KR100582928B1 - Backlight Assembly of Liquid Crystal Display - Google Patents
Backlight Assembly of Liquid Crystal Display Download PDFInfo
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- KR100582928B1 KR100582928B1 KR1019980028272A KR19980028272A KR100582928B1 KR 100582928 B1 KR100582928 B1 KR 100582928B1 KR 1019980028272 A KR1019980028272 A KR 1019980028272A KR 19980028272 A KR19980028272 A KR 19980028272A KR 100582928 B1 KR100582928 B1 KR 100582928B1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
- G02B6/0031—Reflecting element, sheet or layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
- G02B6/0053—Prismatic sheet or layer; Brightness enhancement element, sheet or layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0081—Mechanical or electrical aspects of the light guide and light source in the lighting device peculiar to the adaptation to planar light guides, e.g. concerning packaging
- G02B6/0086—Positioning aspects
- G02B6/009—Positioning aspects of the light source in the package
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133615—Edge-illuminating devices, i.e. illuminating from the side
Abstract
액정표시장치의 백라이트 어셈블리는 굴절율이 작은 상층과 굴절율이 큰 하층으로 이루어진 도파관의 하층 일측면에 렌즈에 의해 발광램프의 광선을 집광시켜 하층에서 전반사가 이루어지면서 진행되고, 굴절율이 작은 상층에 형성된 결함에 의해 하층에서 광선이 전반사되지 않고 상층을 거쳐 LCD패널로 전달되도록 구성된다.In the backlight assembly of the liquid crystal display device, a light beam of a light emitting lamp is condensed by a lens on one side of a waveguide formed of an upper layer having a small refractive index and a lower layer having a large refractive index, and is formed by total reflection at a lower layer. It is configured to be transmitted to the LCD panel through the upper layer without the total reflection from the lower layer by.
따라서, 본 발명은 무겁고 큰 도광판이나 프리즘을 대신하여 가볍고 작은 도파관을 이용하므로 부품 수를 줄이고, 백라이트 어셈블리의 경량화, 소형화를 이룩하며 나아가 제품 경쟁력을 강화시킨다.Therefore, the present invention uses a light and small waveguide instead of a heavy and large light guide plate or prism, thereby reducing the number of parts, making the backlight assembly lighter and more compact, and further enhancing product competitiveness.
Description
본 발명은 액정표시장치의 백라이트 어셈블리에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 도파관을 이용하여 제품의 경량화, 소형화를 이룩하도록 한 액정표시장치의 백라이트 어셈블리에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a backlight assembly of a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly, to a backlight assembly of a liquid crystal display device to achieve light weight and miniaturization of a product using a waveguide.
일반적으로 알려진 바와 같이, 표시장치들 중의 하나인 씨알티(CRT: cathode ray tube)는 텔레비젼을 비롯해서 계측기기, 정보 단말기기 등의 모니터에 주로 이용되어 왔으나 CRT 자체의 큰 무게나 크기로 인하여 전자 제품의 소형화, 경량화의 요구에 적극 대응할 수 없었다.As is generally known, one of the display devices, cathode ray tube (CRT) has been mainly used in monitors such as televisions, measuring instruments, information terminal devices, etc., but due to the large weight or size of the CRT itself, Could not respond actively to the demand for miniaturization and weight reduction.
이러한 CRT를 대체하기 위해 소형, 경량화의 장점을 갖고 있는 액정표시장치(liquid crystal display: LCD)가 활발하게 개발되어 왔고, 최근에는 평판 표시장치로서의 역할을 충분히 수행할 수 있을 정도로 개발되어 그 수요가 점차 증가하고 있다.To replace such CRTs, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), which have advantages of small size and light weight, have been actively developed, and in recent years, they have been developed enough to perform a role as flat panel displays. It is increasing.
LCD는 자체 발광을 하지 못하는 비발광성이기 때문에 LCD를 적용한 노트북 컴퓨터나 개인용 컴퓨터의 모니터를 어두운 장소에서 보기에 불편함이 많다. 그래서, 투과형 LCD모듈의 경우, 모니터의 화면을 보기에 편함을 느낄수 있도록 화면을 균일하게 조사하는 백라이트 어셈블리가 LCD패널의 후방에 설치된다.Since LCDs are non-luminescent, they can't see the monitor of notebook computers or personal computers with LCD in a dark place. Thus, in the case of a transmissive LCD module, a backlight assembly for irradiating the screen uniformly is installed at the rear of the LCD panel so as to feel comfortable viewing the screen of the monitor.
즉, 도 1에 도시된 바와 같이, LCD패널(10)의 전방으로 광을 전달하도록 LCD패널(10)의 후면에 백라이트 어셈블리(backlight assembly)(20)가 설치된다. 백라이트 어셈블리(20)는 LCD패널(10)의 후면 에지부에 발광램프(21)와 램프 반사판(23)으로 구성된 램프 어셈블리가 설치되고, 발광램프(21)로부터의 광선과 램프 반사판(23)으로부터의 광선을 LCD패널(10)의 전면으로 균일하게 안내하도록 도광판(25)이 설치되고, 도광판(25)의 후면에 반사판(26)이 부착되고, 도광판(25)으로부터 안내된 광선을 확산하고 집광하는 확산판(27)과 프리즘(29)과 같은 시트류가 도광판(25)과 LCD패널(10) 사이에 설치되도록 구성된다. 프리즘(29)은 도광판(25)으로부터 안내된 광을 LCD패널(10)로 진행 방향 분포를 변경하는데 필요하다. 물론, 상기 각부품들을 수납하여 고정하도록 몰드프레임(도시 안됨)이 설치됨은 당연하다.That is, as shown in FIG. 1, a backlight assembly 20 is installed at the rear of the LCD panel 10 to transmit light to the front of the LCD panel 10. The backlight assembly 20 has a lamp assembly composed of a light emitting lamp 21 and a lamp reflecting plate 23 at the rear edge of the LCD panel 10, and includes a light beam from the light emitting lamp 21 and a lamp reflecting plate 23. The light guide plate 25 is installed to uniformly guide the light beams to the front surface of the LCD panel 10, the reflector plate 26 is attached to the rear surface of the light guide plate 25, and diffuses and collects the light guided from the light guide plate 25. Sheets such as the diffusion plate 27 and prism 29 are configured to be installed between the light guide plate 25 and the LCD panel 10. The prism 29 is necessary to change the direction of distribution of the light guided from the light guide plate 25 to the LCD panel 10. Of course, a mold frame (not shown) is installed to accommodate and fix the components.
이와 같이 구성되는 백라이트 어셈블리의 경우, 도광판(25)은 램프 어셈블리의 방향으로 갈수록 두께가 두껍도록 후면 경사지고, 램프 어셈블리는 도광판(25)의 장변 측면에 설치된다.In the case of the backlight assembly configured as described above, the light guide plate 25 is inclined to have a thicker thickness toward the lamp assembly, and the lamp assembly is installed at the long side of the light guide plate 25.
그런데, 종래의 백라이트 어셈블리는 근본적으로 도광판(25)과 프리즘(29)을 필요로 한다. 도광판(25)은 특성상 두께가 두껍고 무게가 무겁다.However, the conventional backlight assembly essentially requires the light guide plate 25 and the prism 29. The light guide plate 25 is thick in nature and heavy in weight.
그러므로, 종래의 백라이트 어셈블리는 많은 부품을 필요로 하므로 그만큼 제조원가가 높고, 경량화 및 소형화에 장애가 많은 문제점을 갖는다.Therefore, the conventional backlight assembly requires a large number of components, and thus, the manufacturing cost is high, and there are many problems in weight reduction and miniaturization.
따라서, 본 발명의 목적은 백라이트 어셈블리의 부품 수를 줄여 경량화 및 소형화를 이룩하도록 한 것이다.Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to reduce the number of parts of the backlight assembly to achieve a lighter weight and a smaller size.
본 발명의 다른 목적은 다음의 상세한 설명 및 첨부된 도면에 의해 보다 명확해질 것이다.Other objects of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.
이와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위한 액정표시장치의 백라이트 어셈블리는 도파관을 도광판으로 이용하고 프리즘을 필요로 하지 않도록 구성된다.The backlight assembly of the liquid crystal display device for achieving the above object is configured to use a waveguide as a light guide plate and do not require a prism.
도파관은 하층의 굴절율(n1), 상층의 굴절율(n2) 사이의 차를 이용하여 광선을 전반사하는 코아층이고, 상층은 결함들을 내포하고, 결함들은 하층의 굴절율(n1)을 가지므로 상층에 의해 전반사되는 것을 방지한다. 결함의 굴절율(n1)은 중심부에서 멀어질수록 상층의 굴절율(n2)에 근접한다. 따라서, 결함은 일종의 볼록렌즈와 같은 역할을 하여 광선의 방향을 조절할 수 있다.The waveguide is a core layer that totally reflects light rays using a difference between the refractive index n1 of the lower layer and the refractive index n2 of the upper layer, the upper layer contains defects, and the defects have an index of refraction n1 of the lower layer. To prevent total reflection. The refractive index n1 of the defect is closer to the refractive index n2 of the upper layer as it moves away from the center portion. Thus, the defect can act as a kind of convex lens to adjust the direction of the light beam.
광선이 입사되는 측면을 제외한 3 측면들과 저면에 예를 들어 알루미늄 재질의 반사판이 코팅되는데 이는 광선의 손실을 줄여주기 위함이다.On the three sides and the bottom, except for the side from which the light is incident, a reflector plate made of aluminum, for example, is coated to reduce the loss of light.
따라서, 본 발명은 백라이트 어셈블리의 경량화, 소형화를 이룩하고 나아가 LCD 제품의 경쟁력을 강화시킨다.Accordingly, the present invention achieves a lighter weight and a smaller size of the backlight assembly and further enhances the competitiveness of LCD products.
이하, 본 발명에 의한 액정표시장치의 백라이트 어셈블리를 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 상세히 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, a backlight assembly of a liquid crystal display according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
도 2를 참조하면, LCD패널(10)의 전방으로 광선을 전달하도록 LCD패널(10)의 후면에 백라이트 어셈블리(backlight assembly)(30)가 설치된다. 백라이트 어셈블리(30)는 LCD패널(10)의 후면 에지부에 발광램프(31)와 램프 반사판(32) 및 렌즈(33)로 구성된 램프 어셈블리가 설치되고, 램프 어셈블리로부터의 광선을 좌측면으로 입광하여 LCD패널(10)의 전면으로 균일하게 안내하도록 도파관(35)이 설치되고, 도파관(35)으로부터 안내된 광선을 확산하는 확산판(39)과 같은 시트류가 도광판(35)과 LCD패널(10) 사이에 설치되도록 구성된다.Referring to FIG. 2, a backlight assembly 30 is installed on the rear surface of the LCD panel 10 to transmit light rays to the front of the LCD panel 10. The backlight assembly 30 has a lamp assembly composed of a light emitting lamp 31, a lamp reflector 32, and a lens 33 at the rear edge of the LCD panel 10, and receives the light beam from the lamp assembly to the left side. Waveguide 35 is installed to uniformly guide the front surface of the LCD panel 10, and sheets such as a diffusion plate 39 for diffusing light guided from the waveguide 35 are disposed on the light guide plate 35 and the LCD panel ( 10) is configured to be installed between.
도파관(35)은 투광성 재질로 이루어진 상, 하층(135),(235)의 적층 구조를 가지며, 발광램프(31)의 광선을 조사되는 측면을 제외한 나머지 측면과, 저면에 예를 들어 알루미늄 재질의 반사막(335)이 코팅된다.The waveguide 35 has a laminated structure of upper, lower layers 135, and 235 made of a light-transmissive material, and the other side except the side from which the light of the light emitting lamp 31 is irradiated, and the bottom of the waveguide, for example, of aluminum Reflective film 335 is coated.
하층(235)은 n1의 굴절율을 가지고 상층(135)은 n2의 굴절율을 가지며, 이때 n1은 n2보다 큰 값이다. 상층(135)에는 결함들(D)이 내포되는데 결함(D)의 중심부는 하층(235)의 굴절율(n1)과 같은 굴절율을 갖고 측방향으로 갈수록 굴절율(n2)로 작아진다. 따라서, 결함은 광선을 출력하는 기능 외에 광선을 집광하는 렌즈의 역할을 한다.The lower layer 235 has a refractive index of n1 and the upper layer 135 has a refractive index of n2, where n1 is greater than n2. The defects D are included in the upper layer 135, and the center portion of the defects D has the same refractive index as that of the lower layer 235 and decreases in the lateral direction toward the refractive index n2. Thus, the defect serves as a lens for condensing the light beam in addition to the function of outputting the light beam.
이와 같이 구성되는 백라이트의 작용을 첨부된 도 3과 도 4를 참조하여 설명하기로 한다.The operation of the backlight configured as described above will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.
먼저, 발광램프(31)의 전방으로 발광된 광선이 렌즈(33)로 투사되고, 아울러 발광램프(31)의 후방으로 발광된 광선이 램프 반사판(32)에 의해 렌즈(33)로 투사된다.First, the light rays emitted to the front of the light emitting lamp 31 are projected to the lens 33, and the light rays emitted to the rear of the light emitting lamp 31 are projected to the lens 33 by the lamp reflector 32.
광선은 렌즈(33)에 의해 집광되면서 도파관(35)의 일측면, 예를 들어 좌측면으로 입사된다. 도파관(35)의 좌측면은 알루미늄 재질의 반사막(335)이 코팅되지 않은 면이다.The light beam is focused by the lens 33 and is incident on one side of the waveguide 35, for example, the left side. The left side surface of the waveguide 35 is a surface on which the aluminum reflective film 335 is not coated.
여기서, 도파관(35)의 하층(235)은 n1의 굴절율을 가지고 상층(135)은 n2의 굴절율을 가지며, 이때 n1은 n2보다 큰 값이다. 상층(135)에는 결함들(D)이 내포되는데 결함(D)의 중심부는 하층(235)의 굴절율(n1)과 같은 굴절율을 갖고 측방향으로 갈수록 굴절율(n2)로 작아진다. 따라서, 결함은 광선을 출력하는 기능 외에 광선을 집광하는 렌즈의 역할을 한다.Here, the lower layer 235 of the waveguide 35 has a refractive index of n1 and the upper layer 135 has a refractive index of n2, where n1 is greater than n2. The defects D are included in the upper layer 135, and the center portion of the defects D has the same refractive index as that of the lower layer 235 and decreases in the lateral direction toward the refractive index n2. Thus, the defect serves as a lens for condensing the light beam in addition to the function of outputting the light beam.
따라서, 광선이 임계각보다 크게 입사되면, 광선은 하층(235)의 상면을 전반사하고 또한 하층(235)의 저면에 코팅된 반사막(335)에 의해 반사되면서 하층(235)의 내부를 진행한다.Therefore, when the light beam is incident larger than the critical angle, the light beam totally reflects the upper surface of the lower layer 235 and also travels inside the lower layer 235 while being reflected by the reflective film 335 coated on the lower surface of the lower layer 235.
가령 상층(135)에 결함(D)이 적절히 분포하면, 예를 들어 광선이 전반사하는 하층(235)의 상면에 분포하면, 광선이 하층(235)의 상면에서 전반사되지 않고 상층(135)로 투과하여 LCD패널(10)의 전방으로 전달된다. 이는 결함(D)의 중심부의 굴절율이 하층(235)의 굴절율(n1)과 비숫하기 때문이다.For example, when the defect D is properly distributed in the upper layer 135, for example, when the light is distributed on the upper surface of the lower layer 235 through which the light is totally reflected, the light beam does not totally reflect on the upper surface of the lower layer 235 but passes through the upper layer 135. It is delivered to the front of the LCD panel 10. This is because the refractive index of the center portion of the defect D is not equal to the refractive index n1 of the lower layer 235.
결국, 도파관(35)은 종래의 도광판(25)의 역할을 함과 아울러 프리즘(29)의 역할을 수행한다.As a result, the waveguide 35 serves as a conventional light guide plate 25 and also serves as a prism 29.
따라서, 본 발명은 도광판과 프리즘을 필요로 하는 종래 기술에 비하여 도광판과 프리즘을 대신하여 도파관을 이용하므로 백라이트 어셈블리의 부품수를 줄이고 경량화 및 소형화를 이룩한다.Accordingly, the present invention uses a waveguide in place of the light guide plate and the prism as compared to the prior art requiring the light guide plate and the prism, thereby reducing the number of parts of the backlight assembly and achieving lighter weight and smaller size.
이상에서 설명한 바와 같이 본 발명에 따르면 액정표시장치의 백라이트 어셈블리는 굴절율이 작은 상층과 굴절율이 큰 하층으로 이루어진 도파관의 하층 일측면에 렌즈에 의해 발광램프의 광선을 집광시켜 하층에서 전반사가 이루어지면서 진행되고, 굴절율이 작은 상층에 형성된 결함에 의해 하층에서 광선이 전반사되지 않고 상층을 거쳐 LCD패널로 전달되도록 구성된다.As described above, according to the present invention, the backlight assembly of the liquid crystal display device collects light rays of the light emitting lamp by a lens on one side of the lower layer of the waveguide, which is composed of an upper layer having a small refractive index and a lower layer having a large refractive index. The light beam is not totally reflected in the lower layer by the defect formed in the upper layer having a small refractive index, and is transmitted to the LCD panel through the upper layer.
따라서, 본 발명은 무겁고 큰 도광판이나 프리즘을 대신하여 가볍고 작은 도파관을 이용하므로 부품 수를 줄이고, 백라이트 어셈블리의 경량화, 소형화를 이룩하며 나아가 제품 경쟁력을 강화시킨다.Therefore, the present invention uses a light and small waveguide instead of a heavy and large light guide plate or prism, thereby reducing the number of parts, making the backlight assembly lighter and more compact, and further enhancing product competitiveness.
한편, 본 발명은 당 분야에 통상의 지식을 가진 자에게 있어서 도면과 상세한 설명에 기재된 특정한 예에 한정되지 아니하고 다양한 변형의 가능함은 자명한 사실이다. 본 발명의 다양한 변형은 본 발명의 사상과 관점을 벗어나지 않는 범위 내에서 개별적으로 이해되지 아니하며 첨부된 특허청구의 범위에 속하는 것으로 간주하여야 할 것이다.On the other hand, the present invention is apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications are possible without being limited to the specific examples described in the drawings and detailed description. Various modifications of the present invention are not to be understood individually within the scope without departing from the spirit and perspective of the present invention and should be regarded as falling within the scope of the appended claims.
도 1은 종래 기술에 의한 액정표시장치의 백라이트 어셈블리를 나타낸 개략도.1 is a schematic view showing a backlight assembly of a liquid crystal display according to the prior art.
도 2는 본 발명에 의한 액정표시장치의 백라이트 어셈블리를 나타낸 개략도.2 is a schematic view showing a backlight assembly of a liquid crystal display according to the present invention.
도 3은 도 2의 도파관에서의 광 전달을 나타낸 상태도.3 is a state diagram showing the light transmission in the waveguide of FIG.
도 4는 도 3의 결함 D에서의 광 전달을 나타낸 상세도.FIG. 4 is a detail view of light transmission in defect D of FIG. 3. FIG.
<도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명><Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>
10: LCD 패널 20: 백라이트 어셈블리 21: 발광램프 22: 형광층 23: 램프 반사판 25: 도광판 26: 반사판 27: 확산판 29: 프리즘 30: 백라이트 어셈블리 31: 발광램프 32: 램프 반사판 33: 렌즈 35: 도파관 39: 확산판 135: 상층 235: 하층 335: 반사판DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 10 LCD panel 20 Backlight assembly 21 Light emitting lamp 22 Fluorescent layer 23 Lamp reflector 25 Light guide plate 26 Reflector 27 Diffuser plate 29 Prism 30 Backlight assembly 31 Light emitting lamp 32 Lamp reflector 33 Lens 35 Waveguide 39: Diffusion plate 135: Upper layer 235: Lower layer 335: Reflector plate
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KR101186728B1 (en) | 2010-04-14 | 2012-09-28 | 인타이어 테크놀로지 컴퍼니 리미티드 | Multi-layer light guide |
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KR20010099517A (en) * | 2001-10-18 | 2001-11-09 | 고경진 | The light guide panel for backlight |
KR20030061954A (en) * | 2002-01-14 | 2003-07-23 | 주식회사 테크자인 | Integrally laminated light pannel |
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JPH0772481A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1995-03-17 | Philips Electron Nv | Flat panel display device and radiation source suitable for use of lighting system and flat panel display device |
WO1996003473A1 (en) * | 1994-07-27 | 1996-02-08 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Refrigerant compositions |
WO1997007460A1 (en) * | 1995-08-16 | 1997-02-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Process and device for connecting a plurality of semiconductor chip cards |
JPH09258221A (en) * | 1996-03-18 | 1997-10-03 | Hitachi Ltd | Liquid crystal display device |
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JPH0772481A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1995-03-17 | Philips Electron Nv | Flat panel display device and radiation source suitable for use of lighting system and flat panel display device |
WO1996003473A1 (en) * | 1994-07-27 | 1996-02-08 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Refrigerant compositions |
WO1997007460A1 (en) * | 1995-08-16 | 1997-02-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Process and device for connecting a plurality of semiconductor chip cards |
JPH09258221A (en) * | 1996-03-18 | 1997-10-03 | Hitachi Ltd | Liquid crystal display device |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR101186728B1 (en) | 2010-04-14 | 2012-09-28 | 인타이어 테크놀로지 컴퍼니 리미티드 | Multi-layer light guide |
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