weight of 2025 kDa to 100 mL of a 5% aqueous solution of vitamin C, stirring within 1 hour at room temperature, dissolving rapidly at -70 ° C, and lyophilizing to powder. Method for preparing chitosan-vitamin C complex which can enhance antioxidant activity, stability and antimicrobial activity 제 1항의 방법으로 제조한 키토산-아스코베이트 분말 또는 분말제조 전의 액체상태의 키토산-아스코베이트를 물, 사과식초, 간장, 우유, 두유, 오렌지주스, 커피, 녹차, 참기름, 대두유, 소주, 맥주, 포도주 중 선택된 어느 하나에 0.2~1.0% 범위로 함유케 하는 것을 포함하는 비타민 C의 항산화활성과 안정성 및 항균활성을 증진시킬수 있는 키토산-비타민 C복합체가 포함된 조성물 The chitosan-ascorbate powder prepared by the method of claim 1 or the liquid chitosan-ascorbate before powder preparation is water, apple vinegar, soy sauce, milk, soy milk, orange juice, coffee, green tea, sesame oil, soybean oil, soju, beer, Composition containing chitosan-vitamin C complex which can enhance the antioxidant and stability and antimicrobial activity of vitamin C, which is contained in any one selected from the range of 0.2-1.0% of wine 제 1항의 방법으로 제조한 키토산-아스코베이트 분말 또는 분말제조 전의 액체상태의 키토산-아스코베이트를 김치 또는 장류에 0.2~2% 범위로 첨가한 것을 포함하는 비타민 C의 항산화활성과 안정성 및 항균활성을 증진시킬수 있는 키토산-비타민 C복합체가 포함된 조성물 Antioxidant activity, stability and antimicrobial activity of vitamin C comprising chitosan-ascorbate powder prepared by the method of claim 1 or a liquid chitosan-ascorbate before powder preparation is added to kimchi or tofu in a range of 0.2 to 2%. Compositions Containing Enhancing Chitosan-Vitamin C Complexes
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