KR100633448B1 - GPS-Based Slope Monitoring Method and System - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to be able to monitor the behavior of slopes in real time and to predict slope collapse (landslides), a fixed station is installed to receive GPS signals (data) at a fixed distance away from the slopes. Arrange a number of measuring stations that receive GPS signals by arranging them, and extract the correct data by calibrating the GPS signals transmitted from the measuring station using the GS signals transmitted from the fixed station, and extract the data back and forth in a predetermined time unit. It provides a method of monitoring slope behavior using GPS, which compares data to monitor slope behavior and generates an alarm when an abnormality is detected in slope behavior as a result of the monitoring.

GPS, slope, landslide, collapse, behavior, monitoring, location, measurement, alarm, signal

Description

GPS-Based Slope Monitoring Method and System

1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a state in which an embodiment of a system for monitoring slope behavior using GPS according to the present invention is installed on a slope.

Figure 2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a system for monitoring slope behavior using GPS according to the present invention.

Figure 3 is a flow chart for explaining an embodiment of a method for monitoring slope behavior using GPS according to the present invention.

The present invention relates to a method and system for monitoring slope behavior using GPS, and more specifically, to continuously and precisely monitor slope behavior such as an incision, a dam or a slope using GPS (GPS) data. The present invention relates to a method and a system for monitoring slope behavior using GPS, which is capable of predicting slope collapse and landslides.

Generally, the collapse of slope is called landslide or slope failure, and it includes fall, topple, slide, flow and spread.

In Korea, when the terrain is mountainous, road construction or housing construction is performed, slopes are generated because the mountains or hills are cut. Slopes also occur when dams or embankments are constructed.

When the slope occurs as described above, it is very important to grasp the stability of the slope, and it is necessary to take measures in advance to predict whether a landslide (slope collapse) may occur.

The causes of landslides (slope decay) include internal factors such as geology, soil, geological structure, and topographic weakness, and natural external factors such as rainfall, snowfall, groundwater, river and coastal erosion, earthquake, and cut. And artificial external factors such as dam construction.As a result of the above factors, landslide (slope collapse) is caused when the shear stress increases or the shear strength decreases to reach a safety factor of 1 (shear strength / shear stress). Occurs.

In Korea, landslides (slope decay) occur mainly in heavy rainfall and sea ice during the summer season, causing enormous loss of life and property damage.

However, slopes generally have different soil properties on one slope according to depth, weathering or deterioration, geological structure, etc., so it is very difficult to accurately predict the stability of the slope.

Therefore, in recent years, in order to evaluate the stability of the slope, there is a trend to use the measurement that can grasp the behavior of the slope quantitatively.

However, manual measurement, which is mainly used as a measurement method of slopes, presents various problems. First, because it is very difficult to stay in the field and measure, it is easy to lack rationality in measurement frequency and measurement time point, and it is impossible to proactively cope with emergencies. Second, there is a high possibility of errors due to individual differences in measurement. Third, if the expert needs urgent judgment on the measurement results in the field, it is difficult to quickly deliver and interpret them. Fourth, due to lack of measurement data and lack of reliability, it is difficult to construct a database, which makes it difficult to use it for measurement of similar slopes.

An object of the present invention is to develop a method and system that can be automatically measured in real time in order to solve the problems of manual measurement as described above, which is very effective in preventing disasters caused by slope collapse in advance. It is to use.

In other words, in order to predict slope collapse (landslides) in advance and establish countermeasures to prevent disasters, it is important to find out the slope of the slope deformation early and to grasp the situation. It provides a method and system for realizing the automation of measurement that can monitor the information at all times and deliver and process the information in real time.

The present invention can monitor the behavior of the slope in real time using a fixed station for receiving GPS data at a fixed position and a plurality of measuring stations for receiving GPS data at a predetermined position of the slope and slope collapse. The aim is to provide a method for monitoring slope behavior using GPS, which can predict landslides.

Another object of the present invention is to monitor the behavior of a slope in real time using a fixed station receiving GPS data at a fixed position and a plurality of measuring stations receiving GPS data at a predetermined position on a slope. It is to provide a system for monitoring slope behavior using GPS, which is possible and predicts landslide collapse.

According to the present invention, a method for monitoring slope behavior using GPS is provided with a fixed station for receiving GPS signals (data) at a fixed distance away from the slope, and arranged at predetermined intervals on the slope to receive a plurality of GPS signals. A measurement station is installed, the GPS signal transmitted from the fixed station is corrected to correct the GS signal transmitted from the measurement station, and the correct data is extracted. It monitors the situation and generates an alarm when an abnormality is detected in the slope behavior as a result of the monitoring.

In addition, the slope behavior monitoring system using the GPS of the present invention is installed in a fixed position away from the slope and receives a GPS signal (data) and a station arranged at a predetermined interval on the slope to receive the GPS signal By correcting the GPS signal transmitted from the measuring station using a plurality of measuring stations and the GPS signal transmitted from the fixed station to extract the correct data, and compare the before and after data in a predetermined time unit to determine the behavior of the slope It includes a control unit that monitors and generates an alarm when an abnormality is detected in the slope behavior as a result of the monitoring.

Next, a preferred embodiment of a method and system for monitoring slope behavior using GPS according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

First, the monitoring system of slope behavior using GPS according to the present invention is installed at a fixed position away from a slope 2 such as a dam, an incision, a mountain slope, as shown in FIGS. ), A plurality of measuring stations 20 arranged on the slope 2 at predetermined intervals and receiving a GPS signal, and a GPS signal transmitted from the fixed station 10. The GPS data transmitted from the measuring station 20 is corrected to extract accurate data, and the extracted data is compared with before and after data for a predetermined time to monitor the behavior of the slope 2 and to monitor the behavior of the slope 2. If it detects an abnormal symptom is made to include a control unit 30 for generating an alarm.

The fixed station 10 and each measuring station 20 receive GPS signals from four GPS satellites 6, respectively, and measure latitude, longitude, and altitude of three-dimensional positions (three-dimensional coordinates). Done.

Signals transmitted by the GPS satellite 6 include a C / A code (Clear and Acquisition code), P code (Precision code), P code is 10.23Mbps, for the purpose of precision positioning with a week period, The C / A code is 1.023Mbps and the period is about 1 millisecond (ms). The transmission frequency of the GPS satellite 6 is two waves of L1 (1,575.42 MHz) and L2 (1,227.6 MHz). The L1 includes the C / A code and the P code, and the L2 includes only the P code. It is known that the position measurement accuracy of the C / A code is within a nominal 100 m, and the precision by a P code is within a nominal 16 m.

By multiplying the speed of light by the time when the signal transmitted from the GPS satellite 6 reaches the user receiver, the distance between the GPS satellite 6 and the user can be calculated, and this distance is a major error factor of the user's clock error. Distance error due to The distance measured in this way is called a pseudo range.

The coordinate system used by GPS is the WGS-84 coordinate system, and is an ECBF (Earth Centered Body Fixed) coordinate system whose coordinate origin is located at the center of the earth's mass.

In the case of measuring the pseudo distance as described above, an error occurs due to various factors, and there are common errors that can be removed and errors that cannot be removed. Common errors that can be removed include S / A error, ionospheric error, tropospheric delay, orbital error, and satellite clock error. Non-removable errors include receiver noise, resolution, and multipath noise. have.

Table 1 below shows the error range of the measurement distance according to the above various factors of error.

Error factor Street error Satellite clock error, Ephemeris error 1.5 Air propagation delay 2.4 to 5.2 Signal Processing Delay (Satellite) 1.0 Multi Path 1.2 to 2.7 Receiver Noise and Resolution Dynamics of the Mobile Body (Receive Side)  1.5 System-wide error 1.5

In addition, positioning methods using GPS include single positioning, DGPS, relative positioning, and PTK.

The positioning technique receives code signals from four or more GPS satellites 6 with one low-cost receiver and calculates its own position in the receiver in real time. The positioning accuracy is 15 to 30 m. low.

The differential GPS (DGPS) technique combines surveying and navigation receivers to measure the real-angle precision position of a moving object, and has a positioning accuracy of 1 to 5 m. In other words, the DGPS technique is intended to inform the receiver that a second device (a reference station that is installed at a point where it knows very precise positions through static surveys) is near the receiver and that the amount of data currently received is out of order. By this method, the error of positioning can be minimized, and the common dimensional person is eliminated to obtain accurate actual coordinates.

The static survey technique measures a relative position with high precision using two or more GPS receivers for surveying, and the positioning precision is several meters. The post-processing relative positioning technique enables position measurement with a high precision of several centimeters or less. In other words, the post-processing relative positioning technique calculates the L1 and L2 carrier data simultaneously received from the reference point and the measurement point by a program having relative positioning capability, and increases the precision drastically. It has the ability to measure position with an accuracy of one billionth (20 ppb).

The RTK (Real Time Kinematic) technique uses two or more survey receivers to measure the position with high accuracy at an actual angle, and positioning accuracy is 1 to 2 cm. That is, the RTK technique is similar to the concept of the DGPS technique except that data transmitted for error correction is carrier data received from a reference station, not a distance error correction value.

In the slope behavior monitoring system using GPS according to the present invention, it is possible to apply the relative positioning technique, the DGPS technique, the RTK technique, and the like.

The station 10 is subjected to static surveying in advance and installed at a point where a very precise position is known.

In addition, the stationary station 10 does not exhibit the same behavior as that of the slope 2 at a certain distance away from the slope 2, and it is preferable to install at a point where the position will not change even if the slope 2 collapses.

The fixed station 10 installed as described above is preset (determined) three-dimensional coordinate values (latitude, longitude, altitude) for the reference position (installation position), the coordinate value for this reference position is the control unit 30 Is input to the reference position of the station 10.

The fixed station 10 is provided with an antenna for receiving a signal transmitted from the GPS satellite 6.

The fixed station 10 transmits the signals of the four GPS satellites 6 received from the antenna to the controller 30 together with the identification code of the fixed station 10.

Using the signals of the four GPS satellites 6 received from the fixed station 10 transmitted to the control unit 30 as described above, the control unit 30 uses a three-dimensional coordinate value (latitude) for the position of the fixed station 10. , Longitude, altitude).

The three-dimensional coordinate value of the position of the fixed station 10 calculated as described above is preset and compared with the three-dimensional coordinate value of the reference position input to the controller 30, and the three-dimensional coordinate value of the calculated position in advance. The difference between the three-dimensional coordinate values of the input reference position is regarded as an error due to various factors at that time, and this value is used to correct the value measured at the measuring station 20.

In the above description, the station 10 is merely configured to receive a signal from four GPS satellites 6 and transmit the signal to the controller 30 together with an identification code. The signal may be processed to calculate a three-dimensional coordinate value according to the signal, and may be configured to be transmitted to the controller 30 together with the identification code. In this case, the controller 30 can directly compare with the three-dimensional coordinate values of the reference position using the received three-dimensional coordinate values.

Although the data transmission from the fixed station 10 to the control unit 30 may be performed by wire communication, the wireless station may freely determine the position of the control unit 30 according to the field situation, and may also control the control unit through the Internet or a communication network. It is preferable because it is possible to receive data at 30.

The stationary station 10 may be installed at one place, or may be installed at each of two or more points. In the case where two or more stationary stations 10 are provided in the above, it is possible to more accurately calculate the GS data for the reference position, so that it is possible to minimize the limit of error due to various error factors, and more precisely. It is possible to correct the GPS data received by the measuring station 20.

The measuring station 20 is arranged in a predetermined interval on the slope 2, such as an incision or dam to monitor the behavior.

The more the measurement station 20 is installed at a narrower interval, the more accurately it is possible to grasp the behavior of the slope 2, but the more the measurement station 20 is installed, the greater the amount of data to be processed and thus the control unit. It is burdened with 30, and installation cost is high.

Therefore, the measuring station 20 may be installed at regular intervals throughout the slope (2), but is empirically installed at narrower intervals in areas of high risk of collapse and at wider intervals in areas of low risk of collapse. Is efficient.

In the case where the measuring station 20 is installed on the slope 2, a static survey of the installation point is carried out in advance to determine a very precise position, and the three-dimensional coordinate values (latitude and longitude) of the reference position (installation location) are measured. , Altitude) to the control unit 30.

Like the fixed station 10, the measuring station 20 is provided with an antenna for receiving a signal transmitted from the GPS satellite 6.

The measuring station 20 transmits the signals of the four GPS satellites 6 received from the antenna to the controller 30 together with the identification codes of the respective measuring stations 20.

Using the signals of the four GPS satellites 6 received from the measuring station 20 transmitted to the control unit 30 as described above, the control unit 30 has a three-dimensional coordinate value for the position of the measuring station 20. (Latitude, longitude, altitude) are calculated.

The three-dimensional coordinate value of the position of the measurement station 20 calculated as described above is corrected by the difference between the reference position of the fixed station 10 and the three-dimensional coordinate value of the position calculated at the same time point in the control unit 30. Then, it sets the three-dimensional coordinate value of the viewpoint.

The controller 30 compares the corrected three-dimensional coordinate values of the measurement station 20 with the three-dimensional coordinate values of the reference position and determines that an abnormal behavior has occurred when the deviation is out of a preset range, and generates an alarm.

In the above description, the measurement station 20 is merely configured to receive a signal from four GPS satellites 6 and transmit the signal to the controller 30 together with an identification code. The received signal may be processed to calculate a 3D coordinate value according to the signal, and may be configured to be transmitted to the controller 30 together with the identification code. In this case, the controller 30 can directly compare with the three-dimensional coordinate values of the reference position using the received three-dimensional coordinate values.

However, if it is configured to process the signal received by the measuring station 20, the manufacturing cost of the measuring station 20 rises, and the measuring station 20 is installed in large quantities, which greatly affects the cost. Therefore, it is preferable that the controller 30 has a function of processing the received signal.

The data transmission from the measurement station 20 to the control unit 30 is performed by wireless communication, so that the position of the control unit 30 can be freely determined according to the site situation, and the data can be received from the control unit 30 through the Internet or a communication network. It is preferable because it is possible.

The controller 30 graphs and / or graphs and stores or outputs data corrected for the signal received by each measurement station 20 so that the amount of change over time can be known.

In addition, the controller 30 may cause slope collapse when the position data (measured coordinate value) of the measurement station 20 is compared with the coordinate value of the reference position and the difference is out of the set range. It judges and raises an alarm.

As shown in FIG. 2, the controller 30 outputs a storage device 46 for storing processed data and coordinate values for a reference position, and outputs the processed data and graphed and / or tabulated data. Output device 44 and an alarm device 42 for issuing an alarm when it is determined that slope collapse (landslide) may occur as a result of comparison between the coordinate value of the reference position and the measured coordinate value.

As the output device 44, a monitor for outputting to a screen, a printer for outputting as printed matter, an oscilloscope for outputting a graph, etc. may be used.

The alarm device 42 includes a warning light, a siren, and the like installed in connection with a public office such as a management office or a fire station near a slope 2 and remote.

In addition, the alarm device 42 may be configured so that the control unit 30 automatically sends a voice message or a text message to a telephone or a mobile phone by using the Internet or a communication network.

The control unit 30 receives a signal received from the fixed station 10 and the measurement station 20 at a point where the station 10 is installed or near the slope 2, and transmits the signal to a remote site (such as a management office or a public office). It is configured to have only the minimum function of transmitting through the Internet, communication network, etc., and to separate to perform the main function of the control unit 30 to analyze and process the data transmitted from the remote computer and output the result It is possible.

In the above, it is also possible to configure the fixed station 10 to have a minimum function of the control unit 30.

One embodiment of a method for monitoring slope behavior using GPS according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.

One embodiment of the method for monitoring the slope behavior using GPS according to the present invention, the fixed station 10 for receiving the GPS signal (data) at a fixed distance away from the slope (2), such as an incision or a dam, On the slope 2, a plurality of measuring stations 20 are arranged at predetermined intervals to receive GPS signals, and are transmitted from the measuring station 20 by using the GPS signals transmitted from the fixed station 10. The GPS signal is corrected to extract accurate data, and the extracted data is compared with the before and after data for a certain time to monitor the behavior of the slope (2), and when an abnormality is found in the behavior of the slope (2) as a result of the monitoring, an alarm is detected. It consists of the process of generating.

After the fixed station 10 and the measuring station 20 are installed in the above, the stationary station 10 and the measuring station 20 installed in the control unit 30 are precisely surveyed by static surveying, and then the three-dimensional coordinates of the position. Input the value as a reference position (S10).

In the above state, the fixed station 10 receives a GPS signal transmitted from four designated GPS satellites 6 at predetermined time intervals (time, day, week, month, year, and the like), and the fixed station 10 receives the signal. Along with the identification code of the transmission to the control unit 30 (S12).

The current position of the fixed station 10 is calculated according to the GPS signal transmitted from the four GPS satellites 6 of the fixed station 10 received as described above (S22). Here, the process of calculating the current position of the fixed station 10 may be configured to install and perform a central processing unit (CPU) in the fixed station 10, and to analyze the signal transmitted from the control unit 30 to perform it. It is also possible to configure.

Similarly, the measuring station 20 also receives the GPS signals transmitted from four designated GPS satellites 6 at predetermined time intervals (the same interval as that of the fixed station 10). The identification code is transmitted to the control unit 30 (S14).

As described above, the current position of each measuring station 20 is calculated according to the GPS signals transmitted from the four GPS satellites 6 of each measuring station 20 (S24). Here, similarly to the fixed station 10, the measuring station 20 may be configured to perform a process of calculating the current position, or may be configured to be performed by the controller 30. However, it is possible to minimize the size of each measuring station 20 by performing the process of calculating the current position in the control unit 30, and the measuring station 20 on the slope 2 in a state that does not appear large in appearance. Since it is possible to install and to minimize the installation cost of the measuring station 20, it is preferable.

In the controller 30, the 3D coordinate value (the value input in the step S10) for the reference position of the first fixed station 10 and the current of the fixed station 10 calculated from the received GPS signal By comparing the three-dimensional coordinate values (values calculated in the step (S22)) for the position it is determined whether the same or different (S30). Since an error is inevitably included in the calculated coordinate value of the current position here, it can also be comprised so that it may determine that it is the same as it is within the set error range in consideration of various errors.

If it is determined that the comparison result in step (S30) is different, the difference between the three-dimensional coordinate value for the reference position of the fixed station 10 and the calculated current position is calculated (S40).

Since the difference corresponds to the error of the GS data due to various factors at the time of measurement, the three-dimensional coordinate value of the current position of each measuring station 20 calculated in the step (S24) is corrected by this difference. (S50).

By correcting as described above, the measurement error can be reduced as much as possible, so that accurate measurement is possible, and it is possible to grasp the behavior (movement) in mm of the measurement station 20.

The control unit 30 stores the three-dimensional coordinate values of the current position of each measurement station 20 corrected as described above in the storage device 46 (S62).

If it is determined that the result of the comparison in the step (S30) is the same, the three-dimensional coordinate value for the current position of each measuring station 20 calculated in the step (S24) is stored in the storage device 46 without correction (S64). ).

When the control unit 30 stores the three-dimensional coordinate values of the current position of each measuring station 20 in the storage device 46, the control unit 30 also outputs the values through the output device 44.

And three-dimensional coordinates of the reference position of each measuring station 20 inputted in the step S10 of the three-dimensional coordinate values of the current positions of the respective measuring stations 20 stored in the steps S62 and S64. It is determined whether the value is within the set error range by comparing with the pre-stored three-dimensional coordinate value at the time or the previous point (S70).

If it is within the error range in step (S70), the fixed station 10 and each measuring station 20 proceeds to the step (S12) and (S14) to receive the signal of the GPS satellite 6, and the error range If out of the 3D coordinate value for the reference position of each measuring station 20 input in the step (S10) and the current position of each measuring station 20 stored in the steps (S62) and (S64) The difference between the three-dimensional coordinate values is calculated, and it is determined whether the calculated result is within a set range (flow distance of a specific point for determining whether the behavior of the slope 2 is abnormal) (S80).

If it is within the range set in the step (S80), the fixed station 10 and each measuring station 20 proceeds to the steps (S12) and (S14) of receiving signals of the GPS satellite 6, and the set range If out of the control unit 30 sends an alarm signal to the alarm device 42 to issue an alarm (S90).

In the above configuration (S70) and (S80) has been configured to make two determinations, it is also possible to omit the step (S70) and to proceed directly to the step (S80).

In the above, the method and system for monitoring slope behavior using GPS according to the present invention has been described as being applied to slopes 2 such as cutouts and dams, but the present invention is not limited thereto, but is not limited to bridges, roads, high-rise buildings, and amusement rides. It is also possible to apply to such structures.

In the above, a preferred embodiment of a method and system for monitoring slope behavior using GPS according to the present invention has been described, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications are made within the scope of the claims and the detailed description of the invention and the accompanying drawings. Can be carried out, and this also belongs to the scope of the present invention.

According to the method and system for monitoring the slope behavior using the GPS according to the present invention as described above, the correction for the error of the GPS signal received from each measuring station using the GPS signal received from the fixed station installed in a fixed position Since it is possible to perform a measurement, a measured value is obtained very precisely, and it is possible to analyze the more accurate slope behavior.

In addition, according to the method and system for monitoring slope behavior using GPS according to the present invention, it is possible to grasp the behavior of the slope in real time and to monitor in real time via the Internet or a communication network, so that the state of the slope at that time can be grasped, It is possible to accurately determine the safety of the slope, and it is possible to minimize the damage to human life and property by issuing an alarm immediately when a danger occurs.

And according to the method and system for monitoring slope behavior using GPS according to the present invention, since it is possible to perform the control unit without storing or processing the received data, etc. in each station or measurement station, the structure of each station or measurement station It is possible to configure simply, to minimize manufacturing and installation costs, to narrowly set the installation position of the measuring station, and to install the measuring station inconspicuously.

Claims (13)

Install a station that receives GPS signals at a fixed position away from the slope and does not show the same behavior as the slope, On the slopes, a measurement station that receives GPS signals is arranged at intervals. After the fixed station and the measuring station are installed, the control station precisely surveys the positions where the fixed station and the measuring station are installed and inputs the three-dimensional coordinate values of the positions as reference positions. The fixed station and each measuring station receives a GPS signal transmitted from a specified GPS satellite at predetermined time intervals, The received GPS signal is transmitted to the control unit together with the identification code of the station and each measuring station, The control unit compares the three-dimensional coordinate value of the first reference position of the fixed station and the three-dimensional coordinate value of the current position of the fixed station calculated from the GPS signal received at a specific time point to determine whether the same or different, If it is determined to be different, the difference between the three-dimensional coordinate value for the reference position of the fixed station and the calculated three-dimensional coordinate value for the current position is calculated, and then the three-dimensional coordinate value for the calculated current position of each measuring station is calculated. Correct the difference and save the three-dimensional coordinates of the current position of each calibrated station. If it is determined to be the same, the calculated three-dimensional coordinate values of the current position of each measuring station are stored without correction, Calculate the difference between the three-dimensional coordinate values of the reference position of each measuring station and the three-dimensional coordinate values of the current position of each measuring station, It is determined whether the calculated result is within a set range, If it is within the set range, the fixed station and each measuring station proceeds to the step of receiving a GPS satellite signal, Method of monitoring slope behavior using GPS, which is a process of issuing an alarm when it is out of the set range. delete delete delete delete delete The station is installed at a fixed position away from the slope and does not show the same behavior as the slope. The station receives the GS signal and transmits the received GS signal by wireless communication with the corresponding identification code. Receiving a GPS signal and transmitting the received GPS signal together with a corresponding identification code through a wireless communication, and correcting the GPS signal transmitted from the measuring station by using a GPS signal transmitted from the fixed station. It includes a control unit that extracts and compares the extracted data in a predetermined time unit to monitor the behavior of the slope, and generates an alarm when an abnormality is detected in the slope of the monitoring result. The control unit includes a storage device for storing processed data and coordinate values for the reference position, an output device for outputting the processed data and graphed or tabulated data, a coordinate value of the reference position and measured coordinate values. When the result of the comparison determines that there is a possibility of slope collapse (landslide), an alarm device that issues an alarm is connected. The controller compares the calculated three-dimensional coordinate value of the position of the fixed station and the three-dimensional coordinate value of the preset reference position input, the three-dimensional coordinate value of the calculated position and the three-dimensional coordinate value of the reference position previously input. A system for monitoring slope behavior using GPS, configured to calculate a difference between and correct a value measured at the measuring station by the difference. delete delete delete delete delete delete

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