KR100663332B1 - Control apparatus for electrolytic sterilization system of ballast water of a ship - Google Patents

Abstract

A control apparatus of an electrolytic sterilization system of ballast water of a ship is provided to effectively perform the sterilization of the ballast water. The electrolytic sterilization apparatus(10) includes two titan insoluble electrodes(11,12). The residual chlorine ion concentration sensing sensor(21) is installed at the inside of a ballast tank, senses the residual chlorine ion of sea water and generates an electric signal in proportion to the sensed concentration. A flow sensing sensor(22) is installed at the pipe of a pump, senses the inflow amount of the sea water and generates an electric signal in proportion to the sensed result.

Description

Control apparatus for electrolytic sterilization system of ballast water of a ship}

1 is a control block diagram of a ship ballast water electrolytic sterilization system according to the present invention.

2 is a control flow chart of the ship ballast water electrolytic sterilization system according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings]

10: electrolytic sterilizer 11, 12: insoluble electrode

20: electrolytic sterilization control unit 21: residual chlorine ion concentration sensor

23: control unit 24: current control unit

25: polarity switching unit 26: pulse generator

The present invention relates to a seawater electrolytic sterilizer of ballast (ballast) to be mounted on the bottom of the ship in order to maintain the hull stability of the ship, more specifically the positive (+) and the negative (-) of the electrolytic sterilizer Titanium-based insoluble electrodes were installed on all of them, and the polarity switching part, current control part, flow rate sensor, pulse generator, and residual chlorine ion concentration sensor were added respectively to periodically change the polarity of the positive electrode and the negative electrode to stop sodium hypochlorite. In addition to controlling the amount of sodium hypochlorite by controlling the amount of electrolyte by the inflow of seawater and the concentration of sodium hypochlorite, the sterilization of ballast water can be effectively prevented by preventing the attachment of the hydroxide compound to the cathode. The present invention relates to a ballast seawater sterilization apparatus of a ship using an electrolytic apparatus.

In 1992, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development asked the International Maritime Organization to systematically regulate the release of ballast water in order to prevent the spread of non-indigenous organisms. In order to prevent this problem, two methods of exchanging ballast water in a certain sea area before the ship enters the harbor, and two methods of disinfecting or disinfecting the ballast water loaded by physical and chemical methods were proposed.

Among the above two methods, the method of physically, chemically sterilizing or disinfecting the ballast water has been intensively examined for the method of exchanging the ballast water in the ocean due to the low processing efficiency because the amount of ballast water loaded on the ship is large. Since ballast water exchange work in the ocean requires a lot of time and effort, it may pose a danger to the safety of ships, and it is impossible to work during close voyage, so the development of a practical ballast water treatment device is required and proposed.

The conventional ballast water treatment apparatus as described above is provided with a shock-hydraulic device in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-342626 (published date: December 15, 2005) (name of the invention: a ballast water treatment method and apparatus, a vessel equipped with the apparatus). Thus, when the seawater enters the ballast tank, the impact water pressure is applied to the water of the membrane filter system that filters the sea creatures, and the impact water pressure is used to exert the killing effect of the aquatic organisms. It has been proposed to sterilize with a UV irradiation apparatus or an electrolytic apparatus at the rear stage.

In addition, the Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 2004-0066971 (published date: 2004.07.30) (name of the invention: the ballast water treatment device for ships) in the rotary system inside the filtration device to filter the sea creatures when seawater is introduced into the ballast tank It has been proposed to install a filtration filter, to continuously remove foreign substances attached to the rotary filtration filter with a cleaning brush, and to install an ultraviolet-electrolytic sterilization treatment device at the rear end of the filtration device.

The conventional vessel ballast water treatment apparatus as described above has insoluble titanium electrodes at the positive electrode (+), and stainless steel electrodes at the negative electrode (-), so that sodium hypochlorite is generated by electrolysis at the positive electrode and thus included in the ballast water. Electrolytic sterilization device for sterilizing bacteria is included.

In general, when seawater is electrolyzed, a main reaction as shown in Scheme (1) and a side reaction as shown in Scheme (2) proceed to the anode and the cathode.

반응식(1)

Scheme (1)

반응식(2)

Scheme (2)

In the positive electrode for the electrolysis of water takes place hypochlorite or sodium hypochlorite is generated, in the negative electrode as well as the generated hydroxide ions (OH ^-) and hydrogen generation is changed into due strong alkali, the resulting hydroxide ions are dissolved in the seawater NaOH is produced by reacting with sodium ion.

At this time, magnesium ions (Mg ²⁺ ) and calcium ions (Ca ²⁺ ) dissolved in a large amount of sea water react with NaOH to generate an insoluble precipitate, which is a phenomenon in which these substances adhere to the electrode surface of the cathode.

As such, the hydroxyaluminum compound film attached to the surface of the cathode during electrolysis in the seawater electrolyzer degrades the electrolytic reactor's current efficiency rapidly, while increasing the resistance between the anode and cathode electrodes. When operating in the constant voltage mode, the current density decreases, resulting in the degradation of the electrolytic sterilizer. In addition, when operating in the constant current mode, the voltage must be increased to supply a constant current due to the increased resistance. Will result.

Therefore, in the case of the above-described electrolytic sterilizer in the conventional ballast water treatment apparatus, when a disinfectant produced by chlorine is generated in the titanium insoluble electrode used as the anode and a hydroxide compound is attached at the cathode, the power is periodically interrupted ( Iii) After the negative electrode is washed with acidic solution, the electrolysis is continued.In this case, however, the acidic solution, such as hydrochloric acid, is used to clean the solution. Since the wastewater treatment that is generated at the time needs to be a problem that requires facilities and chemicals required for wastewater treatment, and also has a problem that unnecessary manpower is required due to the periodic cleaning of the cathode.

The present invention focuses on the fact that the hydroxide compound attached to the surface of the negative electrode, which is the above problem, is dissolved in a weakly acidic atmosphere, and a titanium-based insoluble electrode is installed on both the positive electrode and the negative electrode, respectively. By repeating the polarity at regular intervals, when the hydroxide compound attached to the surface of the cathode is converted to the anode, it dissolves and removes the hydroxide compound in a weak acid atmosphere to restore the electrode state to its original state. It is a technical subject to make it possible to raise.

In addition, the ballast water electrolytic sterilizer of the present invention adds a pulse generator to apply a specific pulse to the positive electrode and the negative electrode by the polarity conversion device to generate fine vibration on the electrode surface by this pulse, which is not removed at the time of polarity conversion. The technical task is to maximize the current and electrolytic efficiency by preventing the desorption of the hydroxide compound and the life of the electrode is shortened due to concentration polarization and hydrogen embrittlement due to hydrogen generated in the cathode.

In addition, the ballast water electrolytic sterilization apparatus of the present invention can adjust the current applied to the electrode according to the amount of seawater flowing into the ballast tank by adding a current regulator to automatically control the concentration of sodium hypochlorite, seawater The technical problem is to ensure smooth sterilization before the gas is introduced into the ballast tank.

In addition, the ballast water electrolytic sterilization apparatus of the present invention senses the residual chlorine ion concentration in the ballast tank and maintains the concentration of sodium hypochlorite in proportion to the amount of the ballast water introduced, so that the sterilization is continuously carried out. Technical task is to make sterilization more effective.

In the present invention, in the marine ballast water electrolytic sterilization system for generating sodium hypochlorite to sterilize bacteria contained in seawater by electrolysis of seawater by an electrolytic sterilization apparatus equipped with a titanium-carbon insoluble electrode, the electrolytic sterilization apparatus is used to electrolyze seawater. It is composed of two titanium insoluble electrodes to decompose and is installed in the ballast tank to detect residual chlorine ion concentration in seawater and generate an electrical signal proportional to it, and a pump to introduce seawater into the ballast tank. A flow rate sensor installed at a pipe of the sensor to sense an inflow of seawater and generate an electrical signal proportional thereto, and a polarity switching unit connected to the insoluble electrode to convert the polarity of the positive electrode and the negative electrode at regular intervals and electrolyze the polarity; Connected to an input of a switching unit and supplied to the insoluble electrode A current control unit for controlling the flow, a pulse generator connected to the insoluble electrode to generate micro vibrations to prevent the hydroxide compound from adhering to the surface of the negative electrode, and an output signal of the residual chlorine ion concentration sensor and the flow sensor It characterized by consisting of a control unit for controlling the current control unit, the polarity switching unit, the pulse generator.

Hereinafter, a control device of a ship ballast water electrolytic sterilization system according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

1 is a block diagram of a control device for a ship ballast water electrolytic sterilization system according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a control flow chart of a ship ballast water electrolytic sterilization system according to the present invention, wherein seawater is electrolyzed to dissolve hypochlorous acid and sodium hypochlorite. The electrolytic sterilizer 10 to be produced is provided with titanium insoluble electrodes 11 and 12 at both the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a residual chlorine ion concentration sensor for detecting residual chlorine ion concentration in seawater installed in the ballast tank. 21 and the flow rate sensor 22 is installed in the pipe of the pump for introducing the seawater into the ballast tank to detect the inflow of the seawater.

The insoluble electrodes 11 and 12 are connected with a pulse generator 26 for generating a micro vibration for preventing the hydroxide compound from adhering to the surface of the negative electrode, and also periodically changing the polarity by changing the polarity of the electrode at regular intervals. The polarity switching section 25 is connected.

The output terminal of the residual chlorine ion concentration sensor 21 and the flow rate sensor 22 is connected to a control unit 23 for controlling the entire system, and a pulse generator for generating fine vibration at the output end of the control unit 23 ( 26 and a current control unit 24 for supplying current to the insoluble electrodes 11 and 12 of the electrolytic sterilizer 10 according to the inflow amount of the seawater output from the flow rate sensor 22.

At the output terminal of the current control unit 24, a polarity switching unit 25 for polarizing the insoluble electrodes 11 and 12 of the electrolytic sterilizing device 10 into a positive electrode and a negative electrode is alternately connected.

The control process of the ship ballast water electrolytic sterilization system according to the present invention having the above configuration will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 as follows.

First, when power is supplied to the control device of the ship ballast water electrolytic sterilization system of the present invention, the control unit 23 initializes the system (step 100), and then the current control unit 24, the polarity switching unit 25, the pulse generator Each of 26 is enabled (step 101) to operate, and then the signals output from the residual chlorine ion concentration sensor 21 and the flow rate sensor 22 are sequentially read (step 102).

The flow rate sensor 22 outputs an electrical signal in analog form proportional to the flow rate of the seawater flowing into the ballast tank through a pump (not shown), and the controller 23 outputs a signal from the flow rate sensor 22. Is determined (step 103), the signal is converted into digital data and then analyzed for comparison to calculate the inflow amount, and the current value supplied to the insoluble electrodes 11 and 12 of the electrolytic sterilizer 10 according to the inflow amount. It is determined by calculating (step 104).

As described above, the amount of current supplied to the insoluble electrodes 11 and 12 according to the inflow amount of the seawater output from the flow rate sensor 22 is stored in a table as shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1 Current values supplied to the insoluble electrodes 11 and 12 according to the inflow of seawater in the ballast tank.

Flow rate (m ³ / min) Current value (A: Ampere) L1 A1 L2 A2 L3 A3 L4 A4

In this way, the control unit 23 calculates the current value supplied to the insoluble electrodes 11 and 12 according to the inflow amount output from the flow rate sensor 22, and then transfers the control current value to the current control unit 24. In step 105, the current control unit 24 applies a current value proportional thereto to the insoluble electrodes 11 and 12 of the electrolytic sterilizer 10 through the polarity switching unit 25 (step 106). As a result, seawater is electrolyzed.

When the polarity switching unit 25 is enabled by the control unit 23, the polarity switching unit 25 converts the polarities of the insoluble electrodes 11 and 12 into a positive electrode and a negative electrode at regular intervals. The output current is applied to the insoluble electrodes 11 and 12 by applying a current to the polarity converted by the polarity switching unit 25 so that the insoluble electrodes 11 and 12 are maintained at a constant period by the polarity switching unit 25. In turn, seawater is electrolyzed.

At this time, any one of the insoluble electrodes 11, 12 of the electrolytic sterilizer 10 is continuously produced without interruption by the hypochlorite and sodium hypochlorite by the anodic reaction.

In this case, the polarity change period of the insoluble electrodes 11 and 12 by the polarity switching part 25 was found to be preferably 5 to 10 minutes apart from which the hydroxide compound could not be attached.

Meanwhile, when the pulse generator 26 is enabled by the controller 23, the pulse generator 26 outputs a pulse of 8 to 15 KHz to continuously apply minute vibrations to the insoluble electrodes 11 and 12, thereby removing oxalate. The compound is removed from the electrode surface and prevented from adhering to the electrode surface.

The pulse generator 26 has been confirmed through a number of experiments that the pulse generator (26) is an optimal frequency range to which the hydroxide compound is not attached when a pulse of 8-15KHz band is applied to the insoluble electrode (11) (12). The circuit configuration of 26) is a conventional publicly known technique that can be configured by combining an oscillator (OSC), an NE555 integrated circuit, and the like, and detailed configuration and description thereof will be omitted.

On the other hand, when there is no flow inflow signal from the flow rate sensor 22, the control unit 23 recognizes that the pump is stopped and the storage state does not flow into the ballast tank, the residual chlorine ion at this time By reading the output signal of the concentration sensor 21 to perform a process of maintaining a constant concentration of sodium hypochlorite of the ballast water introduced into the ballast tank.

That is, the residual chlorine ion concentration detection sensor 21 senses the residual chlorine ion concentration in the ballast tank and outputs an electrical analog signal proportional thereto to the control unit 23, and the residual chlorine ion in the control unit 23. The signal output from the concentration sensor 21 is converted into digital data and compared and analyzed to determine the driving of the electrolytic sterilizer 10 according to the residual chlorine ion concentration.

If it is determined that the residual chlorine ion concentration measured by the control unit 23 does not reach the reference concentration (step 107), the set current data value is insoluble electrode 11 through the current control unit 24 and the polarity switching unit 25. By supplying a current to step (12) (step 108), electrolysis is generated to continuously generate sodium hypochlorite, and when the residual concentration of chlorine ion measured by the control unit 23 reaches a reference concentration, the current The control unit 24 is turned off (step 109) to stop electrolysis so that the concentration of sodium hypochlorite in the ballast tank is kept constant to maximize sterilization effect.

As described above, since the present invention operates by applying a pulse voltage to the cathode where surface contamination occurs during electrolysis, the sterilization efficiency is improved by the high potential difference and prevents contamination of the electrode. By optimizing the current efficiency, it is possible to keep the performance constant.

In addition, constant current and constant voltage operation are possible due to the pulse generator that prevents contamination of the electrode, so that the power cost is lower than that of the conventional electrolysis method, and the maintenance cost is considerably reduced compared to the use of chemicals, thereby maintaining a constant current efficiency. Therefore, it is easy to maintain, so that no manpower for water quality management is required.

In addition, the electrolytic sterilizer equipped with electrode contamination prevention equipment is safer than the method using the chemicals applied to the ballast water sterilization, and it is sterilized in a short time stably to prevent the destruction of the ecosystem by the ballast water in the ecosystem by the International Maritime Organization. You can satisfy the room.

As described above, in the present invention, the electrolytic sterilizer is provided with an insoluble electrode of titanium material for both the positive electrode (+) and the negative electrode (-), and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are switched to each other at regular intervals by the polarity conversion device to perform electrolysis. Sodium hypochlorite is produced without interruption to increase the sterilization effect continuously.

In addition, the present invention, by adding a pulse generator, the polarity of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is switched by a certain period of time by the polarity conversion device to apply a pulse to the cathode when the electrolysis is performed, and generates a fine vibration by the pulse to the surface of the electrode By preventing the attachment of the hydroxide compound is effective to increase the current and electrolytic efficiency.

In addition, the present invention by adding a current regulator to increase or decrease the current applied to the electrode according to the amount of seawater flowing into the ballast tank to automatically control the concentration of sodium hypochlorite smooth sterilization before seawater is introduced into the ballast tank It works.

In addition, the present invention senses the residual chlorine ion concentration in the ballast tank to maintain a constant concentration of sodium hypochlorite in proportion to the amount of ballast water introduced to maintain the ship's hull stability by maintaining sterilization It is effective to sterilize the ballast water on the bottom of the ball more effectively.

Claims (1)

In the marine ballast water electrolytic sterilization system which sterilizes bacteria contained in seawater by generating sodium hypochlorite by electrolysis of seawater by an electrolytic sterilizer 10 equipped with a titanium carbon insoluble electrode, The electrolytic sterilizer 10 is composed of two titanium-based insoluble electrodes (11, 12) for electrolyzing sea water, Residual chlorine ion concentration sensor 21 is installed in the ballast tank and senses the residual chlorine ion concentration of seawater and generates an electrical signal in proportion thereto; A flow rate sensor 22 installed in a pipe of a pump for introducing seawater into the ballast tank and sensing an inflow amount of seawater to generate an electrical signal proportional thereto; A polarity switching unit 25 connected to the insoluble electrodes 11 and 12 and converting the polarity of the positive electrode and the negative electrode 11 and 12 at regular intervals to electrolyze; A current control unit 24 connected to an input terminal of the polarity switching unit 25 to adjust a current supplied to the insoluble electrodes 11 and 12; A pulse generator 26 connected to the insoluble electrodes 11 and 12 to generate micro vibrations to prevent the hydroxide compound from adhering to the negative electrode surface; By the output signal of the residual chlorine ion concentration detection sensor 21 and the flow rate detection sensor 22 to the control unit 23 for controlling the current control unit 24, the polarity switching unit 25, the pulse generator 26 Control device for ship ballast water electrolytic sterilization system, characterized in that made.

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