KR100423568B1 - Desalting method for garbage - Google Patents
Desalting method for garbage Download PDFInfo
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- KR100423568B1 KR100423568B1 KR10-2001-0040183A KR20010040183A KR100423568B1 KR 100423568 B1 KR100423568 B1 KR 100423568B1 KR 20010040183 A KR20010040183 A KR 20010040183A KR 100423568 B1 KR100423568 B1 KR 100423568B1
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- desalination
- food waste
- salt
- diaphragm
- electrode plate
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 food waste Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940005991 chloric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009089 cytolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019419 proteases Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035922 thirst Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/02—Apparatus for the manufacture
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
본 발명은 음식물쓰레기와 같은 염분을 함유한 유기성 폐기물을 퇴비화, 사료화, 혐기성발효에 의해 발생되는 메탄가스의 에너지화 등으로 자원화 경우 염분을 양극실과 음극실로 분리하지 않고 음식물쓰레기 부분은 격막으로 분리한 상태에서 직류전류를 인가하여 경제적이면서 효율적으로 탈염처리를 하는 방법이다.According to the present invention, when the organic waste containing salt such as food waste is composted, feed, and methane gas generated by anaerobic fermentation, the salt is separated into the anode chamber and the cathode chamber, and the food waste portion is separated into a diaphragm. It is a method to desalination treatment economically and efficiently by applying DC current in the state.
특이한 사항은 재래적인 전기분해에 의한 탈염방법에 비해서 장치가 간편하면서 전력소모량이 1/10 이하로 감소하기 때문에 경제성이 우수하며, 탈염효율도 우수하면서 양극에서 Cl2, ClO2등의 악취성 가스가 발생하지 않음으로서 2차 공해가 없다.What is special is that it is economical because the device is simpler and the power consumption is reduced to less than 1/10 compared to the desalination method by conventional electrolysis, and the desalination efficiency is excellent and the odorous gas such as Cl 2 , ClO 2 at the anode There is no secondary pollution because no occurs.
Description
본 발명은 음식물쓰레기와 같은 염분(NaCl)을 함유하고 있는 유기성 폐기물을 퇴비화나 사료화로 자원화 경우 제일의 문제점으로 야기되는 염분을 전기분해에 의한 방법인 종래의 기술에서 전력비 및 시설비를 절감하면서 악취발생이 없는 탈염방법을 전기투석(Electrodialysis)에서 처럼 전기적인 인력에 의해서 염분을 추출하여 탈염처리를 하는 방법에 관한 것이다.According to the present invention, odor is generated while reducing power and facility costs in the prior art, which is a method by electrolysis of salt caused by composting or feeding into organic waste containing salt (NaCl) such as food waste. The desalting method without the present invention relates to a method of desalination by extracting salinity by electric attraction as in electrodialysis.
음식물쓰레기를 자원화 하는 방법으로 퇴비화, 사료화, 혐기성발효에 의해 발생하는 메탄가스(Methane Gas)의 에너지화 등을 하고 있으나, 퇴비로 자원화 하는 경우에는 염분(NaCl)의 농도가 높기 때문에 삼투압 현상으로 인한 식물의 성장 장애와 Na가 토양중의 Ca, Mg와 치환되어 토양의 입단구조가 파괴되면서 단립구조로 되어 통기성 및 배수성의 불량으로 인하여 산소 공급이 어렵게 되면서 농작물의 성장에 장애를 주기 때문에 염분을 제거하지 않은 상태의 음식물쓰레기는 그대로 퇴비화는 불가능하다.Methane gas generated from composting, feed, and anaerobic fermentation is used as a resource to recycle food waste.However, when composting, the concentration of salinity (NaCl) is high. Plant growth disturbances and Na are replaced with Ca and Mg in the soil, destroying the grain structure of the soil and becoming a monolithic structure, which makes it difficult to supply oxygen due to poor breathability and drainage. Food waste without it is not compostable.
또한, 가축에 사료화의 경우에도 음식물쓰레기 중에는 염분농도(2∼6%)가 사료중 염분의 적정치(0.3∼0.5%) 보다 월등히 높아 급여가축의 염독현상이 야기될 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 갈증으로 인하여 수분 섭취량이 많게 되어 소화흡수 효율의 저하로 성장속도가 둔화되면서 뇨배설량이 많아 폐수 발생량이 증가되는 문제점이 있기 때문에 염분의 농도를 0.3∼0.5% 까지 제거한 다음 사료로 사용해야 한다.In addition, even in the case of feed for livestock, the salinity (2-6%) in food waste is much higher than the optimum value (0.3-0.5%) of salinity in feed, which may cause salinity of feeding livestock, and due to thirst Since the intake of water is increased, the growth rate is slowed down by the decrease in digestive absorption efficiency, and the amount of urine excretion is increased. Therefore, the salt concentration must be removed to 0.3 to 0.5% and then used as feed.
혐기성발효에 의한 메탄가스의 에너지화의 경우도 내염성이 약한 혐기성미생물의 생육에 지장을 주기 때문에 메탄가스 발생효율이 저하된다. 따라서, 이 역시염분농도를 최대한 제거해야 한다.In the case of energyification of methane gas by anaerobic fermentation, methane gas generation efficiency is lowered because it impedes growth of anaerobic microorganisms with low flame resistance. Therefore, this should also remove the salt concentration as much as possible.
음식물쓰레기의 탈염장치로 대한민국 특허등록번호 10-0284282는 음식물쓰레기 중에 함유되어 있는 염분을 다음과 같은 전기분해반응에 의해서 제거하고 있다.전술한 전기분해반응에 의해서 음식물쓰레기로부터 염분을 제거하였을 때는 염분의 제거율은 우수하였으나 다음과 같은 문제점이 있어 이를 개선할 필요가 있다.As a desalination device of food waste, Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0284282 removes the salts contained in food waste by the following electrolysis reaction. When the salinity was removed from the food waste by the above-mentioned electrolysis reaction, the salinity removal rate was excellent, but the following problems have to be solved.
첫째, 양극실과 음극실을 음이온 교환격막과 양이온 교환격막으로 분리된 상태에서 직류전류를 인가하였을 때 양극실에서는 음식물쓰레기 중 Cl-이온이 음이온 교환격막을 통과하여 HClOx와 같은 전해산화수가 생성되며, 음극실에서는 음식물쓰레기 중 Na+이온이 양이온 교환격막을 통과하면서 물(H2O)과 반응하여 NaOH와 수소(H2)가 발생한다.First, when DC current is applied while the anode chamber and the cathode chamber are separated into the anion exchange membrane and the cation exchange diaphragm, in the anode chamber, Cl - ions of food waste pass through the anion exchange membrane to generate electrolytic oxidation water such as HClOx. In the cathode chamber, Na + ions in the food waste react with water (H 2 O) while passing through the cation exchange membrane to generate NaOH and hydrogen (H 2 ).
다시 말해서 음식물쓰레기 중 NaCl을 양극실과 음극실로 음이온 교한격막과 양이온 교환격막으로 분리된 상태에서 직류전기를 인가하여 NaCl을 HClOx, HCl과 NaOH, H2O 등으로 전기분해되면서 탈염이 된다.In other words, NaCl in food waste is desalted by electrolysis of NaCl into HClOx, HCl and NaOH, H 2 O, etc. by applying a direct current electric current in a state where NaCl is separated into an anion bridge and a cation exchange diaphragm.
음식물쓰레기 중 NaCl 1kg-mole을 상기에서와 같이 전기분해에 의해서 제거할 때 필요한 전류는 1파라데이(Faraday ; 26.8KAh/kg-eq)의 전류를 인가해야 한다.The current required to remove NaCl 1kg-mole in food waste by electrolysis as above should be applied with a current of 1 Faraday (26.8KAh / kg-eq).
구체적으로 말해서 NaCl 1키로그람물(kg-mol)인 58.5kg을 전기분해에 의해서 제거하는데 전류는 26,800암페어(Ampere) 의 전류를 인가해야 하며, 인가전압은 반응식④의 이론분해전압 2.246V과 양극과전압, 음극과전압, 용액의 오움(Ohm)저항, 도체의 오움저항 등을 고려하면 5∼10V의 전압을 인가해야 하므로 전력소모량이 크다.Specifically, 58.5 kg of NaCl 1-kilogram (kg-mol) is removed by electrolysis. The current must be applied at a current of 26,800 amperes, and the applied voltage is 2.246 V of the theoretical decomposition voltage in the equation ④ and the anode. Considering overvoltage, cathode overvoltage, Ohm resistance of solution, Ohm resistance of conductor, etc., voltage of 5 ~ 10V should be applied, so power consumption is large.
전술한 바와 같이 전기분해에 의한 탈염방법은 전력소모량이 많은 단점이 있다.As described above, the desalination method by electrolysis has a disadvantage in that a large amount of power is consumed.
둘째, 높은 전류를 인가하기 위해서는 전극판의 면적, 이온 교환막의 면적, 정류기의 용량, 기타 장치 용량이 커지기 때문에 시설비도 높다.Second, in order to apply a high current, the facility cost is high because the area of the electrode plate, the area of the ion exchange membrane, the capacity of the rectifier, and other device capacity are increased.
셋째, 탈염효율을 향상하기 위해서 인가전압을 높일 때에는 양극실에서 반응식⑥, ⑦의 부반응이 일어나면서 Cl2, ClO2등의 가스가 발생하여 악취가 발생된다.Third, when the applied voltage is increased to improve the desalination efficiency, side reactions of reaction formulas ⑥ and ⑦ occur in the anode chamber, and gases such as Cl 2 and ClO 2 are generated, resulting in odor.
본 발명은 상술한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 해수의 담수화 및 제염에 이용하는 전기투석(Electrodialysis)의 원리를 응용하여 전기분해방법에서 처럼 양극과 음극 사이를 격리하여 NaCl을 분해하여 탈염을 하지 않고, 양극과 음극을 동일조내에 설치하여 음식물쓰레기 중에 함유되어 있는 NaCl을 성분의 변화가 없이 전기적인 인력에 의해서 추출분리를 하여 탈염을 하므로서 전력비 및 시설비를 저렴하게 하면서 Cl2, ClO2등의 악취성 가스 발생을 억제하여 2차 공해문제 등을 해결하는데 목적이 있으며, 구체적인 내용은 "발명의 구성"에서 설명한다.The present invention is applied to the principle of electrodialysis used for the desalination and decontamination of seawater to solve the above problems, as in the electrolysis method to isolate between the anode and the cathode to decompose NaCl without desalting, The negative electrode is installed in the same tank, and NaCl contained in food waste is extracted and separated by electric attraction without changing the composition, and desalination is generated, resulting in odorous gases such as Cl 2 and ClO 2 while reducing power and facility costs. It aims to solve the secondary pollution problem, etc. by suppressing the, and the details are described in the "constitution of the invention".
음식물쓰레기와 같이 염분의 함량이 높은 유기성 폐기물은 염분을 제거하지 않고서는 퇴비화, 사료화, 혐기성발효에 의한 메탄 가스의 에너지화 등으로 자원화를 하는데는 어려움이 있기 때문에 염분을 경제적이면서 효율적으로 제거하고자 한다.Organic wastes with a high salt content, such as food waste, are difficult to be resourceized by composting, forageing, and energizing methane gas by anaerobic fermentation without removing salts. .
도 1은 소용량의 음식물쓰레기 탈염장치의 정면도1 is a front view of a small amount of food waste desalination apparatus
도 2는 소용량의 음식물쓰레기 탈염장치의 상면도Figure 2 is a top view of a small amount of food waste desalination apparatus
도 3은 소용량의 음식물쓰레기 탈염장치의 단면도3 is a cross-sectional view of a small amount of food waste desalination apparatus
도 4은 대용량의 음식물쓰레기 탈염장치의 정면도4 is a front view of a large amount of food waste desalination apparatus
도 5는 대용량의 음식물쓰레기 탈염장치의 상면도5 is a top view of a large amount of food waste desalination equipment
도 6은 대용량의 음식물쓰레기 탈염장치의 단면도6 is a cross-sectional view of a large amount of food waste desalination apparatus
[도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명][Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings]
1: 탈염장치 몸체 2: 유입 스크루콘베이어(Screw Conveyor)1: desalting body 2: inlet screw conveyor (Screw Conveyor)
3: 배출 스크루콘베이어 4: 정류기3: exhaust screw conveyor 4: rectifier
5: 음극판 6: 양극판5: negative electrode plate 6: positive electrode plate
7: 스크린(screen)또는 다공판 8: 격막7: screen or perforated plate 8: diaphragm
9: 격막 지지망 10: 음극 부스바(Bus - Bar)9: Diaphragm Support Network 10: Cathode Bus Bar
11: 양극 부스바 12: 믹서암(Mixer - Arms)11: Anode busbar 12: Mixer-Arms
13: 탈염조 14: 절연체13: desalination tank 14: insulator
상기의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 도면을 중심으로 설명하면 다음과 같다.In order to achieve the above object, the following description will be given based on the drawings.
음식물쓰레기와 같은 염분의 농도가 높은 유기성폐기물을 퇴비화, 사료화, 혐기성발효에 의해서 발생되는 메탄가스의 에너지화 등으로 자원화를 하기 위해서는 우선 비닐(Vinyl)봉투, 돌, 유리파편, 쇠붙이와 같은 이물질은 분리제거 및 파쇄기에 의해서 파쇄처리와 같은 전처리를 한 다음에 저장조에 투입한다.To recycle organic wastes with high concentrations of salts such as food waste into compost, feed, and methane gas generated by anaerobic fermentation, foreign substances such as vinyl bags, stones, glass fragments, and metals are first used. After pretreatment such as crushing treatment by separation removal and crusher, it is put into the reservoir.
저장조에서는 아밀라아제(Amylase), 리파제(Lipase), 프로테아제(Protease) 등과 같은 분해효소를 생성하는 미생물 균제를 주입하여 악취제거 및 유동성이 좋게 연질화를 한다.In the reservoir, microbial fungi that produce degrading enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and protease are injected to soften odor and remove fluidity.
전처리된 음식물쓰레기는 탈염장치의 유입 스크루콘베이어(2)로 일정량을 공급한다.The pretreated food waste is supplied to the inlet screw conveyor 2 of the desalination unit.
탈염장치 몸체(1)의 내통은 스크린 또는 다공판(7)으로 되어 있으며, 이의 외부에 격막(8)이 설치되고, 격막(8)의 외부에는 격막지지망(9)을 설치한다.The inner cylinder of the desalination device body 1 is formed of a screen or a perforated plate 7, and a diaphragm 8 is installed outside thereof, and a diaphragm support net 9 is provided outside the diaphragm 8.
격막지지망(9)에서 1∼5cm정도 떨어져서 음극관(5)과 양극판(6)을 각각 설치한다.The cathode tube 5 and the positive electrode plate 6 are provided at a distance of 1 to 5 cm from the diaphragm support network 9.
음극판(5)과 양극판(6) 사이에는 고무(Gum), 플라스틱(Plastics), 베이클라이트(Bakelite)등의 절연체(14)를 설치하여 탈염조(13)내에서 물분해 반응 및 염소산(NaClOx)생성반응과 같은 부반응을 최대한 억제되도록 한다.Between the negative electrode plate 5 and the positive electrode plate 6, an insulator 14, such as rubber, plastics, bakelite, or the like, is installed to generate water decomposition and chloric acid (NaClOx) in the desalination tank 13. Try to suppress side reactions as much as possible.
음극판(5)의 재질은 수소발생과전압이 높은 재질을 사용하며, 양극판(6)은 내식성이 우수하면서 산소 및 염소발생과전압이 높은 재질인 티타늄(Titanium)판에 TiO2- RuO2- SnO2을 소부 코팅(Coating)을 한 디에스에이(DSA : Dimensionally Stable Anode) 전극을 사용한다.The negative electrode plate 5 is made of a material having high hydrogen generation overvoltage, and the positive electrode plate 6 has TiO 2 -RuO 2 -SnO 2 on a titanium plate, which has excellent corrosion resistance and high oxygen and chlorine generation overvoltage. Dimensionally Stable Anode (DSA) electrodes coated with baking are used.
처리물량이 적은 경우에는 도1∼도3의 탈염장치에 의해 탈염처리를 하며, 처리물량이 많은 경우에는 도4∼도6에서와 같이 탈염장치 몸체(1)의 원통을 크게 하여 믹서암(12)을 설치한 다단의 탈염장치를 적용한다.When the amount of the processed water is small, the desalination treatment is performed by the desalination apparatus of FIGS. 1 to 3, and when the amount of the processed amount is large, the cylinder of the desalting apparatus body 1 is enlarged as shown in FIGS. Apply a multistage desalination unit installed).
도3과 도6은 탈염조(13)를 보인 개략적인 단면도로 중간부에는 염분(NaCl)이 함유된 음식물쓰레기를 공급하고 믹서암(12)과 스크루콘베이어(2,3)에 의해 교반하면서 직류전류를 인가하면 전기투석(Electrodialysis)의 각 탈염실에서 처럼 음극판(5) 쪽으로는 Na+이온(ion)이 격막을 통과해서 탈염조(13)로 이동되고, 양극판(6) 쪽으로는 Cl-이온이 격막을 통과해서 탈염조(13)로 이동되며, 탈염조(13)에 이동된 Na+이온과 Cl-이온은 원래의 NaCl의 수용액상태로 존재하므로써 본 특허의 원리는 전기적인 인력에 의해서 NaCl을 계(system) 밖으로 추출하여 탈염을 하는 것이며, 대한민국 특허등록번호 10-0284282에서는 염분(NaCl)의 Na+이온은 음극실로 이동되어 NaOH와 H2로 되며, Cl-이온은 양극실로 이동되어 HClO, HCl,Cl2등으로 (전기)분해하여 탈염되는 것이 차이점이다.3 and 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the desalination tank 13, the middle portion of the food waste containing salt (NaCl) is supplied to the middle portion of the direct current while stirring by the mixer arm 12 and the screw conveyor (2, 3) When current is applied, Na + ions move through the diaphragm to the desalination tank 13 toward the cathode plate 5, as in each desalting chamber of electrodialysis, and Cl − ions toward the anode plate 6. Since the Na + ions and Cl - ions transferred to the desalination tank 13 through the diaphragm are present in the aqueous solution of the original NaCl, the principle of the present patent is based on electrical attraction. Desalination by extracting out of the system (System), in the Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 10-0284282 Na + ions of salt (NaCl) is moved to the cathode chamber to NaOH and H 2 , Cl - ions are transferred to the anode chamber to HClO The difference is the desalination by (electro) lysis with, HCl, Cl 2 , and the like.
본 발명의 구체적인 반응 메카니쥼(Mechanism)은 다음과 같다.Specific reaction mechanism of the present invention (Mechanism) is as follows.
NaCl의 가수분해반응Hydrolysis of NaCl
양극측에서 음식물쓰레기에 함유된 Cl-이온이 이온상태로 격막을 통과하여 탈염조(13)로 이동하여 원래의 Cl-이온상태로 존재한다.Cl - ions contained in the food waste at the anode side pass through the diaphragm in an ionic state and move to the desalination tank 13 to exist in the original Cl - ions state.
음극측에서 음식물쓰레기에 함유된 Na+이온도 이온상태로 격막을 통과하여 탈염조(13)로 이동하여 원래의 Na+이온상태로 존재한다.The Na + ions contained in the food waste at the cathode side also pass through the diaphragm in an ionic state and move to the desalination tank 13 to exist in the original Na + ions state.
탈염조(13)내에서 염의 상태도 음식물쓰레기에서와 같이 NaCl은 가수분해되어 Na+과 Cl-이온상태로 존재한다.As in the food waste, NaCl is hydrolyzed and exists in Na + and Cl − ions in the desalination tank 13.
전술한 반응 메카니쥼에서와 같이 음식물쓰레기에 함유된 염(NaCl)을 전기투석의 탈염실에서 처럼 NaCl원래의 상태로 추출제거되기 때문에 전술한 대한민국 특허등록번호 10-0284282에서와 같이 반응식①∼④와 같은 전기분해반응이 일어 나지 않기 때문에 전기분해에 따른 전력소모가 필요 없음으로 전력비가 월등히 적게 소모된다.As in the reaction mechanism described above, since the salt (NaCl) contained in the food waste is extracted and removed in the original state of NaCl as in the desalination chamber of electrodialysis, the reaction equations ① to ④ as described in the above-mentioned Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0284282. Since the electrolysis reaction does not occur such that power consumption is not very much consumed due to the electrolysis.
전력소모량이 적음으로 정류기, 극판 및 기타 부대설비의 규모도 작아지며, 또한 반응식⑥ 및 ⑦의 부반응이 일어나지 않기 때문에 악취발생이 없는 것 등이 본 발명의 특징이다.It is a feature of the present invention that the power consumption is small, the scale of rectifier, pole plate and other auxiliary equipment is also small, and there is no occurrence of odor because no side reaction of reaction equations ⑥ and ⑦ occurs.
그리고 탈염조(13)에서는 염분의 추출효율을 향상하면서 부반응의 억제, 전력 소모량의 절감 등의 효과를 가져오기 위해서 공기를 주입하여 폭기교반을 한다.In the desalination tank 13, aeration is carried out by injecting air in order to increase the extraction efficiency of the salt and to suppress side reactions and reduce the power consumption.
이상에서와 같이 탈염처리된 유기성 폐기물은 배출 스크루콘베이어(3)에 의해 후처리공정으로 이송한다.As described above, the desalted organic waste is transferred to the post-treatment process by the discharge screw conveyor 3.
[실시 예1]Example 1
염분함유량이 2.3wt%인 음식물쓰레기 1Ton/hr을 도1∼도3과 같은 탈염장치에 전압을 20∼100V의 직류전류를 인가하였을 때 전류(Ampere)의 변화와 처리된 음식물쓰레기 중 염분의 농도 및 염분제거율은 표1의 내용과 같다When 1Ton / hr of food waste having a salt content of 2.3wt% is applied to a desalting device as shown in Figs. 1 to 3, a DC current of 20 to 100V is applied to change the ampere and the concentration of salt in the treated food waste. And desalination rates are shown in Table 1.
표1 탈염장치의 시험 성적표Table 1 Test report of desalination unit
(*참고사항: 염분함량이 2.3wt%인 음식물쓰레기 1Ton/hr을 0.5wt%까지 전기 분해에 의한 탈염을 하기 위한 이론 인가전류는 8246A이다.)(* Note: The theoretical applied current is 8246A for desalination by electrolysis of 1Ton / hr of food waste with salt content of 2.3wt% to 0.5wt%.)
음식물쓰레기와 같이 염분이 함유된 유기성 폐기물은 퇴비화, 사료화, 혐기성발효에 의한 메탄가스의 에너지화 등으로 자원화 경우 전술한 내용에서와 같이 염분의 피해로 인하여 어려움이 있다.Organic wastes containing salt, such as food waste, are difficult due to salt damage as described above when composting, feed, methane gas energy by anaerobic fermentation, and the like.
본 발명에서는 음식물쓰레기와 같이 염분의 농도가 높은 유기성폐기물을 경제적이면서 효율적으로 탈염처리를 하므로 양질의 퇴비와 사료를 생산할 수 있는 효과가 있다.In the present invention, since the organic waste having a high concentration of salt, such as food waste, is desalted economically and efficiently, there is an effect of producing high quality compost and feed.
또한 혐기성발효에 의한 메탄가스의 발생의 경우에도 염분의 제거로 인하여 다종다양한 미생물이 활발한 생육을 할 수 있어 메탄가스 발생효율이 향상되면서 처리수의 오염부하도 감소되는 등의 효과를 기대할 수 있다.In addition, in the case of the generation of methane gas by anaerobic fermentation, various kinds of microorganisms can be actively grown due to the removal of salt, so that the methane gas generation efficiency is improved and the pollution load of the treated water can be expected to be reduced.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101106129B1 (en) | 2007-05-27 | 2012-01-20 | 서희동 | A desalter of organicity waste including salt |
| KR101910171B1 (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2018-10-19 | 정유미 | Stirrer terminating by fermentation of organic waste |
| KR20230008387A (en) | 2021-07-07 | 2023-01-16 | 한국건설기술연구원 | Demineralization apparatus of food waste bio-char |
| KR20230095212A (en) | 2021-12-22 | 2023-06-29 | 한국건설기술연구원 | Manufacturing method of bio-oil using food waste |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20050032941A (en) * | 2003-10-02 | 2005-04-08 | 김영준 | Salt in food waste removing device |
| CN117259383B (en) * | 2023-10-30 | 2024-05-17 | 河南理工大学 | Organic solid waste treatment process |
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| EP0604968A2 (en) * | 1992-12-28 | 1994-07-06 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | A method of producing water having a reduced salt content |
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| EP0604968A2 (en) * | 1992-12-28 | 1994-07-06 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | A method of producing water having a reduced salt content |
| KR970057102U (en) * | 1996-04-13 | 1997-11-10 | 문유환 | Dehydrator with desalination of food waste and fish waste |
| KR19990024163A (en) * | 1998-06-10 | 1999-03-25 | 최관영 | Continuous Removal of Ions from Organic Waste Resources Using Electric Fields |
| KR100284282B1 (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2001-04-02 | 여광웅 | Desalting and disinfection device of food waste |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR101106129B1 (en) | 2007-05-27 | 2012-01-20 | 서희동 | A desalter of organicity waste including salt |
| KR101910171B1 (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2018-10-19 | 정유미 | Stirrer terminating by fermentation of organic waste |
| KR20230008387A (en) | 2021-07-07 | 2023-01-16 | 한국건설기술연구원 | Demineralization apparatus of food waste bio-char |
| KR20230095212A (en) | 2021-12-22 | 2023-06-29 | 한국건설기술연구원 | Manufacturing method of bio-oil using food waste |
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| KR20010079298A (en) | 2001-08-22 |
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