KR100623609B1 - Water permeable clayey block and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a water-permeable clay block and a method for manufacturing the same, the block of the present invention, 65 to 85% by weight of aggregate, 4.5 to 10.5% by weight of clay, blast furnace slag 6 to 14% by weight, abrasive sludge 3.3 to 7.7% by weight , 1.25 ~ 1.75% by weight of aluminum dross, 0.75 ~ 1.0% by weight of the curing agent, characterized in that the compressive strength of more than 150kgf / cm ² after 7 days of age, the block of the present invention is desired without using cement The mechanical properties are expressed, environmentally friendly and vegetation is possible, it can exert the effect of protecting the ecosystem.

Non-Cement, Clay, Zeolite, Water Permeable, Shore Block, Grinding Sludge, Aluminum Dross, Hardener

Description

Water permeable clayey block and its manufacturing method             

1 is an internal electron micrograph of a water-permeable clay block without aluminum dross,

2 is an internal electron micrograph of the water-permeable clay block according to the present invention,

3 is an external photograph of a water-permeable clay block according to the present invention.

The present invention relates to a water-permeable clay block and a method for manufacturing the same, and more specifically, to environmental problems by recycling aggregate and clay produced in nature, fine slag powder for steelmaking, abrasive sludge treated with landfill, and aluminum dross. The present invention relates to a water-permeable clay block and a method of manufacturing the same, which can improve a river environment and create a nature-friendly landscape by using no cement at all.

Domestic river management has sacrificed environmental functions for the completion and management of water, and in the 1960s, industrialization and urbanization have been in earnest, and river management has focused only on the uniform and artificial river maintenance considering only water-saving function and economic feasibility. As a result, most of the national and provincial first-class rivers, which are 3,600km nationwide, are now covered with concrete. Problems such as river ecosystem disconnection due to the concrete block slope, stream stream simplification due to river straightening, weakening the water purification function of the river, and lack of biodiversity due to simplification of the section of the coriander site.

In addition, concrete blocks are manufactured using cement, which requires a lot of resources and energy to be consumed in manufacturing. It is also known that 900g of CO ₂ gas, which is a major cause of global warming, is produced in the production of 1kg of cement. Despite this situation, concrete materials are used continuously in most natural rivers.

As such, the river environment designed and constructed in concrete has a dry and dull feeling, and simply considering the economic feasibility, it is dissatisfied with the neighbors due to heterogeneity with the surrounding ecosystem. In the case of Upo Wetland in Changnyeong-gun, Gyeongsang-do, for example, a stream of concrete levees, which had been under construction, was stopped due to backlash from residents and environmental groups.

On the other hand, rivers designed by concrete have the disadvantages of inadequate ground environment and vegetation, and even if partial planting is made by creating a space of blocks, it creates rather dirty environment due to soil leakage or inconsistent vegetation. There is also a problem that it takes a long time to record the entire block. Efforts to curb the use of concrete products and development of eco-friendly products can create eco-friendly rivers and reduce the burden on environmental pollution.

In addition, permeable river blocks for vegetation used in rivers, etc. are mostly concrete products using cement as a binder, and many patents have been registered and applied to date. For example, permeable ocher vegetation blocks (Patent Publication 10-2004-0058764), environmentally friendly concrete for water purification using recycled aggregates (Patent Publication 10-2004-0025446), and high-performance vegetation porous concrete using resin-treated granular fertilizer. Method of manufacturing (Patent No. 0356460), porous concrete with high porosity for river banks and surface, and its construction method (Patent No. 0367196), of vegetation forged concrete using recycled aggregates and crushed stone and cement surface treatment granular fertilizer There is a manufacturing method (Patent No. 0356375), and all of them use cement as a binder, which is far from solving environmental pollution problems.

In particular, in the case of the product introduced by the cement-free clay-porous concrete composition and its manufacturing method (Patent No. 0348697), water glass is used as an alkali stimulant, and in this case, the water glass is used to improve the reactivity of the latent hydraulic blast furnace slag. Although used as a stimulant to promote, water glass has a low alkali irritant effect and very poor water resistance, the physical property value is also lower than the cement, since the whitening occurs after rain, rather it is pointed out that a lot of problems such as damaging the landscape.

 The present invention is to solve the problems described above, by reducing the environmental pollution problems by using no cement at the same time, recycling waste such as abrasive sludge, aluminum dross, and further using natural clay and natural aggregate It is an object of the present invention to provide a water-permeable clay block and a method of manufacturing the same, which are environmentally friendly, vegetable, and do not generate secondary waste.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a non-cement clay revetment block which can supply the necessary nutrients to plants without using granular fertilizer. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a water-permeable non-cemented clay revetment block that serves to protect the ecosystem by showing a natural friendly, human-friendly landscape as well as permeability and vegetation.

 The present invention is an effective binding and high compressive strength at the same time without using cement as a binder in the aggregate, and as a material to create a nature-friendly river landscape, clay, blast furnace slag, abrasive sludge, aluminum dross is added to the processed aggregate And using a small amount of a curing agent.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

In the present invention, the water-permeable clay block is mixed with clay, blast furnace slag, abrasive sludge, aluminum dross, etc. in a powder state, and then a hardening agent is added to a clay binder to make a slurry, followed by coating the surface of the processed aggregate. It is obtained by vibration (pressing) molding in the mold.

Aggregate used in the present invention is produced from aggregate mine No. 7 (5-7mm), No. 6 (10-13mm), No. 5 (15-19mm), No. 4 (19-25mm) aggregate size group It is selected from, specific gravity of 2.5 to 3.0, absorption rate of about 0.2%, it is appropriate to have the physical properties of the compressive strength of 920 ~ 1132kgf / cm ² .

Since the aggregate produced from the mine is produced in the form of segregation by the crusher, it is preferable to use the impact crusher crusher to be processed close to the circle. This is because when the segregation is large in the aggregate, when the load is applied at the stage of molding, the physical properties are weakened due to the intensive stress acting on the parts that are easily broken or broken by external force after construction. Moreover, when processing as mentioned above, since the fluidity | liquidity of an aggregate improves, moldability improves.

Clays used in the present invention generally include red clay (red clay) obtained from the surface of the earth, loess, kaolin, boreum clay obtained from the lower stream, primary clay, secondary clay, wood clay, and the like. Although not limiting, it is preferable to use red clay which has high plasticity and harmonizes well with the environment around the river. However, the calcined clay used in the products invented by the conventional inventors has the advantage of improving the reactivity due to its high activity, but since the calcining of clay at 800 ° C. requires a lot of secondary environmental pollution and energy, it is environmental and economical. Person burden is pointed out.

The blast furnace slag used in the present invention generally includes blast furnace slag for steelmaking, P slag, Pb slag, Ni slag, Cu slag, and the like, since it contains a large amount of amorphous SiO ₂ and CaO and easily contacts with alkali ions. It is a latent hydraulic material with very high reactivity. The use of the blast furnace slag is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use one having a powder degree of 4,000 cm ³ / g or more, and specifically, it is preferable to use a powder of 6500 cm ³ / g of the Institute of Basic Materials. . The use of blast furnace slag of such a high degree of powder is intended to sufficiently exhibit the latent hydraulic properties in a short time by the curing agent.

The abrasive sludge used in the present invention is a fine powder obtained by drying and pulverizing sludge after wastewater treatment of the abrasive washing water generated by the manufacture of CRT glass, wherein amorphous SiO ₂ and Al ₂ O ₃ are 33.8% and 35.3%, respectively. It is included and is currently being disposed of in landfill. SiO ₂ and Al ₂ O ₃ contained in the above-described abrasive sludge become important elements constituting zeolite which is a product inside the block of the present invention, and like the blast furnace slag, the potential hydraulicity is very good. As the substance being used, it is possible to easily elute upon contact with the curing agent used in the present invention and to express strength within a short time.

In addition, the aluminum dross used in the present invention is a waste generated when melting aluminum, which generates 60,000 tons per year in Korea, and since most of it is composed of Al ₂ O ₃ , there is a shortage of blast furnace slag and abrasive sludge in the production of zeolite. It supplements [Al ³⁺ ] ions to promote zeolite production on the clay particle surface.

Chemical composition analysis results of aggregate, clay, blast furnace slag, abrasive sludge, aluminum dross usable in the present invention are shown in Table 1 below.

[Table 1] Results of chemical composition analysis of available materials Unit: wt.%

Sample SiO2 Al2O3 TiO2 Fe2O3 MgO CaO Na2O aggregate 71.40 13.71 0.36 3.32 1.04 1.67 2.16 clay 64.06 17.70 0.96 5.89 1.07 0.39 0.63 Blast furnace slag 34.72 14.91 ㅡ 0.64 7.28 41.21 ㅡ Grinding Sludge 33.8 35.3 1.1 0.1 1.8 2.4 4.4 Aluminum dross 8.85 74.75 0.52 2.89 4.57 1.79 3.30

The curing agent used in the present invention is prepared by mixing and processing with SiO ₂ as a main component, specifically KOH, NaOH, Ca (OH) ₂ , carbonate, sulfate, sodium silicate, and silicate as additives to liquid silicates. It is manufactured by mixing at least 1 type or more of kali. KOH, NaOH, Ca (OH) ₂ , carbonate, sulfate, etc. added as described above have a problem in that long-term strength is high, but short-term strength is very low when used alone. This is difficult to load and package the product due to cracks and cracks around the edges and edges when the short-term strength is low, even if sufficient time is maintained in the curing room during the production of the product.

If too little or too much additive is added, whitening may occur, leading to deterioration of physical properties. In addition, when the silicate-based liquid is used alone, there is an advantage that it is initially cured. However, since the zeolite cannot be formed in the product, a high-strength product can not be obtained, and it may help the hydration reaction, but the water resistance is very weak and alone. It is undesirable to use.

In the present invention, to improve such a problem, by adding one or more of the above additives to the liquid silicate, it promotes the hydration reaction of the zeolite and the latent hydraulic material in the product, expresses a high strength initially and immediately loads immediately after curing Was made possible. More specifically, the curing agent by leaching the clay binder ^{[Si 2+], [Al 3+} ], [Na +], [Ca 2+], [OH -] and the like, and serves to elution, the eluted cation Is produced as zeolite and hydrate on the clay surface, specifically hydroxy sodalite (Hydroxysodalite: Si ₁₂ Al ₁₂ O ₄₈ · Na ₁₂ , 18H ₂ O). The resulting zeolite significantly reduces the pores in the product, improving its strength, and bonding the particles to the particles to prevent them from releasing upon contact with water.

The composition of the water-permeable clay block of the present invention has a composition of 65 to 85 parts by weight of aggregate, 15 to 35 parts by weight of clay binder, 0.75 to 1.0 part by weight of hardener, and the compressive strength after 7 days of product age is 150 kgf / cm ² or more. More preferably, in the case of aggregate No. 6 crushed stone, the aggregate is used in the range of 65 to 75 parts by weight, clay binder 25 to 35 parts by weight. In addition, when the aggregate is No. 5 to 4 crushed stone, it is preferable to use in the range of 75 to 85 parts by weight of aggregate, 15 to 25 parts by weight of clay binder.

When the amount of clay binder added is less than the minimum amount under each condition, the binder content is relatively insufficient compared to the aggregate, so the surface of the aggregate cannot be uniformly coated, and there is a problem such as collapse in the molding step due to poor moldability. If more than the maximum amount is added, the coating state and the formability and compressive strength of the aggregate is excellent, but the porosity is lowered, the problem of lack of vegetation and permeability.

 On the other hand, the clay binder consists of adding 30 to 50 parts by weight of blast furnace slag, 17 to 22 parts by weight of abrasive sludge and 3 to 7 parts by weight of aluminum dross to 20 to 40 parts by weight of clay. If the amount of clay added in the clay binder is less than 20 parts by weight, the plasticity is insufficient, the moldability is poor, it is difficult to supply sufficient nutrients necessary for planting, and the color of the product has a turbid color like cement, causing a heterogeneity. When the amount of clay is more than 40 parts by weight, the color is light ocher, whereas the binding strength of the binder is lowered, and the compressive strength is lowered. Blast furnace slag, if added in more than 50 parts by weight, lightens the color of the product, the physical properties are reduced. In addition, when less than 30 parts by weight, the moldability is poor, the amorphous glass phase is reduced and the reactivity is lowered, the compressive strength is lowered.

Abrasive sludge produced about 17 to 22 parts by weight and aluminum dross produced the most zeolite particles when 3 to 7 parts by weight were added.

It is preferable to add 0.25-1.0 weight part of addition amount of a hardening | curing agent to the composition which consists of 65-85 weight part of aggregates, and 20-40 weight part of clay. When the amount added is less than the above range, sufficient reaction does not occur and it is difficult to expect the desired physical properties, but rather, whitening phenomenon is caused by the added cation. This is because most of the cations react with CO ₂ in the air at the surface to cause whitening of carbonates because the added curing agent cannot fully participate in the reaction. In addition, when the amount exceeds the above range, the remaining cations that participate in the reaction are eluted to the surface, which also causes whitening, and the increase of the amount eventually leads to an increase in cost, resulting in a weak price competitiveness in the market. Although many researchers have experimented with similar studies, they have not commented on the above-mentioned realistic problems, so they often remain a bottleneck in practical use.

The present invention is characterized in that the above-described physical property values can be obtained in concrete products without using organic materials such as high strength water reducing agents or air retardants added to cement as described above.

In the manufacturing method of the present invention, first, the clay binder is mixed with a ball mill, a speed mill, a mortar mixer, and the like, and then, the aqueous solution of the previously prepared curing agent and the liquid / solid ratio are added in a ratio of 3.5 to 5.0, and then mixed in a slurry form. It is molded by mixing with the aggregate according to the blending ratio. The molding method is not particularly limited, and uniaxial pressure molding, uniaxial pressure vibration molding, vibration molding, vibration molding, or the like may be used depending on the type of press. The obtained molded body is moved to the reka through the demolding process. After the transfer is complete, the molded part is allowed to air dry for at least 6 hours in the shade. This is because, when the molded product is exposed to the sun or receives high temperature heat while the surface is wet, cracks and cracks are more likely to occur as the moisture moves to the surface due to a temperature difference between the surface and the inside. After 6 hours of natural curing, transferred to Leca, the molded product is heated and cured for 5 hours in a steam curing room. At this time, the humidity is 50 to 60%, the temperature is preferably maintained at 70 ~ 80 ℃.

Steam cured product for more than 3 hours at 50 ~ 60% humidity, 80 ℃ or higher moves to hot air curing room, and reacts at high temperature for more than 3 hours at 150 ℃, which is the formation temperature of Zeolite in curing room, and naturally cools to room temperature. The product is loaded and packaged and subjected to natural curing at the yard for 7 days. At this time, by installing a plastic house and curing by using solar heat can reduce the age of the age.

Embodiments of the present invention are as follows.

Example 1

A clay binder composed of 7.5 parts by weight of clay, 10 parts by weight of blast furnace slag, 5.5 parts by weight of abrasive sludge, and 1.25 parts by weight of aluminum dross, was prepared by adding 10% by weight of KOH to a liquid silicate and mixing, and 62% of SiO _2. 0.75 parts by weight of a curing agent with a solid content of 73% was added, mixed, coated with 75 parts by weight of processed aggregate of No. 5 crushed stone, and sufficiently mixed with the aggregate using a mixing mixer to maintain fluidity, and then vibrated. It was put into a compression molding machine and molded using a vibrator while filling up, down, left and right vibrations. The molded specimens were naturally dried in a shaded area for at least 6 hours to prevent cracks from occurring in the specimen body, and then reacted for 5 hours at 70-80 ° C. steam curing and 3 hours at 150 ° C. hot air curing, and then cooled to room temperature. Natural cure for one day. The manufacturing conditions are summarized in Table 2, and the obtained physical properties are shown in Table 3 below (the same day).

The internal micrograph of the block obtained by the present example was as shown in Figure 2, the external photograph was as shown in FIG. 2, the block of the present invention is confirmed that the crystals of the microspheres presumed to be zeolite is formed clearly, and by Fig. 3 it is confirmed that the block of the present invention is significantly more beautiful than the conventional block. Can be.

Example 2

The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that 5 parts by weight of clay and 12.5 parts by weight of blast furnace slag were changed.

Example 3

In the same manner as in Example 1, 10 parts by weight of clay, 8.75 parts by weight of blast furnace slag, and 4.25 parts by weight of abrasive sludge were changed.

Example 4

It carried out similarly to Example 1, but changed the hardening | curing agent to 0.25 weight part.

Example 5

It carried out similarly to Example 1, but changed the hardening | curing agent to 1.0 weight part.

Example 6

In the same manner as in Example 1, the aggregate was changed to 65 parts by weight.

Example 7

The same procedure as in Example 1, the aggregate was changed to 85 parts by weight.

Example 8

The same procedure as in Example 1, except that the aggregate size was changed to 5 ~ 7mm (particle diameter).

Example 9

The same procedure as in Example 1, the aggregate size was changed to 10 ~ 13mm (particle diameter).

Example 10

The same procedure as in Example 1, but changed the aggregate size to 19 ~ 25mm (particle diameter).

Comparative Example 1

The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the aluminum sludge was changed to 11.25 parts by weight.

Comparative Example 2

The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the blast furnace slag was changed to 16.75 parts by weight, except for aluminum dross and abrasive sludge.

Comparative Example 3

The same procedure as in Example 1, except that the blast furnace slag and aluminum dross was changed to 16.75 parts by weight.

Comparative Example 4

25 parts by weight of ordinary Portland cement was added to 75 parts by weight of crushed stone, and 350 to 360 parts by weight of water were mixed using a mixing mixer, and then a porous concrete composition was prepared by vibrating pressure molding.

Manufacturing conditions and physical properties of the obtained specimens are shown in Tables 2 and 3 below.

TABLE 2

TABLE 3

 division  Compressive strength (kgf / cm2)  Porosity (%)  Remarks  division  Compressive strength (kgf / cm2)  Porosity (%)  Remarks Example 1 219.7 18 7-day compressive strength measurement Example 8 173.3 14 7-day compressive strength measurement Example 2 203.9 19 Example 9 193.7 16 Example 3 175.8 21 Example 10 174.4 22 Example 4 173.3 19 Comparative Example 1 154.7 18 Example 5 220.2 17 Comparative Example 2 136.7 19 Example 6 214.5 12 Comparative Example 3 103.5 19 Example 7 175.4 25 Comparative Example 4 167.5 17

Example 11

The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out, but the additive of the curing agent was changed to sodium silicate.

Example 12

It carried out similarly to Example 1, but changed the additive of the hardening | curing agent to the califluoride.

The physical properties of the obtained specimen were as shown in Table 4 below.

TABLE 4

 division  Compressive strength (kgf / cm2)  Porosity (%)  Remarks  division  Compressive strength (kgf / cm2)  Porosity (%)  Remarks Example 11 180.4 18 Example 13 176 21 Example 12 189.2 16

As described in detail above, the aggregate is uniformly coated with a clay binder, and then the aggregate is bonded by zeolite generated in the clay binder with wet curing and high temperature hot air curing. It is possible to reduce the burden on the environmental pollution problem because secondary waste does not occur because clay and other raw materials are inorganic materials.

In addition, the clay is supplied with the nutrients necessary for the plant, the natural color of the product is possible by the color of the clay added.

In addition, the formation of pores by adjusting the size of the aggregates induces permeability through the pores and the rooting of the plants.In the river environment, the pores in the product act as a filter, and the water quality can be purified by the generated zeolite. Application is possible.

In addition, if the compressive strength exceeding the properties of the porous concrete is used as it is, the wider choice of materials is available to consumers, and eco-friendly materials can be provided to create profits by forming new river markets. .

Claims (6)

Clay binder 15- consisting of (a) 65-85 parts by weight of aggregate, (b) 20-40 parts by weight of clay, 30-50 parts by weight of blast furnace slag, 17-22 parts by weight of abrasive sludge and 3-7 parts by weight of aluminum draw. It is composed of 35 parts by weight, and (c) 0.75-1 part by weight of the curing agent, and an environmentally friendly water-permeable clay block, characterized in that the compressive strength of 7 days after the age of 150kgf / cm 2 or more. According to claim 1, Eco-friendly permeable clay block, characterized in that the zeolite is produced inside the clay block. The eco-friendly permeable clay block according to claim 1, wherein the curing agent is a mixture of at least one selected from potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide with a silicate-based liquid binder which is a reaction accelerator. The environmentally friendly water-permeable clay block as claimed in claim 1, wherein the curing agent is a mixture of at least one selected from among silica silicate and sodium silicate and a silicate liquid phase which is a reaction accelerator. (a) 15-35 parts by weight of a clay binder consisting of 20-40 parts by weight of clay, 30-50 parts by weight of blast furnace slag, 17-22 parts by weight of abrasive sludge and 3-7 parts by weight of aluminum draw, and (b) a curing agent 0.75- 1 part by weight, (c) coating the 65-85 parts by weight of the aggregate, (d) filling the aggregate coated on the mold and vibrating using a vibrator to fill the mold, and (e) performing steam curing Method of manufacturing eco-friendly permeable clay block through. The method of claim 5, wherein the curing agent is a liquid silicate solution in which at least one selected from caustic soda, caustic caustic, calcium hydroxide, carbonate, carylidene fluoride, and sodium silicate is mixed. .

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