KR100665280B1 - Optical experimental equipment of reflection and refraction - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a light reflection and refraction experiment apparatus, and more particularly, by injecting the laser light into the space filled with smoke and the reflection plate formed, it is possible to clearly observe the optical path of the incident and reflected laser light It is possible to easily perform the reflection experiment of the light reflection and refraction experiment apparatus that can easily perform the refraction experiment of light by setting different media states.

In the present invention, one side is opened in a cylindrical shape, the side is formed with a transparent material incident window 34 so that the signal light is incident by the external laser output device 40, the inner side borders partitioned on both sides with a diameter boundary The membrane 31 is divided into a first medium portion 32 and a second medium portion 33, and the bottom surface of the first medium portion 32 and the second medium portion 33 is a non-transparent material. Consists of a cylinder 30, the opening and closing to seal the opening of the medium cylinder 30, the upper surface is a transparent material that can observe the optical path formed in the inside of the medium cylinder 30 to the optical path The angle scale 12 is formed to measure the angle of the light by the side, the side is characterized in that it comprises an angle measuring unit 10 formed of a non-transparent material for blocking the incident light of the outside. .

Optical, reflection, refraction, scattering, angle, medium, gas, liquid

Description

Light reflection and refraction experiment apparatus {OPTICAL EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT OF REFLECTION AND REFRACTION}

1 is an exploded perspective view of a light reflection and refraction experiment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention,

2a is a structural diagram of an angle measuring unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

2b is a structural diagram of a medium container according to one embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a structural diagram of a reflector according to an embodiment of the present invention;

4A and 4B are light path diagrams for explaining refraction experiments using a light reflection and refraction test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

5A and 5B are light path diagrams for explaining a total reflection test using a light reflection and refraction test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

6 is a state diagram of a reflection experiment using a light reflection and refraction experiment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

7a and 7b is a state diagram of the diffuse reflection experiment using the light reflection and refraction experiment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention,

8 is a side view for explaining the optical path of the laser in the refraction experiment using the light reflection and refraction experiment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

9A and 9B are state diagrams of refraction experiments using a light reflection and refraction test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

<Description of Symbols for Main Parts of Drawings>

10: angle measuring section 11: black side

12: angle scale 20: reflector

21: diffused black plate 22: diffused white plate

23: specular reflection plate 30: medium container

31: membrane 32: first medium portion

33: second medium portion 34: entrance window

35: sealed cock 36: scattering material inlet

37: black side 38: reflector plate fastening portion

40: laser output 41: incident light

42: refractive light 43: reflected light

44, 45: diffuse reflection

The present invention relates to a light reflection and refraction experiment apparatus, and more particularly, by injecting the laser light into the space filled with smoke and the reflection plate formed, it is possible to clearly observe the optical path of the incident and reflected laser light It is possible to easily perform the reflection experiment, and also to the light reflection and refraction experiment apparatus that can easily perform the refraction experiment of light by setting different media states.

In general, the experiment on the reflection of light is an experiment to measure the incident angle and the reflection angle by reflecting the laser light to the protractor mirror using a laser printer with excellent straightness. However, when the reflection experiment is performed in the daytime laboratory, the path of the laser light cannot be accurately observed, and thus the efficiency of the experiment decreases, and the angle is displayed at 0 to 180 °, which may cause confusion for the students.

On the other hand, the experiment on the refraction of light is made by injecting the laser light into a water tank containing water and drawing the path of progress with a pen, and then using the general protractor (protractor that can measure the angle in the range of 0 ~ 180 °). Since the angle must be measured, the process is complicated and time-consuming, but it is difficult to accurately measure the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction.

In this regard, Korean Utility Model Registration No.0301318 (2003.01.06, Name of Invention: Light Refraction and Total Reflection Experimental Device) allows the students to observe and test light refraction and total reflection through a simple experimental procedure in the classroom. An apparatus for improving the comprehension of is disclosed. That is, the apparatus for refraction and total reflection of light comprises a first circular plate with a circular protractor, a second circular plate spaced from the first circular plate at a predetermined distance, and a cylindrical guide attached to surround the first and second circular plates. The cylindrical guide is formed with an opening sealed by a sealing member. Therefore, water is supplied through the opening to coincide with the horizontal line of the circular protractor, and the laser beam is incident through the cylindrical guide to perform a refraction experiment of light generated while passing through water and air.

However, since the light refraction and total reflection experiment apparatus is difficult to accurately observe the optical path in the air, the efficiency of the experiment may be lowered and there is a problem in that refraction between the two liquid media cannot be observed. In addition, the experiment should be performed in a fixed and standing state, and the posture may be inconvenient for the experimenter to see the scale while shooting the laser light due to the angular scale drawn in only one direction.

On the other hand, there is a problem that a separate device must be used to perform the reflection experiment.

The present invention is to solve the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a light reflection and refraction experiment apparatus that can be observed simply and clearly the operation of the specular and diffuse reflection of light and the refraction of light. In other words, the scattering material formed of fine particles is filled in the first medium so that the optical path can be clearly observed, and the incident angle of the light passing through the first medium to the mirror and the reflection angle of the light reflected to the mirror are easily measured. It is an object of the present invention to provide a light reflection and refraction experiment apparatus. In addition, by providing a material having the same or different absolute refractive index to the first medium portion and the second medium portion to provide a light reflection and refraction experiment apparatus that can easily observe the refractive or total reflection phenomenon of the light.

In addition, two angles are divided from 0 ° to 90 ° around the periphery to easily measure the incident angle formed by the incident light, the reflection angle and the refraction angle, and two lines vertically symmetrical so that the viewer can easily read the angle in any direction. The purpose is to provide a light reflection and refraction experiment apparatus with the angle scale formed by the number of.

According to the present invention, one side is opened in a cylindrical shape, the side is formed with a transparent material incident window so that the signal light from the external laser output is incident, the inner side is the first medium portion by the boundary film partitioned on both sides with a diameter boundary And a second medium portion, wherein the bottom surface of the first medium portion and the second medium portion is composed of a non-permeable medium cylinder, and is opened and closed to seal the opening of the medium cylinder, and an upper surface thereof is formed inside the medium cylinder. A transparent material for observing the optical path formed is formed an angle scale for measuring the angle of the light by the optical path, the side is an angle formed of a non-transmissive material for blocking the incident of external noise light Characterized in that it comprises a measuring unit.

In addition, the boundary layer has a high light transmittance and a thin film form, and has an absolute refractive index greater than that of the first medium portion and the second medium portion, and further includes a reflecting plate inserted into one side of the boundary layer, wherein the reflecting plate includes: A specular reflector for specularly reflecting light and at least one specular reflector for specularly reflecting light are formed.

Also preferably, the angular scale is divided from the first quadrant to the fourth quadrant, the first and second quadrants are displayed at a predetermined interval from 0 ° to 90 °, 90 ° to 0 °, and the third and fourth quadrants are the first quadrant. It is formed to be symmetrical to the two quadrants, it is preferable that the formed angle scale and the upper and lower symmetric angle scale is further formed.

In addition, it is preferable that the side of the medium cylinder is further formed with a scattering material inlet penetrating the first medium portion or the second medium portion, further comprising a sealing cock for opening and closing the scattering material inlet.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail the light reflection and refraction experiment apparatus of the present invention.

1 is an exploded perspective view of a light reflection and refraction experiment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2a is a structural diagram of the angle measuring unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2b is an embodiment of the present invention 3 is a structural diagram of a reflector according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figures 4a and 4b is a light of the light for explaining the refraction experiment using the light reflection and refraction experiment apparatus according to the present invention 5A and 5B are path diagrams for explaining the total reflection experiment using the light reflection and refraction test apparatus according to the present invention.

In the light reflection and refraction experiment apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 30 and an angle measuring unit 10 for opening and closing the opening of the medium cylinder 30.

The angle measuring unit 10 has a top surface formed of a transparent material capable of observing an optical path formed in the inside of the medium cylinder 30, and has a non-transparent material side to block incidence of external noise light. It is formed and configured. At this time, in the present invention, the black side 11 was coated with black. In addition, an angle scale 12 is formed at the periphery of the upper surface to measure an incident angle, a reflection angle, and a refraction angle formed by the incident light, and a fastening groove 13 has a predetermined depth inside the black side surface 11. ) Is formed. At this time, the angular scale 12 is divided from one quadrant to four quadrants, and the first and second quadrants are displayed from 0 ° to 90 °, 90 ° to 0 °, and the third and fourth quadrants are the first and second quadrants. An angular scale 12 is formed to be symmetrical to the quadrant, and the position of 90 ° is made to coincide with the fastening groove 13. In addition, the angular scale 12 is formed by two lines of numbers symmetrically arranged up and down so that the viewer can easily read the angle in any direction, and the central reference line 24 is shown in the center portion.

The inside of the medium cylinder 30 is partitioned into a first medium portion 32 and a second medium portion 33 by a boundary membrane 31 mounted at a predetermined height on an inner diameter, and side surfaces of the medium cylinder 30 are signal light from the outside. The incident window 34, which is transparent in the center portion, and the black surface 37 for blocking the incident of noise light are formed on the upper and lower portions of the incident window 34 so as to be incident. At this time, the upper black surface 37 is preferably formed of a non-transparent material, it is formed at the same height as the black side surface (11). In addition, the incident window 34 is formed with a scattering material inlet 36 penetrating the first medium portion 32 or the second medium portion 33, the scattering material inlet 36 is a closed cock (35) It is opened and closed by. Therefore, the smoke formed of the fine particles is injected into the first medium part 32 through the scattering material inlet 36 so that the path of the laser light can be clearly observed. In addition, the second medium portion 33 may be subjected to the refraction experiment of light by inputting a liquid medium having a different absolute refractive index from the medium set in the first medium portion 32.

On the other hand, a fastening bar 39 protruding to a predetermined height is formed on the upper black surface 37 of the side connected to the boundary membrane 31 so that the angle measuring unit 10 is coupled to the medium cylinder 30. Inserted into the fastening groove 13 so that the reference point of the angle is always kept constant. One side of the boundary layer 31 is further provided with a reflector plate fastening portion 38 such that the reflector 20 for reflecting light is inserted in close contact with the boundary layer 31. In addition, a support bar 25 protruding to a predetermined height is formed at a lower portion of the fastening bar 39 formed on the black surface 37 to easily detach the combined angle measuring unit 10 from the medium cylinder 30. Make sure

The bottom surface of the first medium portion 32 and the second medium portion 33 formed as described above is coated with a non-transparent material or black to reduce the reflection of light and to more clearly observe the path of the laser light. do.

The boundary layer 31 is a medium that borders the first medium portion 32 and the second medium portion 33, and should not affect the refraction experiment of light. In other words, in the refraction experiment, the material of the boundary layer 31 should not affect the refraction angle, and in the case of the diffuse reflection test, the reflection should not affect the occurrence of diffuse reflection.

First, the case of the refraction experiment. FIG. 4A is for explaining the refraction of light. The incidence angle θ ₁ and the refraction angle θ ₂ with respect to the normal line perpendicular to the incidence point are referred to. According to Snell's law of refraction, the relationship of n1sinθ ₁ = n2sinθ ₂ is established between the refractive index of each medium, the angle of incidence, and the angle of refraction. On the other hand if the other medium is parallel to intervene between the two media, as shown in FIG. 4b is when refraction occurs two times, compared to the case of the medium 2, the outgoing light is a medium 2 of Fig. 1a in both cases, the refraction angle (θ ₂₎ It can be seen that this is the same.

n1sinθ ₁ = n3sinθ ₃

n3sinθ ₃ = n2sinθ ₂

∴ n1sinθ ₁ = n2sinθ ₂

 Therefore, even if a different medium (boundary membrane 31 in the case of the present invention) in the middle of the two media to be tested it can be seen that the experimental results are the same.

In the total reflection test, the influence of the membrane is shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. When the total reflection is incident from an optically dense medium (large refractive index material) to a small medium (small refractive index material), if the incident angle is more than a certain angle (critical angle), all the light at the interface It is a phenomenon that is reflected and no refraction exists. Fig. 5A shows a case where the incident angle when two media forms an interface is a critical angle. According to the law of Snell n1sin90 ° = n2sinθ ₂ of the angle θ ₂ is the critical angle. However, when another medium having a larger refractive index intervenes in parallel between the two media as shown in FIG. 5B, total reflection does not occur between the medium 2 and the medium 3 (the total reflection does not occur in the dense medium in the small medium). It can be seen that total reflection occurs between 3 and medium 1, and as a result, its critical angle is the same as that of FIG. 5A.

n1sin90˚ = n3sinθ ₃

n3sinθ ₃ = n2sinθ ₂

∴ n1sin90˚ = n2sinθ ₂ (where n1 <n2 <n3)

Therefore, total reflection occurs at the same angle of incidence even if another medium (the boundary layer 31 in the present invention) enters in the middle of the two media to be tested as in the present invention.

As described above, the boundary layer 31 hardly distorts the results of reflection, refraction, and total reflection experiments. Rather, since the boundary layer 31 is provided, the apparatus for refraction and total reflection experiments of the Korean Utility Model Registration No.0301318 light may be used. Optical experiments between two gaseous or liquid media that cannot be tested are also possible.

In this case, in order to bring the normal between θ ₁ and θ ₂ close to each other, the angle of θ ₃ may be very small, and the thickness of the boundary layer 31 may be very small.

Therefore, the boundary film 31 of the present invention preferably has a larger refractive index as compared to the refractive index of the medium to be tested, and the larger the light transmittance and the thinner the thickness, the more the refractive index can be measured. desirable. Such materials include high density glass, acrylic, etc., which are easy to process, have high mechanical strength, high transparency, and high refractive index.

The position of the incident window 34 formed on the side surface of the medium cylinder 30 passes through the boundary layer 31 when the laser output unit 40 is located on the ground and the incident window 34 or by the reflecting plate 20. The reflected reflected light is preferably formed to be aimed at the angle scale 12 of the angle measuring part 10.

As shown in FIG. 3, the reflecting plate 20 is formed of a specular reflector 23 for specularly reflecting light, and the other side of the reflector 20 is a diffuse reflecting white plate 22 for reflecting light and a black reflecting plate. It is preferable to form each of 23 divided by a predetermined area, but the present invention is not limited thereto. That is, it can be easily performed by those skilled in the art to apply various colors having different reflectances or to form thin films having different irregularities on the surface so as to observe various forms of diffuse reflection. .

6 is a state diagram of a reflection experiment using a light reflection and refraction experiment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figures 7a and 7b are diffuse reflection using a light reflection and refraction experiment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention Figure 8 is a state diagram of the experiment, Figure 8 is a side view for explaining the optical path of the laser in the refraction experiment using the light reflection and refraction experiment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figures 9a and 9b is an embodiment of the present invention It is a state diagram of the refraction experiment using the reflection and refraction experiment apparatus by an example.

An experimental embodiment using the light reflection and refraction test apparatus of the present invention configured as described above will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 9B.

Experiment 1 . Specular reflection experiment of light Figure 6 )

The reflective plate 20 is inserted into the reflector plate fastening portion 38 of the medium container 30 so that the specular plate 23 is exposed to the outside, and the angle measuring part 10 is fastened to closely contact the opening of the medium container 30. . At this time, since the fastening bar 39 of the medium cylinder 30 is inserted into and coupled to the fastening groove 13 formed in the angle measuring unit 10, the reflecting plate 20 at a position of 90 ° of the angle scale 12. This makes it possible to always set a constant reference point. Then, the sealing cock 35 of the first medium 32 is separated from the scattering material inlet 36 to open the scattering material inlet 36 to inject the scattering material. In the present invention was used a feast that can be easily obtained in the vicinity.

Thereafter, the laser printer 40 is adjacent to the incident window 34 of the medium cylinder 30 to inject the laser light. In this case, when the incident light 41 enters the signal light toward the reference point 24 of the angle measuring unit 10, the incident light 41 may experiment to observe the reflected light 43 reflected on the specular reflector 23. The incident light 41 and the reflected light 43 can be clearly observed by the smoke introduced into the first medium part 32, and the accurate incident angle and reflection angle are read by reading the angle scale 12 formed in the angle measuring part 10. Can be measured.

The specular reflection experiment of various types of light is performed while changing the position of the laser output unit 40.

FIG. 6 shows that the incident light 41 is incident at the 30 ° position of the first quadrant and is reflected on the specular reflector 23 so that the reflected light 42 is specularly reflected to the right 30 ° position.

Experiment 2 . Diffuse reflection experiment of light Figure 7 a and Figure 7 b)

Insert the reflecting plate 20 to the reflecting plate fastening portion 38 of the medium barrel 30 so that the diffused black plate 21 and the diffused white plate 22 are exposed to the outside, and prepare the experimental apparatus as in Experiment 1 do.

Thereafter, the laser output unit 40 is incident on the diffused black plate 21 or the diffused white plate 22 through the incident window 34 of the medium cylinder 30. Therefore, it can be experimented to observe the occurrence of selective reflection (reflection reflection) according to the diffuse reflection plate with different reflectance.

FIG. 7A shows the incident light 41 and the diffused reflection light 44 by the diffused white plate 22. The laser beam is incident on the diffused white plate 22 of the reflecting plate 20. FIG. The laser beam is incident on the diffused black plate 23, and the diffused reflected light 44 having different reflectance from the diffused reflected light 44 by the diffused white plate 22 is generated.

Experiment 3 . Refraction test and total reflection test of light Figure 8  To Figure 9 b)

A liquid medium different from the absolute refractive index of air is introduced into the second medium part 33, and the angle measuring part 10 is fastened to closely contact the opening of the medium container 30. At this time, since the fastening bar 39 of the medium cylinder 30 is inserted into and coupled to the fastening groove 13 formed in the angle measuring unit 10, the boundary film 31 is positioned at a 90 ° position of the angle scale 12. ), It is possible to set a constant reference point 24 at all times. Then, the sealing cock 35 of the first medium part 32 is separated from the scattering material inlet 36 to inject smoke. In the present invention was used a feast that can be easily obtained in the vicinity.

Then, when the laser output unit 40 is incident to the incident window 34 of the medium cylinder 30 to inject the laser light as in Experiment 1 or Experiment 2, the first medium portion 32 or the second medium portion. According to the material stored in (33) it can be experiment to observe the light refracted in the boundary film 31. In addition, while adjusting the angle of incidence incident on the incident window 34, the critical angle totally reflected from the second medium portion 33 (density medium) to the first medium portion 32 (small medium) may be measured. Therefore, in the case of refraction, it is possible to calculate the refractive index according to the medium by measuring the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction, and measure the critical angle that is totally reflected.

FIG. 9A shows the incident light 41 and the refracted light 42 in different media in the refraction experiment from the slight medium 32 to the dense medium 33, and FIG. 9B shows the minor medium in the dense medium 33. The experimental state in which the refraction of (32) can be observed is shown.

On the other hand, the liquid having a different absolute refractive index that is sealed in the scattering material inlet 36 of the first medium portion 32 with a sealing cock 35 and is introduced into the second medium portion 33 to the first medium portion 32 Introducing the material allows the experiment to measure the refraction. In addition to the comparison between air and water, it is possible to experiment with a wide variety of media such as air and sugar water, water and concentrated sugar water, sugar concentrations with different concentrations, and water and cooking oil.

The embodiments of the present invention described above and illustrated in the drawings should not be construed as limiting the technical spirit of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is limited only by the matters described in the claims, and those skilled in the art can change and change the technical idea of the present invention in various forms. Therefore, such improvements and modifications will fall within the protection scope of the present invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

According to the present invention as described above, there are the following effects.

1. The angle for measuring the light path is formed from 0 ° to 90 ° based on the normal according to the characteristics of the light to prevent the confusion caused when using a general protractor (0 ° to 180 °). In addition, the angle scale is formed by two lines of vertically symmetric numbers so that the viewer can easily read the angle in any direction.

2. The black side and the black bottom block not only the outside noise light but also the light path can be clearly observed by the scattering material. Therefore, it is possible to accurately reflect the light reflection and refraction in any environment indoor or outdoor during the day. Experiment is possible.

3. The preparation of the experiment is simple, which can reduce the effort of the experiment preparer. Since the operation of the experiment equipment and the process of the experiment are simple, the reflection and refraction of light, which is the purpose of the experiment, is difficult without the participants feeling complicated by the operation of the device. Focus only on observation.

4. It is possible to perform both reflection (specular and diffuse reflection) and refraction experiments with one experimental device, so the time required for explanation or skill in the operation of the device is saved, so the experiment proceeds smoothly.

5. It is a round shape and can be placed on the floor, so experimenters can work in groups.

6. Because the time required for experiments is short, individual learning is possible for all members of the group to directly experiment, and the angle of incidence and reflection, the angle of incidence, and the angle of refraction can be measured directly.

7. When the laser light is incident on the specular reflector, the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection can be immediately observed while observing the path of light accurately, so that the law of reflection can be understood immediately.

8. If you use diffuse reflection plate of various colors and materials, you can easily perform diffuse reflection experiment, and you can experiment to the difference of light reflection and absorption according to color or material.

9. If the angle of incidence of the laser light is varied from 0 ° to 90 °, the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction can be seen naturally, and the deepening experiments such as the critical angle in total refraction and total reflection can be easily performed.

10. Even experiments using the same medium can be carried out directly from dense to medium and from medium to dense.

11. It is possible to select various media with different densities and observe the refractive phenomenon and calculate the refractive index.

12. Unlike most other experiment apparatuses in which expensive or reflection and refraction experiment apparatuses are manufactured separately, the present invention can effectively perform various experiments simultaneously with one experiment apparatus that can be manufactured at low cost.

Claims (5)

One side of the cylindrical shape is open, the side is formed with a transparent material incident window 34 so that the signal light by the external laser output unit 40 is incident, the inner side of the boundary film 31 partitioned on both sides with a diameter boundary The first medium part 32 and the second medium part 33 are separated by the bottom surface of the first medium part 32 and the second medium part 33. ), Opening and closing to seal the opening of the medium barrel 30, the upper surface is a transparent material that can observe the optical path formed in the inside of the medium cylinder 30 can measure the angle of light by the optical path. The angle scale 12 is formed, the side of the light reflection and refraction test apparatus, characterized in that it comprises an angle measuring unit 10 formed of a non-transparent material for blocking the incident light. The method of claim 1, The boundary layer 31 has a high light transmittance and a thin film form, and has an absolute refractive index greater than that of the first medium portion 32 and the second medium portion 33. Further comprising a reflector 20 inserted into one side of the boundary film 31, The reflector plate 20 is a reflection and refraction experiment apparatus, characterized in that at least one or more specular reflection plate for reflecting light and a diffuse reflection plate for reflecting light is formed. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The angular scale 12 is divided from the first quadrant to the fourth quadrant, the first and second quadrants are displayed at regular intervals from 0 degrees to 90 degrees, 90 degrees to 0 degrees, and the third and fourth quadrants Formed to be symmetrical in the second quadrant, Light reflection and refraction experiment apparatus, characterized in that the formed angle scale 12 and the vertical axis symmetric 12 is further formed. The method according to claim 1 or 2, Scattering material inlet 36 penetrating the first medium portion 32 or the second medium portion 33 is further formed on the side of the medium container 30, the sealing for opening and closing the scattering material inlet 36 Light reflection and refraction experiment apparatus further comprises a cock (35). The method of claim 3, Scattering material inlet 36 penetrating the first medium portion 32 or the second medium portion 33 is further formed on the side of the medium container 30, the sealing for opening and closing the scattering material inlet 36 Light reflection and refraction experiment apparatus further comprises a cock (35).

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