KR100592808B1 - Device for sealing a rock wall and device for reinforcing and sealing a rock wall - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for sealing a rock wall, which device comprises an injection tube (3) adapted to be introduced into a bore hole (30) in the rock wall, into which bore hole filling material (31) is intended to be injected through the injection tube (3). The device also comprises a non-return valve (4) for the filling material, and may be permanently connected to a reinforcement bar (1) in order for the device to achieve both sealing and reinforcement.

Description

DEVICE FOR SEALING A ROCK WALL AND DEVICE FOR REINFORCING AND SEALING A ROCK WALL}

The present invention relates to an apparatus for sealing a rock wall comprising an injection tube introduced into a bore hole in a rock wall, through which injection material is injected into the bore hole.

According to one aspect of the invention, such a device may comprise a reinforcing rod, for example a conventional reinforcement bar, so that both sealing and reinforcing effects are achieved using the device according to the invention. The invention is used in the construction of tunnels and other rock cavities.

For example, for rock work to build a tunnel or rock cavity, rock reinforcement is most often required to increase strength, and it is necessary to seal cracks and the like to prevent water vapor and water from penetrating the tunnel or cavity. . Known reinforcement methods include providing uniformly dispersed bore holes in the rock wall, which can have a diameter of about 1/2 decimeter and a depth of about 1m to 6m.

One conventional rock reinforcement method is to continuously insert two centrally arranged tubes having different diameters into bore holes. After filling the space between the walls of the tube with cement or concrete, the tube can be pulled out and the reinforcing bar can be inserted into the center hole before the filling material is cured. The major disadvantage of this method is that the filling material and the reinforcing bar come out of the hole relatively frequently because the reinforcing is repeated several times before completing the reinforcing. In addition, if there is a leak from the rock into the crack leading into the bore hole, the fill material may be swept away just before the fill material is cured. In this case, the rock must instead be sealed in the first stage, with rubber plugs or taps arranged in the bore hole openings normally and filled with concrete or cement which solidifies. Thereafter, holes are drilled in the reinforced concrete / cement in the manner described above. As is clear, the method described above involves several steps and nevertheless cannot fully guarantee that the reinforcement remains in place.

In more recent known systems, long bolts are introduced into each bore hole, and an upper part of the bore hole is provided with an expander that secures the bore hole. At the end of the bolt protruding out of the bore hole, there is a washer, which is placed on the bore hole in a cover manner and in which a hemisphere is arranged in the center. These bolts protrude outwardly into the hemisphere and are surrounded by a nut that becomes taut when the inflator above the bolt is secured to the rock. After the bolts have been secured, cement paste is poured into the hemisphere, inward into the bore hole, first into the plastic tube surrounding the bolt and then through the hole in the washer until the cement appears. . This system certainly provides reinforcement of rock walls but cannot provide reliable sealing against water-bearing cracks and the like. If air bubbles are formed in the cement closest to the bolt, there is a problem that corrosion occurs in the bolt.

Regarding the sealing of the rock wall, using cement or concrete filled inside the bore hole, there is a problem related to leakage through the crack of the rock wall. With respect to this problem, there is no existing device that can be used to fill the bore holes under static pressure of the filling material.

Conventional methods of sealing rock walls include, for example, labor intensive and expensive so-called "lining" of rock walls, ie concrete cladding. Another known method uses a sealing material that is injected into the rock wall. Since the sealing material comprises the toxic substance acrylamide, which can be distributed in the groundwater, it has been known to cause a considerable environmental disadvantage.

In the following, the present invention is mainly described in connection with an apparatus for sealing and reinforcing rock walls. However, the present invention also relates to a device which seals but does not reinforce the rock wall and does not include reinforcing rods or fastening means in the case of a device which only seals the rock wall.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a device for reinforcing and sealing a rock wall, by which the device can prevent or at least minimize the above-mentioned disadvantages, thereby carrying out the reinforcement and sealing of the rock wall with only a few steps, which is a borehole. This means that it can seal the moisture-containing cracks that propagate in and prevent air bubbles in the cement, while at the same time ensuring that the reinforcement is held in place.

The object of the present invention described above is achieved by a device for reinforcing and sealing a rock wall, which device is introduced into a bore hole in a reinforcing rod, such as a rock wall, to allow filling material to be injected into the bore hole. The apparatus also includes a non-return valve for the fill material. Such a non-return valve is adapted to withstand the positive pressure of the filling material in the bore hole. Thus, the filling material is injected under constant pressure and any cracks in the rock that develop into the bore holes are sealed. The non-return valve includes a rubber sleeve surrounding an injection tube provided with an outlet opening, which is preferably coupled with the reinforcing bar or equivalent.

In the following, other features and aspects of the present invention will become apparent from the drawings and detailed description.

Reference numerals in the accompanying drawings are added to the embodiments of the present invention.

1 is a partial cross-sectional side view of a portion of a seal and reinforcement device including a non-return valve and located proximate to an opening in a bore hole;

FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional side view of a portion of a device located closest to the bore hole and including an inflator for securing rock; FIG.

3 is a plan view of the rock washer for the expander of FIG. 2 before the rock washer is formed for an application.

4 is a side view of a partially cross-sectional view of the bore hole and reinforcement while the filler material is in the curing step.

Fig. 5 is a side view of the cross-section partially of the reinforcement finished in the rock.

FIG. 6 is a side view, partially in cross section, of the sealing device of an embodiment of the present invention, without a reinforcing rod, showing the borehole internal device while the fill material is in the curing step; FIG.
Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings
1: reinforcing bar 2: coupling sleeve
3: injection tube 4: non-return valve
5: sleeve 6: outlet opening
7: eye nut 8: ring fastener
9: flange 10: sleeve
11: washer 12: nut
13: narrow pipe 14: flange
21: sleeve type space piece 22: coupling pin
23 core portion 24 conical piece
25: upper cone 26: upper nut
27: lock washer 28: compression device (relaxation sleeve)
29: flange 30: bore hole
31A: Fill material 32: Crack
33 plate (disc or washer) 35 conduit
42: straight piece

First, referring to FIG. 1, a reinforcing bar that forms part of the device is shown at 1. Although the top of the reinforcing bar is cut in relation to the technical drawings, it actually has a length of about 0.5-10 m, preferably 1-7 m, more preferably 2-5 m. In Figures 1 and 2, the device is shown arranged in vertically and upwardly directed bore holes in the tunnel of a tunnel or rock cavity, which position is used in other details. . However, the device can be advantageously used for horizontal holes, inclined holes, or even vertically and downwardly guided holes. The reinforcement bar 1 has a rigid profile surface for firm fixation in cement or concrete, hereinafter described as a fill material, which will enclose the reinforcement bar. Through a coupling sleeve 2 welded firmly at both ends, an injection tube 3 is joined as an extension of the reinforcing bar arranged at the bottom, which is correspondingly longitudinally oriented. A cavity is provided and the bottom of the injection tube 3 is open for hose connection to fill the filling material.

A non-return valve is arranged at a distance below the coupling sleeve for the reinforcement bar 1 and the inlet tube 3. When the filling material is injected into the bore hole through the non-return valve under constant pressure, the non-return valve 4 is adapted to support the static pressure of the fill material. With this non-return valve, despite the static pressure, the filling material does not overflow outside the bore hole before it solidifies. The non-return valve 4 preferably includes a rubber sleeve 5 which surrounds a part of the injection tube 3. In the rubber sleeve region, the injection tube 3 has a plurality of outlet openings 6 for the filling material. The rubber sleeve 5, which can of course also be made of other materials with a certain degree of elasticity and strength, is shaped like an envelope of a truncated cone having a first diameter at the bottom and a second diameter that is relatively smaller at the top. Is suitable. At the first diameter, the rubber sleeve 5 is firmly hardened in an internally threaded eye nut 7, which in turn is a male fastened ring fastener. Tighten tightly on (8). The ring fastener 8 is firmly welded to the injection tube 3 while surrounding the injection tube 3. This ring fastener 8 also has a flange 9 at the bottom and the eye nut 7 is held on the top surface of the flange 9. The smaller diameter on top of the rubber sleeve 5 is end sealed around the injection tube 3. To this end, the nose comprises a small number, eg two, consisting of O-rings that are set into the rubber sleeve, or by successive few protrusions on the inside of the rubber sleeve at the tip part. Two internal lip seals are suitably provided.

Below the flange 9, a narrow tube 13 with an upper flange lying proximal to the lower surface of the flange 9 surrounds the injection tube. The upper short end of the seal, which is in the form of a sleeve 10 suitable for being made of rubber, is supported against the lower surface of the flange 14. This rubber sleeve 10 surrounds a portion of the lower part of the injection tube surrounded by the narrow tube 13 and is the lower short end of the rubber sleeve 10 against the washer 11 which is in turn supported against the nut 12. Is supported. In the region of the nut 12 and at a distance below the rubber sleeve 10, the injection tube 3 and / or the narrow tube 13 are machined with a male thread of the same thread size as the nut 12. .

Suitably the top piece of the device is arranged with a top piece forming an inflator. The expander shown in FIG. 2 forms an extension of the device shown in FIG. 1, wherein a longer piece (partially only shown) of the reinforcing bar 1 connects the part according to FIG. 1 with the part according to FIG. 2. The expander is coupled to the reinforcement bar by means of a sleeve-shaped spacing piece 21 welded tightly at the bottom at the end of the reinforcement bar and containing a female thread at the top. Coupling pins 22, which consist of straight pins provided with a male thread at least at a distance from the bottom and from the top, are screwed into this thread. At the top, the coupling pin 22 is partially screwed at the top-with no expansion-into the hole provided with the female thread in the core portion 23. As will be described in more detail below, when performing the step of securing the device into the rock, this hole is long enough to be screwed further. The core portion 23 is tapered into the uniaxial conical piece 24 with male threads machined over these conical pieces, the top cone 25 having a conical piece, and an upper section of the core portion 23. Surround a part of the. The upper cone portion 25 has an internal slope at the bottom fitted according to the conical piece 24 of the core portion 23. A top nut 26 is arranged above the top cone to hold the top cone tight. Preferably 1-10, suitably 2-6 lock washers 27 are around the core 23 between the inner slope of the upper cone and the conical piece 24 of the core 23. It is laminated and fixed to. This kind of lock washer is shown in the level state in FIG. 3 and comprises washers provided with preferably 2-10, suitably 4-7 slits 41. When these lock washers are fixed on the conical piece 24 of the core portion, the lock washers take the shape of a truncated cone. A loose sleeve 28 which serves as a compression device with an inwardly arranged flange 29 arranged at the bottom is provided with an upper portion of the coupling pin 22 and a lower portion of the core portion 23. Surrounding are arranged below these lock washers. This flange 29 is supported with respect to the upper minor end of the space piece 21.

Although not shown, the above description is preferably made of so-called cam steel in a hot-galvanized or other way that can protect the surface.

3 shows the lock washer 27 in the level state described above. Although the slit protrudes from the periphery of the washer, it does not fully extend toward the inner hole diameter of the washer, but it is suitable to have a tapering width inward and a radius closest inward. In order to prevent the washer from rotating when the washer is placed in the core 23, it is preferred that the inner bore diameter of the washer is provided with a shorter straight piece 42. Lock washers made of cold rolled, mild steel with a thickness of 0.1-1 mm, preferably 0.2-0.7 mm, more preferably 0.3-0.45 mm are suitable. In a preferred embodiment, the washer has an outer diameter of about 60 mm and an inner diameter bore of about 20 mm.

The function of the device is as follows. In FIG. 4, the bore hole 30 penetrates into the interior of the rock wall at least equal to the length of the device. The device is guided into the bore hole until the washer 11 and nut 12 are positioned at the inlet of the bore hole. Thereafter, the injection pipe 3 is preferably rotated in multiple times by a hydraulic device that grips a portion of the inserted injection pipe that protrudes outward from the bore. This rotation thus extends up to the reinforcement bar 1 and further to the sleeved space piece 21 which engages the upper part of the reinforcement bar 1. As a result, the upper part of the coupling pin 22 is screwed further into the threaded hole of the core portion, and the upper short end of the space piece is sleeved so that the sleeve 28 is compressed upward against the lock washer 27. Compression on the lower flange 29 of 28. The sleeve 28 then acts as a compression device on the lock washer so that the shape of the truncated cone of the sleeve 28 is at least somewhat flattened out. By this, the circumference of the lock washer will be tightly compressed into the wall of the bore hole, so that the whole device will be fixed to the rock. Next, by tightly tightening the nut 12, the borehole is sealed by the apparatus contained therein at the bottom of the borehole, so that the rubber sleeve 10 is axially compressed. As shown in FIG. 4, the rubber sleeve is expanded in the radial direction to seal between the injection tube 3 and the lower wall of the bore hole. The pipe (not shown) can now be connected to the inlet tube, and when the filling material 31A is injected under constant pressure, it flows out of the outlet opening 6 of the inlet tube and inside the bore hole at the upper diameter of the rubber sleeve 5 Pass through. Before the filling material is cured, the rubber sleeve 5 acts as a non-return valve configured in the device such that the filling material does not flow out of the bore hole even under constant pressure. For example, a small diameter conduit 35 of hydraulic tubing, which reaches the furthest area of the bore hole 30, is arranged. This conduit 35 acts as a degassing conduit 35 which introduces air or gas out of the bore hole as the filling material is introduced. During the introduction of the filling material, when the filling material starts to flow out of the conduit continuously, the open end of the conduit 35 adjacent to the inlet of the bore hole is sealed, and then the introduction of the filling material into the bore hole under constant pressure. You can continue.

Despite the fact that the crack may be a moisture containing layer, the static pressure also causes the filler material to pass through any cracks 32 that are led into the bore holes. When the desired static pressure is obtained, which may reach a static pressure of about 100 bar or suitably about 50-80 bar, the pipe connection can be disconnected and the non-return valve 4 and the rubber sleeve 10 With the help of), the filling material 31A can remain and cure under positive pressure. When the filling material is hardened, the nut 12 is loosened to remove the washer and the rubber sleeve 10 is pulled out of the bore hole by a narrow tube 13 provided with a flange.

Thereafter, by providing a large washer (not shown) with a hole for filling the filling material in one side to the opening of the bore hole, the space under the flange 9 is filled by the filling material 31B (FIG. 5), The air in the hole escapes through the air pipe. However, if the risk of corrosion is not large, the rubber sleeve 10, washer 11 and nut 12 may be permanently held in place after the device is applied to the bore hole. The opening of the bore hole and its intermediate surroundings are covered in a conventional manner by plates, discs or washers 33 which are pressed against the rock wall by nuts 34 which are tightened to the protruding parts of the injection tube.

By means of the present invention, a relatively simple and inexpensive configuration is achieved by the function of the seal and the non-return valve to allow the filling material to be injected into the bore hole to cure under favorable static pressure. This relatively simple and inexpensive configuration allows the seal, non-return valve and expander to be cast in the bore hole, thereby forming a permanent and removable material as possible without incurring too much cost. Proximate to the reinforcing bar, corrosion-promoting air bubbles are prevented due to static pressure. Another advantage of the device according to the invention is that the device can be used to fill materials with varying viscosity or dry content depending on the surroundings and the options.

Referring to FIG. 6, it is shown that the embodiment of the present invention, which is a device for sealing without reinforcing the rock wall, corresponds completely with the lower part of the device shown in FIGS. 1, 4 and 5. Thus, the device in the embodiment of FIG. 6 does not include reinforcing rods or fastening means. Instead, the injection tube 3 terminates downstream of the non-return valve 4 with a blind end wall 3A. By means of the device according to the embodiment of FIG. 6, the filling material can be introduced into the bore under constant pressure, and the filling material can be cured under a constant pressure maintained, thus good sealing of the cracks 32 formed in the bore holes. . This embodiment of the present invention is advantageous to use in relatively high strength and leaking rock.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but may be modified within the scope of the following claims. Thus, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that an inflator that secures the device to a rock can be implemented in many different ways, some of which belong to the prior art. The seal and reinforcement device can be used completely without fixing. In addition, the non-return valve 4 and the rubber sleeve 10 may be considered to be embodied in other materials in other ways.

Claims (20)

In a device for sealing a rock wall, comprising an injection tube (3) introduced into a bore hole (30) of a rock wall, wherein a filling material (31) is injected into the bore hole through the injection tube (3). Further comprising a non-return valve (4) for the filling material, Device for sealing rock walls. The method of claim 1, The non-return valve 4 is characterized in that it withstands the static pressure of the filling material 31 in the bore hole and is connected to the injection tube 3 in the device, Device for sealing rock walls. The method of claim 1, The non-return valve 4 comprises a sleeve 5 of a tough elastic material surrounding the injection tube 3, which is provided with an outlet opening 6 in the region of the sleeve 5. Characterized in that Device for sealing rock walls. The method of claim 3, wherein Said sleeve 5 is made of rubber, Device for sealing rock walls. The method according to claim 3 or 4, The sleeve 5 has an external shape of a truncated cone, the circumference of the shortest shortened end of the sleeve is arranged sealingly around the injection tube 3, and the circumference of the shortest end of the longest width of the sleeve is injected. It is connected to the pipe (3), Device for sealing rock walls. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, A portion arranged close to the opening of the bore hole 30 is provided with a seal 10 arranged to act against the wall of the bore hole, Device for sealing rock walls. The method of claim 6, The seal 10 consists of a sleeve of rubber or other tough elastic material surrounding the injection tube 3 at the atmospheric inlet position of the non-return valve 4, the sleeve being axially compressed Expands radially if so, to achieve a sealing effect against the wall of the bore hole 30, and the sleeve 10 is arranged to be removed when the filling material is cured, thereby occupying by the sleeve Characterized in that the filled space can instead be filled with additional filling material, Device for sealing rock walls. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, A degassing conduit 35 is arranged in connection with the device and the degassing conduit 35 draws air and gas from the bore hole 30 when the filling material 31 is injected into the bore hole. Characterized in that it is to be discharged, Device for sealing rock walls. In a device for reinforcing and sealing a rock wall, comprising a reinforcing bar (1) introduced into a bore hole (30) of a rock wall, into which a filling material (31) is injected. Further comprising a non-return valve (4) for the filling material, Device for reinforcing and sealing rock walls. The method of claim 9, The non-return valve 4 bears the positive pressure of the filling material 31 in the bore hole and is permanently connected to the reinforcing bar 1 before being introduced into the bore hole 30. doing, Device for reinforcing and sealing rock walls. The method of claim 9, The filling material is arranged to be injected under constant pressure, wherein any cracks 32 in the rock that develop into the bore holes are sealed by the filling material, Device for reinforcing and sealing rock walls. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, The non-return valve 4 comprises a sleeve 5 of tough elastic material surrounding the injection tube 3, which has an outlet opening 6 in the region of the sleeve 5. It is provided, characterized in that the inlet pipe is permanently connected to the reinforcing bar (1), Device for reinforcing and sealing rock walls. The method of claim 12, Said sleeve 5 is made of rubber, Device for reinforcing and sealing rock walls. The method of claim 12, The sleeve 5 has an outer shape of a truncated cone, the circumference of the shortest end of the sleeve is arranged sealingly around the injection tube 3, and the circumference of the shortest end of the longest width of the sleeve is It is characterized in that it is connected to the injection pipe (3), Device for reinforcing and sealing rock walls. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, A portion of the device arranged close to the opening of the bore hole 30 is provided with a seal 10 arranged to act against the wall of the bore hole, Device for reinforcing and sealing rock walls. The method of claim 15, The seal 10 consists of a sleeve of rubber or other tough elastic material surrounding the injection tube 3 at the atmospheric inlet position of the non-return valve 4, the sleeve being axially compressed Expands radially if so, to achieve a sealing effect against the wall of the bore hole 30, and the sleeve 10 is arranged to be removed when the filling material is cured, thereby occupying by the sleeve Characterized in that the filled space can instead be filled with additional filling material, Device for reinforcing and sealing rock walls. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, A degassing conduit 35 is arranged in connection with the device and the degassing conduit 35 discharges air and gas from the bore hole 30 when the filling material 31 is injected into the bore hole. Characterized in that Device for reinforcing and sealing rock walls. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, A portion of the device disposed furthest from the bore hole is provided with an expander for fixing the rock, the expander being arranged to expand by rotation of the reinforcing bar 1, Device for reinforcing and sealing rock walls. The method of claim 18, The inflator comprises a lock washer 27 provided with a slit arranged around the reinforcement bar 1 or a top piece connected to the reinforcement bar, wherein the lock washer has the shape of a truncated cone before expansion. doing, Device for reinforcing and sealing rock walls. The method of claim 19, The inflator includes a compression device, the compression device being arranged to be compressive against the lock washer 27 such that the truncated conical shape is at least slightly flat for expansion of the inflator, the lock washer It is fixed in the circumference of the bore hole wall, Device for reinforcing and sealing rock walls.

Images