KR100561627B1 - Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna for Transmitting/Receiving and Array Antenna Arraying it - Google Patents

Abstract

1. TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a wideband microstrip patch antenna for transmission / reception and an array antenna arranged thereon.

2. The technical problem to be solved by the invention

The present invention utilizes electromagnetic coupling between an active patch and a stack patch having a transmission / reception feeding circuit implemented in the same plane, thereby reducing its volume and increasing bandwidth to perform satellite broadcast reception and communication reception in a reception band. And a wideband microstrip patch antenna for transmitting / receiving for performing communication transmission in a transmission band.

3. Summary of Solution to Invention

The present invention provides a transmission / reception broadband microstrip patch antenna, comprising a first ground conductor layer and a first dielectric layer, and supplying energy through a first feed part of a stripline method located on one surface of the first dielectric layer. Power supply means for; Transmission means including a second dielectric layer and a second ground conductor layer, wherein at least one slot is formed in the second ground conductor layer to transfer energy supplied from the power supply means to the first patch; A microstrip comprising a third dielectric layer, said energy radiating energy transmitted from said slot electromagnetically coupled with said first patch located on one side of said third dielectric layer, and receiving the received energy electrically coupled with said first patch A first patch antenna layer for supplying a second feeder to the system; A second patch including a fourth dielectric layer, the second patch for radiating energy supplied from a first patch electromagnetically coupled with a second patch located on one surface of the fourth dielectric layer, and delivering the received energy to the first patch An antenna layer; And spacing means disposed between the first and second patch antenna layers to space the first and second patch antenna layers.

4. Important uses of the invention

The present invention is used in satellite broadcasting systems and satellite communication systems.

Transmit / Receive, Microstrip, Patch Antenna, Array Antenna, Slot

Description

Broadband Microstrip Patch Antenna for Transmitting / Receiving and Array Antenna Arraying it}             

1A is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a wideband microstrip patch antenna for transmission / reception according to the present invention;

1B is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a wideband microstrip patch antenna for transmission / reception according to the present invention;

2 is a detailed structural diagram of an embodiment of the spacer of FIG. 1;

3A to 3D are structural diagrams of an embodiment of a wideband microstrip patch array antenna for transmission / reception according to the present invention;

4 is an exemplary view for explaining the return loss, isolation and gain characteristics of a wideband microstrip patch array antenna for transmission / reception according to the present invention;

5A is a diagram of an embodiment beam pattern at a center frequency of a transmission band of a wideband microstrip patch array antenna for transmission / reception according to the present invention;

FIG. 5B is an embodiment beam pattern diagram at the center frequency of a receive band of a transmit / receive wideband microstrip patch array antenna in accordance with the present invention. FIG.

* Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings

100, 140: ground conductor layer 110, 130, 150, 190: dielectric layer

120: transmission strip line feed section 141: opening slot

160, 180: patch 161: receiving microstrip feeder

170: spacer 310: receiving port

320: transmission port

The present invention relates to a wideband microstrip patch antenna for transmission and reception and an array antenna arranged thereon, and more particularly, to a wideband microstrip patch antenna for transmission and reception used in a satellite broadcasting system and a satellite communication system and an array antenna having the same arranged therein. will be.

In general, microstrip patch array antennas are the most widely used antennas currently in land broadcasting, satellite broadcasting and communication.

However, such a microstrip patch antenna has a narrow operating band. In addition, when using a separate transmission / reception antenna to transmit and receive at the same time, there is a problem to increase the volume of the entire system, there is also a problem that the isolation characteristics between them deteriorate.

As a conventional technology for solving the problem of the size of the system and the isolation of the transmit / receive antenna, Korean Patent No. 278315 discloses a 'double polarized microstrip antenna having a dual feed structure capable of two-dimensional arrangement'.

Patent No. 278315 relates to a dual polarized microstrip antenna having a dual feed structure that can be extended in a two-dimensional array. The patent design has a dual feed structure and an antenna design algorithm having a structure that can be expanded in a two-dimensional array to increase the gain of the antenna. to provide.

The patent uses a dual feed method using a microstrip line method, a feed method that mixes a via hole and a microstrip line, and separates the transmission / reception feeder circuits in a two-dimensional planar array, so that the two feeder lines can be extended to the array antenna. The problem of overlapping each other and the increase in volume have been solved.

However, the patent has a problem that the bandwidth is narrow like the general microstrip antenna, and soldering all lead through the antenna element of the via-hole feeding during the arrangement, increasing the manufacturing time with the deviation of the antenna performance during manufacturing It has a fatal drawback.

In addition, since there is no separate ground plane at the bottom, the rear aspect characteristic is poor, and there is a problem that the direct coupling with the active channel is also impossible.

The present invention has been proposed to solve the above problems, and by using the electromagnetic coupling between the active patch and the stack patch having the transmission and reception power supply circuit implemented in the same plane, reducing the volume and bandwidth It is an object of the present invention to provide a wideband microstrip patch antenna for transmitting / receiving to perform satellite broadcast reception and communication reception in a reception band by increasing the frequency band and to perform communication transmission in the transmission band.

In addition, the present invention uses the electromagnetic coupling between the active patch and the stack patch having the transmission and reception power supply circuit implemented in the same plane, thereby reducing the volume and increasing the bandwidth to receive satellite broadcast reception and communication reception in the reception band It is another object to provide a wideband microstrip patch array antenna for transmitting / receiving, and for performing communication transmission in a transmission band.

The present invention for achieving the above object, in the broadband microstrip patch antenna for transmission and reception, including a first ground conductor layer and a first dielectric layer, the first grade of the stripline method located on one surface of the first dielectric layer Power supply means for supplying energy through the whole; Transmission means including a second dielectric layer and a second ground conductor layer, wherein at least one slot is formed in the second ground conductor layer to transfer energy supplied from the power supply means to the first patch; A microstrip comprising a third dielectric layer, said radiating energy transmitted from said slot electromagnetically coupled with said first patch located on one surface of said third dielectric layer, and receiving the received energy electrically coupled with said first patch A first patch antenna layer for supplying a second feeder to the system; A second patch including a fourth dielectric layer, the second patch for radiating energy supplied from a first patch electromagnetically coupled with a second patch located on one surface of the fourth dielectric layer, and delivering the received energy to the first patch An antenna layer; And a separation means disposed between the first and second patch antenna layers to space the first and second patch antenna layers.

In addition, the present invention, in the wideband microstrip patch array antenna for transmission / reception, in which the wideband microstrip patch antenna for transmission / reception is arranged, the first and second patches may be arranged in units of 8 × 4, Provides a wideband microstrip patch array antenna for transmission / reception, wherein the first feeder and the plurality of second feeders are electrically connected to each other.

An antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention has an 8 × 4 array using two linear polarizations orthogonal to a transmission / reception combined device. According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the area of the entire array antenna by using the transmitting / receiving combined device, and to minimize the amount of interference by separating the transmitting / receiving feed layers to increase the mutual isolation.

Through the separation of the feed layer, the coupling of the apertures and the direct feeding of the microstrip, a two-dimensional arrayable transmit / receive antenna can be realized. There is no need for soldering each device during manufacturing.

In addition, by feeding the band of the transmission / receipt band where the feeding efficiency is important in the form of a stripline, it is possible to improve the cross-polarization characteristics with efficiency by reducing the level of unwanted radiation during the 90 ° bending or impedance step during feeding.

In this case, the bottom ground plane may be used as a common ground plane with the transmit / receive active channel block due to the stripline shape, thereby facilitating mechanical coupling of the antenna system.

In general, the reception band of the satellite array antenna must satisfy the wide bandwidth characteristics of 11.7 ~ 12.75 GHz to service not only the communication frequency band 12.25 ~ 12.75 GHz but also 11.7 ~ 12.0 GHz satellite broadcasting service. To this end, the present invention uses the electromagnetic coupling method of the active patch and the stack patch.

 In addition, the present invention rotates the antenna element by -14 ° to minimize the loss due to the polarization mismatch with the satellite signal.

The above objects, features and advantages will become more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. First of all, in adding reference numerals to the components of each drawing, it should be noted that the same components have the same number as much as possible even if displayed on different drawings. Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1a is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a wideband microstrip patch antenna for transmission and reception according to the present invention, Figure 1b is an exploded perspective view of one embodiment of a wideband microstrip patch antenna for transmission and reception according to the present invention.

As shown in the drawing, the microstrip patch antenna of the present invention includes a first ground conductor layer 100, a first dielectric layer 110, a transmission stripline feeder 120, a second dielectric layer 130, and a second The ground conductor layer 140, the third dielectric layer 150, the first patch 160, the receiving microstrip feeder 161, the spacer 170, the second patch 180, and the fourth dielectric layer 190 are included. The second ground conductor layer includes an opening face slot 141 in a part thereof.

The dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer 110 and the second dielectric layer 130 is generally the first dielectric layer 110 of the lower surface when the microstrip line opening surface coupling feeding of the first ground conductor layer 100 does not exist. ) Is lower than the dielectric constant of the second dielectric layer 130, but when the first ground conductor layer 100 and the second ground conductor layer 140 are both present, When the dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer 110 is low, the loss increases due to energy dispersion of the transmission strip line feeder 120.

Therefore, according to the present invention, the parasitics generated by the thick second dielectric layer 130 when the probe is fed by the same dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer 110 and the second dielectric layer 130 and the same thickness at the same time. It can prevent the component and efficiency decrease.

At this time, the energy reduction to the opening slot 141 by the symmetrical stripline feeding due to the same dielectric constant and thickness increases the width of the slot, shortens its length, and characteristic impedance of the transmission stripline feeder 120. Match alternately to the final 50 ohms using alternating low and high impedances.

The second patch 180 is disposed on a lower surface of the fourth dielectric layer 190, and the first patch 160 and the receiving microstrip feeding unit 161 are disposed on an upper surface of the third dielectric layer 150. The second ground conductor layer 140 and the opening face slot 141 are formed on the bottom surface thereof.

In this case, the receiving microstrip feeder 161 is electrically connected directly to the first patch 160, and the first patch 160 and the second patch 180 can be electromagnetically coupled efficiently. Form so that they overlap. The first and second patches 160 and 180 may use a rectangular shape rotated by −14 ° to match the polarization with the satellite.

The first patch 160 transmits the energy supplied by the transmission strip line feeding unit 120 through the slot 141, and the corresponding energy transferred electromagnetically to the second patch 180 is It may be radiated by the second patch 180.

In addition, the energy received by the second patch 180 may be electromagnetically transmitted to the first patch 160, and may be supplied to the receiving microstrip feeding unit 160.

In addition, in order to implement grounding between the first grounding conductor layer 100 and the second grounding conductor layer 140, a metal screw may be directly connected to each other.

 The third dielectric layer 150 and the fourth dielectric layer 190 are separated by the spacer 170, and an air layer exists therebetween, and the reflection coefficient between the array antenna and the transmit / receive isolation degree are separated by the gap. Is affected.

FIG. 2 is a detailed structural diagram of an embodiment of the spacer of FIG. 1.

As shown in the figure, the spacer of the present invention is a cylindrical shape made of a plastic material having a hollow structure, and serves to form an air layer by fixing the first dielectric layer 110 and the second dielectric layer 130. In charge.

When the spacer 170 is positioned in the third dielectric layer 150 and the fourth dielectric layer 190 which are perforated, the third dielectric layer 150 is fixed by using a plastic or a screw (not shown). ) And the fourth dielectric layer 190 may be spaced apart by a predetermined thickness. In this case, since the spacer 170 and the plastic or the metal screw are located outside the first and second patches 160 and 180 which are radiating elements, the spacer 170 and the plastic or metal screw may have no effect.

The air layer formed by the spacer 170 transmits the electromagnetic energy radiated from the first patch 160 to the second patch 180, and there may be substantially no electromagnetic loss. The thickness of the air layer between the third dielectric layer 150 and the fourth dielectric layer 190 is maintained through the spacers 170, and the fourth dielectric layer 190 uses antennas having a relatively low dielectric constant to radiate antennas. Can reduce the degradation.

As the spacing between the third dielectric layer 150 and the fourth dielectric layer 190, that is, the air layer increases, the electromagnetic coupling between the first patch 160 and the stacked second patch 180 that are directly fed decreases. Approach the characteristics of a typical single powered microstrip antenna without a stack patch.

Specifically, as the spacing increases, the coupling amount between the first patch 160 and the second patch 180 decreases, so that the impedance trajectory becomes smaller on the Smith chart, and the dual resonance frequencies tend to approach each other, and the isolation is improved. . On the other hand, as the spacing decreases, the amount of coupling increases, resulting in a pronounced double resonance and deterioration of isolation. The bandwidth has the widest bandwidth when the height of the spacer 170 becomes 2.0 to 2.5 mm in the transmission and reception bands.

Therefore, it is possible to design an antenna that satisfies the impedance bandwidth characteristics and the isolation between transmission and reception by using an appropriate thickness of the air layer.

In the satellite communication, since the transmission frequency is higher than the reception frequency, the length of the patch in the direction viewed from the transmission strip line feeding part 120 port is greater than the length of the patch in the direction of the receiving microstrip feeding part 161. Has a short resonance length.

3A to 3D are structural diagrams of an embodiment of a wideband microstrip patch array antenna for transmission / reception according to the present invention, which illustrates the arrangement of the microstrip patch antenna of FIG.

Specifically, FIG. 3A is a bottom view of an embodiment of a fourth dielectric layer when the patch antennas of FIG. 1 are arranged, and FIG. 3B is a plan view of an embodiment of the third dielectric layer when the patch antennas of FIG. 1 are arranged. 3C is a plan view of an embodiment of a second ground layer when the patch antennas of FIG. 1 are arranged, and FIG. 3D is a plan view of an embodiment of the first dielectric layer when the patch antennas of FIG. 1 are arranged.

As shown in FIGS. 3A to 3D, it can be seen that the 8 × 4 unit array antennas are successively coupled to form one wideband microstrip patch array antenna for transmission / reception.

3A to 3D, the 8 × 4 unit array may be extended in the azimuth and elevation angles to manufacture a wideband microstrip array antenna for a mobile vehicle having a beam width within 3 °.

3A is an interval between antenna elements in an elevation angle, and 'B' is an interval between antenna elements in an azimuth direction. In one embodiment of the present invention, both A and B are 18 mm, which is 0.86 wavelength at the transmission center frequency and 0.73 wavelength at the reception center frequency.

In addition, 'C' of FIG. 3B represents the diameter of the screw for connection of the ground plane can be larger than the head of the screw, 'D' is the diameter of the screw for connection of the spacer 170 and the entire antenna It may be a screw diameter to indicate.

As shown in FIG. 3B, the two elements in the azimuth direction may have a phase difference of 180 °, such as the left element 'E' and the right element 'F', which are horizontal in an 8 × 4 array. When feeding, the feeding circuit can be simplified to improve efficiency.

Figure 4 is an exemplary view for explaining the return loss, isolation and gain characteristics of the wideband microstrip patch array antenna for transmission and reception according to the present invention.

As shown in the figure, G and H represent the return loss at the receive port 310 of FIG. 3B and the transmit port 320 of FIG. 3D, respectively.

Recalling that the return loss criterion in the general antenna bandwidth is -10 dB or less, it can be seen that the array antenna of the present invention has excellent return loss values of -13 dB and -18 dB in the reception and transmission bandwidth, respectively. have. Using a conventional microstrip antenna, it is difficult to realize a 9% bandwidth such as 11.7 to 12.75 GHz with a return loss value of -13 dB or less.

'I' of FIG. 4 represents isolation between the receiving port 310 and the transmitting port 320. As shown in the figure, values of minimum -28 dB and maximum -38 dB in all frequency bands. This isolation degree is superior to that of -15 to -25 dB, which is the case where conventional transmission and reception power supply is implemented in the same plane.

In addition, 'J' of FIG. 4 represents a gain in a transmission band (14.0 to 14.5 GHz) of the array antenna of the present invention, and 'K' represents a gain in a reception band (11.7 to 12.75 GHz) of the array antenna of the present invention. Indicates.

It can be seen that the gain of the array antenna of the present invention has a value of 22.8 to 23.2 dBi in the transmission band, and has a gain of 21.8 to 22.4 dBi in the reception band. Therefore, the entire antenna system can be implemented by arranging about 10 8 × 4 array antennas.

Through this, it can be seen that the 8x4 array antenna designed from the present invention has been optimized to satisfy both desired bandwidth characteristics, isolation characteristics, and gain characteristics.

FIG. 5A is a beam pattern diagram of an embodiment of a transmission / reception broadband microstrip patch array antenna at a center frequency of a transmission band, wherein the azimuth and elevation angles of the main polarization beam are set to 14.25 GHz. It is for explaining the cross-polarized beam pattern.

In the beam pattern diagram shown in the figure, L represents an azimuth main beam pattern by eight elements, and M represents an azimuth main beam pattern by four elements. In addition, N and O respectively represent an azimuth cross polarization beam pattern and an elevation cross polarization beam pattern.

As shown in the figure, both the azimuth and elevation beam patterns have sub-lobe levels below -13 dBc and cross polarization levels below -27 dBc, while having a level of -40 dBc or less in a region outside ± 20 °, which has very good characteristics. Can be. This is due to the increase in mode purity due to the feeding of stripline type.

FIG. 5B is a beam pattern diagram of an embodiment of a transmission / reception wideband microstrip patch array antenna at a center frequency of a reception band, wherein the azimuth and elevation angles of the main polarization beam are set to 12.25 GHz. Cross polarized beam pattern.

As shown in the figure, it can be seen that the azimuth and elevation beam patterns both have a sublobe level of -13 dBc or less and a cross polarization level of -25 dBc or less.

The reception band of the array antenna according to the present invention satisfies the wide bandwidth characteristics of 11.7 to 12.75 GHz to service not only 12.25 to 12.75 GHz, which is a communication frequency band, but also to service satellite broadcasting of 11.7 to 12.2 GHz. Uses electromagnetic coupling method.

In addition, by separating the transmission and reception power supply layer, a general two-dimensional arrangement for both transmission and reception is possible. The separation of the power supply layer improves the transmission and reception isolation and the cross polarization characteristics.

Moreover, the transmission feed has a symmetrical stripline structure that facilitates coupling with the transmission / reception active block, improves the transmission feed efficiency, and reduces the thickness of the bottom dielectric to generate unnecessary parasitic components during coaxial feeding. Can be suppressed.

Also, the antenna element is rotated by -14 ° to minimize the loss due to polarization mismatch with the satellite signal.

The present invention described above is not limited to the above-described embodiments and the accompanying drawings, and various substitutions, modifications, and changes are possible in the art without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. It will be clear to those of ordinary knowledge.

The present invention as described above electromagnetically couples the energy of the transmission symmetric stripline feeder to the first patch through an opening slot, and electrically connects the energy of the receiving microstrip feeder to the first patch on the same plane. By directly connecting and electromagnetically coupling the first patch and the second patch with an appropriate thickness between them, excellent bandwidth characteristics, transmission / reception mutual isolation characteristics, transmission efficiency and cross polarization improvement are obtained. It has the effect of making it possible.

In addition, the present invention by rotating the antenna element -14 °, there is an effect that it is possible to prevent the compensation of the polarization loss according to the position with the satellite and the rise of the cross polarization.

In addition, the present invention uses the eight elements in the azimuth direction, and four elements in the azimuth direction to actually implement the transmission and reception antenna.

In addition, the present invention has the effect of enabling the bi-directional transmission and reception of the position search and the satellite in the mobile vehicle through the beam forming (Beam Forming).

Claims (11)

In the transmission / reception broadband microstrip patch antenna, A feeding means for supplying energy through a first feed portion of a stripline type including a first grounding conductor layer and a first dielectric layer, the first dielectric layer being disposed on one surface of the first dielectric layer; At least one slot in said second ground conductor layer, said second ground conductor layer being electrically connected directly to said first dielectric layer and said second ground conductor layer, wherein said energy is supplied from said power supply means to said first patch. Formed transfer means; A microstrip comprising a third dielectric layer, said energy radiating energy transmitted from said slot electromagnetically coupled with said first patch located on one side of said third dielectric layer, and receiving the received energy electrically coupled with said first patch A first patch antenna layer for supplying a second feeder to the system; A second patch including a fourth dielectric layer, the second patch for radiating energy supplied from a first patch electromagnetically coupled with a second patch located on one surface of the fourth dielectric layer, and delivering the received energy to the first patch An antenna layer; And A spacing means disposed between the first and second patch antenna layers to space the first and second patch antenna layers; And the first and second patches are arranged to overlap each other. The method of claim 1, The first and second patches, Of rectangular shape rotated at an angle Wideband microstrip patch antenna for transmission and reception. The method of claim 2, The constant angle is, Substantially 14 ° Wideband microstrip patch antenna for transmission and reception. delete The method of claim 1, The first and second dielectric layers, Having the same permittivity Wideband microstrip patch antenna for transmission and reception. The method of claim 1, The first and second dielectric layers, The same thickness Wideband microstrip patch antenna for transmission and reception. The method of claim 1, The slot is, The shape being longer than its length Wideband microstrip patch antenna for transmission and reception. The method of claim 1, The first feeder, With matching circuit matched to 50 ohms Wideband microstrip patch antenna for transmission and reception. A transmission / reception wideband microstrip patch array antenna in which the transmission / reception wideband microstrip patch antenna of claim 1 is arranged, The first and second patches are arranged in 8 × 4 units, A plurality of the first feeder and a plurality of the second feeder are arranged to be electrically connected to each other Transmitting and receiving wideband microstrip patch array antenna. The method of claim 9, The plurality of second feeder, Arranged in order by a predetermined angle in units of 2 × 1, and arranged such that a phase angle of a predetermined angle occurs between the first patches electrically connected to each other. Transmitting and receiving wideband microstrip patch array antenna. The method of claim 10, The predetermined angle is, Substantially 180 ° Transmitting and receiving wideband microstrip patch array antenna.

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