KR100696079B1 - A method and apparatus for keeping cold tanks for storing or transporting a liquefied gas - Google Patents

A method and apparatus for keeping cold tanks for storing or transporting a liquefied gas Download PDF

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KR100696079B1
KR100696079B1 KR1020000020390A KR20000020390A KR100696079B1 KR 100696079 B1 KR100696079 B1 KR 100696079B1 KR 1020000020390 A KR1020000020390 A KR 1020000020390A KR 20000020390 A KR20000020390 A KR 20000020390A KR 100696079 B1 KR100696079 B1 KR 100696079B1
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South Korea
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gas
liquid
tank
heat exchanger
liquefied
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KR1020000020390A
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Korean (ko)
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KR20010049264A (en
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렐라르장-크리스토프
플레쉬엠마뉘에
도이에앙리
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가즈 드 프랑스
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/001—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0097—Others, e.g. F-, Cl-, HF-, HClF-, HCl-hydrocarbons etc. or mixtures thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/04—Mixing or blending of fluids with the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/90—Boil-off gas from storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being (a mixture of) hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/34—Details about subcooling of liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/34—Hydrogen distribution

Abstract

Part of the liquefied gas is pumped out (18) and super-cooled in a heat exchange system (22) before it is re-injected into t tank (10). In addition, part of the evaporated gas (16) is extracted intermittently, compressed in a compressor (36) and injecte into the extracted liquid to form a mixture which is then fully liquefied and super-cooled in the heat exchange system. The heat exchanger is designed to treat a fluid that is mainly liquid on entry. The liquid/compressed gas mixture injected the heat exchanger is in molar ratio 50-100% liquid, preferably 70-100%. The system applies to several tanks, with the mixture b taken from at least one tank and re-injected into at least one tank after passing through the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger uses a cooling fluid such as gaseous nitrogen or the products from the tanks and cools the liquid/gas mixture by 1-20 degrees C, preferably 3-17 degrees C. An intermediate storage capacity for the super-cooled liquid (30) is placed betw the heat exchanger and a control valve (26). The super-cooled liquid is re-injected into the tank at the liquid level and/or the level. The liquefied gas is a gas which cannot be distributed in liquid form at 15 degrees C, whatever the pressure, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG) or hydrogen. Alternatively the liquefied gas is liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The cooling liquid in heat exchanger can be polypropylene, a freon, an HCFC or the product in the tank.

Description

액화 가스를 저장 또는 수송하기 위한 냉각 탱크의 보존 방법 및 그 장치{A method and apparatus for keeping cold tanks for storing or transporting a liquefied gas} A method and apparatus for keeping cold tanks for storing or transporting a liquefied gas}             

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 액화 가스의 저장 또는 수송 장치의 원리를 나타내는 도면,1 shows the principle of an apparatus for storing or transporting liquefied gas according to the present invention,

도 2는 도 1의 장치의 변형 실시예를 보여주는 도면,2 shows a variant embodiment of the device of FIG. 1,

도 3은 액화 가스 탱크에서 느린 압력 상승을 조절하는 데 적절한 선행 기술의 장치를 보여주는 도면.3 shows a prior art device suitable for regulating a slow pressure rise in a liquefied gas tank.

** 도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명 **** Description of symbols for the main parts of the drawing **

10, 40: 탱크 12: 액체10, 40: tank 12: liquid

16: 가스 20: 액체 배출 파이프16: gas 20: liquid discharge pipe

22: 열 교환기 24: 귀환 파이프22: heat exchanger 24: return pipe

30: 용적계 31, 32: 밸브30: volume meter 31, 32: valve

36: 압축기 48: 덕트36: compressor 48: duct

본 발명은 일반적인 액화 가스의 저장 및 수송에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는 액화 가스를 저장 또는 수송하기 위한 냉각 탱크의 보존 방법 및 그 방법을 실현하기 위한 장치에 관한 것이다.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the storage and transportation of liquefied gas in general, and more particularly to a method for preserving a cooling tank for storing or transporting a liquefied gas and an apparatus for realizing the method.

액체 상태의 특정 가스를 극저온과 대기압에 가까운 압력 하에서 저장, 수송하는 것은 종래에도 알려져왔으나, 불행하게도, 액화된 가스를 저장하고 수송하는 탱크는 완벽하게 격리되어 있지 않기 때문에 열 누출의 근원이 되어왔다. 이는 액체를 증발시킴으로써 탱크 내부의 압력은 증가되고, 이와 같은 현상은 빠르게 받아들일 수 없게 되어 증발된 가스를 배출시키게 된다.Although storage and transport of certain gases in liquid form under cryogenic and near atmospheric pressures have been known in the art, unfortunately, tanks for storing and transporting liquefied gases have been a source of heat leakage because they are not completely isolated. . This causes the pressure inside the tank to increase by evaporating the liquid, and this phenomenon becomes unacceptable quickly, leading to the release of the evaporated gas.

그리하여, 액화 가스를 수송하면서 증발에 관한 문제점이 가져야 하는 여러가지 해결책이 고려되어야 한다. 따라서, 증기 추진기가 장착된 메탄 탱커에서, 증발된 가스는 저장 탱크로부터 가열되고, 적절한 기어링을 통해 배의 추진기를 구동하기 위한 증기 회로로 동력을 직접 전달하기 위해 보일러 내에서 연소된다.Thus, various solutions must be taken into account in the problem of evaporation while transporting liquefied gas. Thus, in a methane tanker equipped with a steam propeller, the evaporated gas is heated from the storage tank and burned in the boiler to transfer power directly to the steam circuit for driving the ship's propeller through proper gearing.

그러나, 증기 추진기는 오늘날 디젤 추진기와 같이 보다 큰 에너지 효율을 제공하는 추진 방법으로 점점 대체되어가고 있다. 또한, 다른 방식으로 증발을 제거하는 장치들에 의해 배의 추진기와는 독립적으로 증발 가스를 처리하고자 하는 여러 가지 프로젝트가 존재하게 된다.However, steam propellers are increasingly being replaced by propulsion methods that provide greater energy efficiency, such as diesel propellers today. In addition, several projects exist to treat the evaporation gas independently of the ship's propulsion by devices that remove evaporation in other ways.

예를 들면, 증기를 다시 액화시키고, 그것이 탱크에 다시 재주입되는 것은 공지되고 있다. 그러나, 그 기술은 저장, 수송되는 액화 가스가 순수하지 않을 때 더 복잡하고 고비용인 재액화 유니트의 사용을 필요로 하므로, 일반적으로 증기는 특수 처리되어야 하고, 대기 중으로 파지되어야 할 필요가 있는 응축 불가능한 성분을 포함하므로 안전성 및 환경 보호 차원에서 많은 결점을 가지게 된다.For example, it is known to vaporize vapors again and to reinject them into the tank. However, since the technique requires the use of more complex and expensive reliquefaction units when the liquefied gas being stored and transported is not pure, steam is generally not condensable, which needs to be treated specially and grasped into the atmosphere. The inclusion of ingredients has many drawbacks in terms of safety and environmental protection.

이를 해결하기 위하여 증발된 가스를 재액화시키지 않고, 액화된 가스를 직접 냉장시키는 방법이 알려져 있다. 미합중국 특허 제3,918,265호는 도 3에 도시된 바와 같이, 이러한 방식으로 탱크를 차갑게 유지하는 데 적절한 장치를 예시하고 있다. 도 3을 참조하면, 액화된 가스가 탱크(50) 밖으로 퍼내어지고, 이러한 방식으로 추출된 액화 가스가 1개 이상의 열 교환기(54 및 56)에서 반냉각되고, 그후 탱크(50)에 재주입되며, 가능하면 다른 탱크(52)에 재주입되는 시스템이 도시되어 있다. 즉, 밸브(58, 60, 62 및 64)는 각각 장치를 통해 흐르는 여러 가지 유체를 조절하는 작용을 한다.In order to solve this problem, a method of directly refrigerating a liquefied gas without reliquefying the vaporized gas is known. US Patent No. 3,918,265 illustrates an apparatus suitable for keeping the tank cold in this manner, as shown in FIG. Referring to FIG. 3, the liquefied gas is pumped out of the tank 50, and the liquefied gas extracted in this way is semi-cooled in one or more heat exchangers 54 and 56, and then reinjected into the tank 50. Where possible, a system is reinjected into another tank 52. That is, the valves 58, 60, 62 and 64 each act to regulate the various fluids flowing through the device.

그 해결책은 액화된 가스 압력의 느린 증가를, 즉, 장기간에 걸친 증가를 조절하는 데 있다 (그러한 압력 증가는 LNG에 대해 약 10 mbar/h로 평가될 수 있음). 그러나, 이는 초기에 불량한 열 동력학적 평형 상태에 있는 탱크에 삽입된 액화 가스로 인해 또는 불량하게 냉각된 탱크로 인해 압력의 신속한 증가를 제거하는 데 불충분한 것으로 밝혀졌다. The solution lies in controlling the slow increase in the liquefied gas pressure, ie the increase over time (the pressure increase can be estimated at about 10 mbar / h for LNG). However, this has been found to be insufficient to eliminate the rapid increase in pressure initially due to liquefied gas inserted into a tank that is in poor thermodynamic equilibrium or due to a poorly cooled tank.

보다 상세하게는, 액화 가스를 바다에서 수송할 때(예, 배 위의 LNG 탱커), 난해한 항해 조건이 순간적인 증발을 유도하여 10 mbar/분만큼의 압력을 신속히 증 가시킨다.More specifically, when transporting liquefied gas at sea (eg LNG tankers on board), difficult navigational conditions induce instantaneous evaporation, rapidly increasing the pressure by 10 mbar / min.

본 발명의 목적은 액화 가스를 저장 및 수송하기 위한 냉각 탱크의 보존방법을 제공함으로써 상기 결점을 완화시키는 것으로, 이 방법은 압력의 느린 상승 및 신속한 상승 모두를 적절하게 제어한다. 본 발명의 목적은 그 방법을 구현하기 위한 장치를 제공하는 것으로, 그 장치는 간단하고 매우 저렴하여 현재 알려진 장치들보다 오염에 관한 피해가 적다.
It is an object of the present invention to alleviate this drawback by providing a method of preserving a cooling tank for storing and transporting liquefied gas, which adequately controls both slow and rapid rise in pressure. It is an object of the present invention to provide a device for implementing the method, which is simple and very inexpensive, with less damage to contamination than currently known devices.

이 때문에, 본 발명은 액화 가스를 저장 또는 수송하기 위해 적어도 하나의 탱크에서 냉각을 유지하는 방법을 제공하는 것으로, 탱크 내의 액화된 가스의 일부는 펌프에 의해 추출되고, 이어서, 이러한 방식으로 추출된 액화 가스는 열 교환기에서 반냉각시키고, 이러한 방식으로 반냉각시킨 액화 가스는 탱크에 선택적으로 재주입되는 방법에 의해서, 탱크 내의 가스 일부는 간헐적으로 추출되고, 추출된 가스는 압축기에서 압축되며, 이러한 방식으로 압축된 추출 공기는 열 교환기에서 완전액화되고 반냉각되는 혼합물을 형성하도록 추출된 액화 가스를 주입시키는 것을 특징으로 한다. 본 발명에서는 주로 액체인 냉각용 유체를 수용하도록 고안된 열 교환기가 사용된다.To this end, the present invention provides a method of maintaining cooling in at least one tank for storing or transporting liquefied gas, wherein a portion of the liquefied gas in the tank is extracted by a pump and then extracted in this way. The liquefied gas is semi-cooled in a heat exchanger, and the liquefied gas semi-cooled in this way is selectively reinjected into the tank so that some of the gas in the tank is intermittently extracted and the extracted gas is compressed in a compressor. The compressed air compressed in such a way is characterized by injecting the extracted liquefied gas to form a mixture that is fully liquefied and semi-cooled in a heat exchanger. In the present invention, a heat exchanger designed to receive a cooling fluid which is mainly a liquid is used.

열 교환기로 주입되는 압축된 액체 가스 혼합물은 50 내지 100 몰% 범위, 바람직하게는 70 내지 100 몰% 범위의 액체 함량을 갖는다.The compressed liquid gas mixture injected into the heat exchanger has a liquid content in the range from 50 to 100 mol%, preferably in the range from 70 to 100 mol%.

가스는 압축된 후에 액화 가스의 플로우에 주입함으로써 압력 상승이 서서히 이루어지거나 또는 신속히 이루어지는 지와는 무관하게 제어할 수 있다.The gas can be controlled regardless of whether the pressure rises slowly or rapidly by injecting into the flow of liquefied gas after compression.

본 발명방법은 복수개의 탱크를 포함하는 세트에 적용될 수 있다. 그러한 상황 하에, 압축된 액체/가스 혼합물이 1개 이상의 탱크로부터 취해지고, 열 교환기에서 완전히 액화되고 반냉각시킨 후, 적어도 하나의 탱크로 재주입시킨다.The method can be applied to a set comprising a plurality of tanks. Under such circumstances, the compressed liquid / gas mixture is taken from one or more tanks, completely liquefied and semi-cooled in a heat exchanger, and then reinjected into at least one tank.

또한, 본 발명은 첫째로 액체(LIQ) 및 가스(BOG)를 함유하는 적어도 하나의 액화 가스 탱크 및 둘째로 입구가 펌프 및 액체 배출 파이프를 통해 탱크의 액체 레벨과 소통하고, 출구가 조절 밸브를 통해 통과한 후 탱크와 소통하는 열 교환기를 포함하는 방법을 구현하는 장치를 제공하는 것으로, 이 장치는, 완전히 액화되고 반냉각된 혼합물이 탱크에 재주입되어 그의 내용물을 냉각시킴으로써 압력 상승을 제어하는 방식으로, 가스 레벨에서 탱크와 소통하는 입구를 갖고 그의 출구는 주입기 시스템을 통해 입구에서 열 교환기로 액체 배출 파이프와 소통하는 압축기를 추가로 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다. 유리하게도, 열 교환기는 주로 액체인 냉각용 유체를 수용하도록 고안된 열 교환기를 포함한다.In addition, the present invention firstly provides at least one liquefied gas tank containing liquid (LIQ) and gas (BOG), and secondly, the inlet communicates with the liquid level of the tank via a pump and a liquid discharge pipe, and the outlet controls the control valve. Provided is a device that embodies a method comprising a heat exchanger in communication with a tank after passing through, wherein the device is configured to control pressure rise by completely injecting a fully liquefied and semi-cooled mixture into the tank to cool its contents. In a manner, the inlet communicating with the tank at the gas level, the outlet further comprising a compressor in communication with the liquid discharge pipe from the inlet to the heat exchanger via the injector system. Advantageously, the heat exchanger comprises a heat exchanger designed to receive a cooling fluid which is mainly a liquid.

바람직하게는, 열 교환기에 주입되는 압축된 액체 가스 혼합물은 50 내지 100 몰% 범위, 바람직하게는 70 내지 100 몰% 범위의 액체 함량을 갖는 것이 바람직하다.Preferably, the compressed liquid gas mixture injected into the heat exchanger preferably has a liquid content in the range of 50 to 100 mol%, preferably in the range of 70 to 100 mol%.

열 교환기는 가스상 질소 또는 탱크로부터 나오는 기체의 혼합물과 같이 그 곳을 통과하는 냉각 유체를 가질 수 있다. 유리하게도, 이 열 교환기는 주입된 압축 액체/가스 혼합물을 1℃ 내지 20℃, 바람직하게는 3℃ 내지 17℃ 만큼 냉각시키도록 구성된다.The heat exchanger may have a cooling fluid passing there, such as gaseous nitrogen or a mixture of gases exiting the tank. Advantageously, this heat exchanger is configured to cool the injected compressed liquid / gas mixture by 1 ° C-20 ° C, preferably 3 ° C-17 ° C.

열 교환기로부터 나오는 완전히 액화되고 반냉각된 혼합물은 가스(BOG) 및/또는 액체(LIQ) 상태로 재주입된다.The fully liquefied and semi-cooled mixture from the heat exchanger is reinjected in the gas (BOG) and / or liquid (LIQ) state.

본 발명의 냉각 탱크 장치에 있어서, 완전히 액화되고 반냉각된 혼합물을 탱크로 복귀시키기 위한 귀환 파이프에 배설한 중간 저장 용적계는 열 교환기의 출구와 조절 밸브 사이에 위치한다.In the cooling tank apparatus of the present invention, an intermediate storage volume meter disposed in the return pipe for returning the fully liquefied and semi-cooled mixture to the tank is located between the outlet of the heat exchanger and the control valve.

본 발명에 사용되는 액화 가스는 액화 천연 가스(LNG), 액화 석유 가스(LPG), 암모니아, 수소 등과 같이 주변 온도보다 더 낮은 온도에서 액체상태로 구입할 수 있는 가스로 구성될 수 있다. 본 발명은 예를 들면 천연 가스 또는 수소와 같이 15℃의 표준 온도에서 또는 어떤 압력에서든지 액체 형태로 입수할 수 없는 가스들에 대해 특히 유리한 방식으로 적용될 수 있다.The liquefied gas used in the present invention may be composed of a gas that can be purchased in a liquid state at a temperature lower than the ambient temperature, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), ammonia, hydrogen, and the like. The invention can be applied in a particularly advantageous manner for gases which are not available in liquid form at any pressure or at a standard temperature of 15 ° C., for example natural gas or hydrogen.

액화 가스가 액화 석유 가스(LPG)로 구성될 때, 열 교환기는 프로필렌, 프레온, HCFC, 또는 탱크로부터 나온 기체와 같은 냉각 유체로 구성된다.When the liquefied gas consists of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), the heat exchanger consists of a cooling fluid, such as propylene, freon, HCFC, or gas from the tank.

본 발명의 특징 및 장점은 첨부된 도면을 참조하고, 비제한적인 지시에 의해 제공된 하기의 상세한 설명으로부터 보다 명백해질 수 있다.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description, given by reference to the accompanying drawings and by way of non-limiting indication.

도 1은 액화된 천연 가스(LNG)의 액화 가스를 저장 또는 수송하기 위한 본 발명에 따른 장치를 보여준다. 이 장치는 액체(12) 및 가스를 함유하는 탱크(10)를 가지며, 통상적인 방식으로, 이 탱크는 내부에 저장된 액체 및 가스가 열 누출을 제한하기 위한 여러 가지 열 절연 구조물을 가진다. 액체 분리 표면(14) 상에는 증기 또는 "연료 증발 가스(BOG)"로 구성된 저장 가스를 함유하는 추가의 공간인 가스(16)가 존재한다. 펌프(18)는 탱크 내부에 액체(12) 중에서, 실질적으로 그의 하위 부분에(탱크의 바닥) 배치되지만, 탱크(10) 외부를 포함하여, 액체를 배출하기 위한 액체 배출 파이프(20)의 제 1 단부에 접속되고, 그의 다른 단부가 예를 들면 가스상 질소 또는 탱크로부터 나오는 기질의 혼합물과 함께 제 2 입구와 제 2 출구 사이를 통해 통과하는 냉각 유체(냉장 유체)를 갖는 열 교환기(22)의 제 1 입구에 접속되는 일부 다른 위치에 놓일 수도 있다. 열 교환기(22)로부터 제 1 출구는 제 2 단부가 조절 밸브(26)를 통해 통과한 후 탱크로(탱크가 충전되는 특정 레벨에 따라, 액체 및/또는 증발 가스로) 들어가게 되는 귀환 파이프(24)의 제 1 단부와 접속하게 된다.1 shows an apparatus according to the invention for storing or transporting a liquefied gas of liquefied natural gas (LNG). The apparatus has a tank 10 containing a liquid 12 and a gas, and in a conventional manner, the tank has various thermal insulation structures for the liquid and gas stored therein to limit heat leakage. On the liquid separation surface 14 there is a gas 16 which is an additional space containing a storage gas consisting of steam or "fuel evaporation gas (BOG)". The pump 18 is arranged inside the tank, substantially in its lower part (bottom of the tank), but includes the outside of the tank 10, so that the pump of the liquid discharge pipe 20 for discharging the liquid is provided. Of the heat exchanger 22 having a cooling fluid (refrigerating fluid) connected to one end, the other end passing through between the second inlet and the second outlet, for example, with a mixture of gaseous nitrogen or a substrate exiting from the tank. It may be placed in some other position that is connected to the first inlet. The first outlet from the heat exchanger 22 enters the return pipe 24 through which the second end passes through the control valve 26 and into the tank (depending on the particular level at which the tank is filled, into liquid and / or evaporating gas). Is connected to the first end.

본 발명에서, 이 장치는 가스(16)로서, 실질적으로는 그의 상부 위치에서(탱크의 상부) 탱크(10) 내부와 소통하는 한쪽 단부를 갖고, 그의 다른 단부가 밸브(31)를 통해 통과한 후 압축기(36)의 입구와 접속되는 제2 파이프(34)를 추가로 포함한다. 압축기(36)는 냉각 시스템에 연결될 수 있다. 압축기(36)의 출구는 액체를 배출하기 위해 주입기 시스템(35)을 통해 액체 배출 파이프(20)와 소통한다.In the present invention, the device is a gas 16 which has one end in communication with the interior of the tank 10 substantially at its upper position (top of the tank), the other end of which has passed through the valve 31. And a second pipe 34 which is then connected to the inlet of the compressor 36. Compressor 36 may be connected to a cooling system. The outlet of the compressor 36 communicates with the liquid discharge pipe 20 through the injector system 35 to discharge the liquid.

조절 밸브(26 및 31), 및 압축기(36)는 모두 적절한 조절기(28)에 의해 제어됨으로써 액체가 탱크로 재주입되고, 가스(16)의 간헐적인 배출은 액체(12) 및 가스(16)의 가열원인인 열 유출에 맞서는 재주입된 액체의 반냉각에 따라 탱크 내부의 압력이 조절되게 된다. 중간저장 용적계(30)는 냉각된 액체를 역으로 공급함으로써 장치를 작동시키는 데 보다 큰 유연성을 제공하도록 열교환기(22)로부터 출구와 조절 밸브(26) 사이의 탱크(10)로의 뒷 길의 귀환 파이프(24) 상에 위치할 수 있게 된다. 또한, 밸브(32)를 부가함으로써 필요할 경우, 중간 저장 용적계(30)에 함유된 가스를 추출할 수 있게 된다.The regulating valves 26 and 31, and the compressor 36, are all controlled by an appropriate regulator 28 so that the liquid is reinjected into the tank, and the intermittent discharge of the gas 16 results in the liquid 12 and the gas 16. The pressure inside the tank is adjusted according to the semi-cooling of the re-injected liquid against the heat leakage, which is the cause of heating. The intermediate storage volume meter 30 returns the back path from the heat exchanger 22 to the tank 10 between the outlet and the control valve 26 to provide greater flexibility in operating the device by feeding the cooled liquid back. It can be located on the pipe (24). In addition, by adding the valve 32, it is possible to extract the gas contained in the intermediate storage volume meter 30, if necessary.

본 발명 장치에 의해 구현되는 방법은 먼저 외부 냉장 시스템으로부터 나온 냉각 액체에 의해 반냉각되는 경우 액체 배출 파이프(20)에 의해 열 교환기(22)로 전달되는 액체(12)의 일부를 추출하기 위해 펌프(18)를 사용하는 것으로 이루어진다. 열 교환기로부터 출구에서, 반냉각된 액체는 귀환 파이프(24)에 의해 탱크(10) 쪽으로 전달되어 액체가 중간 저장 용적계(30)에 직접적으로 또는 임의의 중간 저장 후에 선택적으로 재주입된다. 냉각된 액체의 이러한 순환은 느린 압력 상승을 제어하기 위해 매우 단순한 방식으로 작용한다. 따라서, 예를 들면, 135,000 m3의 용량을 갖고, 비교적 큰 질소 함량(액체로 약 1.2 몰%)을 갖는 LNG를 수송하는 메탄 탱커를 위해, 이 탱크는 1℃ 내지 20℃ 범위(바람직하게는 3℃ 내지 17℃ 범위)로 놓인 양만큼 반냉각된 수백 m3/h의 LNG의 플로우에 의해 냉각 유지될 수 있다. 보다 정확하게는, 탱크에 액체를 재주입하기 전에 11℃ 만큼 반냉각된 150 m3/h의LNG가 대기 중으로의 임의의 배출 없이 장기간 동안 탱크를 냉각 유지시키는 기능을 잘 수행한다. LNG를 순환시키는 속도는 1개 이상의 재순환 펌프(분무 펌프)에 의해 또는 가능하게는 메탄 탱커가 장착된 종래 유형의 언로딩 펌프들 중의 하나를 사용함으로써 간단히 얻어질 수 있다.The method embodied by the apparatus of the present invention first pumps to extract a portion of the liquid 12 that is delivered to the heat exchanger 22 by the liquid discharge pipe 20 when it is semi-cooled by the cooling liquid from the external refrigeration system. It consists of using 18. At the exit from the heat exchanger, the semi-cooled liquid is delivered by the return pipe 24 towards the tank 10 so that the liquid is selectively reinjected directly into the intermediate storage volume 30 or after any intermediate storage. This circulation of the cooled liquid works in a very simple way to control the slow pressure rise. Thus, for example, for a methane tanker having a capacity of 135,000 m 3 and transporting LNG with a relatively large nitrogen content (about 1.2 mol% in liquid), this tank is in the range of 1 ° C. to 20 ° C. (preferably Cooling by a flow of hundreds of m 3 / h of LNG semi-cooled by an amount lying in the range of 3 ° C. to 17 ° C.). More precisely, 150 m 3 / h of LNG, semi-cooled by 11 ° C., before re-injecting liquid into the tank, performs well to keep the tank cool for a long time without any discharge to the atmosphere. The rate of circulating LNG can be obtained simply by one or more recycle pumps (spray pumps) or by using one of the conventional types of unloading pumps possibly equipped with a methane tanker.

불행하게도, 액체의 이러한 재순환은 빠른 압력 상승을 자력으로 제어하는 데는 충분치 못하다. 상기 방법은 증발 가스(16)의 일부가 간헐적으로 추출되고, 순차로 열 교환기(22)에서 냉각된 후 액체 배출 파이프(20) 내에서 순환하는 LNG 플로우로 주입기 시스템(35)을 통해 압축된 후(압축기(36) 내에서) 재주입되는 점에서 개선되었다. 열 교환기로 도입되는 플로우는 가스 플로우가 LNG 플로우에 완전히 희석된 경우 액체의 플로우이거나 또는 보다 일반적으로는 주요 액체 함량이 50 내지 100몰% 범위, 보다 바람직하게는 70 내지 100몰% 범위로 놓인 액체 및 가스의 플로우이다. 그러한 상황하에, 열 교환기는 단순한 구조이기는 하나, 소량의 가스가 존재하기 때문에 당연히 2상 열 교환기이다. 따라서, 메탄 탱커의 상기 예로 돌아가서, 10mbar/분의 압력 상승에 거스르는 것이 2,800kg/h의 BOG의 플로우를 150 m3/h의 액체의 플로우에 주입하는 것에 상당하는 것을 알 수 있다. 그의 액체 함량이 98몰%인 혼합물이 완전히 액화되고 13℃ 만큼 냉각된 열 교환기에 주입하고, 그 후 -177℃의 온도에서, 즉 대기압에서 메탄의 결정 온도인 약 -182.6℃보다 더 높은 온도에서 탱크로 재주입한다.Unfortunately, this recycling of liquid is not enough to magnetically control the rapid pressure rise. The method involves a portion of the boil-off gas 16 being intermittently extracted and subsequently compressed through the injector system 35 into an LNG flow that is cooled in the heat exchanger 22 and then circulated in the liquid discharge pipe 20. It was improved in that it was re-injected (in compressor 36). The flow introduced into the heat exchanger is a flow of liquid when the gas flow is completely diluted in the LNG flow or more generally a liquid whose main liquid content is in the range of 50 to 100 mol%, more preferably in the range of 70 to 100 mol% And gas flow. Under such circumstances, the heat exchanger is of simple construction, but of course a two-phase heat exchanger because of the small amount of gas present. Thus, returning to the above example of a methane tanker, it can be seen that countering the pressure rise of 10 mbar / min corresponds to injecting a flow of BOG of 2,800 kg / h into a flow of liquid of 150 m 3 / h. The mixture, whose liquid content is 98 mol%, is injected into a heat exchanger that has been completely liquefied and cooled by 13 ° C., and then at a temperature of −177 ° C., ie at a temperature higher than about −182.6 ° C., the crystal temperature of methane at atmospheric pressure. Refill into the tank.

본 발명의 구조에 따라, 대기 중으로 임의의 침해되는 쓰레기의 덤핑 없이 탱크("벌크") 내의 조합된 액체 및 증발된 가스에 의해 우수한 열 교환이 얻어진다. 또한, 배 위에서 사용하는 데 필요한 장비는 상기한 바와 같이 배에 현존하는 장비, 특히 펌프 또는 압축기를 사용할 수 있기 때문에 매우 저렴하다.According to the structure of the present invention, good heat exchange is obtained by the combined liquid and evaporated gas in the tank (“bulk”) without dumping any intrusive waste into the atmosphere. In addition, the equipment required for use on board the ship is very inexpensive, as it is possible to use the existing equipment on the ship, in particular pumps or compressors, as described above.

도 2는 본 발명의 방법이 탱크 세트에 적용될 수도 있는 것을 나타내는 도 1의 장치의 예를 나타낸다. 충족된(98%) 제 1 탱크 다음에, 거의 비어있고, 액체를 함유하는 구역(42), 액체/가스 분리 표면(44) 및 가스를 함유하는 구역(46)을 갖는 제2 탱크(40)를 볼 수 있다. 2개의 탱크 사이에 있는 덕트(48)는 가스를 함유하는 2개의 구역을 소통시킨다. 제2 탱크는 거의 비어있기 때문에, 반냉각된 압축된 액체/가스 혼합물이 이러한 탱크(40) 내의 가스로 반드시 재주입되는 것을 관찰하게 될 것이다.2 shows an example of the apparatus of FIG. 1 showing that the method of the present invention may be applied to a tank set. Second tank 40 having a substantially empty, liquid containing zone 42, a liquid / gas separation surface 44, and a gas containing zone 46, followed by a satisfied (98%) first tank. Can be seen. Ducts 48 between the two tanks communicate two zones containing gas. Since the second tank is nearly empty, it will be observed that the semi-cooled compressed liquid / gas mixture is necessarily reinjected into the gas in this tank 40.

도시된 모든 실시예는 액화된 천연 가스(LNG)를 저장하는 것과 특히 관련되지만, 본 발명은 주변 온도보다 더 낮은 온도에서 액체 형태로 입수할 수 있는 임의의 유형의 가스, 예를 들면 액화 석유 가스(LPG), 암모니아, 수소 등에 대해 구현될 수 있음을 관찰하게 될 것이다.While all illustrated embodiments relate in particular to the storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG), the present invention relates to any type of gas, such as liquefied petroleum gas, available in liquid form at temperatures lower than ambient temperature. (LPG), ammonia, hydrogen and the like will be observed.

이상 설명한 바와 같이 본 발명에서는 액화가스를 저장 및 수송하기 위한 냉각탱크의 보존방법을 제공함으로써, 압력의 느린 상승 및 신속한 상승에 대해 각각 적합한 제어가 이루어질수 있도록 하며 이에 따라 증발된 액화가스를 대기중에 방출하지 않고 재활용 할 수 있게 되므로 환경보호 차원에서도 크게 기여하게 되는 것이다.




As described above, the present invention provides a method for preserving a cooling tank for storing and transporting liquefied gas, so that appropriate control can be achieved for slow and rapid rise of pressure, thereby releasing vaporized liquefied gas into the atmosphere. Because it can be recycled without using it, it also contributes greatly to environmental protection.




Claims (14)

탱크(10) 내의 액화된 가스의 일부는 펌프(18)에 의해 추출하고, 이어서, 추출된 액화 가스는 열 교환기(22)에서 반냉각시킨 다음, 이러한 방식으로 반냉각된 액화 가스를 탱크에 선택적으로 재주입하는 액화가스의 저장 또는 수송 방법에 있어서, 탱크 내의 가스(16)의 일부는 역시 간헐적으로 추출되고, 이러한 방식으로 추출된 가스는 압축기(36)에서 압축되고, 이러한 방식으로 압축된 공기는 열 교환기에서 완전히 액화되고 반냉각되는 혼합물을 형성하도록 추출된 액화 가스로 주입되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 액화 가스를 저장 또는 수송하기 위한 냉각탱크의 보존 방법.A portion of the liquefied gas in the tank 10 is extracted by the pump 18, and then the extracted liquefied gas is semi-cooled in the heat exchanger 22, and then the semi-cooled liquefied gas in this manner is selectively applied to the tank. In the method of storing or transporting liquefied gas which is re-injected into the gas, a part of the gas 16 in the tank is also intermittently extracted, and the gas extracted in this way is compressed in the compressor 36 and the air compressed in this way. Is injected into a liquefied gas extracted to form a mixture that is fully liquefied and semi-cooled in a heat exchanger. 청구항 1에 있어서, 주로 액체인 냉각용 유체를 수용하도록 고안된 열 교환기(22)으로 구현되는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉각탱크의 보존 방법.The method of claim 1, wherein the cooling tank is embodied by a heat exchanger (22) designed to receive a predominantly liquid cooling fluid. 청구항 2에 있어서, 열 교환기(22)로 주입되는 압축된 액체/가스 혼합물은 50 내지 100 몰% 범위의 액체함량을 가짐을 특징으로 하는 냉각탱크의 보존방법.The method of claim 2, wherein the compressed liquid / gas mixture injected into the heat exchanger (22) has a liquid content in the range of 50 to 100 mol%. 청구항 1 내지 3중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 복수개의 탱크(10, 40)의 세트에 적용되고, 압축된 액체/가스 혼합물이 적어도 하나의 탱크(10)로부터 취해지고, 열 교환기(22)에서 완전히 액화되고 반냉각된 후, 적어도 하나의 탱크(10, 40)로 재주입되는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉각탱크의 보존방법.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is applied to a set of a plurality of tanks 10, 40, a compressed liquid / gas mixture is taken from at least one tank 10 and completely in the heat exchanger 22. After liquefied and semi-cooled, re-injected into at least one tank (10, 40). 액체(12) 및 가스(16)를 함유하는 적어도 하나의 액화 가스 탱크(10, 40)와, 그 입구는 펌프(18) 및 액체 배출 파이프(20)를 통해 탱크의 액체(12)와 연결되고, 그 출구는 조절 밸브(26)를 통과한 후 탱크(10)와 연결되는 열 교환기(22)를 포함하는 장치에 있어서,At least one liquefied gas tank (10, 40) containing liquid (12) and gas (16), the inlet of which is connected with the liquid (12) of the tank via a pump (18) and a liquid discharge pipe (20); In the apparatus, the outlet comprises a heat exchanger (22) connected to the tank (10) after passing through the control valve (26), 상기 장치는 탱크(10, 40) 내의 가스(16)와 연결되는 입구를 갖고, 그의 출구는 열 교환기(22) 입구에 있는 주입기 시스템(35)을 통해 액체 배출 파이프(20)와 연결되는 압축기(36)를 추가로 포함하여, 상기 탱크로부터 추출되어 완전히 액화되고 반냉각된 혼합물이 상기 탱크에 재주입되어 그의 내용물을 냉각시킴으로써 압력 상승을 제어하는 방식으로 됨을 특징으로 하는 냉각 유지 장치.The apparatus has an inlet connected with the gas 16 in the tanks 10, 40, the outlet of which is connected with the liquid discharge pipe 20 via an injector system 35 at the inlet of the heat exchanger 22. And 36), wherein the fully liquefied and semi-cooled mixture extracted from the tank is reinjected into the tank and cooled in such a way that the pressure rise is controlled. 청구항 5에 있어서, 열 교환기(22)는 주로 액체인 냉각용 유체를 수용하도록 고안된 것임을 특징으로 하는 냉각 유지 장치.6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the heat exchanger (22) is designed to receive a cooling fluid which is primarily a liquid. 청구항 6에 있어서, 열 교환기(22)로 주입되는 압축된 액체/가스 혼합물은 50 내지 100 몰% 범위, 바람직하게는 70 내지 100 몰% 범위의 액체 함량을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉각 유지 장치.7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the compressed liquid / gas mixture injected into the heat exchanger (22) has a liquid content in the range of 50 to 100 mol%, preferably in the range of 70 to 100 mol%. 청구항 5에 있어서, 열 교환기(22)는 가스상 질소 또는 탱크로부터 The heat exchanger (22) of claim 5, wherein the heat exchanger (22) is 나오는 기질의 혼합물 등과 같이 그것을 통과시키는 냉각 유체를 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉각 유지 장치.And a cooling fluid passing through it, such as a mixture of substrates coming out. 청구항 8에 있어서, 열 교환기(22)는 주입된 압축 액체/가스 혼합물을 1℃ 내지 20℃ 만큼 냉각시키도록 구성됨을 특징으로 하는 냉각 유지 장치.The device of claim 8, wherein the heat exchanger is configured to cool the injected compressed liquid / gas mixture by 1 ° C. to 20 ° C. 10. 청구항 5에 있어서, 완전히 액화되고 반냉각된 혼합물을 탱크(10)로 복귀시키기 위한 귀환 파이프(24) 상에 배치된 중간 저장 용적계(30)를 추가로 포함하고, 이 용적계는 열 교환기(22)로부터 출구와 조절 밸브(26) 사이에 위치하도록 된 것을 특징으로 하는 냉각 유지 장치.The system of claim 5, further comprising an intermediate storage volume meter 30 disposed on the return pipe 24 for returning the fully liquefied and semi-cooled mixture to the tank 10, the volume meter being a heat exchanger 22. Cooling maintenance device, characterized in that it is positioned between the outlet and the control valve (26). 청구항 5에 있어서, 열 교환기(22)로부터 완전히 액화되고 반냉각된 혼합물이 그의 액체(12) 및(또는) 그의 가스(16) 레벨로 탱크(10, 40)에 재주입시킴을 특징으로 하는 냉각 유지 장치.6. The cooling according to claim 5, wherein the fully liquefied and semi-cooled mixture from the heat exchanger 22 is reinjected into the tanks 10, 40 at their liquid 12 and / or gas 16 levels thereof. Retaining device. 청구항 5 내지 11 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 액화 가스는 천연 가스 또는 수소와 같이 15℃의 표준 온도에서 및 어떤 압력에서든지 액체 형태로 입수할 수 없는 가스로 구성됨을 특징으로 하는 냉각 유지 장치.The device of claim 5, wherein the liquefied gas consists of a gas that is not available in liquid form at any pressure and at a standard temperature of 15 ° C., such as natural gas or hydrogen. 청구항 5 내지 7, 10 및 11 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 액화 가스가 액화 석유 가스(LPG)로 구성됨을 특징으로 하는 냉각 유지 장치.The apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 7, 10 and 11, wherein the liquefied gas is composed of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). 청구항 13에 있어서, 열 교환기(22)는 프로필렌, 프레온, HCFC, 또는 탱크로부터 나온 물질과 같이 그를 통해 통과하는 냉각 유체로 이루어짐을 특징으로 하는 냉각 유지 장치The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the heat exchanger 22 consists of a cooling fluid passing through it, such as propylene, freon, HCFC, or material from a tank.
KR1020000020390A 1999-04-20 2000-04-18 A method and apparatus for keeping cold tanks for storing or transporting a liquefied gas KR100696079B1 (en)

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