KR100546246B1 - Monitoring and diagnostic system for expected life of storage battery system - Google Patents

Abstract

Battery systems are widely used in emergency power facilities or communication network power installations, and efficient management of them has become an important issue. In general, in order to secure the reliability of the emergency power supply including the battery, important facilities have generally been used to replace the entire battery system at regular intervals such as three years. Doing.

In addition, if any one cell among the batteries connected in series during this period fails, the reliability of the emergency power system cannot be secured, which causes problems in stable operation of important facilities such as communication networks.

To diagnose the health condition (deterioration degree) of the battery, disconnect the battery from the operating system, stop its operation, and manually measure the specific gravity, voltage, and internal impedance (or conductance) of each battery cell using a measuring device such as a measuring instrument. As a method of measuring battery condition of each cell is used, it is impossible to diagnose battery system in real time, which makes it difficult to manage efficiently.

The present invention can efficiently manage the battery system by selecting a bad battery by measuring an important parameter such as the impedance of the battery to be measured in real time while operating the battery in a constant operating state without separating the battery from the operating system. Let's do it. In addition, it is possible to store and manage the history of the battery's health status by monitoring the quality of the emergency power supply system at any time by monitoring the failure or operation status. An apparatus for providing a service capable of remotely managing a deterioration state is provided.

Storage battery, emergency power supply, sound state (deterioration degree), quality monitoring, impedance voltage

Description

Monitoring and diagnostic system for expected life of storage battery system

1 is a conceptual diagram of a conventional battery measuring diagnostic apparatus.

2 is a microprocessor-based operational flow conceptual diagram of a degradation diagnostic system.

3 is a configuration diagram of a degradation diagnosis system of a storage battery system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

4 is a configuration diagram of a degradation diagnosis system of a battery system according to a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a conceptual diagram of a wired and wireless communication system for deterioration diagnosis of a battery system according to the present invention;

6A and 6B are diagrams illustrating wired and wireless communication states of a degradation diagnosis system of a battery system according to the present invention.

6c is a communication connection diagram between the degradation diagnosis system and the degradation diagnosis unit of the battery system according to the present invention;

7 is a view showing the cycle characteristics of the impedance voltage and the ripple voltage of the battery cell obtained by the degradation diagnostic system of the battery system according to the present invention.

8 is a view showing a connection state of a main controller unit (MCU) circuit and a plurality of relaying circuit combinations used in the present invention.

9 is a view showing a parallel connection state of a plurality of relaying circuit combinations used in the present invention.

10 is a block diagram of a constant current source used in the present invention.

11A is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of a class B amplifier circuit for use in the present invention.
Fig. 11B is a circuit diagram of another embodiment of a class B amplifier circuit for use in the present invention.

12 is a block diagram of an automatic scaling circuit used in the present invention.

13A is a diagram showing a time flow of a timer interrupt program in the present invention.

13b is a flowchart of a main program for diagnosing deterioration of a battery system according to the present invention;

Fig. 14A is a block diagram of a zero crossing circuit of alternating current constant Is and the impedance voltage Vis used in the present invention.

Fig. 14B is a view showing time characteristics of instantaneous waveforms and phase angles of the AC constant current Is and the impedance voltage Vis used in the present invention.

The present invention is a deterioration diagnosis of a battery system capable of remotely managing a deterioration state of a battery system by measuring important parameters such as impedance of a battery cell under real time while operating in a constant operating state without disconnecting the battery from an operating system. It's about the system.
Since the demand of storage batteries has been diversified since the 1970s, in addition to emergency power supplies, it has been applied to fields such as large-capacity energy storage, electric vehicles, and power storage for power load leveling. In particular, with the expansion of the IT industry, various data transmission and wired and wireless communication networks have increased, and communication facilities such as repeaters have been rapidly spreading, and the number of accumulators used as a spare power supply thereof has been greatly increased.

Currently, a company that provides wired / wireless communication service has hundreds of thousands of battery equipment as the primary backup power of communication network power, and it is connected and operated in a floating charging state at all times. This equipment is indispensable to continue power supply without interruption in case of AC power failure or breakdown (check). Its role is very important in maintaining the reliability of the network power supply. Usually, PS- or VGS-type 2V single cells used as the power source of these communication networks are connected in series with 24 or 12 cells, so even if only one cell in series is deteriorated, a back-up function can be performed in case of commercial line outage. There will be no. As the battery ages, the capacity decreases gradually with age, and the capacity difference between the cells varies depending on the degree of corrosion of the lattice of the positive electrode, the decrease of the electrolyte, and the sulfate of the active material of the negative electrode. As a result, regular capacity tests are conducted to monitor the deterioration of batteries by checking the condition of the batteries.

In addition, large-capacity batteries are also used in the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) of data processing computer centers and DCS, which are factory automation and monitoring and control facilities, which are increasing every year. In order to secure reliability, it is necessary to deteriorate the battery or diagnose the life of the battery in advance.

In other words, more than 100 cells are connected in series and are always operated in the floating charge state. The battery used in the data processing computer center or DCS system of the factory automation equipment is connected in series without checking the deterioration status of each cell in advance. If a part (even one) of the cells is deteriorated, it will not function properly at the time of power failure, so it is necessary to check the deterioration degree of each unit cell of these battery facilities.

Among the proven methods for diagnosing battery degradation phenomenon, there is a method of measuring the remaining capacity of a sample cell by discharging the battery tank connected to the operating system to the full capacity by the real load discharge method, which is mainly used in the industry. have. The above method can diagnose the lifespan of the battery in operation relatively accurately, but it is a method of diagnosing the life of the whole battery tank by identifying the capacity of only the lowest capacity unit cell (unit cell) among the battery tanks. This method is not suitable for finding all the plural unit cells (unit cells) that have reached the end of their lifespan. Therefore, this method alone cannot diagnose the degree of deterioration of each unit cell of the battery cell under floating charging. If there is a power failure during the discharge test, there is a danger that the system of the communication device will stop, and it takes a long time to prepare the test equipment including the tens of kilowatt (KW) class load, adjust the pseudo load, and measure the terminal voltage. It has many disadvantages.
In addition, the method of using the instantaneous direct current discharge method during the power failure, by applying a load to the battery cell for a predetermined short time to discharge, the internal resistance is measured by measuring the cell terminal voltage before discharge, and measuring the cell terminal voltage at least once during discharge. The way to do this is put to practical use. However, the internal resistance measurement method by the instantaneous DC discharge method does not require a constant current source circuit, so the structure of the configuration system is relatively simple, but the accuracy of the measurement is inferior and it is easy to measure the accuracy by using a standard standard instrument. It has a disadvantage.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 1, a commercially available LabView program (data analysis software) and a diagnostic device for diagnosing the health of a battery system used in an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) and a direct current power supply (rectifier) have recently been developed. Correlation of terminal voltage related to temperature by measuring electrolyte temperature, floating voltage, and charging current of each cell of the battery while searching each cell using a PC equipped with a data acquisition device (DAQ card) As a result, a measurement diagnostic apparatus for identifying the degree of battery abnormality has been commercialized. This diagnostic method can be easily implemented by those skilled in the art as a digital multimeter circuit capable of measuring DC voltage and current, and a relatively simple microcontroller (MPU) having a function of storing and outputting measured data. However, this diagnostic method compares the terminal voltage of a single cell when floating charging is compared with the same battery cell connected in series, but the degree of deterioration is relatively high.However, the magnitude of floating voltage or the effect between single cell cells in series and parallel connection As there is a lot of terminal voltage deviation, it is recognized that there is no absolute correlation between the remaining capacity (degradation degree) and the terminal voltage at the time of floating charging.It is a method for diagnosing the battery life or health (failure state). Many doubts have been raised about its reliability to be adopted.

In addition, although an instrument that has the ability to measure the internal impedance of a battery is commercially available and commercially available from a select company, it must be individually measured for each cell of the battery system in floating charging using this instrument. In case of analyzing the measured data by database (hereinafter referred to as DB), the measurement terminal (Lead) is transferred to each cell of charging battery, so there is a risk such as an electric shock accident. There is a disadvantage in that time is duplicated. In addition, since total data necessary for degradation diagnosis such as ambient temperature, specific gravity, and charging current cannot be measured at the same time, it is easy to measure several sample cell impedances, but there are many difficulties in measuring accurate cell degradation at the same time and making accurate degradation diagnosis.

Therefore, the conventional measuring method has a disadvantage in that it is difficult to accurately grasp the sound state (degradation degree) of the emergency power system such as a plurality of batteries.

The present invention is to improve the conventional problems, to ensure the reliability of the uninterruptible power supply device for computers, the power supply (rectifier) of wired and wireless communication networks and battery systems and the battery cells used therein, and to diagnose the characteristics in operation in real time, The purpose of the present invention is to provide a deterioration diagnosis system of a battery system that can grasp the state of deterioration (degradation degree) and provide a service for remotely managing it.
In addition, the present invention operates more than 100 parallel and series connected battery system in a real load state (floating or even charging), the battery cell voltage, charge / discharge current, internal temperature, internal impedance (resistance component) of the battery every set period in real time And deterioration diagnosis system of battery system that can analyze factors related to battery life (deterioration state) by analyzing data such as and specific gravity and analyze the battery's health and remaining capacity and diagnose the remaining life of battery. There is another purpose to provide.

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Preferred embodiments of the present invention for achieving the above object will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 2 briefly illustrates the microprocessor-based operating flow concept and the functional structure of the system for diagnosing the sound state (quality control) of the emergency power system proposed in the present invention. Referring to the structure and operation method of the present invention, as shown in Figure 2, the voltage, current sensor and thermistor sensor, such as the terminal voltage (V _DC ), current (I) and temperature (t) of the battery to be diagnosed The characteristic data of the battery is input to the central processing unit (hereinafter referred to as MPU) such as a microprocessor through the relay operated according to the measurement sequence, and the constant current source (5) is started by the on / off command of the MPU. After the AC constant current (Is) flows through, an impedance voltage (Vis) signal generated at the terminal voltage is measured by the internal impedance of the battery, and the algorithm programmed in the MPU from the two AC constant current (Is) and impedance voltage (Vis) measurements. The internal impedance of the battery is calculated by In order to measure about 100 battery cells, a plurality of relay circuit combinations are provided, and a signal for selecting a battery to be measured is generated by the MPU. Each data in the battery is connected to the input of the MPU via the corresponding relay of the selected relay circuit combination, and an alternating current constant (Is) for measuring the internal impedance is supplied to the battery via the relay. The operation control of this series of relaying circuit combinations and the obtained information data are stored in the internal memory provided in the measurement diagnosis system, and the degradation diagnosis algorithm program in the MPU is operated using this as the basic data to diagnose the degree of degradation of the battery. .
Keypad input and LCD are used as the user interface, and when the battery malfunctions, necessary information and alarms are generated on the LCD screen of the diagnostic device, so that the battery can be managed efficiently. It also records and stores the acquired data and transmits it to an external host PC through a communication means such as serial communication, and when the host PC is located at a geographical distance from a management place such as a relay station of a wired / wireless communication network. As it is installed in an area where traffic is inconvenient, it is possible to transmit using a local area network (LAN / WAN) or a wireless communication network (CDMA) even when it is difficult to access the site. Host PC located in the field or remotely can analyze the acquired data, determine the state of the battery, process and analyze the characteristics as graphic or chart, and manage the history of it as a DB and follow-up management of such data in real time By doing so, the reliability of the power system can be improved and the cost required for the management thereof can be reduced.
In addition, the measurement diagnostic system according to the present invention has a function of automatically measuring the characteristic data during charging / discharging of a battery cell, which is required during a battery manufacturing process such as a chemical conversion process, in addition to the above-described deterioration diagnosis purpose. Since necessary data such as voltage and internal impedance can be d / b within a short time, they may be used for the purpose of analyzing the state of each unit cell during charging / discharging.
As described above, the diagnostic apparatus system suggests a method for managing diagnosis of degradation of an emergency power system including a storage battery using a general communication network. The configuration and operation principle thereof will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 as follows. .

3 is a configuration diagram of a degradation diagnosis system of a battery system according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and is configured to diagnose, for example, a battery (usually composed of 12 cells, 24 cells, or 56 cells) of a basic unit.
As shown in Fig. 3, the degradation diagnosis system of the present invention is composed of a main controller unit (MCU) 11, a constant current source 5, and a relay circuit combination 4 roughly, and the main controller described above. The unit (MCU) 11 is an MPU 1, which is a central processing unit that controls and manages an entire diagnostic system, a memory element 2 for storing measured data and historical data, and filters input signals. a preamplifier 16 for filtering and amplifying, an automatic scaling circuit 7 which is selectively processed by the MPU 1 and composed of a plurality of amplifying stages, and an output signal and a constant current output of the automatic scaling circuit 7 described above. A / D converter 6 for receiving a signal and converting it into a digital value, and a communication port 8 for communicating with the outside. As a general concept, the main controller unit (MCU) may be classified as not including the preamplifier 16 or the automatic scaling circuit 7.
The relaying circuit combination 4 includes a plurality of relays having one end connected to the output terminal of the constant current source 5 or the main controller unit 11 and the other end connected to the plurality of battery cells correspondingly arranged. And receiving a selection control signal from the microprocessor unit (MPU) 1 to drive the plurality of relays to selectively transmit the constant current input from the constant current source 5 to the plurality of battery cells. And the characteristic data of the plurality of battery cells are switched to the input terminal of the main controller unit (MCU) 11. When a select signal is applied to the input terminal of the relay circuit combination 4 to turn on the relay coil connected to the battery to be measured from the MPU 1, the relay selected among the 1 to N relays is sequentially In operation, each relay contact is connected to the positive and negative terminals of each of the battery cells through a four-terminal network.
At about the same time (a few m seconds later), when the ON / OFF signal or the clock pulse (CLK) signal is applied from the MPU 1 to the constant current source 5, the constant current source 5 is started. A constant current is generated in the constant current source 5 (even though the internal impedance of the battery is near zero, the output is limited within the rated current) and flows through the relay to the capacitor. The data signals of the voltage (VDC), temperature (t), internal impedance data (Z), and specific gravity (G) of the battery can be input to the MPU 1 by the automatic scaling circuit 7 and the A / D converter 6. It is converted into an appropriate digital value and input to the input terminal of the MPU 1. Since the internal impedance data signal is a very fine signal and the noise signal is rotten, it is filtered and amplified by the preamplifier 16 before being input to the automatic scaling circuit 7. The MPU 1 calculates the state history data of the current state battery cell by the deterioration diagnosis program embedded therein as input data, and the result is stored in the memory element 2 and displayed on the LCD. Each of the above steps is repeated sequentially so that the characteristic data of each battery cell is input. The data measured above is historyed and transmitted to an external host PC or the like through a communication device 8 such as RS232, RS422, RS485 or CDMA every predetermined time. In this case, when the diagnosis system is used only for the life diagnosis of several battery cells, the relay circuit combination is not built-in and is connected directly to the terminal of the battery cell to be measured, so that the constant current source 5 outputs the 4-terminal network. The various data signals of the battery cell, which are supplied directly to the terminals of the battery cell through the terminals and are measured, are directly connected to the input terminal of the main controller unit (MCU) 11.

As described above, in order to monitor the quality of the emergency power source such as the uninterruptible power supply device or the power supply (rectifier) of the wired / wireless communication network and the battery used therein, and to ensure the reliability, the above-mentioned diagnostic device system is used for the battery system 3. It is necessary to constantly monitor the operation state of the emergency power system 18 such as a UPS while constantly monitoring.
4 is a configuration diagram of a degradation diagnosis system of a battery system according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and is configured to monitor power quality of an emergency power system while constantly monitoring the battery system 3.
Referring to FIG. 4, the main controller unit 11 includes a microprocessor (MPU) 1 and a memory device 2 as described above, and includes a constant current source 5, a relay circuit combination 4, Preamplifier 16 for filtering and amplifying each characteristic data of the battery and the quality information data signal of the emergency power supply, an auto scale circuit 7, and an A / D for each data signal conversion. The transducer 6 is included as a basic component in the same manner as the component of FIG. 3.
In addition to the basic components described above, it has an AC sensor circuit 15 and a DC sensor circuit 14, and includes a communication port such as an RS232, RS422, RS485, or CDMA module. Such hardware is supplied with control power required for operation from an auxiliary power supply 10.

The main controller unit 11 collects and computes data of each battery cell through a relay circuit combination 4 to diagnose the battery state, and at the same time, the AC output voltage and output current of the emergency power system 18 The charge / discharge voltage (DCV) and the current (DCA) at the time of charging / discharging are obtained through the AC sensor circuit 15 and the DC sensor circuit 14 and recorded at all times. More specifically, the main controller unit 11 measures the three-phase voltage (AC voltage) and three-phase current (AC current) of the power supply system to monitor power quality of the power supply system, except for the time required to check the characteristics of the battery. It analyzes and executes a series of operations of storing the effective value of each phase in normal state, the effective value and instantaneous voltage value of each phase in an accident, transferring the stored data to the host computer at a certain time, and real-time The clock time (RTC) determines the transmission time and records the time of the accident. In addition, if the acquired data value is out of the set limit (Limit value) such as voltage sag and power failure, it transmits the accident information to the remote or host PC through the communication port.

The constant current source 5 serves to supply a constant current of a predetermined size within the output rating so that a corresponding voltage can be generated by the internal impedance of the battery. In other words, when the capacity of the battery is large, such as thousands of Ah, the internal impedance of the battery is less than 1 millimeter ( m) Ohm, which is very fine, which is equivalent to a state in which the constant current source 5 is shorted, so that a very large current flows even when a minute power supply voltage is output. do. Therefore, the internal power impedance of the constant current source 5 is designed to be large in order to prevent the constant current source 5 from being overrun by the overcurrent, so that the battery having a very small internal resistance is connected to the output of the constant current source 5. It is necessary to control constantly so that the output current of the constant current source 5 may not exceed a rating. The relay circuit combination 4 selects one battery cell by a select control signal generated by the MPU 1 installed in the main controller unit 11 among the plurality of battery cells, and the MPU 1 It supplies a clock (CLK) signal in the form of tens of KHz square wave to start the constant current source (5). The constant current source 5 receives the clock CLK and divides it to generate an AC constant current in the form of a sine wave, and the constant current flows to the selected battery cell through the relay of the relaying circuit combination 4. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sinusoidal wave generator circuit of the constant current source 5 has a digital divider circuit, and when a clock pulse (CLK) signal (for example, 16 Khz) is applied to the clock input terminal of the sinusoidal wave generator circuit, an input clock is input. The pulse is divided to generate a frequency of the constant current source 5 of 1 kHz and the constant current source 5 is started. However, when the constant current source 5 is composed of an RC oscillation circuit or a crystal oscillation circuit, the MPU 1 is turned on and off. It is also possible to start the constant current source 5 by applying a start signal. When the measurement of the characteristic data of the selected battery cell is completed, the MPU 1 stops the supply of the clock CLK signal and immediately turns off the corresponding relay in order to stop the operation of the constant current source 5. In this way, when the MPU 1 controls the start of the constant current source 5 and the ON / OFF of the relay according to the operation sequence, the relay contact is opened and closed in the absence of current, so the contact is not damaged and the service life is maintained. This can be extended.

Since the internal impedance voltage of the battery cell is a very low voltage of 1 mv or less, the measurement value of the signal voltage is affected by the wiring voltage drop of the measurement circuit and the ripple current during charging. Therefore, AC 4 terminal measuring method is used to reduce the contact resistance effect of the terminal (probe lead wire resistance and plug contact resistance). That is, when the AC constant current Is generated at the output terminal of the constant current source 5 is input to the terminal of the battery cell, the internal impedance impedance corresponds to the internal impedance of the battery (impedance voltage drop component = impedance value x AC current Is). The voltage signal Vis is generated by being superimposed on the cell terminal voltage V _DC . The impedance impedance voltage signal Vis is applied to the high input impedance circuit terminal in the preamplifier 16 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 so that almost no current flows to the resistance of the lead wire and the terminal contact resistance. Do not cause voltage drop. As such a measuring method, the voltage drop caused by the probe lead wire resistance and the contact resistance is reduced so that the impedance voltage Vis signal is hardly affected by the contact resistance.

On the other hand, the impedance voltage Vis of the battery cell obtained through the relay circuit combination 4 is a fine signal of several mV, which corresponds to a very small size (one thousandth of a thousand) compared to the cell terminal voltage (V _DC ). Since a lot of electromagnetic noise has been mixed from the above, it is necessary to optimally design the preamplifier 16 constituted of the filter circuit and to amplify and extract only the impedance voltage Vis signal. In addition, since the ripple current flows into the battery during floating charging, the terminal voltage waveform of the battery contains a large amount of ripple voltage. The ripple voltage varies depending on the rectification method of the charging device, but includes harmonic ripples of various orders, most of which can be filtered out by a band pass filter designed in the preamplifier 16. However, ripple voltage noise in the frequency band where the impedance voltage (Vis) and frequency band required for the measurement are similar cannot be filtered (rejected) but passes through the impedance voltage (Vis) signal, which seriously affects the impedance measurement value.

As described above, the content of harmonic components in the ripple voltage frequency is different depending on the rectification method (constant) of the charger. However, in the case of the three-phase rectification method, it has an odd multiple ripple frequency of 60 Hz for a commercial power supply. If the frequency of constant current Is is, for example, 1 kHz, usually 900 hz (15 harmonics), 1020 hz (17 harmonics), and 1140 hz (19 harmonics) will have a significant impact on most measured values. In other words, the harmonic ripple voltage corresponding to several times is mixed in the impedance voltage Vis signal measured at the terminal of the battery. Therefore, the measurement signal voltage waveform input to the input terminal of the MPU 11 is a signal obtained by adding the ripple voltage signal containing harmonics and the impedance voltage Vis signal (referred to as an instantaneous AC voltage signal (Vrp + Vis)). As shown in Fig. 7, the plurality of harmonics contains a plurality of harmonics, which vibrate at regular intervals, and have another constant period Trp.

FIG. 7 illustrates a method of obtaining a true value of the impedance voltage Vis induced by the AC current Is supplied from the constant current source 5 from the voltage signal including the ripple noise voltage. First, in the first section T1, the ripple voltage signal Vrp generated by the charging ripple of the battery cell during floating charging is measured, stored, read and stored without applying the AC constant current Is. The difference between this value is calculated by reading the internal high speed timer / counter value tmin1 and the counter value tmin2 at which the next lowest point is reached. This value is a counter value (trp) corresponding to one cycle period (Trp) of the ripple voltage signal (Vrp), and the time required to accurately measure it is at least one cycle longer than the aforementioned vibration period of the harmonic ripple voltage. It is about several seconds.

The stored ripple voltage signal Vrp is shifted and stored in the memory inside the MPU 11 at intervals of one cycle period Trp and is always updated with the latest data. After the time ΔT, the constant current source 5 is operated in the second section T2 to supply the AC constant current Is, and the high-speed timer / counter value tmin1 is input, which corresponds to the Nth cycle Trp. The interrupt program is executed at the moment when it is increased to the value trp (that is, the counter value becomes tmin1 + N × trp), and the interrupt program is executed, and the one cycle ripple voltage signal (Vrp) value already stored in the memory and the current D / A converter Read the instantaneous AC voltage signal (Vrp + Vis), which is a measurement signal including the ripple voltage signal (Vrp) coming in through the period (trp), from the difference between the two values ((Vrp + Vis)-Vrp) It is possible to obtain the impedance voltage (Vis) value which is not affected by. In the above, the method for calculating the period trp by measuring the lowest point is presented, but the period trp can be calculated using the waveform highest point, and all the above steps are performed in the impedance calculation process. In addition, as can be seen from FIG. 7, if the period trp can be more easily calculated by measuring the instantaneous AC voltage signal Vrp + Vis, the AC constant current Is is supplied by supplying the AC constant current Is in the section T1. Vis) may be read and stored, and the ripple voltage signal Vrp may be read in the section T2 to obtain a pure impedance voltage Vis from the two values through the calculation method described above.

In addition, since the magnitude of the AC constant current supplied by the constant current source 5 is controlled and output to be constant within the maximum rating, in order to measure the internal impedance value of the battery, the terminal is proportional to the internal impedance value according to the aging state or the capacity of the battery. The magnitude of the impedance voltage signal due to the internal impedance of the battery measured at the voltage becomes very variable (requires a wide measurement range). In this case, when the impedance impedance voltage signal of the wide measurement range is amplified by one amplification gain magnification, the measurement is applied to the input terminal of the main controller unit 11 when the magnitude of the measured voltage signal is small. The level of the signal is also very small and the precision (resolution) is lowered. When the voltage signal measured above is large, the signal may be out of the input voltage range of the main controller unit 11 and burned out or may cause an abnormal operation. . As an embodiment for solving this problem, as shown in FIG. 12, several operational amplifiers 50-1, 50-5, 5-10, and 50-50 having different amplification gain magnifications are connected in parallel. And connect the outputs of the parallel-connected amplifiers to the input terminals of the signal selector 51 such as analog switches (Analog MUX), respectively, and the output of the signal selector 51 to the A / D in the main controller unit MCU 11. The circuit is configured to be commonly input to the converter. The MCU 1 determines the magnitude of the input impedance voltage Vis signal and then selects the signal selector 51 to select an amplifier 50 having an appropriate amplification gain ratio, and thus an appropriate amplification. The outputs of the amplifiers 50-1, 50-5, 5-10, 50-50 having gain magnifications can be applied to the A / D converter input terminals of the main controller unit 11.

FIG. 12 shows an embodiment of the automatic scaling circuit 7 used in the present invention, which shows a case where an amplifier 50 having four amplification gain magnifications of x1, x5, x10, and x50 is provided. The process of selecting a plurality of operational amplifiers 50-1, 50-5, 50-10, and 50-50 having an appropriate amplification gain ratio according to the magnitude of the measured impedance voltage Vis signal is as follows. In order to operate the amplifier smoothly, an input signal within an appropriate range must be supplied. If the magnitude of the output signal amplified by the amplifier is larger than the amplifier's operating voltage rating, the input signal is not amplified in proportion to the amplifier's amplification gain ratio. It is well known that amplifier saturation occurs that is limited (saturated) within the operating voltage. Therefore, in order to select an amplifier having an appropriate amplification gain ratio, the control signal of the MPU 1 is received and an amplifier having the largest amplification gain ratio is first selected. Then, when the input voltage signal value is input slightly higher and the amplifier output signal is saturated, the main controller unit 11 detects this, and in turn, selects an amplifier having a small amplification gain ratio and is suitable for the input terminal of the main controller unit 11. It operates so that a magnitude impedance voltage (Vis) signal can be taken. On the contrary, when the magnitude of the input voltage signal is very small, the amplified output signal value is small. Therefore, the amplifier having the next large amplification gain magnification is selected by receiving the control signal of the MPU 1. In this way, an amplifier with an appropriate magnification is selected in the impedance calculation, the amplification gain value of the selected amplifier is reflected in the impedance value calculation, and autoscaling is performed by selecting an amplifier having an appropriate magnification with this series of ideas. ) In the above, the number of operational amplifiers is usually 2 to 4, but the designer can easily determine the capacity of the battery in consideration of the measurement capacity range.In addition to the impedance voltage (Vis) signal, the input range of the measurement signal (for example, constant current signal) When it becomes wide and very variable, this set of auto scaling methods can be used to increase the resolution (measurement accuracy).
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a connection state of a main controller unit (MCU) circuit and a plurality of relay circuit combinations used in the present invention, and shows a functional connection diagram of the main controller unit and each relay circuit combination.
FIG. 9 is a view showing a state in which a plurality of relaying circuit combinations 4 used in the present invention are connected in parallel, and a method of connecting several relaying circuit combinations in parallel to each other is shown. As shown in Fig. 9, each relay circuit combination 4 is composed of 16 relay circuit combinations, each of which has a constant current supply (Xna), voltage sensing (Xnb), and temperature sensing (Xnc). ), Voltage sensing (Xnd), and specific gravity sensing (Xnd) relay (set), respectively. In order to select a specific cell among a plurality of battery cells, the control signal is received from the MPU 1 to decode the signal. The relay of the group is selected by the decoded signal, and the battery cell connected to the selected relay is connected to the measurement circuit.

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An operation of a select control signal used to select a specific cell among a plurality of cells will be described in detail with reference to the embodiment shown in FIG. 9. Usually, the battery system of the industry is composed of more than 12 cells, 24 cells, 36 cells or 48 cell combinations, and the battery system of the communication relay station is generally composed of four cells for 12V. Therefore, considering the convenience of mounting and economical efficiency of the circuit, when the battery cell is composed of 4 cells or 6 cells for 12V, it is possible to select and control up to 7 or 15 relays (sets) using 3 or 4 bit selection control signals. Since a simple circuit can be adopted and 2 ⁶ = 64 using a selection control signal consisting of 6 bits as in this embodiment, a circuit capable of selecting from 48 to 60 relays (groups) can be adopted. First, the 6-bit selection control signal generated by the MPU 1 is divided into two, and the 2-bit signal ( 00 , 01 , 10 , 11 ) is input to the input circuit terminals G1 and G2 of the 4-bit decoder circuit (MUX), but it is 2-bit. None of the three sets of relaying circuit combinations are selected when the signal is input as (0,0) and up to 16 when the 2-bit signal is (0,1) or (1,0) or (1,1) The master combination 4-1, the first slave circuit combination 4-2, and the second slave circuit combination 4-3 are selected among the three relay circuit combinations composed of the relays. The remaining 4 bits of the 6-bit control signal are then applied to the input terminals D ₀ , D ₁ , D ₂ , and D ₃ of the decoder circuit MUX. The decoder circuit MUX may have a decoding function in which one port of 2 ^N output ports is selected and output as N input signals. In the present embodiment, 4-bit input signals D0 to D3 are used. 16 output signals are generated. The output signal of the port selected by the 4-bit input signal of the decoder circuit MUX is one of the 16 relays in the relay circuit combination selected by the 2-bit signal. The selected relay (group) is operated (driven) through a transistor amplifier (TR Array) connected to the port output terminal. In another embodiment, the two bit signals 00 , 01 , 10 and 11 are inputted to the input circuit terminals G1 and G2 of the decoder circuit MUX to select one combination of four relaying circuits. the other four-bit BCD signal (D _0, D _1, D _2, D _3), the input to Kane operation by selecting one (crude) of the relays connected to 15 output ports and a certain signal (for example, 0,0, When 0,0 ) is input, the circuit can be configured to turn off all relays. Thus, as in the present embodiment, the main controller unit MCU 11 is a 6-bit selection control signal, which is usually one of 48 relays (3 combination groups × 16) and 60 relays (4 combination groups × 15). Only the desired cell can be selected from among the plurality of battery cells by operating only the relays of group). In addition, in order to prevent one or more relays from operating simultaneously due to noise that may occur during relay operation, a resistance is connected to the input / output terminals of the decoder circuit MUX to minimize noise effects and the relay driving power supply (+ 12V) Can be turned on only when required by the command of the MPU 1, thereby preventing relay burnout. The master combination 4-1 and each slave combination circuit 4-2, 4-3, or 4-4 of the relay circuit combination are designed in the same circuit structure to mutually communicate with each other through a mother board. By wiring and stacking the relaying circuit combinations up and down, it can be easily and economically installed in a narrow space.

의 주파수 범위(60-1000Hz)의 정현파 정전류를 생성하여 축전지 셀에 공급함으로써 인덕턴스, 커패시턴스 성분을 제외한 내부저항 성분(컨덕턴스값의 역수)만에 의한 임피던스 전압이 측정될 수 있도록 한다. 또한 축전지의 계면저항 역시 측정시 인가하는 정현파 교류 정전류의 주파수 크기에 따라 달라지는 이온저항이다. 측정주파수가 1Khz근방인 경우에는 계면저항이 커패시턴스 성분에 의한 임피던스에 비해 매우 작게 되어 이를 무시할 수 있게 되어 용액저항과 전기이중층 용량 커패시터의 직렬회로로 등가화 될 수 있다. 따라서 축전지 셀에 1Khz 근방의 정현파 교류 정전류를 흘리면 양극간에 정현파 전압파형이 유기되고 상기 정현파 정전류파형(Is)과 정현파 전압파형(Vis) 및 상기 두 파형의 위상차를 측정하면 내부저항에 의해서만 생성되는 전압성분만을 산출할 수 있고 이로써 정확한 축전지 내부저항값(컨덕턴스값의 역수)의 계산이 가능하게 되는 것이다.In general, the equivalent circuit for the alternating current of the battery cell has been proved to be equivalent to the series circuit of resistance, inductance, and capacitance (R-L-C) components.In IEEE 1188-1996 STD, For the purpose of diagnosis, it is recommended to measure only the resistance (R) component that is considered to have the highest correlation with the factors of lattice corrosion or reduction of electrolyte in the anode plate, which deteriorates with the use of floating charge. have. Also, as is well known, the impedance voltage signal waveform generated between terminals of a battery when an impedance voltage is applied to a sealed lead-acid battery and a measurement current flows, the higher the frequency, the faster the phase of the voltage according to the L component and the higher the frequency. The lower the tendency, the more the phase of the current by the C component is delayed than the phase of the voltage. Thus, the resonance point can be nearly in phase

By generating a sinusoidal constant current in the frequency range of (60-1000 Hz) and supplying it to the battery cell, the impedance voltage by only the internal resistance component (inverse of the conductance value) excluding inductance and capacitance components can be measured. In addition, the interfacial resistance of a battery is also an ion resistance that depends on the frequency of the sinusoidal AC constant current applied during measurement. When the measurement frequency is around 1Khz, the interface resistance is very small compared to the impedance due to the capacitance component, so that it can be ignored and can be equalized by the series circuit of the solution resistance and the electric double layer capacitor. Therefore, when a sinusoidal AC constant current near 1 kHz flows into a battery cell, a sinusoidal voltage waveform is induced between the anodes, and the sinusoidal constant current waveform (Is), the sinusoidal voltage waveform (Vis), and the phase difference between the two waveforms are generated only by internal resistance. Only the component can be calculated, thereby enabling accurate calculation of the battery internal resistance value (inverse of the conductance value).

In addition, the size of the sine wave AC constant current supplied by the constant current source 5 shown in FIG. An internal impedance voltage (Vis) is induced only when a current is applied to accurately extract the voltage signal waveform from the noise. In one embodiment of the present invention, a constant current of 1 to 2 A peak may be used to obtain a voltage signal of 0.5 mV to 1.0 mV between a battery anode having an internal impedance resistance component of 0.5 m Ohm.

10 is a block diagram for each function of the constant current source 5 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The MPU 1 in the main controller unit receives a clock synchronized with the base clock of the MPU (for example, 16 KHz) and insulates it through the photo coupler 30, and divides the basic operation clock of the MPU 1 to adjust the amplitude. Possible sinusoidal wave generator circuit 33 obtains a complete ac sinusoidal waveform with a reference frequency (eg 1 kHz).

The reference clock CLK used to generate the sine wave in the constant current source 5 is obtained by dividing the basic operation clock of the MPU from the MPU 1 as described above, and again dividing it to generate an AC constant current Is frequency. As a result, the basic operation clock of the MPU 1 and the frequency of the AC constant current Is are always synchronized. Therefore, when the MPU 1 calculates the characteristic data related to the internal impedance, the MPU 1 can recognize the frequency of the constant current source 5 in advance so that the period of the AC constant current Is and the impedance voltage Vis signals can be easily used. In addition, it is possible to accurately measure the phase difference, it is possible to easily secure a means for reducing the error caused by the frequency variation of the constant current source (5).

The constant current source 5 has a function of controlling the output current by feeding back the output current to generate a constant current Is. That is, the feedback signal, which is the output current feedback value If, is insulated through the current transformer 41 such as CT, and then converted into a DC feedback signal in the rectifier smoothing circuit 42 composed of an operational amplifier. In the operational amplifier 31 which performs the differential amplification function, the difference (-) between the output current feedback signal and the constant current setting value of the constant current setting circuit 43 is obtained, the amplified value is amplified, and then the integrating circuit 32 is obtained. Through the input to the amplitude control terminal 의 of the sinusoidal wave generator circuit 33 through the control to enable the constant current supply. The DC feedback signal may be amplified by amplifying the difference between the two signals by inverting and amplifying the DC feedback signal and inputting the DC feedback signal to the non-inverting input terminal of the integrating circuit 32 by adding it to the constant current setting value of the constant current setting circuit 43. One operational amplifier may implement a circuit for the functions of (31) and the integrating circuit (32). In addition, in order to increase the resolution of the measured value without affecting the battery's characteristics and lifespan during measurement, the overshoot may be applied to supply the battery with the maximum current within the limit that does not affect the battery. There is a need to generate a stable current. In order to realize such a function, the clock signal CLK synchronized with the basic clock of the MPU generated at the start of the constant current source 5 at the MPU 1 is filtered, and then the resistor R and the capacitor C are filtered out. And an integrated circuit composed of a buffer circuit and the like, can generate a soft-start signal (SS) which gradually rises from the beginning of startup by the RC time constant, and performs the differential function on the soft-start signal. When connected to the output terminal of the amplifier 31 or the integration circuit 32 via a diode, the operational amplifier 31 performs a differential function during the initial process of generating the reference clock signal CLK to start the constant current source 5. And the soft-start signal (SS) is smaller than the output of the operational amplifier 31 or the integrated circuit 32, even if the output value of the integrated circuit 32 is generated and increased. Sinusoidal wave generator The constant current source 5, which is input to the amplitude adjusting terminal i, can stably generate a sinusoidal constant current in a steady state (reach a normal value) within a short time such as within 10 m seconds without overshoot. In addition, the AC sine wave (signal) obtained by the sine wave generating circuit 33 by the above method is subtracted from the output current feedback value If in the instantaneous summing circuit 34 in order to improve the transient response. It is input to the circuit 35 and amplified.
FIG. 11A is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of a class B amplifier used in the present invention, and illustrates an embodiment of a two-stage class B current amplifier circuit of an AC constant current source (Is) signal.
Referring to FIG. 11A, the AC constant current (Is) signal is first amplified without distortion in the first class B amplifier circuit 35, and the secondary side has a high frequency signal having two (reverse) insulated (wound) windings. It is input to the primary of the transformer T2. When the internal impedance of the battery is relatively large and a constant current of less than 1A is required for the output current Is, the constant current source 5 can be simply configured by connecting only the output transformer to the output side of the first amplifier. The AC constant current (Is) signal is 180 degrees out of phase at the output of the reversely connected secondary winding of the transformer T2, and the sinusoidal sinsint and the phase is inverted (180 degrees) at the secondary winding. A sinusoidal signal (sinωt + 180 degrees) is obtained. The first class B amplifier circuit 35 is composed of an operational amplifier U3 and transistors Q1 and Q2. Since the output of the operational amplifier U3 is connected to each base of the NPN transistor Q1 and the PNP transistor Q2, and the transformer T2 is connected to the common connection point of each emitter of the transistors Q1 and Q2, the signal Is is It is amplified and output through the transformer T2, and the amplified output signal (common connection point of each emitter) is again input to the inverting terminal (-) of the operational amplifier U3, so the current amplification of the transistors Q1 and Q2 (Hfe) Even if) is changed, it enables stable current amplification operation. In another embodiment, the output signal (common connection point of each emitter) is divided by using two resistors, and then the input signal is inputted to the inverting terminal (-) of the operational amplifier U3 so that the divided output signal is fed back. U3 will act as an amplifier.
The second class B amplifier circuit 37 is composed of operational amplifiers U9A, U9B, NPN transistors Q3, Q4, and an output transformer TM1. The sinusoidal wave and the sinusoidal signal whose phase is inverted by 180 degrees are respectively passed through the operational amplifiers U9A and U9B of the second class B amplifier circuit 27, and their outputs are respectively applied to the base terminals of the NPN transistors Q3 and Q4. The first and the end points of the primary winding of the output transformer TM1 are respectively amplified and connected to each collector (or drain in the case of an N channel FET) of the transistors Q3 and Q4, and the center tap is connected to the power supply. The output is amplified and output through the output transformer TM1 connected to the positive pole (+). In FIG. 11A, the transistors Q3 and Q4 are illustrated as a bipolar single NPN transistor device, but the transistors Q3 and Q4 may be replaced by N channel FET transistors, or the circuit may be configured by a Darlington compound. It is also possible to increase the amplification of the amplification circuit or to improve the characteristics. 11B is yet another embodiment of a class 2B amplifier. 11A and 11B, the class B amplifier circuit has a very high efficiency compared to the class A amplifier circuit, but has a crossover distortion so that the + 12V control power supply using the resistor R1 and the variable resistor VR1 can be used to improve this. The voltage may be divided to apply a bias voltage (about 0.6 V to 0.7 V) to the base input terminal of the transistors Q3 and Q4. The sinusoidal constant current output amplified in this way is a current source to be used for impedance measurement of the battery, is insulated by the output transformer TM1, and is directly supplied to the battery through the coupling capacitor Cdc. Through the above operation, a constant current Is is generated for measuring the internal impedance of the battery cell, which is controlled to allow a certain amount of current to flow even when the battery internal impedance is very similar to a shorted load. In the coupling capacitor Cdc, the battery terminal voltage V _DC and the constant current source 5 are not electrically interrupted.

delete

The basic data for the battery cells of the emergency power system and the measured data for monitoring the power quality of the power system connected to the emergency power system measured by the series of ideological concepts described above are measured by the main controller unit 11 shown in FIG. Is stored in the internal memory by MPU (1) and diagnoses the deterioration degree of battery, calculates the effective value of each phase for power system of emergency power system, the effective value and instantaneous voltage value of each phase in case of accident, and stores the stored data in communication port. It transmits to the outside through the built-in real-time clock timer (RTC) to determine the transmission time, record the accident time and send the accident information to the remote or host PC through the communication port. In addition, the characteristic data of the battery such as the measured battery temperature, battery cell terminal voltage, charge / discharge voltage, current, etc., and the intrinsic internal impedance value (resistance component) of the battery calculated on the basis of the battery are stored in the emergency power (quality) monitoring diagnostic system. Displayed through an external output device such as an LCD, various data or commands are inputted by an external input device such as a keypad, and a program of a deterioration diagnosis algorithm preset by the calculated magnitude of the internal battery resistance of the battery is operated. If the information of the aging cell is advanced, visual (warning light), hearing (beep sound), and communication media are informed to the remote manager and the situation room. The series of operations of the MPU is performed by a software algorithm designed according to a predetermined measurement diagnostic program, which will be described in detail as follows.

The software algorithm is composed of a main program and a timer interrupt program. In the main program phase, a low priority program is implemented by implementing functions that do not require strict program execution time constraints such as external input device processing, external output device processing, communication, and battery cell impedance calculation. Control of the constant current source 5 shown in FIG. 4, operation of the relaying circuit combination 4, acquisition of power system measurement data of the emergency power system measured by the AC sensor circuit 15 and the DC sensor circuit 14, A series of operations must be completed within a specified time such as battery temperature, battery cell voltage, charge / discharge voltage and current for monitoring / diagnosis of battery cells in an emergency power system, and data acquisition of impedance voltage signals due to battery internal impedance. Is implemented.

FIG. 13A is a diagram for conceptually illustrating a cycle and a method in which a main program and a timer interrupt program are performed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to FIG. 13A, the main program is executed 120, the timer interrupt program is periodically performed 121 at regular time intervals, and after the execution of the interrupt program is completed, the main program returns and is continuously executed 122. Able to know.

In order to measure the internal impedance of a reliable battery cell, the constant current source 5 shown in FIG. 4 generates a sinusoidal constant current oscillating at a high frequency of several Khz, which has already been described as generating an impedance voltage of the same frequency as that frequency. There is a bar. In order to acquire the impedance voltage waveform in order to acquire the impedance voltage of the high frequency without loss in the timer interrupt program, in the step of the timer interrupt program, the loss is not lost even in the main program execution cycle as shown in FIG. 13A. A function of acquiring an impedance voltage waveform without continuing to return to the main program in order to acquire is continued (124). In detail, the timer interrupt program for obtaining the input AC waveform, DC waveform, temperature, etc. of the power system of the emergency power system returns to the main program after acquiring this information, and the main program is executed until immediately before the corresponding interrupt is generated. Run continuously after the program. During the execution of the timer interrupt program for acquiring the impedance voltage waveform, the timer interrupt program is continuously executed without returning to the main program to acquire the impedance voltage waveform having the high frequency, thereby acquiring the impedance voltage waveform at high speed. It also increases the effectiveness and at the same time acquires data for monitoring the power system of emergency power system periodically to ensure the continuity of data and no loss.

FIG. 13B is a flowchart illustrating a main program process for diagnosing deterioration of an emergency power system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and illustrating a flowchart of an operation procedure of the main program.
Referring to FIG. 13B, when the power switch is turned on, the MPU 1 in the main control unit 11 receives power from the auxiliary power supply 10 and executes a main program. After the program initialization (131) process, the emergency power system 18 and the battery cell (3) is ready for inspection. In operation 132, an external input device such as a keypad is input. If an external input occurs, it is determined whether the input data is a parameter of the diagnostic system (133). If it is determined that the parameter is set, the parameter is not set (134). It checks whether it is a command (135) and if it is determined to be a command, sets the data transmission variable (136). Thereafter, it is checked whether the data transmission variable is set (137), and if it is set, the data is transmitted (138) and the data transmission variable is checked (139). do. If the data size is large, the data is divided into a certain amount of data instead of all data at once, and the data is returned to the main loop so that other programs can perform it. After the return, it checks whether there is a request for data transmission from the external system (141). If there is a request, the data transmission variable is set (142) to transmit the data when the next main program is executed. Finally, the internal impedance calculation variable is set based on the measurement data of the battery cell acquired by the timer interrupt (143). If the internal impedance calculation variable is set, the impedance calculation program 144 calculates this and calculates the internal impedance. After storing the impedance 145, the internal impedance calculation variable is released (146). The series of processes is performed repeatedly.
The impedance calculation routine 144 of the battery cell of FIG. 13B is performed based on the instantaneous values of the internal impedance voltage Vis and the AC constant current Is obtained and stored in the timer interrupt program. The impedance calculation routine 144 may include a period and average calculation program step or an effective value, a phase difference, and an impedance calculation step. The calculation principle and the operation of the period and average calculation program may include impedance voltage ( The instantaneous waveforms of Vis) and AC constant current Is are described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 14A and 14B.

delete

,

를 구하고, 전류신호는 또 다른 제로크로싱 검출기(170-2)를 통과시켜 타이머(172)를 이용하여 전류의 상승에지의 시점

,

를 구하고, 전압 또는 전류 상승에지의 시점 차이로 인한 전압의 주기 T_v와 전류의 주기 T_i를 각각 다음 [수학식 1] 및 [수학식 2]와 같이 구한다.

도 14b 에 도시된 것처럼, 임피던스 전압(Vis)과 교류 정전류(Is) 신호는 각각 A/D 변환기(171)에 입력되어 크기를 측정하게 된다. 또한 상기 임피던스 전압(Vis), 교류 정전류(Is) 신호는 제로크로싱 검출기(170-2)를 통과시켜 각 신호가 음(-)에서 양(+)으로 변화하는 시점에서 각 영점의 상승에지(Rising Edge)인 Z_CV1, Z_CV2, Z_CI1, Z_CI2를 발생시킨다. 임피던스 전압(Vis)과 교류 정전류(I_s) 신호의 상승에지는 빠르게 일정한 주파수로 증가하는 MPU(1)내에 있는 고속타이머/카운터에 연결된다. 예를 들어 상기카운터가 1MHz로 동작한다면 카운터의 한 단위는 1u초이다. 상승에지가 발생할 때의 카운터 값을 읽으면 상승에지의 시점(

,

,

,

)을 알 수 있다.Fig. 14A is a block diagram of a zero crossing circuit of AC constant current Is and impedance voltage Vis used in the present invention.
Fig. 14B is a graph showing the time characteristics of the instantaneous waveform and phase angle of the AC constant current Is and the impedance voltage Vis used in the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 14A, an impedance voltage Vis signal and an alternating current constant current Is are input to the A / D converter 171, and the phase difference φ of the voltage and current increases at a constant frequency. To be obtained using To find the effective value, first, the average value of voltage and current should be obtained. The voltage signal passes a zero crossing detector 170-1 and uses the timer to increase the voltage.

,

The current signal is passed through another zero crossing detector 170-2 and the time of the rising edge of the current using the timer 172 is obtained.

,

And the period T _v of the voltage and the period T _i of the current due to the difference in time points of the voltage or current rising edges are obtained as in Equations 1 and 2, respectively.

As shown in FIG. 14B, the impedance voltage Vis and the AC constant current Is signal are respectively input to the A / D converter 171 to measure the magnitude. In addition, the impedance voltage (Vis) and the AC constant current (Is) signal is passed through the zero crossing detector 170-2, the rising edge of each zero point at the time when each signal is changed from negative (+) to positive (+) Edge) Z _CV1 , Z _CV2 , Z _CI1 , Z _CI2 are generated. The rising edge of the impedance voltage Vis and the AC constant current I _s signal is connected to a high-speed timer / counter in the MPU 1 that rapidly increases at a constant frequency. For example, if the counter operates at 1 MHz, one unit of the counter is 1 u second. If you read the counter value when rising edge occurs,

,

,

,

Can be seen.

delete

= 1000,

= 2000 이고, 전류의 상승에지의 카운터 값이 차례로

= 1100,

= 2100 이라면, 전압의 한 주기는 2000 - 1000 = 1000(u초)이고 1Khz가 된다. 전류의 한 주기도 2100 - 1100 = 1000 으로 같은 값이 된다. 1000 이 한 주기이므로 360도이고 전압과 전류의 위상차가 1100 - 1000 = 100 이므로 100을 각도로 환산하면 100 x 360 / 1000 = 36도 의 위상차를 얻게 된다. 더 높은 정밀도를 얻기 위해서는 카운터의 주파수를 높여야 할 필요가 있다.Counter value of rising edge of voltage

= 1000,

= 2000 and the counter value of rising edge of current is

= 1100,

If = 2100, one period of voltage is 2000-1000 = 1000 (u seconds) and becomes 1Khz. One period of current is equal to 2100-1100 = 1000. Since 1000 is one cycle, it is 360 degrees, and the phase difference between voltage and current is 1100-1000 = 100. Therefore, if 100 is converted to an angle, a phase difference of 100 x 360/1000 = 36 degrees is obtained. To get higher precision, you need to increase the frequency of the counter.

,

를 계산할 수 있는 것이다.Also, as an example, the MPU 1 generates a reference clock CLK, which is used to generate a sine wave in the constant current source 5, by dividing its basic operation clock, and again the reference clock ( CLK) is divided so that the frequency of the AC constant current Is is generated, so that the basic operation clock of the MPU 1 and the frequency of the AC constant current Is are always synchronized, so that the MPU 1 has a basic operation clock or a reference clock. Based on the frequency of CLK, the period of the impedance voltage Vis and the period of the AC constant current Is can be easily known. Through this calculation process, the period of the impedance voltage Vis and the AC constant current Is is determined, and the instantaneous values of the impedance voltage Vis and the AC constant current Is for one period are read and averaged during the period.

,

Can be calculated.

와 교류 정전류의 평균치

와 임피던스 전압의 순시치 및 교류 정전류의 순시치를 이용하여 다음 [수학식 3] 및 [수학식 4]와 같이 연산함으로써 구할 수 있다.

The impedance voltage effective value ( V _S ) and the AC constant current effective value ( I _S ) are the average value of the impedance voltage during one cycle calculated above.

Of AC and constant current

Using the instantaneous value of the impedance voltage and the instantaneous value of the AC constant current can be calculated by the following equation (3) and (4).

delete

delete

은 저장된 임피던스 전압 파형의 각 순시치를 의미하고

은 저장된 교류 정전류 파형의 각 순시치를 의미하고 N은 전체 주기 동안의 순시치 저장회수이다.
위상차 프로그램에서는 임피던스 전압(Vis)과 교류 정전류(Is)의 위상차

를 상기의 평균치 연산 프로그램에서 구한 전압과 전류의 각 영점의 상승에지(Rising Edge)점의 차이로서 위상차 φ는 다음 [수학식 5]와 같이 계산된다.

이때 임피던스 전압(Vis) 또는 교류 정전류(Is)의 파형이 조금이라도 왜곡되거나 잡음이 섞이게 되면 위상차

값 연산시에 오차가 발생될 수 있으므로 상기의 제로크로싱 검출기(170-1, 170-2)를 고급화하여 설계할 필요가 있을 것이다.
임피던스 값을 구하는 일 실시 예로써 상기의 연산 과정에 의해 구하여진 임피던스 전압 실효치

와 교류 정전류 실효치

와 위상차

를 이용하여 내부 임피던스(Z), 또는 저항성분(R)을 각각 다음 [수학식 6] 및 [수학식 7]과 같이 연산함으로써 구할 수 있다.

상기에서는 내부 임피던스(Z)에 cos

를 곱하여 임피던스 유효성분(저항성분)을 구하는 방법, 특히 위상차

를 정확히 구하는 방법에 대해 자세히 설명하였다. 상기에서 설명한 바와 같이 본 방법은 하드웨어 회로로 구성된 위상검출회로 및 MPU 내부 카운터의 간략한 연산단계에 의해 위상차각

를 얻을 수 있으므로, 공지의 동기검파법과 같은 수식원리를 이용하여 복잡한 연산단계를 거쳐 임피던스유효값을 구하는 방법과 비교할 때 임피던스값 연산시 MPU의 연산량을 줄일 수 있는 장점이 있는 것이다. here,

Means each instant of the stored impedance voltage waveform

Is the instantaneous value of the stored AC constant current waveform, and N is the instantaneous value storage frequency for the entire period.
In the phase difference program, the phase difference between the impedance voltage Vis and the AC constant current Is

Is the difference between the rising edge of each zero point of the voltage and current obtained by the above average calculation program, and the phase difference φ is calculated as shown in Equation 5 below.

At this time, if the waveform of impedance voltage (Vis) or AC constant current (Is) is slightly distorted or mixed with noise, phase difference

Since an error may occur in calculating a value, it may be necessary to design the above zero crossing detectors 170-1 and 170-2 in an advanced manner.
As an example of obtaining the impedance value, the impedance voltage effective value obtained by the above calculation process.

AC constant current effective value

And phase difference

It can be obtained by calculating the internal impedance (Z) or the resistance component (R) as shown in the following [Equation 6] and [Equation 7], respectively.

In the above, cos to the internal impedance (Z)

Multiply by to find the impedance effective component (resistance component), especially the phase difference

We explained in detail how to obtain. As described above, the present method uses a phase detection circuit composed of hardware circuits and a phase difference by a simple calculation step of the MPU internal counter.

Since it can be obtained, compared to the method of calculating the impedance effective value through a complicated calculation step using a mathematical principle such as the known synchronous detection method, there is an advantage that can reduce the amount of calculation of the MPU when calculating the impedance value.

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As described above, the timer interrupt program is executed at regular intervals and returns to the main program when the execution is completed. Whenever the timer interrupt program is executed, the program to measure the waveform storage program and the impedance waveform is executed, calculate the number of times the timer interrupt program is executed, set the counter variable to increase the time for the time measurement, and determine when the counter variable reaches the determined value. Perform a binary program step or reset the counter variable to zero.

The deterioration diagnosis system proposed in the present invention by the above-described series of conceptual concepts and operating principles is used for monitoring the power quality of a power system connected to an emergency power system, and measures the measured data and basic data about the battery cells used in the emergency power system. Measured, computed and stored in the memory, using this as the basic data, the internal impedance is calculated by the battery cell internal impedance calculation algorithm in the MPU, and the data is displayed through an external output device such as an LCD provided in the degradation diagnostic system. Various data or commands are inputted by an external input device, such as a program of a deterioration reference algorithm, which is set in advance by the calculated internal resistance of the battery, to determine the state of the cell, and to the information of the aging cell. Time (warning light) and hearing (beep sound) By stating that the abnormality in the control room manager and the remote will be possible.

On the other hand, the battery system that is constantly monitored by the degradation diagnosis system proposed in the present invention is based on 12 cells, 24 cells or 36 cells depending on the capacity of the emergency power system, but as the capacity of the emergency power system increases As the number of tanks (serial connected batteries) increases, there may be more than 100 units, or several emergency power systems may be installed in one place. In this case, for example, six or four series connected cell strings are treated as 12V (8V) cells and the six (four) cell groups are connected to the output terminal of one relay circuit combination. In this case, up to 360 cells (6 cells x 60 cells) can be monitored by the degradation diagnosis system of one battery system proposed in the present invention, but in this case, it is difficult to accurately measure / diagnose each cell. It is necessary to use two degradation diagnostic systems.

FIG. 5 illustrates a plurality of deterioration diagnosis systems for monitoring a power system of a plurality of emergency power systems and diagnosing a sound state (degradation degree) of a plurality of battery cells in real time by installing several emergency power systems in one place. Block diagram showing a case where a remote network communication network is used to remotely transmit diagnostic or measurement data obtained from a plurality of degradation diagnosis systems. N emergency power supply systems 160 including battery cells and power supply systems, which are objects of failure diagnosis or data update, are connected to N degradation diagnostic systems 161 to 164 for diagnosing this. These N deterioration diagnosis systems 161 to 164 diagnose or measure the emergency power system 160 by a series of concepts and methods described above, and measure the measured data between the plurality of deterioration diagnosis systems 161 to 164. In order to share, serial interfaces 162 are installed in communication ports provided in the main control unit, respectively. These serial interfaces 162 connect N degradation diagnostic systems 161 to 164 in parallel. It is connected to a local network 163 installed for the purpose of connecting. This local network 163 is also included in the case of wireless. In addition, one deterioration diagnosis system of the N deterioration diagnosis system may be selected as the main deterioration diagnosis system 164 through which it is possible to transmit data of the main deterioration diagnosis system 164 and the remaining deterioration diagnosis system.
In addition, a LAN interface 165 as well as a serial interface 162 may be installed in the main degradation diagnosis system 164 to transmit data obtained from the N degradation diagnosis systems to a remote location. The LAN interface 165 is connected to the local area network 166. With this configuration, the main degradation diagnosis system 164 in which the serial interface 162 and the LAN interface 165 or the wireless interface 167 are installed together is provided with a remote network communication network 166 such as the Internet for diagnosis or measurement data. In transmitting through a wireless communication network 168 such as CDMA, all degradation diagnostic system data can be transmitted by a remote network communication network 166 or a wireless communication network 168 such as CDMA. will be.

More specifically, FIG. 6A illustrates one of the plurality of degradation diagnosis systems as the master degradation diagnosis system 164 and the remaining slave degradation diagnosis systems 164-a, 164-b, 164-c,. n). In addition, the master degradation diagnosis system 164 has a serial interface capable of serial communication such as RS-485, RS-422, RS-232, or communication within a zone such as Bluetooth, and performs communication control. It communicates with and controls each slave degradation diagnosis system bidirectionally. The main degradation diagnosis system 164 and the slave degradation diagnosis systems change parameters in the degradation diagnosis system through respective local networks 163 connected to the degradation diagnosis system, and are stored in the degradation diagnosis system. Data can be inquired, and all slave degradation diagnosis connected to the local network through the serial interface with the main degradation diagnosis system 164 in the local monitoring device 169 such as a computer (PC) connected to the master degradation diagnosis system 164. System control (parameter value adjustment, data inquiry) is possible, and the slave deterioration diagnosis system also enables data inquiry and parameter value adjustment of each diagnosis system. In addition, the master degradation diagnosis system 164 may be connected to all wireless communication or remote network communication network in addition to or directly from the local monitoring device 169, in which case the master degradation diagnosis system 164 of all the slave degradation diagnosis systems Data can also be accessed.

When one battery cell is composed of hundreds of cells or more, a liquid crystal display (LCD) instead of the slave degradation diagnosis system (164-a, 164-b, 164-c, ..., 164-n) as shown in Fig. 6C. It does not have an output device such as) and has a simple function of checking only battery characteristics and a measurement diagnostic unit (1, 2, 3 ... N) having only a simple serial communication port such as RS485. strings can be installed close to each other. The measurement diagnostic unit is composed of a main controller unit 11 having a relatively simple function, a constant current source 5 and a relay circuit combination 4. In this case, the master degradation diagnosis system 164 and the measurement diagnosis unit (1, 2, 3 .... N) are interconnected to a simple serial communication port such as RS485, and the master degradation diagnosis system 164 is connected through its serial communication network. It is possible to change the parameter of each measurement diagnosis unit and to search the stored data, and also to use the serial interface device in the local system 169 such as a PC connected to the main degradation diagnosis system 164. This enables the control (parameter value adjustment, data inquiry) of all the above-mentioned measurement diagnosis units connected through the network. In addition, the master degradation diagnosis system 164 may be directly connected to all wireless communication network or remote network communication network, and in this case, all the measurement diagnosis units (1, 2, 3... N) data is also accessible.
Also, as shown in FIG. 6B, any emergency power system 170 in which communication protocols can be matched with each other may be used instead of the slave degradation diagnosis system, and the emergency power system connected instead of the slave degradation diagnosis system of FIG. 6A. When the communication port of the 170 and the communication port of the master degradation diagnosis system 164 are interconnected, the above-described data is accessible through the master degradation diagnosis system 164. As described above, the degradation diagnosis system can establish various communication methods, and in particular, when using the Internet network, one fixed IP is established on a host connected to one degradation diagnosis system to enable two-way communication through N degradation diagnosis systems and a telecommunication network. And, by monitoring the operating status of the N emergency power system remotely from the host to which the fixed IP is connected, it is possible to perform the remote maintenance control of more than 1000 sites online, thereby enabling economical maintenance in real time. In addition to the emergency power system, various control systems controlled by a PLC can be controlled and monitored remotely using the functions of the present diagnosis device.

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As described above, according to the present invention, as a series of functional operations and programs embedded in the MPU are performed, the deterioration diagnosis system performs deterioration by unattended monitoring and control of the health of an emergency power system including a battery system at all times in real time. It is possible to find and take measures in advance, and to configure computer analysis software and user menus, so that even when the power is cut off, it is possible to secure stable secondary reserve power supply to high-tech equipment even when the power is cut off. The maintenance of emergency power system can be reasonably managed by making it easy and economical maintenance.

In addition, the present invention is an Internet data center, a computer center, a mobile communication base station, a telecommunications company for information and communication networks, hospitals, military communication computing facilities, banks, industrial surveillance and control systems, roads This system is required for transportation, railway and subway monitoring and control systems, ships, power plants and substations of power companies, etc. The system is computerized automation, so it is unmanned, maintenance automation, scientific maintenance, and unpredictable. Since it can implement the function of preventing the inoperable due to the failure of the secondary power system, economical maintenance and scientific operation are possible, so that the power quality of the emergency power system that includes various functions can be monitored all the time and the battery Detect problems early in the system and respond to proactive replacement of failed cells It is possible to establish various communication methods and when using internet network, it is possible to remotely monitor and control more than 1000 sites online using one fixed IP so that economical maintenance can be performed in real time.

Claims (18)

Degradation of a battery system that measures the characteristics of the battery system 3 consisting of a plurality of battery cells, diagnoses the deterioration state, and communicates with a remote device such as a server that manages historical data on the characteristics of the battery system 3. In the diagnostic system, Controls the selection control of the battery cell under test, the amplifier selection control of the automatic scaling circuit 7 and the generation of the AC constant current Is, and when the AC constant current Is is generated, the impedance voltage Vis and the AC constant current ( Is) to obtain a waveform, and to obtain measurement data such as terminal voltage (V _DC ), current (I), and temperature (t) of the battery cell under measurement, and using the AC constant current (Is) and the impedance voltage (Vis). An MPU 1 for calculating an internal impedance of the battery cell under measurement; A constant current source (5) controlled on / off by said MPU (1) and whose frequency is determined to produce said alternating current (Is); It is connected between the constant current source 5 and the battery system 3, and a plurality of relays are configured to be connected in parallel with each of the plurality of battery cells, respectively, to be obtained from the battery cell under measurement in accordance with a control signal from the MPU 1 A relaying circuit combination (4) for selectively switching and connecting the measurement signal including the impedance voltage (Vis) to the MPU (1); A preamplifier (16) for removing and amplifying noise in the measurement signal including the impedance voltage (Vis) received through the relaying circuit combination (4); A plurality of operational amplifiers 50 having different amplification gain ratios, and a signal selector 51 which is connected to the output terminals of the operational amplifiers and selects one of the operational amplifiers 50. An automatic scaling circuit (7) for automatically scaling the magnitude of the impedance voltage (Vis) input from the preamplifier (16) to a signal suitable for the MPU (1); An A / D converter (6) connected to the constant current source (5), the preamplifier (16), and the automatic scaling circuit (7) to convert the respective signals to digital signals; A communication port (8) for communicating with the remote device; The MPU 1 operates the Nth relay connected to the battery cell under measurement in the relaying circuit combination 4 and then controls the constant current source 5 to be started. . The method according to claim 1, The MPU 1, A main program that performs input / output control to an external device, a communication control with a remote device, an impedance calculation, and a timer interrupt program that controls a series of operations for acquiring a measurement signal including the impedance voltage (Vis) waveform. , After the timer interrupt program is executed, the program returns to the main program, and while the acquisition of the impedance voltage (Vis) waveform having a high frequency is performed, the timer interrupt program is continuously executed for a predetermined time without returning to the main program. Deterioration diagnosis system of a battery system, characterized by ensuring the continuity of the acquisition of the impedance voltage (Vis) waveform. The method according to claim 1, An emergency power supply system having said storage battery system under test; A DC sensor circuit (14) connected to the battery system (3) for sensing charge / discharge voltage and charge / discharge current of the battery system (3); An AC sensor circuit (15) connected to said emergency power system (18) for sensing an AC voltage and an AC current of said emergency power system (18); The MPU 1 uses the sensed charge / discharge voltage and charge / discharge current of the battery system 3 and the AC voltage and AC current of the emergency power system 18 and the emergency power system ( 18) Deterioration diagnosis system of a battery system, characterized in that to measure the power quality of. delete delete delete The method of claim 1, The relaying circuit combination 4 is composed of a plurality of relaying circuit combinations, and is controlled by a relay selection control signal consisting of a 6-bit binary code signal. The relaying combination 4 includes a plurality of relays by a 2-bit selection signal of the 6-bit binary code signal. And one of the plurality of relays constituting the selected relaying circuit combination (4) is selected by the remaining four-bit selection signal. The method of claim 1, The constant current source 5, An operational amplifier 31 for generating a difference (-) signal from an output current feedback value If as an input signal, an output signal from the operational amplifier 31, and a basic clock of the MPU 1; It is composed of a sinusoidal wave generator circuit 33 for receiving the clock signal CLK formed by dividing to generate an AC sine wave, The clock signal CLK is input to the soft start circuit 39 to generate a soft start signal ss, and the soft start signal ss is coupled to an output terminal of the operational amplifier 31. Deterioration diagnosis system of storage battery system. The method according to claim 1 or 8, The constant current source 5, The output signal of the sinusoidal wave generating circuit 33 is differentially computed with the output current feedback value If in the instantaneous summing circuit 34 and then input to the first class B amplifying circuit 35 to be amplified and amplified. Class B amplifier circuit 35 is composed of NPN transistor Q1, PNP transistor Q2, and operational amplifier U3. An output of the operational amplifier U3 is connected to each base terminal of the NPN transistor Q1 and the PNP transistor Q2, and a transformer is provided at a common connection point of each emitter terminal of the NPN transistor Q1 and the PNP transistor Q2. The primary winding of (T2) is connected, the amplified output signal is output through the transformer (T2) and at the same time configured to feed back to the inverting (-) input terminal of the operational amplifier (U3) Deterioration diagnosis system. The method of claim 9, In the secondary winding of the transformer T2, two insulated windings are inversely connected in parallel to obtain two signals of sinusoids sinsin t and sinusoids sinsin t + 180 degrees having a 180 degree phase difference therebetween. The signal is further amplified by a second class B amplifier circuit (37) and configured to output an alternating current constant current (Is). The method of claim 1, The MPU 1, The operational amplifier having the largest amplification gain among the plurality of operational amplifiers 50 is preferentially selected, and if the output of the selected operational amplifier is saturated, the operational amplifier having the small amplification gain is selected again step by step. If the output of the selected operational amplifier is smaller than a predetermined setting range, automatic scaling is performed by controlling the automatic scaling circuit 7 to reselect the operational amplifier having a large amplification gain by one step from the plurality of operational amplifiers 50. Deterioration diagnosis system of a storage battery system, characterized in that performing. The method of claim 1, The MPU 1, The constant current source 5 is divided by generating a clock signal CLK to be input to the constant current circuit 5 and controlling the frequency generation of the constant current source 5 by the clock signal CLK. Degradation diagnosis system of a battery system, characterized in that to obtain the period of the impedance voltage or the period of the AC constant current required for impedance calculation by recognizing the frequency of. The method of claim 1, The MPU 1, Average value of impedance voltage (Vis) for one cycle

, Average value of AC constant current (Is)

Using the instantaneous value of the impedance voltage Vis and the instantaneous value of the AC constant current Is, the impedance voltage effective value is expressed by the following equations (3) and (4).

And AC constant current effective value

And calculate The phase difference between the impedance voltage Vis and the AC constant current Is according to Equation (5) below.

Is calculated, The calculated impedance voltage rms

AC constant current effective value

, And phase difference

Deterioration diagnosis system of a battery system, characterized in that to calculate the internal impedance (Z) or the resistance component (R) by the following equations (6) and (7). Equation (3)

Equation (4)

here,

Means each instantaneous value of the impedance voltage (Vis),

Is the instantaneous value of AC constant current (Is), and N is the instantaneous value storage recovery for the whole cycle. Equation (5)

Equation (6)

Equation (7)

The method according to claim 1 or 3, The MPU, Acquiring a ripple voltage signal Vrp for a predetermined period Trp when the AC constant current Is is not applied, and instantaneous AC during the constant period Trp when the AC constant current Is is applied. Controlling the generation of the AC constant current Is so that a voltage signal (Vrp + Vis) is obtained. delete delete delete delete

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