KR100373786B1 - Nozzle Head for Fuel Injection - Google Patents

Nozzle Head for Fuel Injection Download PDF

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Publication number
KR100373786B1
KR100373786B1 KR1019930005844A KR930005844A KR100373786B1 KR 100373786 B1 KR100373786 B1 KR 100373786B1 KR 1019930005844 A KR1019930005844 A KR 1019930005844A KR 930005844 A KR930005844 A KR 930005844A KR 100373786 B1 KR100373786 B1 KR 100373786B1
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South Korea
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nozzle head
nozzle
fuel injection
injection
internal combustion
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KR1019930005844A
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Korean (ko)
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KR930023592A (en
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빌프리트페른터
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베르트질레 슈바이츠 악티엔게젤샤프트
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/166—Selection of particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
    • F02F2007/0097—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames for large diesel engines

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

분사노즐(1)의 노즐헤드(2)의 제조에 사용되는 재료는 기계적인 고합금 크롬-니켈강이다. 이러한 강철은 첨가물로서 탄소, 알루미늄, 티탄, 철, 산소, 질소 및 산화이트륨을 함유한다. 디젤엔진과 같은 내연기관의 연소실의 침식성의 화학적 및 열적 환경하에서 분사노즐(1)의 노즐헤드(2)는 종래의 공지된 분사노즐(1)의 노즐헤드(2)에 비하여 유효수명이 대략 2배로 된다.The material used for the manufacture of the nozzle head 2 of the injection nozzle 1 is mechanical high alloy chromium-nickel steel. These steels contain carbon, aluminum, titanium, iron, oxygen, nitrogen and yttrium oxide as additives. Under the erosive chemical and thermal environment of a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine, the nozzle head 2 of the injection nozzle 1 has a service life of approximately 2 compared to the nozzle head 2 of the conventionally known injection nozzle 1. It is doubled.

Description

연료분사장치용 노즐헤드Nozzle Head for Fuel Injection

본 발명은 청구항 제1항의 전제부분에 기재된 바와 같이 내연기관용 연료분사장치의 분사노즐용 노즐헤드와, 이와 같은 노즐헤드를 가진 연료분사장치 및 디젤엔진에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a nozzle head for injection nozzles of a fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine, a fuel injection device having such a nozzle head, and a diesel engine as described in the preamble of claim 1.

내연기관용 연료분사장치의 분사노즐용 노즐헤드는 기술용어로서 통상적으로 아토마이저(atomizer)라고 하며, 특히 연료를 연소실로 직접 분사하는 엔진에 있어서의 대표적인 마모부이다. 노즐헤드의 재료는 고온 및 온도변화에 노출되기 쉽다. 연소실에서의 온도는 점화 온도와 새로 공급된 공기의 온도와의 사이에서 연속적으로 변화하며, 이로 인해 예를 들면 분사노즐용 노즐헤드의 외벽의 온도변화가 야기된다. 그러나, 연료가 이송되는 통로인 노즐의 내측에서는 연료의 단속적인 분사로 인해 급격한 온도변화가 야기된다. 또한, 고온의 연소실과, 연료중에 포함된 침식성 화합물, 또는 공기를 함유하는 연료부분으로부터의 배기가스에서 형성되는 물질등으로 인하여, 노즐에서의 부식작용이 매우 커진다. 연소실내에는 가스의 대순환이 이루어진다. 일반적으로, 노즐헤드의 분사공을 통하여 연료가 분사되면 이 분사된 연료는 난류(亂流)의 방향으로 진행한다. 이로 인해, 침식성인 고온의 연소가스가 노즐헤드의 분사공에 대향하는 측에 충돌하게 된다. 가스는 모두 섭씨 수백 내지 천도 이상의 온도로 된다. 대형의 디젤엔진에 있어서는, 예를 들면 분사노즐용 노즐헤드의 후부, 즉 노즐헤드의 노즐분사공에 대향하는 외벽측에서의 연소를 야기한다. 화학적 침식 및 부식작용은 사용된 연료 및 엔진의 운전조건에 의해 영향을 받는다. 예를 들면, 연료중의 나트륨 및 바나듐과, 새로 형성되는 바나딜바나딘산나트륨 또는 오산화바나듐(VO5)은 특히 침식성을 나타내며, 고온에서 부식작용이 큰 것으로 알려져 있다(따라서, 매우 중요하다). 엔진이 작동정지중일 때 형성되는 황화합물도 부식작용을 나타낸다. 종래 가장 잘 설계된 것이었던 공지의 노즐헤드는 수천시간, 통상적으로 대략 3,000∼5,000시간을 운전한 후에는 교체되어야만 했다. 종래 가장 우수했던 공지된 설계인 이와 같은 종래의 노즐헤드는 스텔라이트/티탄합금으로 제조되었다. 근본적으로 유효수명을 향상시키는데 적합한 재료는 여러가지가 있다. 그러나, 실용에 있어서 유효 수명은 종래 사용되었던 재료를 이용하여 제조된 노즐헤드와 차이가 있다 하더라도 약간 밖에 없었다.The nozzle head for the injection nozzle of the fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine is commonly referred to as an atomizer as a technical term, and is a representative wear part in an engine for injecting fuel directly into a combustion chamber. The material of the nozzle head is susceptible to high temperatures and temperature changes. The temperature in the combustion chamber is continuously varied between the ignition temperature and the temperature of the freshly supplied air, which causes a change in temperature of the outer wall of the nozzle head for the injection nozzle, for example. However, an abrupt injection of fuel causes a sudden temperature change inside the nozzle, which is a passage through which fuel is delivered. In addition, due to the high temperature combustion chamber, the corrosive compound contained in the fuel, or the material formed from the exhaust gas from the fuel portion containing air, the corrosive action at the nozzle becomes very large. There is a large circulation of gases in the combustion chamber. In general, when fuel is injected through the injection hole in the nozzle head, the injected fuel proceeds in the direction of turbulent flow. For this reason, the erosive high-temperature combustion gas collides with the side opposite to the injection hole of the nozzle head. The gases are all at temperatures of several hundred degrees Celsius to over one thousand degrees Celsius. In a large diesel engine, for example, combustion occurs at the rear of the nozzle head for the injection nozzle, that is, at the outer wall side opposite to the nozzle injection hole of the nozzle head. Chemical erosion and corrosive effects are affected by the fuel used and the operating conditions of the engine. For example, sodium and vanadium in fuels, and newly formed sodium vanadil vanadate or vanadium pentoxide (VO5) are particularly erosive and are known to be highly corrosive at high temperatures (and therefore very important). Sulfur compounds formed when the engine is stopped also exhibit corrosive effects. Known nozzle heads, which were previously the best designed ones, had to be replaced after thousands of hours of operation, typically approximately 3,000 to 5,000 hours. This conventional nozzle head, the best known design of the prior art, is made of stellite / titanium alloy. In essence, there are many suitable materials for improving the useful life. However, in practical use, the useful life was only slightly different from the nozzle head manufactured using the materials used in the past.

본 발명의 목적은 열악한 환경하에서도 향상된 유효수명 및 내구성을 가진분사노즐용 노즐헤드를 제공함에 있다. 또한, 본 발명은 유지보수 및 신뢰성의 관점에서 연료분사식 엔진, 특히 디젤엔진에 있어서 개선된 연료분사를 제공하며, 따라서 개선된 엔진을 제공한다.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a nozzle head for a spray nozzle having improved effective life and durability even in a harsh environment. In addition, the present invention provides improved fuel injection for fuel injection engines, in particular diesel engines, in view of maintenance and reliability, and thus provides an improved engine.

본 발명에 따른 분사노즐용 노즐헤드는 청구항 제1항의 특징부분에 의해 특정된다. 연료분사장치는 상기와 같이 특정된 노즐헤드를 가진 분사노즐로 구성되고, 엔진에는 신규의 노즐헤드를 가진 상기와 같은 연료분사장치를 장착한다. 특허청구의 범위의 각 종속항은 본 발명의 특히 바람직한 실시예에 관한 것이다. 연료분사노즐용 노즐헤드를 구성하는 재료는 이른바 기계적으로 합금으로 한 고합금 크롬-니켈기합금이다. 크롬-니켈강에는 첨가물로서 탄소(C), 알루미늄(Al), 티탄(Ti), 철(Fe), 질소(N), 산소(O) 및 산화이트륨(Y2O3)이 첨가된다. 이러한 첨가물들의 성분 비율이 0.005% ∼ 1% 의 C, 0.05% ∼ 5% 의 Al, 0.05% ∼ 5% 의 Fe, 0.05% ∼ 2%의 N, 0.05% ∼ 5% 의 O, 0.05% ∼ 5% 의 Ti, 0.05% ∼ 5% 의 Y2O3, 25% ∼ 35% 의 Cr 및 잔량의 Ni 등으로 이루어도록 하는 것이 노즐헤드의 내구성 향상의 측면에서 바람직하다. 특히 이러한 첨가물들의 성분 비율 중에서도 재료의 총중량을 기준으로 0.045% 의 C, 0.330% 의 Al 및 Fe, 0.158% 의 N, 0.350% 의 O, 0.500% 의 Ti, 0.560% 의 Y2O330.54% 의 Cr 및 잔량의 Ni 등의 성분 비율로 이루어지도록 하는 것이 유효수명 및 내구성 향상의 측면에서 보다 바람직하다. 여기서 첨가물의 성분 비율은 수치값으로 표현된 퍼센트 범위만으로 한정되는 것이 아니라 본 발명의 청구범위에 기재된 기술적 사상 및 범위 내에서 균등한 정도의 퍼센트범위까지 포함하는 값임은 물론이다. 이러한 크롬-니켈강 사용의 예를 들면, 상품명 "인코넬(INCONEL)알로이 MA 758"(Inco Alloys International Hereford 제, 영국)로 시판되는 합금으로 만들어진 연료분사노즐용 노즐헤드를 장착하는 것만으로도 유효수명은 2배 또는 3배로 길어진다. 이와 같은 합금강은 주조(鑄造)에 의하여 제조된 것이 아니고, 소결가공의 한 형태인 기계적인 처리, 즉 단조(鍛造)에 의한 것이다. 강철은 또한 "분산합금화, 산화분산강화, 또는 고온강화" 된 것으로도 표현된다. 이들은 열 -기계처리에 의한 소결의 한 형태에 의해, 즉 고온에서 열처리한 후, 기계적으로 처리함으로써 제조된다. 분사노즐용 노즐헤드에 사용되는 재료는 기계적인 고합금 크롬-니켈강이다. 이 강철의 첨가물로서는 탄소, 알루미늄, 티탄, 철 및 산화이트륨이 있다. 소량의 산소 및/또는 질소를 함유해도 된다. 본 발명의 분사노즐용 노즐헤드는 디젤엔진과 같은 내연기관의 연소실이 침식성의 화학적 및 열적 환경하에 있을 때, 종래의 공지된 분사노즐용 노즐헤드에 비하여 유효수명이 대략 2배로 길어진다. 디젤엔진의 연소실이 침식성의 화학적 및 열적환경하에 있을 때, MA 758로 제조된 노즐헤드는 종래의 공지된 노즐헤드에 비하여 유효 수명이 대략 2배로 길었다. 이것은 10,000시간 이상의 운전유효수명에 해당하며, 선박용 디젤엔진에서는 TBO(Time Between Overhaul)가 대략 2년 이상으로 된다. 이에 대하여, 예를 들면 종래의 공지된 연료분사노즐용 노즐헤드에서는 TBO가 1년에 불과하다. 제1도는 노즐헤드(2)를 가진 연료분사노즐(1)의 일부를 개략적으로 도시한 종단면도이다. 수개 예를 들면 5개의 분사공(21)중 2개의 분사공(21)이 약간 아래쪽으로 경사져서 반경방향으로 형성되어 있다. 연료는 중심공(20)을 통해분사공(21)으로 공급되어 각각 연소실 또는 실린더내로 약간 아래쪽으로 경사져서 반경방향으로 분사되고, 이때 이와 같이 분사된 연료는 연소실내에서 원활한 순환이 이루어진다. 이러한, 분사형태로 인하여, 특히 노즐헤드(2)의 분사공(21)에 대향하는 측의 외벽(22)부분은 화학적 및 열적응력, 그 중에서도 특히 부식작용의 영향을 받아서 부식되어 파손되기 쉽다.The nozzle head for a spray nozzle according to the invention is specified by the characterizing part of claim 1. The fuel injection device is composed of injection nozzles having the nozzle head specified as above, and the engine is equipped with the fuel injection device as described above with the new nozzle head. Each dependent claim in the claims relates to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention. The material constituting the nozzle head for the fuel injection nozzle is a so-called mechanically alloyed high alloy chromium-nickel base alloy. Carbon (C), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) are added to the chromium-nickel steel as additives. The proportions of these additives are 0.005% to 1% C, 0.05% to 5% Al, 0.05% to 5% Fe, 0.05% to 2% N, 0.05% to 5% O, 0.05% to 5% it is achieved so that the% of Ti, 0.05% ~ 5% of Y 2 O 3, 25% ~ 35% of Cr and the balance of Ni are preferable in terms of improving durability of the nozzle head. In particular, among the component proportions of these additives, 0.045% C, 0.330% Al and Fe, 0.158% N, 0.350% O, 0.500% Ti, 0.560% Y 2 O 3 30.54% based on the total weight of the material It is more preferable from the viewpoint of improving the useful life and durability to make the composition ratio such as Cr and the remaining amount of Ni. Here, the component ratio of the additive is not limited to only the percentage range expressed as a numerical value, but is a value including an equivalent range of percentages within the technical spirit and range described in the claims of the present invention. Examples of such chromium-nickel steel use, for example, are those in which a nozzle head for fuel injection nozzles made of an alloy commercially available under the trade name "INCONEL alloy MA 758" (manufactured by Inco Alloys International Hereford, UK) has a useful life. 2 or 3 times longer Such alloy steel is not produced by casting, but by mechanical treatment, that is, forging, which is a form of sintering. Steel is also represented as "dispersed alloyed, oxidatively dispersed, or elevated temperature". They are produced by one form of sintering by heat-mechanical treatment, ie by heat treatment at high temperatures and then by mechanical treatment. The material used for the nozzle head for the spray nozzle is a mechanical high alloy chromium-nickel steel. Additives of this steel include carbon, aluminum, titanium, iron and yttrium oxide. It may contain a small amount of oxygen and / or nitrogen. The nozzle head for the injection nozzle of the present invention has a service life approximately twice as long as that of the nozzle head for a conventionally known injection nozzle when the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine is under erosive chemical and thermal environments. When the combustion chamber of a diesel engine was in an erosive chemical and thermal environment, the nozzle head made of MA 758 had a service life approximately twice as long as conventionally known nozzle heads. This corresponds to a service life of more than 10,000 hours, with marine diesel engines having a TBO (Time Between Overhaul) of approximately two years or more. In contrast, for example, in the conventional nozzle head for fuel injection nozzles, the TBO is only one year. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing a part of a fuel injection nozzle 1 having a nozzle head 2. For example, two injection holes 21 of five injection holes 21 are inclined slightly downward, and are formed in the radial direction. The fuel is supplied to the injection hole 21 through the center hole 20 and is inclined slightly downward into the combustion chamber or the cylinder, respectively, and is injected radially, and the injected fuel is smoothly circulated in the combustion chamber. Due to this type of injection, the outer wall 22 portion on the side of the nozzle head 2 that faces the injection hole 21 is particularly susceptible to corrosion and breakage under the influence of chemical and thermal stresses, especially corrosion.

제1도는 본 발명에 의한 노즐헤드를 가진 연료분사노즐의 일부를 개략적으로 도시한 종단면도.1 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing a part of a fuel injection nozzle having a nozzle head according to the present invention;

* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

(1): 분사노즐, (2): 노즐헤드, (20): 중심공, (21): 분사공, (22): 노즐헤드의 외벽.(1): injection nozzle, (2): nozzle head, (20): center hole, (21): injection hole, (22): outer wall of the nozzle head.

Claims (7)

자동점화장치를 가진 내연기관용 연료분사장치의 분사노즐용 노즐헤드에 있어서,A nozzle head for injection nozzles of a fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine having an automatic ignition device, 탄소(C), 알루미늄(Al), 철(Fe), 티탄(Ti), 질소(N), 산소(O) 및 산화이트륨(Y2O3)을 기계적으로 합금한 크롬-니켈강으로 제조되는 것을 특징으로 하는 노즐헤드.Made of chromium-nickel steel mechanically alloyed with carbon (C), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) A nozzle head characterized by the above-mentioned. 제1항에 있어서, 기계적으로 합금한 크롬-니켈강은 중량을 기준으로 0.005% ∼ 1% 의 C, 0.05% ∼ 5% 의 Al, 0.05% ∼ 5% 의 Fe, 0.05% ∼ 2%의 N, 0.05% ∼ 5% 의 O, 0.05% ∼ 5% 의 Ti, 0.05% ∼ 5% 의 Y2O3, 25% ∼ 35% 의 Cr 및 잔량의 Ni 의 합금으로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 노즐헤드.The mechanically alloyed chromium-nickel steel according to claim 1 has a weight ratio of 0.005% to 1% C, 0.05% to 5% Al, 0.05% to 5% Fe, 0.05% to 2% N, A nozzle head comprising 0.05% to 5% of O, 0.05% to 5% of Ti, 0.05% to 5% of Y 2 O 3 , 25% to 35% of Cr, and a balance of Ni. 제2항에 있어서, 크롬-니켈강은 재료의 총중량을 기준으로 0.045% 의 C, 0.330% 의 Al 및 Fe, 0.158% 의 N, 0.350% 의 O, 0.500% 의 Ti, 0.560% 의 Y2O3, 30.54% 의 Cr 및 잔량의 Ni 를 함유하는 것을 특징으로 하는 노즐헤드.The chromium-nickel steel of claim 2, wherein the chromium-nickel steel is 0.045% C, 0.330% Al and Fe, 0.158% N, 0.350% O, 0.500% Ti, 0.560% Y 2 O 3 based on the total weight of the material. And 30.54% Cr and the remaining amount of Ni. 제1항 내지 제3항중 어느 한 항에 정의한 노즐헤드를 가지는 내연기관용 연료분사노즐.A fuel injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine having a nozzle head as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3. 제1항 내지 제3항중 어느 한 항에 정의한 노즐헤드를 구비한 분사노즐을 가지는 내연기관의 연료분사장치.A fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine having an injection nozzle provided with a nozzle head as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3. 제5항에 정의한 연료분사장치를 가지는 내연기관.An internal combustion engine having a fuel injection value as defined in claim 5. 제5항에 정의한 분사노즐을 구비한 연료분사장치를 가지는 디젤엔진.A diesel engine having a fuel injection device having an injection nozzle as defined in claim 5.
KR1019930005844A 1992-05-11 1993-04-08 Nozzle Head for Fuel Injection KR100373786B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP92810347A EP0569655B1 (en) 1992-05-11 1992-05-11 Injection nozzle for a fuel injection device
EP92810347.2 1992-05-11

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KR930023592A KR930023592A (en) 1993-12-21
KR100373786B1 true KR100373786B1 (en) 2003-06-18

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DE4411228C2 (en) * 1994-03-31 1996-02-01 Krupp Vdm Gmbh High-temperature resistant nickel-based alloy and use of the same
EP0961024B1 (en) * 1998-05-29 2010-01-13 Wärtsilä Schweiz AG Fuel injection nozzle
EP0982493B1 (en) * 1998-08-27 2003-09-24 Wärtsilä Schweiz AG Method of making a fuel injection nozzle and fuel injection nozzle
JP2976973B1 (en) * 1998-09-29 1999-11-10 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engine
DE19963389A1 (en) 1999-12-28 2001-07-05 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method of manufacturing a valve piece for a fuel injector
ATE388322T1 (en) * 2002-04-11 2008-03-15 Waertsilae Nsd Schweiz Ag NOZZLE HEAD FOR A FUEL INJECTION NOZZLE
US20070131803A1 (en) * 2005-12-13 2007-06-14 Phadke Milind V Fuel injector having integrated valve seat guide
CN102472224B (en) * 2009-06-30 2014-07-23 日本活塞环株式会社 Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engine, nozzle blank and manufacturing method thereof
EP2365206B1 (en) * 2010-03-05 2014-04-30 Wärtsilä Switzerland Ltd. A nozzle for a fuel injector for internal combustion engines, and method of manufacturing a nozzle

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DE3133944A1 (en) * 1981-08-24 1983-03-03 Gebrüder Sulzer AG, 8401 Winterthur Fuel injection nozzle, especially for diesel engines
JPS6299433A (en) * 1985-10-26 1987-05-08 Natl Res Inst For Metals Gamma'-phase precipitation strengthening heat resistant nickel alloy containing dispersed yttria particle
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KR930023592A (en) 1993-12-21
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