KR100571705B1 - The Separation Device of Micro Particles - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a microparticle separation apparatus for growing and separating a gas phase material into microparticles having a trappable size, and separating and collecting the microparticles according to the size of the microparticles. The present invention relates to a fine particle separation device capable of simultaneously separating a predetermined range of fine particles by connecting a separation unit suitable for each range in series.

The present invention is a nanoparticle generating means for generating gaseous precursors of airborne pollutants in the outdoors and indoors through the nucleation and condensation process into particles and growing them into nanoparticles. ; Sintering means for sintering at high temperature to make the nanoparticles into single spherical microparticles of uniform size; It is equipped with a plurality of separation means for separating the spherical fine particles by a certain range size, and attached to each of the plurality of separation means of the harmfulness measuring means for measuring the harmfulness of the fine particles to measure the harmfulness of the fine particles Characterized in that.

Nanoparticles, microparticles, sintering, hazards

Description

Separation Device of Micro Particles

1 is an overall configuration diagram of a microparticle separation device according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of manufacturing nanoparticles using the nanoparticle generating means according to the present invention.

Figure 3 is a flow chart of the microparticle separation device according to the present invention.

Figure 4 is a block diagram illustrating an inertial impactor according to the present invention.

5 is a cross-sectional view showing the principle of an inertial impactor according to the present invention.

6 is a cross-sectional view and a plan view of an acceleration nozzle substrate of an inertial impactor according to the present invention.

7 is a block diagram illustrating a virtual impactor according to the present invention.

8 is a cross-sectional view showing the principle of the virtual impactor according to the present invention.

9 is a perspective view illustrating a cyclone according to the present invention.

10 is a cross-sectional view of a cyclone according to the present invention.

11 is a block diagram illustrating a hazard measuring means according to the present invention.

<Description of Symbols for Main Parts of Drawings>

10 nanoparticle generating means 20 sintering means

30 separation means 32 first separation means

34: second separating means 36: third separating means

40: connector 50: hazard measurement means

60: inlet 62: acceleration nozzle substrate

64 discharge port 66 impingement plate

68: outlet 70: inlet

72: acceleration nozzle 74: collector

76: fuel dong exit 78: floating dong exit

80: inlet 82: body

84: collecting part 86: outlet

 The present invention relates to a microparticle separation apparatus for growing and separating a gas phase material into microparticles having a trappable size, and separating and collecting the microparticles according to the size of the microparticles. The present invention relates to a fine particle separation device capable of simultaneously separating a predetermined range of fine particles by connecting a separation unit suitable for each range in series.

Rapid industrial change has resulted in the release of various types of pollutants into the atmosphere, leading to a serious pollution situation for humans, most of which are harmful to humans.

Such contaminant particles have a different surface area according to their size, and the smaller particle size is rapidly adsorbed with heavy metals suspended in the air, and the specific surface area is rapidly increased.

Therefore, the concentration of heavy metals is rapidly increased in the small particles rather than large particles, the heavy metal in the air is adsorbed on the surface of the particulate matter and enters the human body, and the incoming heavy metal accumulates in the body causing fatal damage.

Due to these effects, various indoor and outdoor environmental standards have been prepared in terms of the harmfulness and air quality of the human body, and an apparatus and method for separating and analyzing particulate matter in the air for monitoring air quality at all times according to such environmental standards. Are required.

Conventional microparticle separation apparatus for separating particulate matter in the air in the outdoors and indoors when the microparticles are separated and collected by a predetermined range of diameters (100 nm or less, 100 to 500 nm, 500 to 1000 nm, etc.), respectively. Each of the microparticle separators was required separately.

This is because it is used to separate the microparticles of a specific size diameter, there was a problem that it is difficult to simultaneously separate a range of particles, such as 100nm or less, 100-500nm, 500-1000nm, and the like.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention by providing a predetermined range of fine particles to separate the separation means capable of separating the size of the fine particles by a certain range for each range of fine The present invention provides a microparticle separation device capable of simultaneously separating particles to measure the harmfulness of the particles.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention generates a gaseous precursor of the air pollutants in the outdoors and indoors through the nucleation and condensation process into particles and nanoparticles Nanoparticle generating means for growing with; Sintering means for sintering at high temperature to make the nanoparticles into single spherical microparticles of uniform size; It includes a separation means for separating the spherical fine particles by a certain range size.

In the present invention, the principle of generating nanoparticles is to produce a precursor of a gaseous state as a monomer of a precursor by a chemical reaction at a predetermined temperature or more, and then nucleation and condensation processes. To grow into particles. At this time, since the particle size is several nanometers or less, collisions occur due to active Brownian diffusion movement, and these collisions combine the particles with each other to increase the size of the particles. This is called coagulation. Generally, the shape of the particles as they are bonded can be divided into a chain form and a spherical shape after joining.In the case of a chain form, the sintering process can be performed again at high temperature. Can be generated.

The means used in the method of converting gaseous precursors into liquid materials as described above is an electric furnace, which functions as a heat source and reacts to cause gas particle conversion of the precursors. Done. The size and concentration of particles generated in the reactor can be controlled using the reactor operating conditions (concentration of precursors, reaction temperature, reaction time, residence time, etc.). 10 ⁶ -10 ¹² (pieces / cm 3) or more can be produced. The types of particles generated vary greatly depending on the type of precursor, and the nanoparticles that can be generated vary widely from oxides such as SiO ₂ , TiO ₂ , Fe ₂ O ₃ , ZnO, carbon black, carbon compounds, nitrogen compounds, and metals. It is also possible to configure the composite.

In the present invention, before the particles are separated by the diameter of the particles by using a separation means, that is, the nanoparticles of various sizes and shapes exiting the electric furnace are sintered at a high temperature to use a process of making spherical single particles of more uniform size. Can be. As such, when grown into spherical polydisperse particles through the sintering process and separated by the diameter of the particles using the separation means, it is possible to separate the spherical particles of the monodispersed (monodisperse) corresponding to each size region.

In the present invention, the nanoparticles generated in the electric heating furnace exhibit a polydispersion diameter distribution of 1 nm to 1000 nm, and in some cases, several particles are aggregated in chain form.

Separation means used to separate nanoparticles having various sizes and shapes into a certain range (for example, 100 nm or less, 100 to 500 nm, and 500 to 1000 nm, etc.) according to the diameter of the particle is DMA (Differential Mobility). Analyzer, Inertial impactor, Virtual impactor, Cyclone and the like can be used.

In the DMA, the microparticles are charged positively, negatively, and neutral at a constant rate according to their size, and pass them in the electric field, allowing the microparticles to move to a position where the resistance of the fine particles and the force by the electric field are balanced. It is a device that separates the fine particles according to the diameter.

The inertial impactor uses the inertia size of each of the particles by rapidly changing the flow path of the moving particles moving along the flow path. In other words, the particles with small inertia follow the flow of rapidly changing flow, and the particles with large inertia are out of the flow path. Using this phenomenon, the inertial impactor collides the particles out of the flow path with the impact plate. It is a device that separates particles.

The virtual impactor is installed in the collecting tube (receiving tube) having a virtual space under the acceleration nozzle, when the direction of the streamline is suddenly changed, particles larger than the cutoff diameter is trapped in the collection tube out of the streamline, the separation diameter Smaller particles flow along the mammary gland to separate particles.

The cyclone is a device that is separated by the centrifugal force of the particles introduced from the inlet, particles larger than the separation diameter impacts or attaches to the cyclone wall by the relatively large centrifugal force and accumulates in the collecting part, and particles smaller than the separation diameter are Because it has a small centrifugal force, it is a device that separates particles by exiting through the outlet without impacting the inner surface.

The present invention is provided with a plurality of separation means for separating each of the different diameter range to be separated by a predetermined range according to the diameter of the microparticles, first in the order of diameter size from the separation means that can separate the large diameter particles It is characterized in that connected in series.

Thus, the microparticles separated by the diameter of the particles may be supplied to the hazard measuring means for measuring the respective hazards, thereby measuring the hazards of the precursors.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings as one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

1 is an overall configuration diagram of a microparticle separation device according to the present invention, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing a nanoparticle manufacturing principle using the nanoparticle generating means according to the present invention, Figure 3 is a microparticle separation device according to the present invention 4 is a configuration diagram illustrating an inertial impactor according to the present invention, FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the principle of an inertial impactor according to the present invention, and FIG. 6 is an acceleration nozzle substrate of the inertial impactor according to the present invention. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a virtual impactor according to the present invention, FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the principle of the virtual impactor according to the present invention, and FIG. 9 is a perspective view illustrating the cyclone according to the present invention. 10 is described together as a cross-sectional view of a cyclone according to the present invention.

The fine particle separation device of the present invention comprises a nanoparticle generating means (10) for generating gaseous precursors into particles through nucleation and condensation and growing them into nanoparticles; ; Sintering means (20) for making the nanoparticles generated by the nanoparticle generating means (10) into single spherical microparticles of uniform size; And separating means 30 capable of separating the fine particles formed in the sintering means 20 according to the size of a predetermined range.

As shown in FIG. 2, the nanoparticle generating means 10 functions as a heat source and a reactor as a heat source for converting gas particles of a precursor as an electric furnace. Principle of nanoparticle generation using this method is to produce gaseous precursors into monomers of precursors by chemical reactions above a certain temperature, and then grow into nanoparticles through nucleation and condensation.

At this time, since the size of the nanoparticles are several nanometers or less, collisions between each other occur due to active brown diffusion motions, and these collisions increase the size of the nanoparticles through an aggregation process for bonding the particles to each other.

The sintering means 20 sinters the nanoparticles of various sizes and shapes exiting the nanoparticle generating means 10 at a high temperature before separating the nanoparticles generated by the nanoparticle generating means 10 by particle size. It is a means to make a single spherical microparticles of more uniform size.

The separating means 30 is a DMA (differential mobility analyzer) for separating the fine particles generated in the nanoparticle generating means 10 and the sintering means 20 by a predetermined range, inertial impactor (Inertial impactor) , Virtual impactor, cyclone and the like can be used.

The DMA is a device using the principle that when the charged nanoparticles pass through the electric field, the path of the particles is determined by the diameter of the particles.

The inertial impactor is an apparatus for separating by a predetermined range according to the diameter of the particles by using the inertia of the fine particles, as shown in Figure 3, the inlet port 60 is introduced fine particles; An acceleration nozzle substrate 62 in which a plurality of discharge ports 64 are formed according to the diameter of the fine particles separated to accelerate the kinetic energy of the fine particles; The inertia outside the flow path may be separated from the discharge hole 64 of the acceleration nozzle substrate 62 at a predetermined interval by colliding the fine particles discharged from the acceleration nozzle substrate 62 to change the direction of the flow path of the fine particles. An impingement plate 66 for attaching large fine particles; And an outlet 68 for discharging the fine particles.

As shown in FIG. 6, the acceleration nozzle substrate 62 forms different numbers and sizes of the discharge holes 64 according to the size of the fine particles to be separated.

In addition, the size of the impingement plate 66 is formed slightly larger than the discharge port 64 so that the fine particles escape from the discharge port 64 of the acceleration nozzle substrate 62 can hit.

Since the size of the fine particles to be separated depends on the speed accelerated in the acceleration nozzle substrate 62, that is, the diameter of the discharge nozzle 64 of the acceleration nozzle substrate 62, the inlet port 60 and the acceleration nozzle substrate 62. The collision plate 66 and the outlet 68 allow for easy separation and assembly of different sizes according to the separation diameter of the fine particles to be separated.

The method for separating the fine particles by the inertial impactor configured as described above is as follows.

When the microparticles to be separated are introduced through the inlet 60, they are accelerated by the acceleration nozzle substrate 62, and the accelerated microparticles collide with the impingement plate 66 disposed at a predetermined interval so that the inertia is larger than the separation diameter. Particles adhere to the impingement plate, and particles whose inertia is smaller than the separation diameter flow out through the outlet 68 as it is along the flow path.

The virtual impactor is a device that separates by a predetermined range according to the diameter of the particles by using the inertia of the fine particles as in the inertial impactor, as shown in FIG. An acceleration nozzle 72 having a predetermined diameter according to the diameter of the fine particles separated to accelerate the kinetic energy of the fine particles; A collecting tube 74 having a virtual space disposed apart from the acceleration nozzle 72 at a predetermined interval and collecting fine particles larger than a separation diameter deviating from the streamline; Outflow flow outlet for outflowing the fine particles to the outside by allowing the particles smaller than the separation diameter of the fine particles discharged from the acceleration nozzle 72 to flow between the predetermined interval between the acceleration nozzle 72 and the collection pipe 74 ( 76); And a floating copper outlet 78 for flowing out the microparticles having a large separation diameter separated through the collection pipe 74 to the hazard measuring means 50.

Since the size of the fine particles to be separated depends on the speed accelerated in the acceleration nozzle 72 (that is, the discharge diameter of the acceleration nozzle substrate 72), the inlet 70, the acceleration nozzle 72 and the collection pipe The diameter of the 74 and the distance between the acceleration nozzle 72 and the collection tube 74 is different in size depending on the separation diameter of the fine particles to be separated so that it can be easily separated and assembled.

Method for separating the fine particles by the virtual impactor configured as described above is as follows.

When the fine particles to be separated through the inlet 70 is accelerated by the acceleration nozzle 72, the accelerated fine particles are collected at a predetermined distance away from the acceleration nozzle 72 and the acceleration nozzle 72, the collection pipe 74 ), The particles larger than the separation diameter flow into the collecting pipe 74 and flow out to the hazard measuring means 50 through the floating copper outlet 78, and the particles smaller than the separation diameter flow along the flow path. It flows out through the 76.

The cyclone is a device that separates by a certain range according to the diameter of the particles by using a centrifugal force, as shown in Figure 9, the inlet port 80 is introduced fine particles; A conical trunk portion 82 having a narrow bottom in order to separate the introduced microparticles according to the diameter; A collecting part 84 formed at a lower end of the body part 82 in which fine particles having a large separation diameter to be separated are collected; And an outlet 86 for allowing the fine particles having a small separation diameter to flow out after the fine particles having a large separation diameter are separated.

By varying the size of the inlet 80, the body portion 82, the outlet 86 can be different size of the fine particles to be separated.

The method for separating the microparticles by the cyclone configured as described above is as follows.

Particles introduced from the inlet 80 vortex downward while colliding tangentially to the inner surface of the conical body portion 82 and descend to the collecting portion 84. Thereafter, the direction is changed to rise in a spiral shape along the axis of the body portion 82 and then exit to the outlet 86 formed at the top. In this case, particles larger than the separation diameter collide or adhere to the wall of the trunk portion 82 by a relatively large centrifugal force, and then accumulate in the collecting portion 84. Particles smaller than the separation diameter do not collide with the inner surface because they have a small centrifugal force. Without it exits through the outlet 86 as it is.

Accordingly, the present invention is equipped with a separation means 30 for each range so as to be separated into 500 ~ 1000nm, 100 ~ 500nm, 100nm or less according to the diameter of the nanoparticles as shown in Figure 1 500 ~ 1000 From the first separation means 32 capable of separating fine particles of nm, the second separation means 34 capable of separating fine particles of 100 to 500 nm, and fine particles of 100 nm or less can be separated. After the serial connection in the order of the third separation means (36) in order to separate the 500 ~ 1000nm microparticles having a large size of the microparticles first, and then to separate the 100 ~ 500nm microparticles, and finally 100nm or less To separate the fine particles.

The nanoparticle generating means 10 and the separating means 30 are connected by a connecting pipe 40, and is also connected by a connecting pipe 40 between the separating means 30 for separating the microparticles for each range. . That is, the microparticles generated by the nanoparticle generating means 10 are introduced into the first separating means 32 to separate the microparticles of 500 to 1000 nm, and the microparticles smaller than 500 to 1000 nm are connected to the connecting tube 40. After entering the second separation means 34 to separate the fine particles of 100 ~ 500nm and fine particles smaller than 100 ~ 500nm is introduced into the third separation means 36 through the connecting pipe 40 to 100nm The following fine particles are separated.

As described above, the microparticles separated by the separation means 30 for each range are supplied to the hazard measurement means 50 to measure the hazards of the precursors.

The hazard measuring means 50 is a measuring means for measuring the harmfulness of a liquid substance using the inhalation through the respiratory apparatus of the test substance, described in the Republic of Korea Utility Model Publication No. 0304964 filed by the applicant of the present invention It is. The entire contents of this publication are incorporated herein by reference.

As illustrated in FIG. 11, the hazard measuring means 50 includes an experiment chamber including a server chamber 230 that sends fine particles to the connection device 300, and a main chamber 220 that discharges the fine particles outward. 200.

The experiment chamber 200 is an inlet 210 through which the measurement material is introduced, the server chamber 230 formed inside the main chamber 220 so that the introduced measurement material is distributed and exposed to an equal concentration in the respirator of the test object, and the measurement material. The induction pipe 240 coupled with the connection device 300 for exposing the respirator of the test object, the main chamber 220 formed to be discharged to the outside after exposing the measurement material to the respirator of the test object, of the main chamber 220 It is provided with an outlet 250 formed at the top.

The inlet 210 is formed in the lower portion of the experiment chamber 200 is connected to the server chamber 230, the induction pipe 240 is a plurality of constant intervals on the outer periphery of the server chamber 230 is maintained It is arranged in a state and installed through the main chamber 220 is coupled to the connection device 300, respectively.

The induction pipe 240 enables the test subject to use at the same time, through which it is possible to evaluate the hazard under the same conditions.

In particular, the plurality of induction pipes 240 are preferably positioned to be symmetrical with respect to the center of the server chamber 230 in order to evaluate the harmfulness under the same conditions of the fine particles.

As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without changing the technical spirit or essential features thereof. Therefore, the above-described embodiments are to be understood as illustrative in all respects and not as restrictive. The scope of the present invention is shown by the following claims rather than the detailed description, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention. do.

As described above, the microparticle separation device according to the present invention is to separate the microparticles of various sizes and shapes obtained by growing the gaseous phase into a microparticle having a size that can be collected in each range in order to separate by a certain range of particle size. By connecting a plurality of separation means in series to separate the fine particles by a certain range has the advantage that can be measured at the same time by separating the fine particles by a certain range at the same time.

Claims (12)

Nanoparticle generating means (10) for generating gaseous precursors of pollutants in air outdoors and indoors into particles through nucleation and condensation and growing them into nanoparticles; In the fine particle separation device having a separation means 30 that can separate the fine particles generated by the nano-particle generating means 10 according to a predetermined range size; The separating means 30 has a plurality of separating means 30 so as to be separated by a predetermined range according to the diameter of the fine particles in series in order from the separating means 30 capable of separating the large diameter fine particles. The fine particle separation device, characterized in that for attaching a hazard measuring means 50 that can measure the harmfulness of the fine particles to the plurality of separation means (30). delete According to claim 1, Before separating the nanoparticles generated by the nanoparticle generating means 10 by size, sintering (sintering) nanoparticles of various sizes and shapes exiting the nanoparticle generating means 10 at a high temperature By further comprising a sintering means 20 to make a single spherical microparticles of a more uniform size. According to claim 1 or 3, wherein the separation means 30 is characterized in that the DMA (Differential Mobility Analyzer) device for separating by a certain range according to the diameter of the particles using the electrical mobility (electrical mobility) of the fine particles. Fine particle separation device. According to claim 1 or claim 3, wherein the separation means 30 is fine particle separation, characterized in that the inertial impactor (Inertial impactor) device for separating by a predetermined range according to the diameter of the particles using the inertia of the fine particles Device. The inertial impactor according to claim 5, wherein the inertial impactor has an inlet opening (60) through which fine particles are introduced; An acceleration nozzle substrate 62 in which a plurality of discharge ports 64 are formed according to the diameter of the fine particles separated to accelerate the kinetic energy of the fine particles; The inertia outside the flow path may be separated from the discharge hole 64 of the acceleration nozzle substrate 62 at a predetermined interval by colliding the fine particles discharged from the acceleration nozzle substrate 62 to change the direction of the flow path of the fine particles. An impingement plate 66 for attaching large fine particles; And an outlet port 68 for discharging the fine particles. The method of claim 6, wherein the inlet 60, the acceleration nozzle substrate 62, the impingement plate 66, the outlet 68 is separated and assembled in a different size depending on the separation diameter of the fine particles to be separated. Fine particle separation device, characterized in that to. The method of claim 1 or claim 3, wherein the separation means 30 is fine particle separation, characterized in that the virtual impactor (Virtual impactor) device for separating by a predetermined range according to the diameter of the particles using the inertia of the fine particles Device. The method of claim 8, wherein the virtual impactor is fine inlet port 70 is introduced; An acceleration nozzle 72 having a predetermined diameter according to the diameter of the fine particles separated to accelerate the kinetic energy of the fine particles; A collecting tube 74 having a virtual space disposed apart from the acceleration nozzle 72 at a predetermined interval and collecting fine particles larger than a separation diameter deviating from the streamline; Outflow flow outlet for outflowing the fine particles to the outside by allowing the particles smaller than the separation diameter of the fine particles discharged from the acceleration nozzle 72 to flow between the predetermined interval between the acceleration nozzle 72 and the collection pipe 74 ( 76); And a floating copper outlet (78) for flowing out the fine particles separated by the collection pipe (74) having a large separation diameter to the hazard measuring means (50). 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the acceleration nozzle (72) and the collection tube (74) can be separated and assembled in a different size depending on the separation diameter of the fine particles to be separated. According to claim 1 or claim 3, wherein the separation means 30 is a microparticle separation device characterized in that the cyclone (cyclone) device for separating by a predetermined range according to the diameter of the particles by using the centrifugal force of the fine particles. . 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the cyclone microparticles inlet 80 is introduced; A conical trunk portion 82 having a narrow bottom in order to separate the introduced microparticles according to the diameter; A collecting part 84 formed at a lower end of the body part 82 in which fine particles having a large separation diameter to be separated are collected; And an outlet (86) for outflowing the fine particles having a small separation diameter after the separation of the fine particles having a large separation diameter.

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