KR100458965B1 - Manufacture of bovine and porcine plasma protein powders irradiated by low dose gamma-ray - Google Patents

Manufacture of bovine and porcine plasma protein powders irradiated by low dose gamma-ray Download PDF

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KR100458965B1
KR100458965B1 KR10-2002-0011577A KR20020011577A KR100458965B1 KR 100458965 B1 KR100458965 B1 KR 100458965B1 KR 20020011577 A KR20020011577 A KR 20020011577A KR 100458965 B1 KR100458965 B1 KR 100458965B1
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blood
bovine
gamma
kgy
powder
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KR20030072044A (en
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송경빈
원미선
이승환
이승현
선남규
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충남대학교산학협력단
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/40Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by drying or kilning; Subsequent reconstitution

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)

Abstract

본 발명은 소, 돼지 도축혈액으로부터 분리된 혈장단백질을 건조하여 분말로 만든 혈분에 1 kGy에서 10 kGy 이하 저선량의 감마선조사를 처리함으로써 미생물에 의한 오염을 차단하고 생물학적 위해인자를 제거하여 식품 원료 또는 식품 첨가물 소재로서의 안전성을 확보하면서 분자량분포, 용해도, 점도 등 혈장단백질의 이화학적 성질에는 변함이 없게 하는 공정 개발에 관한 것이다.The present invention is to dry the plasma protein isolated from bovine and porcine slaughtered blood to treat the powdered blood powder with low dose gamma irradiation from 1 kGy to less than 10 kGy to block contamination by microorganisms and to remove biological risk factors, The present invention relates to a process development that ensures the safety as a food additive material and does not change the physicochemical properties of plasma proteins such as molecular weight distribution, solubility, and viscosity.

Description

저선량 감마선조사 처리를 이용한 소, 돼지 혈분의 제조방법{Manufacture of bovine and porcine plasma protein powders irradiated by low dose gamma-ray}Manufacture of bovine and porcine plasma protein powders irradiated by low dose gamma-ray}

국내 도축장에서 발생되는 소, 돼지 도축혈액은 현재 선지, 순대 등 일부만이 이용되고 대부분이 폐기되고 있다. 외국의 경우 도축혈액을 소세지 등 육가공 산업에 있어 첨가물로 사용하고 있으며 또한 혈장단백질을 건조하여 식품원료, 동물사료,비료 등에 이용하고 있다. 그러나 아직까지 혈장 단백질의 영양적 가치와 관련하여 고부가가치 창출은 이루어지지 않고 있기에 혈장단백질의 가수분해물 등을 이용한 소재 개발 등이 필요한 바 본 발명은 그러한 제품 개발에 있어 선행 공정으로서 그 의의가 있다. 따라서 본 발명의 목적은 소, 돼지 도축혈액으로부터 분리된 혈장단백질을 건조하여 분말로 만든 혈분의 미생물에 의한 오염을 차단하여 식품의 안전성에 있어 생물학적 위해인자를 제거함으로써 식품 원료 또는 식품 첨가물 소재로서의 안전성을 확보하면서 혈장단백질의 이화학적 성질에는 변함이 없게 하는 공정을 개발하는데 그 주요 목적이 있다. 광우병, 구제역 등은 축산물의 소비를 위축시키는 등 그 어느 때보다도 식품의 안전성이 확보되어야하는 시점에 있다. 특히 축산물 중 소, 돼지의 도축에 의한 육류의 유통은 도축장에서의 식육 가공 처리가 위해요소 집중관리 (HACCP) 조건을 충족함과 더불어 식품의 저장 유통 기간의 증대라는 측면에서도 보다 위생적으로 처리되어야 한다. 현재의 도축장 시설은 도축장에서 발생하는 도축혈액의 처리에 있어 비위생적이고 미온적인 처리로 인하여 무단 방류에 따른 수질오염 등의 문제가 발생하고 있으며, 예로부터 도축 혈액을 식용으로 이용해 온 측면에서도 보다 위생적이고 체계적으로 도축혈액을 처리하여야 할 필요성이 제기된다. 특히 혈액에는 알부민 등 매우 양질의 단백질이 다량 포함되어 있기에 이를 건조하여 혈분을 제조한 후 그것의 적절한 이용은 매우 바람직하다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 도축혈액으로부터 제조한 혈분의 경우 현재 미생물에 의한 오염 등 비위생적인 처리 및 작업환경으로 인하여 식품 원료로서의 안전성이 문제되고 있다. 또한 이러한 미생물에 의한 오염을 막기 위한 다른 열처리 등의 공정은단백질의 변성 등에 의하여 용해도 및 이화학적 성질에 영향을 끼쳐 문제가 된다. 따라서 본 발명에서는 도축 혈액의 위생적인 전처리로서, 최근 각광받고 있는 식품의 안전성 및 저장 유통 기간 연장을 위하여 사용되는 감마선조사 처리 방법을 도입한다. 감마선 조사는 비가열처리공정 (non-thermal processing)중의 하나로서 종전의 열처리 공정과 비교해서 비파괴 공정으로서의 여러가지 장점을 갖는다. 감마선 조사에 의한 식품 가공 저장 기술은 농산물의 발아 억제, 해충 구제, 숙성 조절, 저장유통기간 연장, 유해 미생물 살균, 물성 개선 등에 응용되고 있는데 현재 40여 개국에서 200여 품목들에 감마선 조사가 허용되고 있으며 28개국에서 상업화되어 있다. 특히 일본과 프랑스에서 과일, 생선류에 이용되고 있으며 미국, 독일, 스페인 등에서 육가공 제품에 응용되고 있다. 본 발명에 있어서 혈분에 대한 10 kGy 이하 저선량의 감마선처리는 FDA, WHO에서 그 안전성이 허용된 선량 범위로서 미생물 사멸 외에 다른 변화를 가져다 주지 않는다. 그래서 본 발명에서는 식품 원료로서의 잠재 가치가 높은 혈장단백질을 적정 선량의 감마선조사를 통하여 생물학적 위해인자를 제거하여 위생적인 처리를 하는 공정 개발에 그 기술적 특성이 있다.Cattle and pig slaughter blood from domestic slaughterhouses are currently only partially used, including seonji and sundae, and most of them are discarded. In foreign countries, slaughtered blood is used as an additive in the meat processing industry, such as sausages, and plasma proteins are dried and used for food ingredients, animal feed, and fertilizers. However, since high value-added creation has not yet been made in relation to the nutritional value of plasma proteins, it is necessary to develop materials using hydrolysates of plasma proteins, etc. The present invention is meaningful as a preceding process in developing such products. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to remove the biological hazards in food safety by drying the plasma proteins isolated from bovine and porcine slaughtered blood to remove powdered microorganisms, thereby making them safe as food ingredients or food additives. Its main purpose is to develop a process that ensures that the physicochemical properties of plasma proteins remain unchanged. Mad cow disease and foot-and-mouth disease are at a time when food safety should be secured more than ever, such as shrinking consumption of livestock products. In particular, the distribution of meat by slaughter of cattle and pigs should be handled more hygienically in terms of increasing the shelf life of food and meeting the Hazard Analysis (HACCP) requirements for processing meat at slaughterhouses. . Current slaughterhouse facilities suffer from problems such as water pollution due to unauthorized discharge due to unsanitary and lukewarm treatment of slaughter blood generated in slaughterhouses. There is a need to systematically treat slaughter blood. Particularly, since blood contains a large amount of very high quality proteins such as albumin, it may be considered that it is very desirable to use it after preparing blood powder by drying it. However, in the case of blood powder prepared from slaughter blood, safety as a food raw material has been a problem due to unsanitary treatment and working environment such as contamination by microorganisms. In addition, processes such as other heat treatments to prevent contamination by such microorganisms cause problems by affecting solubility and physicochemical properties due to protein denaturation. Therefore, the present invention introduces a gamma-irradiation treatment method used for hygienic pretreatment of slaughtered blood, which is used to extend the safety and shelf life of food, which has recently been in the spotlight. Gamma irradiation is one of the non-thermal processing processes and has several advantages as a non-destructive process compared to the conventional heat treatment process. Food processing and storage technology by gamma irradiation is applied to suppress germination, control pests, control ripening, extend shelf life, sterilize harmful microorganisms and improve physical properties. Currently, over 200 items in 40 countries are allowed to gamma irradiation. It is commercialized in 28 countries. Especially, it is used for fruits and fish in Japan and France, and it is applied to meat products in USA, Germany and Spain. In the present invention, low dose gamma-ray treatment of blood powder of 10 kGy or less does not change other than the killing of microorganisms as a range of doses to which safety is permitted in FDA and WHO. Therefore, the present invention has a technical characteristic in the development of a process for sanitary treatment of plasma proteins having high potential value as food ingredients by removing the biological risk factors through gamma irradiation of appropriate dose.

도축혈액으로부터 혈분의 제조는 지금까지 주로 열풍건조를 통한 것으로서 건조된 혈분의 저장 유통에 있어 미생물 및 포자 등에 의한 생물학적 위해요소가 크게 문제되어 왔다. 따라서 본 발명의 목적은 소, 돼지 도축혈액의 혈장단백질을 위생적으로 처리하여 식품 첨가물 소재 등으로 개발하기 위하여 도축혈액의 혈장단백질을 건조한 후 적정량의 감마선 조사를 처리하여 단백질의 이화학적 성질 및 물성을 변화시키지 않으면서 미생물 오염 등 생물학적 위해인자를 제거하여 식품 안전성이 확보된 혈분을 제조하는 데 있다.The production of blood powder from the slaughtered blood is mainly through hot air drying, and biological hazards due to microorganisms and spores have been a major problem in storage distribution of dried blood powder. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to dry the plasma protein of the slaughtered blood to treat it as a food additive material by sanitizing the plasma protein of bovine and porcine slaughtered blood, and then to treat the appropriate amount of gamma-irradiation for the physicochemical properties and physical properties of the protein. It is to prepare blood powder that has food safety by removing biological hazards such as microbial contamination without changing.

제1도는 감마선 조사 선량별 소 혈분의 폴리아크릴아마이드겔 전기영동 사진이다. 이들 사진에서 표기된 숫자는 다음을 나타낸다1 is a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of bovine blood powder by gamma irradiation dose. The numbers on these pictures indicate the following:

1:분자량 마커1: molecular weight marker

2: 감마선조사하지 않은 혈분2: blood without gamma irradiation

3: 1 kGy에서 조사한 혈분3: blood powder irradiated at 1 kGy

4: 5 kGy에서 조사한 혈분4: blood flow at 5 kGy

5: 7 kGy에서 조사한 혈분5: blood flow at 7 kGy

6: 10 kGy에서 조사한 혈분6: blood powder at 10 kGy

제2도는 감마선 조사 선량별 돼지 혈분의 폴리아크릴아마이드겔 전기영동 사진이다. 이들 사진에서 표기된 숫자는 다음을 나타낸다FIG. 2 is a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis photograph of porcine blood by gamma-irradiation dose. The numbers on these pictures indicate the following:

1:분자량 마커1: molecular weight marker

2: 감마선조사하지 않은 혈분2: blood without gamma irradiation

3: 1 kGy에서 조사한 혈분3: blood powder irradiated at 1 kGy

4: 5 kGy에서 조사한 혈분4: blood flow at 5 kGy

5: 7 kGy에서 조사한 혈분5: blood flow at 7 kGy

6: 10 kGy에서 조사한 혈분 제2도는 감마선 조사 선량별 소, 돼지 혈분의 용해도를 단백질 농도로 표시한 것이다.Fig. 6 shows blood solubility of bovine and porcine blood by protein concentration.

제3도는 감마선 조사 선량별 소 혈분의 용해도를 나타낸 것이다.3 shows the solubility of bovine blood powder by gamma-irradiation dose.

제4도는 감마선 조사 선량별 돼지 혈분의 용해도를 나타낸 것이다.Figure 4 shows the solubility of pig blood by gamma-irradiation dose.

제5도는 감마선 조사 선량별 소 혈분의 점도를 나타낸 것이다.5 shows the viscosity of bovine blood powder by gamma-irradiation dose.

제6도는 감마선 조사 선량별 돼지 혈분의 점도를 나타낸 것이다.Figure 6 shows the viscosity of pig blood by gamma-irradiation dose.

본 발명은 도축장에서 도축혈액의 수거, 혈장의 분리, 혈장단백질의 침전, 혈장단백질의 건조, 혈분 제조, 건조된 혈분의 감마선 조사, 감마선조사 처리하여 제조한 혈분의 미생물 오염 정도, 분자량 분포, 용해도, 점도 등을 분석하여 안전성이 보장된 혈분 제조를 위한 최적 감마선 조사 처리 공정을 개발하는 것으로 이루어져 있다.The present invention provides a microbial contamination, molecular weight distribution, and solubility of blood powder prepared by the collection of slaughtered blood, separation of plasma, precipitation of plasma protein, drying of plasma protein, preparation of blood powder, gamma irradiation of dried blood powder, and gamma irradiation. By analyzing the viscosity, viscosity and the like, the optimal gamma-irradiation treatment process for the production of blood powder with safety is guaranteed.

본 발명을 실시예를 통해서 설명하고자 한다.The present invention will be described through examples.

실시예 1Example 1

소, 돼지 도축혈액은 도축 후 즉시 위생적으로 수거된 후 연속식 원심분리기로 혈장만을 분리한 후 2%-10% 트리클로로아세트산, 0.6N-3N 염산, 50%-70% 황산암모늄 등으로 혈장단백질을 침전시킨다. 원심분리 후 침전된 혈장단백질은 열풍건조, 분무건조 또는 동결건조하여 도축혈액 혈장단백질 파우더 (혈분)를 제조한다. 분말 상태의 혈분은 폴리에틸렌포장지로 포장한 후 60Co를 이용하여 감마선 조사를 1 kGy에서 10 kGy 범위에서 조사한다. 감마선 조사시킨 혈분은 조사하지 않은 대조구와 더불어 멸균수에 연속적으로 희석한 후 LB 플레이트에 스프레딩한 후 37℃에서 48시간 배양 후 총균수를 측정하였는데, 감마선 조사된 혈분의 미생물 오염과 관련되어서는 표 1에서 보는 바와 같이 감마선 조사 1 kGy 이상에서 미생물이 완전히 사멸된 것으로 나타났기에, 본 발명에서 목적한 바 생물학적 위해인자를 제거하여 식품원료로서의 안전성을 확보하였다. 또한 조사된 혈분의 분자량 분포는 램리 (Laemmli, U.K. (1970) Nature 227, 680-685)의 방법에 따라 폴리아크릴아마이드젤 전기영동을 실시한 결과 (도 1), 감마선 조사 선량별 따른 혈장단백질의 분자량 분포에 있어 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 혈분의 용해도는 실온에서 소, 돼지 혈분을 각각 인산완충용액 (sodium phosphate buffer, 10mM, pH7.0)에 포화 상태가 될 때까지 과량 첨가하면서 24시간 교반 (homogenization) 시킨 후 10,000 rpm에서 15분간 원심분리하여 상등액으로부터 단백질 농도를 측정하였는데 (도 2) 조사 선량별 차이가 없었다. 혈분의 점도는 소, 돼지 혈분을 각각 인산완충용액 (sodium phosphate buffer, 10mM, pH7.0)에 녹여서 부룩휠드 점도계(Brookfield viscometer, Model DV-1)를 이용하여 측정하였는데 감마선 조사 선량별 차이가 없었다 (도 3). 따라서 감마선 조사가 혈장단백질의 이화학적 성질 및 물성에는 영향을 끼치지 않았다.Bovine and porcine slaughtered blood was collected hygienically immediately after slaughter, and then plasma was separated using a continuous centrifuge, followed by plasma protein with 2% -10% trichloroacetic acid, 0.6N-3N hydrochloric acid and 50% -70% ammonium sulfate. Precipitate. Plasma proteins precipitated after centrifugation are hot air dried, spray dried or lyophilized to prepare slaughtered blood plasma protein powder (blood powder). The powdered blood powder is packaged in polyethylene wrapping paper and irradiated with gamma irradiation in the range of 1 kGy to 10 kGy using 60Co. Gamma-irradiated blood powder was serially diluted in sterile water with uncontrolled controls, spread on LB plates, and then cultured for 48 hours at 37 ° C. Total bacterial counts were determined in relation to gamma-irradiated blood powder. As shown in Table 1, since the microorganisms were completely killed at least 1 kGy of gamma-irradiation, the biohazard was removed in order to secure safety as a food material. In addition, the molecular weight distribution of the irradiated blood powder was measured by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis according to the method of Laemmli, UK (1970) Nature 227, 680-685 (Fig. 1). There was no difference in distribution. The solubility of blood powder was stirred for 24 hours with excessive addition of bovine and porcine blood powder to sodium phosphate buffer (10mM, pH7.0) at room temperature for 24 hours, followed by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 15 minutes. Protein concentration was measured from the supernatant separated (Fig. 2) there was no difference in irradiation dose. Blood viscosity was measured by using a Brookfield viscometer (Brookfield viscometer, Model DV-1) by dissolving bovine and porcine blood in sodium phosphate buffer (10 mM, pH 7.0), respectively. (FIG. 3). Therefore, gamma irradiation did not affect the physicochemical and physical properties of plasma proteins.

소 혈분Bovine blood 돼지 혈분Pig blood 대조구(무처리)Control (no treatment) 1240 cfu/ml1240 cfu / ml 460 cfu/ml460 cfu / ml 감마선조사(1 kGy)Gamma irradiation (1 kGy) 00 00

본 발명의 효과는 소, 돼지 도축 혈액의 효율적이고 위생적인 처리 공정 제시로서혈장단백질 건조 후 혈분의 품질을 유지하면서 저장기간을 연장시키고 혈분의 이화학적 성질 및 물성을 변화시키지 않으면서 유해 미생물의 사멸을 통한 혈분의 생물학적 위해인자를 제거함에 있다.The effect of the present invention is to present an efficient and hygienic treatment process for bovine and swine slaughtered blood, while maintaining the quality of blood powder after drying the plasma protein, prolonging the storage period and killing harmful microorganisms without changing the physicochemical properties and physical properties of the blood powder. To eliminate the biological hazards of blood through

Claims (2)

1) 소, 돼지의 도축혈액을 이용하여 원심분리기로 혈장을 분리하는 단계;1) separating the plasma using a centrifuge using the slaughtered blood of cattle and pigs; 2) 혈장단백질을 침전시키는 단계;2) precipitating plasma proteins; 3) 열풍, 분무, 동결 건조 방법에서 선택되는 어느 하나의 방법을 이용하여 건조하여 혈장 단백질 파우더(혈분)을 제조하는 단계;3) preparing plasma protein powder (blood powder) by drying using any one method selected from hot air, spray, and freeze drying methods; 4) 혈분을 폴리에틸렌 포장지로 포장을 한 후60Co를 이용하여 감마선을 조사하는 단계;4) irradiating gamma rays using 60 Co after packing the blood powder with polyethylene wrapping paper; 를 가지는 위생적인 혈분을 제조하는 방법.Method of producing a hygienic blood powder having a. 제1항에 있어서, 감마선 조사 선량은 1kGy 내지 10kGy 범위에서 처리하는 혈분의 제조방법The method of claim 1, wherein the gamma-irradiation dose is in the range of 1 kGy to 10 kGy.
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KR870006855A (en) * 1986-01-23 1987-08-13 백영수 Long-term stability of chicken
KR880000012A (en) * 1986-06-04 1988-03-23 원본미기재 How to use vapor release means to improve the performance of insecticide baits on wheels
KR20010080833A (en) * 2000-01-17 2001-08-25 장인순 Manufacture of low-salt or general soybean fermentation food with shelf stability
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KR870006855A (en) * 1986-01-23 1987-08-13 백영수 Long-term stability of chicken
KR880000012A (en) * 1986-06-04 1988-03-23 원본미기재 How to use vapor release means to improve the performance of insecticide baits on wheels
KR20010080833A (en) * 2000-01-17 2001-08-25 장인순 Manufacture of low-salt or general soybean fermentation food with shelf stability
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101320077B1 (en) 2012-02-01 2013-11-21 문경화 Manufacturing method of water soluble amino acid extracts using pig blood meal

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