KR100492310B1 - Variety of Walnut Plant Asexually Propagated by Merithallus Graft - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a mutant tree that is obtained by artificial breeding of the cultivar of Lake and Sangchon No. 4, which are opposing, cold-resistant, and multiplying, and asexually bred by pedicle grafting. Variations of hawthorn according to the above constitution are antagonistic and strong cold resistance can be cultivated nationwide, can be stably mass-produced by inheriting the same genetic traits as parameters.

Description

Variety of Walnut Plant Asexually Propagated by Merithallus Graft}

The present invention relates to a new kind of walnut tree, and more particularly to a new kind of walnut tree that can be grown nationwide due to its opposition and strong cold resistance, and can be stably mass-produced by inheriting the same genetic traits as the parameter.

Hawthorn is widely distributed throughout Europe, Asia, and the Americas, and is a species that is grown and grown in the mid-tropical to mid- temperate zones with an annual average of 12 ℃. A representative species is the Persian Hog ( Juglans regia L.), and the Korean Hog tree Juglans sinensis is found to be a variant of the Persian Hodo line (Brinkman, KA 1974. Walnut ( Juglans L). of woody plants in United States.US Dept.Agir.Handb. 450: 454-459 .; Slate, GL 1981.History of nut trees.p. 9-11.in RA Jaynes (ed.). Nut Tree Culture in North America.NNGA., Connecticult. 466p.)

In Korea, Hodo is a major lost species, as well as high-quality foods rich in nutrients such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins, and oil is a highly economical lost species that is widely used in medicine, cosmetics, and food.

In the United States, in the United States, it began to grow hawthorn trees in 1873, and was first cultivated mainly in the California region. In the United States, more than 100 varieties were selected through adaptation tests in France, Germany, and Poland. Over 100 varieties, including Serr, have been grown and distributed (Serr, E, F. 1968 Persian walnuts in the western states.p.240-262. In RA Jaynes (ed.). Nut Tree Culture in North NNGA., Connecticult. 335p).

In Iran, the genetic variation of yield, fruit characteristics, geodesic deletion rate, cold resistance, prematurity, etc. was examined for 250 preliminarily selected varieties for the selection of natural varieties of wild hawthorn trees. Excellent K 75 and KH 32 varieties were selected (Atefi, J. 1993. Evaluation of walnut genotypes in Iran.p. 24-33. In N. Aleta., J.Girona, and J.Tasias (eds) .Acat Horticulturae 311.ISHS.International walnut Meeting, October 21-25, 1991. Tarragona, Spain.).

Ferhatoglu (1993) first selected 116 excellent candidates from Hokkaido trees in Turkey from 1989 to investigate water deficiency, yield and fruit quality. Nine varieties including No. 1 were selected (Ferhatoglu, Y. 1993. The characteristics of walnut cultivars obtained through selection.p. 34-36. In N.Aleta, J.Girona and J. Tasias (eds) .Acta Horticulturae 311. ISHS.International Walnut Meeting, October 21-25, 1991. Tarragona, Spain.).

In China, the research began with the selection of hawthorn trees in the whole country since the 1970s, and focused on hybridization and cultivation technology from the 1980s. Currently, there are over 900 varieties of Hodo varieties, and 100 of them are hybrid varieties. (Ji Young-jung, Jang Ui-pyeong, 1991. 中國 核桃. 中國 林 業 出版社, Beijing. 459pp.).

In Japan, over 15 varieties were selected, including the cultivation of superior varieties, after quantitative traits of fruit were studied on natural hawthorn trees consisting of natural hybridization between the Persian arcs introduced in Europe and the Japanese native varieties. 10.39-57), The New Oriental Use Formation System.

In the selection of the superior individuals by Korean hawthorn fruit traits, fruit variability was shown to be large between regions and individuals. Investigation of fruit characteristics of cross-border hybrids by species, diameter, thickness, skin thickness, intake and weight ratio There was a high level of significance among cross-cutting associations, and the correlation between fruit characteristics was positively correlated in the intake and weight ratio, and inequality in the inflow and weight ratio (Park Seung-gul, Ahn Chang-young, Jeong Seok-gu, Lee Moon-ho, Lee Bong-su. 1980. 韓國 産林 育 硏 報 16: 49-67; 李 文 鎬, 安昌永, 朴致善. 1983. The land of hawthorn trees 實 實 林 育 硏 報. 19: 103-109. 李 文 鎬, 安昌永, 朴致善, 1984. Rehabilitation of Botanical Trees by Ginseng Trees, 20: 139-144. Ph.D., Ph.D., Ph.D., Ph.D., 1993.硏 報 29: 96-100)..

The cultivation area of hawthorn trees in Korea is Muju, Yeongdong, Cheonan, Gimcheon, Gongju, Yecheon, and budget. Recently, cultivation of hawthorn trees has been expanded nationwide. In line with this trend, the development of new breeds and efficient mass breeding methods are urgently required. It is believed that hawthorn propagation is by far the most efficient by grafting. The success of grafting is related to the grafting method, the affinity between the tree and the reception, the technology of grafting, the condition of the reception and the tree, the grafting time, environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. However, walnut tree is known to be the most difficult to grow asexually among the lost species worldwide. In particular, unlike chestnut and other fruit trees in Korea, the grafting season is difficult because the outside temperature and humidity of the grafting season is grafted with walnut trees.

In this regard, the development of new varieties and the development of new asexual growth technology, which have strong cold resistance, confrontation, multiplicity, and high-quality hodo, should be a priority.

The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the prior art, the purpose of the antagonistic and strong cold resistance can be cultivated nationwide, inherited by the same genotype as the parameters of walnut varieties that can be stably mass-produced and The breeding method is to provide.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a mutant tree that is obtained by artificially breeding a rake variety and a Sangchon No. 4 variety, which is antagonistic, cold-resistant, and multiplicity, and grows asexually by pedicle grafting.

Hereinafter, the content of the present invention will be described in detail.

1 is a view of the fruit of a large, cold-resistant Lake varieties, Carpacian strain introduced in the United States in 1976. Rake varieties are currently available at the Forest Genetic Resources Research Laboratory, Forestry Research Institute, Korea Forest Service (53-1, Homaesil-dong, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon-si). Figure 2 is a fruit appearance of the Sangchon 4 varieties of chonchon 4 varieties harvested in the Yeongdong region, Chungbuk in 1975, the fruit flesh is faithful and the skin thickness is thin. Sangchon 4 varieties are currently available for purchase at Gungchon 1-gu, Sangchon-myeon, Yeongdong-gun, Chungbuk.

Variations of auspicious tree of the present invention is obtained through artificial breeding of the rake varieties and Sangchon No. 4 varieties. Artificial breeding in the embodiment of the present invention to be described later was carried out by injecting the flower pot twice a day on the full bloom of the flowers and put the mating bag before blooming in the early May with the rake as the mating parameters. In this case, the pollen water was used as the Sangchon No. 4 varieties (Gongchon 1-gu, Sangchon-myeon, Yeongdong-gun, Chungbuk) when the flowers were in full bloom in late April and stored in a refrigerator at 0-2 ℃.

Hereinafter, the characteristics of the cultivar edible tree obtained by the artificial cross are divided into flowering characteristics, branch characteristics, and leaf characteristics.

First of all, the flowering date is about May 4 for female flowers, about May 8 for full bloom, and about 13 May for end flowers, and about 24 April for male flowers, and May 1 for full bloom. It is light and the end date is about 7th May. In addition, the characteristics of the branches have the characteristics of water washing as a semi uprightness, the resultant moss is moderately thick, and the density of branches is dense. 1-year-old adipose greenish brown, and the leaflets of the geodes are wide oval. In addition, when looking at the characteristics of the lobe, the lobes are 35.0 to 36.0 cm in length, 32.0 to 33.0 cm in width, and 1.06 to 1.12 in length / width, and the primary leaves are 16.5 to 17.5 cm in length, 9.5 to 10.5 cm in width, and 1.57 to 1.84 in width. to be. The number of vein veins is about 30-32, the leaf angle is about 133.7 °, and the area of the leaf is about 122.0-126.0㎠.

Variations of auspicious tree having the characteristics as described above are vigorous and cold-resistant, and fruit is approximately 2.7 times larger than conventional species, and the weight of the flesh is 2.8 times heavier and multiplied. More specifically, the fruit obtained from the walnut tree according to the present invention has a diameter of 55.0 to 56.0 mm, a diameter of 45.5 to 46.5 mm, a fruit weight of 34.0 to 35.0 g, a weight of 13.0 to 14.0 g, a weight of 39.5 to 40.5%, and a thickness of 1.5 It has a characteristic of ˜1.7 mm (see FIG. 3).

Hereinafter, a description will be given of the asexual propagation method of the mutant species in accordance with the present invention. The lush propagation method of the new varieties of walnut tree is based on the pedicle propagation method. The pedestrian breeding method is a method of grafting by using large trees 10-15 days after the young stem is sown and germinated after seeding. This is very useful for fixing varieties with the same parameters and genotypes.

The asexual propagation process according to the present invention includes a process of grafting the seedlings, which are collected before the sap moves and stored at a low temperature of 0 to 4 ° C., to the pedicle tree between 5 to 10 days after germination of the large seed. More specifically, it is sown in 5 ~ 10 days after germination by sowing seeds of hoedo or sputum which can be used for large trees by maintaining temperature 25 ~ 27 ℃ and humidity 80 ~ 85% in plastic house in February ~ March. When the stem is cut to a height of 2 to 4 cm in a state of growing 10 to 15 cm, and then grafted by an incision, the graft slidability can be increased, and the union can produce a healthy graft. (See Fig. 4)

When grafting has conventionally used a method of tying with a tape tape for the close fixing of the large tree and the reception, in this case it is difficult to close the fixing of the grafting site, causing problems in grafting. Therefore, the present invention uses a plastic forceps to easily fix the grafting site (see Figure 5). In this case, the grafting part can be easily fixed, and when the grafting seedling is active, the tongs are automatically taken out, thereby providing economic efficiency such as convenience in management and reducing manpower.

In addition, in order to multiply the mutant tree according to the present invention in large quantities, it is very effective to treat the topcin paste (tobsinpaste) and cover the plastic bag after the pedicle grafting.

Hereinafter, the content of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. However, these examples are only presented to understand the content of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to these embodiments.

EXAMPLES Fostering Hawthorn Hybrids

In order to cultivate high quality varieties of opposition and high quality, Carpathian strains introduced in the United States in 1976 were used as the parameters of large, cold and strong lake varieties (Trial Forestry Research Institute of Forest Genetic Resources, Forest Service Research Institute). The artificial harvesting of Sangchon No. 4 varieties (Gungchon 1-gu, Sangchon-myeon, Yeongdong-gun, Yeongdong-gun, Chungbuk) was carried out with pollen water. Artificial breeding was carried out by putting a rake as a mating parameter and putting a flowering bag before the flowering of flowers in early May and injecting pollen twice every two days on full bloom. The pollen water was used as the Sangchon No. 4 cultivar (Gongchon 1-gu, Sangchon-myeon, Yeongdong-gun, Chungbuk) when the flowers were in full bloom in late April and stored in a refrigerator at 0 ~ 2 ℃. Hybrid seeds were collected and seeded at the Forest Genetic Resources Department (formerly Forestry Breeding Research Institute) forge, and hybrid hybrid black forests (13-1 Mountain, Hokcheon-dong, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do) were investigated.

The fruit characteristics of the new varieties selected as the best varieties are shown in Table 1, flowering characteristics in Table 2, branching characteristics in Table 3, and leaf characteristics in Table 4.

<Table 1> Fruit Characteristics

division Mating Yield per capita Seedling Diameter And practical crab Out of Weight ratio And thickness Parameters Pollen water (♂) The present invention Mckinster Sangchon 2  4.8 kg 55.6 mm 46.1mm 34.5 g 13.8 g 40.0% 1.6mm Native species 1.4 32.0 31.3 11.0 5.0 41.0 1.4

※ The yield of parish is based on 12 years

<Table 2> Flowering Characteristics

Type ♀ flower bloom ♂Flower bloom Remarks Start date Full bloom End date Start date Full bloom End date The present invention 4 May May 8 May 13 April 24 May 1 May 7 Ungung Hwa

<Table 3> Branch Characteristics

Type Growth Washing Results Going secretly dildo 1 year Leaflet shape The present invention Anti-erectivity River medium wheat Cyan Wide oval

<Table 4> Leaf Characteristics

Type Biplane Lobe Vein Vein Count Lobe low angle Lobe area Length width Length Width Length width Length Width The present invention 35.8 cm 32.2 cm 1.11 cm 17.1 cm 10.1 cm 1.69 cm 31.0 133.7 ° 124.0㎠

Example 2 Genetic trait Fixation of Parameters by Grafting

In order to induce cultivation of selected new varieties, grafting was carried out by grafting time and after seed germination. Receipt was collected and collected in January, before the sap was transferred, and the resultant moss was collected, top saw paste was applied to the bottom of the reception area, covered with moist acid moss, and placed in a plastic bag and stored in a 0 ~ 4 ℃ storage. As a result of grafting by period from February, the grafting slidability rate was 65.0 ~ 87.5%, and the average slid rate was 81.0% in February, 81.5% in March, 74.2% in April, and 78.9% in average. Appeared high.

In order to increase the graft rate, the graft rate for the total 360 cases was 120 per repetition. After 5 days and 10 days of germination of large-sized seeds, 80.0% of the grafts were found to be the same.

The grafting time was high when the seedlings were transplanted between 5 to 10 days after seed germination, and the graft sliding rate was higher in February and March. It was confirmed that it was possible. (See FIG. 6)

<Table 5> Sliding Rate by Grafting Time for New Breeding

Time          Half recovery minutes I Ⅱ Ⅲ Total (average) February Number of grafting copies (volume) Sliding rate (%) 20085.7 20081.5 20074.0 60081.0 In March Number of grafting copies (volume) Sliding rate (%) 20079.5 20077.5 20087.5 60081.5 April Number of grafting copies (volume) Sliding rate (%) 20065.0 20082.5 20075.0 60074.2

<Table 6> Graft Sliding Rate by Season after Germination of Large-Scale Seeds for New Breeding

Graft date 5 days later 10 days later 15 days later    Number of Grafts (Bone) Sliding Rate (%) 36080.0 36080.0 36068.9

<Example 3> Sliding rate by treatment after grafting for mass growth

In order to clarify the method of mass propagation, the top part of the reception was treated with pedicle grafting, and the top part was treated with plastic bag, treated with plastic bag only, treated with only bag paste, and treated with only sawn paste. The results of the test for the slid rate are shown in Table 7.

The average slid rate of the treatment showed the highest slidability of 86.7% of the top-paste treated and plastic bags, and 8.3% of the non-treated group. The treatment rate of the untreated area showed a similar to the highest peak rate in the existing land grafting. In addition, 61.1% of the treatment groups covered only with plastic bags and 33.3% of the treatment groups treated with only the top paste showed statistically 1% significance between the four treatment treatments.

The graft sliding rate for each tree length was 87.5% at 2cm and 88.9% at 4cm, and 78.9% at 4cm. In addition, the longer the length of the tree, the thinner the diameter of the diameter, so it was found that the sliding rate is lower.

Therefore, the treatment rate of sawcin paste was treated with a plastic bag and covered with a plastic bag, and grafting at a height of 2 cm in the length of each tree was able to obtain a high grafting rate.

<Table 7> Sliding rate by treatment after grafting for new breed mass breeding

process Slurry rate (%) Average I Ⅱ Ⅲ  Topsinpaste + Plastic Bag Cover Toponpaste Comparison 93.376.730.89.2 90.076.738.36.7 76.730.030.89.2 86.761.133.38.3

<Table 8> Sliding Rate by Tree Length for Mass Breeding of New Varieties

                 Repeat length I Ⅱ Ⅲ Total (average) 2 cm Number of grafting copies (volume) Sliding rate (%) 36085.0 36085.3 36092.2 1,080 (87.5) 4 cm Number of grafting copies (volume) Sliding rate (%) 36066.1 36083.1 36087.5 1,080 (78.9)

According to Figure 7, it can be seen that the cultivated by the pedicle graft according to the present invention is stably grown by transplanting into the forge.

The mutant hawthorn tree according to the present invention can be cultivated nationwide because of its opposition and strong cold resistance, and can be stably mass-produced because it is inherited with the same genetic traits as the parameters. Hodo harvested from the walnut tree is a high quality, rich in nutritious and unsaturated fats and proteins can contribute to the income increase of walnut growers.

1 is a photograph of the fruit appearance of the parameter lake used in the present invention.

Figure 2 is a photograph of the fruit appearance of pollen water Sangchon 4 used in the present invention.

Figure 3 is a photograph of the fruit appearance of the variant Hodo trees according to the present invention.

Figure 4 is a photograph of pedicle large tree for the growth of mutant hoedo according to the present invention.

Figure 5 is a photograph showing the appearance of grafting using a modified hawthorn tree according to the present invention and the pedicle tree.

Figure 6 is a photograph of the plentiful seedlings grown by pedicle grafting according to the present invention.

Figure 7 is a photograph of the breed grown in the pedicle graft according to the present invention is transplanted to the forge.

Claims (6)

 It is obtained by artificial breeding of rake varieties and Sangchon No. 4 varieties. It is opposing, cold resistance is strong and high probability, and reception is taken before sap transfer and stored at low temperature of 0 ~ 4 ℃ for 5-10 days after germination of large seed. It is a variegated auspicious tree that is bred by cultivating by cultivating a pedicle tree in between. The fruit according to claim 1, wherein the fruit has a diameter of 55.0 to 56.0 mm, a diameter of 45.5 to 46.5 mm, a fruit weight of 34.0 to 35.0 g, a phosphorus weight of 13.0 to 14.0 g, a weight ratio of 39.5 to 40.5%, and a skin thickness of 1.5 to 1.7 mm. Variant According to claim 1, the flowering characteristics of the varieties of walnut wood delete In the method of breeding walnut tree, the sap is collected from the cultivars of the cultivars obtained by artificial breeding of the rake varieties and the Sangchon No. 4 varieties before sap transfer, and stored at a low temperature of 0-4 ° C. Breeding method of mutant hawthorn tree characterized by asexual propagation by grafting to pedicle tree in 10 days 6. The breeding method according to claim 5, wherein after the pedicle grafting, the top portion of the top is treated with tosin paste and covered with a plastic bag.