KR100342069B1 - Preparing method of electrode made by Rice Hull Activated Carbon and Application for Electric Double Layer Capacitor - Google Patents
Preparing method of electrode made by Rice Hull Activated Carbon and Application for Electric Double Layer Capacitor Download PDFInfo
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
본 발명은 낮은 비저항과 높은 비표면적 및 일정 범위의 세공분포를 갖는 왕겨 활성탄을 이용하여 분극성 전극을 제조하는 방법과 전해질 이온의 분극성 전극 표면 흡착량을 증가시켜 정전용량을 증가시킨 전기이중층 캐패시터에 관한 것이다.The present invention provides a method for producing a polarizable electrode using chaff activated carbon having a low specific resistance, a high specific surface area and a pore distribution of a specific range, and an electric double layer capacitor having increased capacitance by increasing the surface adsorption amount of electrolyte ions. It is about.
따라서 분극성 전극을 제조하여 제작된 단위 셀을 충·방전 실험결과 내부저항 특성의 결과, 왕겨 활성탄전극의 전기이중층 캐패시터의 전압강하가 가장 작게 나타났으며, 넓은 비표면적에 의한 전해질 흡착량 증가로 인하여 전기이중층 캐패시터의 정전용량 특성이 가장 우수하였다.Therefore, as a result of the internal resistance characteristics of the unit cell fabricated by manufacturing the polarized electrode, the voltage drop of the electric double layer capacitor of the chaff activated carbon electrode was the smallest, and the electrolyte adsorption amount increased due to the large specific surface area. Due to this, the capacitance characteristics of the electric double layer capacitor were the best.
본 발명에 따라 제조된 왕겨 활성탄 전극은 낮은 내부저항을 갖기 때문에 전압강하가 낮아져서 정전용량이 종래 상품화된 활성탄 전극을 이용한 전기이중층 캐패시터 보다 우수한 전기적 특성을 나타낸다Since the chaff activated carbon electrode manufactured according to the present invention has a low internal resistance, the voltage drop is lowered, and thus the capacitance is superior to the electric double layer capacitor using the commercially available activated carbon electrode.
Description
전기이중층 캐패시터(EDLC, Electric Double Layer Capacitor)는 흡·탈착의 원리로 전하를 축적하는 장치로서 에너지와 파워(power) 밀도면에서 종래의 전해 캐패시터와 전지의 중간 특성을 갖는다. 전기이중층 캐패시터의 성능을 개선하기 위하여 활성탄을 이용하여 적당한 표면성질과 높은 비표면적을 갖는 분극성 전극을 제조하는 연구가 매우 중요하다. 최근들어 활성탄이 전기이중층 캐패시터의 분극성 전극 소재로서 이용되고 있다.Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) is a device that accumulates electric charges on the basis of adsorption and desorption, and has an intermediate characteristic between a conventional electrolytic capacitor and a battery in terms of energy and power density. In order to improve the performance of the electric double layer capacitor, it is very important to study the use of activated carbon to prepare a polarizable electrode having suitable surface properties and high specific surface area. Recently, activated carbon has been used as a polarizable electrode material for electric double layer capacitors.
전기이중층 캐패시터는 서로 다른 분극성 전극과 전해액의 두층이 접촉하여 그 계면에 전압을 인가하여 양·음전하가 단거리로 접하여 전하를 축적하며, 2차전지와 기본적인 구조는 동일하지만 원리적으로 전기이중층 캐패시터는 전하의 흡,탈착 반응을 이용한 것이며 전지는 화학적 산화, 환원 반응을 이용한 것이다. 따라서 전기이중층 캐패시터는 2차전지(2∼3시간)에 비교하여 급속 충전(수초∼수분) 특성을 나타내며 제품수명도 2차전지(500회)와 비교하여 전기이중층 캐패시터(100,000회 이상으로 반영구적)가 우수한 특성을 나타낸다. 이러한 특성은 전기이중층 캐패시터에서 사용하는 분극성 전극과 전해액의 종류에 따라 구분되며, 특히 분극성 전극에 따라서 전기적 성능이 변화한다. 분극성 전극은 전기이중층 캐패시터의 정전용량, 내부저항 등에 영향을 주며, 분극성 전극 표면의 세공경, 분포 및 전해질의 이온반경 등과 밀접한 관계를 갖는다. 또한 분극성 전극과 전해질과의 흡, 탈착에 의한 전하의 이동이 매우 중요하다. 따라서 분극성 전극에서 활성탄의 세공의 크기 및 그 분포범위가 일정하며 비표면적이 매우 큰 활성탄계가 요구되는 것이다.An electric double layer capacitor accumulates electric charges by contacting two different layers of polarizable electrodes with electrolyte and applying a voltage to the interface to contact the positive and negative charges in a short distance, and the basic structure is the same as that of a secondary battery, but in principle an electric double layer capacitor Is using the adsorption and desorption reaction of the charge, and the battery uses the chemical oxidation and reduction reaction. Therefore, the electric double layer capacitor has the characteristics of rapid charging (seconds to minutes) as compared to the secondary battery (2 to 3 hours), and the product lifespan of the electric double layer capacitor (more than 100,000 times) compared with the secondary battery (500 times). Exhibits excellent properties. These characteristics are classified according to the type of polarizable electrode and electrolyte used in the electric double layer capacitor, and in particular, the electrical performance varies depending on the polarizable electrode. The polarizable electrode affects the capacitance, internal resistance, etc. of the electric double layer capacitor, and has a close relationship with the pore diameter, the distribution of the surface of the polarizable electrode, and the ion radius of the electrolyte. In addition, the transfer of charges by adsorption and desorption between the polarizable electrode and the electrolyte is very important. Therefore, the size and distribution range of the pore of activated carbon in the polarizable electrode is required, and the activated carbon system having a large specific surface area is required.
전기이중층 캐패시터의 구조 및 그 제조공정을 도면에 의거 기술하면, 하나의 단위 셀(3)은 내전압이 3.0볼트 정도로 낮기 때문에 통상 2∼3개의 단위 셀(3)을 적층하여 사용한다. 통상적으로, 도 1에서와 같이 적층된 2∼3개의 단위 셀(3)을 수납하는 금속 외장 케이스(1)와 다른 두 극성의 단자간 쇼트를 방지하기 위한 절연판(5)에 서로 다른 두극성의 단자(4,6)를 조합하여 금속 외장 케이스(1)에 수납 후 압착 조립하여 전기이중층 캐패시터를 제조한다.Referring to the structure of the electric double layer capacitor and the manufacturing process thereof according to the drawings, since one unit cell 3 has a low withstand voltage of about 3.0 volts, two to three unit cells 3 are usually stacked and used. In general, the metal outer case 1 containing two to three unit cells 3 stacked as shown in FIG. 1 and the insulating plate 5 for preventing short between terminals of two different polarities have different bipolar characteristics. Combining the terminals (4, 6) in the metal outer case (1), and then assembled by compression to produce an electric double layer capacitor.
전기이중층 캐패시터를 제조하기에 앞서 단위 셀(3)을 먼저 제조하는데 도 2와 같이 서로 다른 두극성의 금속 케이스(7,14)에 분극성 전극을 접착하여 서로 다른 두극성의 집전체(8,13)를 형성하고 서로 다른 두극성의 분극성 전극(9,12)에 전해질을 함침하여 두 개의 서로 다른 두극성의 분극성 전극(9,12)이 접촉하는 것을 방지하기 위한 격리지(11) 및 두 개의 서로 다른 두극성의 금속 케이스(7,14)가 서로 접촉하는 것을 방지하기 위한 폴리머 소재의 가스켓(10)으로 구성하여 단위 셀(3)을 제조한다.Prior to fabricating the electric double layer capacitor, the unit cell 3 is first manufactured. As shown in FIG. 2, the polarizable electrodes are attached to the different bipolar metal cases 7 and 14 to form different bipolar current collectors 8,. 13) forming a separator and impregnating an electrolyte in different bipolar polarizable electrodes 9,12 to prevent the contact of two different bipolar polarized electrodes 9,12. And a gasket 10 made of a polymer material for preventing two different bipolar metal cases 7 and 14 from contacting each other.
본 발명은 상기와 같은 종래 활성탄의 비저항과 비표면적 등의 문제점을 해결하고자 하는 것으로서 낮은 비저항과 높은 비표면적 및 일정한 세공분포를 갖는 왕겨 활성탄을 이용하여 분극성 전극을 제조하고, 전해질 이온의 분극성 전극 표면 흡착성능을 증가시켜 전기이중층 캐패시터의 정전용량을 증가시키고자 하는 것이다.The present invention is to solve the problems, such as the specific resistance and specific surface area of the conventional activated carbon as described above, to prepare a polarizable electrode using chaff activated carbon having a low specific resistance, high specific surface area and constant pore distribution, polarity of the electrolyte ion It is to increase the capacitance of the electric double layer capacitor by increasing the electrode surface adsorption performance.
또한 본 발명은 이러한 전기이중층 캐패시터의 특성을 부여하기 위하여 그 내부 소재 중 전기적 특성에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 분극성 전극을 왕겨활성탄을 원료로 제조하여 전기이중층 캐패시터의 전극으로 적용하는 것에 관한 발명이다.In addition, the present invention relates to a polarized electrode which has the greatest influence on the electrical properties of the internal material in order to impart the characteristics of such an electric double layer capacitor, and to apply chaff activated carbon as a raw material to the electrode of the electric double layer capacitor.
도 1은 전기이중층 캐패시터의 구성 도면1 is a configuration diagram of an electric double layer capacitor
도 2는 전기이중층 캐패시터의 단위 셀 단면 도면2 is a cross-sectional view of a unit cell of an electric double layer capacitor
도 3은 본 발명에 따른 분극성 전극용 왕겨 활성탄의 표면 확대 도면Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the surface of the chaff activated carbon for polarizable electrodes according to the present invention
도 4는 본 발명에 따른 왕겨 활성탄을 이용하여 제작한 분극성 전극의 표면 확대 도면Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the surface of the polarizable electrode produced using chaff activated carbon according to the present invention
도 5는 종래 및 본 발명의 분극성 전극을 이용한 전기이중층 캐패시터의 누설전류 특성 도면5 is a leakage current characteristic diagram of an electric double layer capacitor using the polarizable electrode of the prior art and the present invention.
도 6은 종래 및 본 발명의 분극성 전극을 이용한 전기이중층 캐패시터의 충전 특성 도면6 is a charge characteristic diagram of an electric double layer capacitor using the polarizable electrode of the prior art and the present invention.
도 7은 종래 및 본 발명의 분극성 전극을 이용한 전기이중층 캐패시터의 연속 충·방전 싸이클 특성 도면7 is a characteristic diagram of a continuous charge and discharge cycle of an electric double layer capacitor using a polarizable electrode of the prior art and the present invention.
도 8은 종래 및 본 발명의 분극성 전극을 이용한 전기이중층 캐패시터의 자기방전 특성 도면8 is a self-discharge characteristic diagram of an electric double layer capacitor using the polarizable electrode of the prior art and the present invention.
* 도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명 *Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings
1 : 금속 외장 케이스 2 : 열수축성 절연 슬리브1: metal outer case 2: heat shrinkable insulating sleeve
3 : 단위 셀 4 : 양극 단자3: unit cell 4: positive terminal
5 : 절연판 6 : 음극 단자5: insulation plate 6: negative terminal
7 : 단위 셀의 양극 케이스 8 : 단위 셀의 양극 집전체7: anode case of unit cell 8: anode collector of unit cell
9 : 단위 셀의 양극 분극성 전극 10 : 단위 셀의 가스켓9: Anodic polarization electrode of unit cell 10: Gasket of unit cell
11 : 단위 셀의 격리지 12 : 단위 셀의 음극 분극성 전극11: separator of unit cell 12: negative electrode polarity electrode of unit cell
13 : 단위 셀의 음극 집전체 14 : 단위 셀의 음극 케이스13: negative electrode current collector of the unit cell 14: negative electrode case of the unit cell
본 발명의 분극성 전극 제조를 위한 왕겨 활성탄은 본 발명의 출원인과 공동으로 발명하여 본 발명과 동일자로 출원한 「전기이중층 캐패시터용 왕겨활성탄의 제조방법」 이란 제목하의 발명의 명세서에 구체적으로 기술되어 있고 그 제조방법의 개요는 다음과 같다.Chaff activated carbon for the preparation of the polarizable electrode of the present invention is specifically described in the specification of the invention under the heading "Method of manufacturing chaff activated carbon for electric double layer capacitor" filed in collaboration with the applicant of the present invention and the same as the present invention. The outline of the production method is as follows.
왕겨로부터 휘발성 물질을 제거하고 고정탄소 함량을 증가시키기 위하여, 질소와 같은 비활성 분위기에서 500~1000℃의 온도로 1~3시간동안 열처리하여 탄화왕겨를 제조한다.In order to remove volatiles from the chaff and increase the fixed carbon content, the charcoal is prepared by heat treatment at a temperature of 500 to 1000 ° C. for 1 to 3 hours in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen.
수산화칼륨(KOH) 또는 수산화나트륨(NaOH)과 탄산칼륨(K2CO3) 또는 탄산나트륨(Na2CO3)을 1:1로 혼합한 것을 증류수로 30~80 중량%의 염기성 용액을 조제한다.A mixture of potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ) or sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) in a 1: 1 ratio is prepared with distilled water in a 30 to 80% by weight basic solution.
상기 염기성 용액에 0.1~10㎛로 분쇄한 탄화왕겨를 1:1~10:1의 중량 조성비로 혼합하여 탄화왕겨에 염기성 용액을 함침시킨 후, 50~80℃온도에서 10~60분간 교반하여 탄화왕겨에 염기성 용액이 균일하게 스며들도록 한다.The carbonized rice husk crushed to 0.1-10 ㎛ in the basic solution was mixed in a weight ratio of 1: 1 ~ 10: 1, impregnated the basic solution in the carbonized rice husk, and then carbonized by stirring for 10 to 60 minutes at 50 ~ 80 ℃ temperature Allow the chaff to soak in the basic solution evenly.
약품이 함침된 탄화 왕겨를 높은 비표면적, 세공부피 및 적당한 세공분포를 위하여 비활성 분위기에서 500~1000℃의 온도에서 3~5시간 동안 열처리하여 활성화시킨다.Chemically impregnated carbonized chaff is activated by heat treatment for 3 to 5 hours at a temperature of 500 to 1000 ° C. in an inert atmosphere for high specific surface area, pore volume and proper pore distribution.
활성화처리를 행한 후, 잔존하고 있는 약품을 세정하여 회수하고 건조시켜 왕겨 활성탄을 제조하는 방법이다.After the activation treatment, the remaining chemicals are washed, recovered and dried to produce rice hull activated carbon.
상기와 같은 방법으로 제조된 왕겨 활성탄의 비표면적은 1970~2500m2/ g이었고 전자현미경 사진을 도 3에 나타내었다.The specific surface area of the chaff activated carbon prepared by the above method was 1970-2500 m 2 / g and an electron micrograph is shown in FIG. 3.
또한 상기 방법으로 제조된 왕겨 활성탄은 아래 표 1 및 2에서와 같이 종래의 활성탄인 페놀계 활성탄(이하 "활성탄 A"라 함) 및 야자 껍질계 활성탄(이하 "활성탄 B"라 함)과 비교할 때 세공직경은 16∼17Å의 범위로 유사하나 비표면적, 외부비표면적 및 거대 세공용적은 월등하게 우수하였다.In addition, chaff activated carbon prepared by the above method is compared with phenol-based activated carbon (hereinafter referred to as "activated carbon A") and palm shell activated carbon (hereinafter referred to as "activated carbon B") which are conventional activated carbon as shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. The pore diameter was similar in the range of 16 ~ 17Å, but the specific surface area, external specific surface area and macropore volume were excellent.
본 발명의 전기이중층 캐패시터에 적용되는 분극성 전극의 제조방법은 먼저, 원료인 왕겨 활성탄이 도 3과 같이 활성탄의 크기가 불균일하고 불필요한 기공이 많기 때문에 ball mill로 0.1~10㎛의 일정한 분말로 분쇄하여 분극성 전극의 재료로 사용한다. 일정한 형상의 전극으로 성형하기 위한 결합제로 폴리비닐리덴플루오라이드(polyvinylidenefluoride), 폴리비닐피롤리돈(polyvinylpyrrolidone), 칼슘카르복시메틸셀루로우스(calcium carboxymethyl cellulose) 및 폴리테트라플루오로에틸렌(polytetraflouroethylene) 등을 1-메틸-2-피롤리디논(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone) 및 물 등에 0.1∼20 중량%의 농도로 용해한 후 분말상태의 왕겨 활성탄을 각각 1∼20:1의 일정 중량 비율로 배합한다. 불균일한 상태의 배합된 혼합물을 기계적 교반기를 이용하여 100∼5000 rpm의 범위내에서 일정속도로 혼합한다. 슬러지 상태인 활성탄 혼합물을 판상으로 제조한 후 진공 건조기를 이용하여 100~500℃에서 1∼48시간 동안 건조하여 0.1∼1.5 mm의 일정한 두께의 분극성 전극을 제작한다.In the method of manufacturing a polarizable electrode applied to the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention, first, the chaff activated carbon, which is a raw material, is pulverized into a constant powder of 0.1 to 10 μm with a ball mill because the size of the activated carbon is uneven and there are many unnecessary pores. It is used as a material of the polarizable electrode. Polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylpyrrolidone, calcium carboxymethyl cellulose and polytetrafluoroethylene may be used as binders to form a uniform electrode. After dissolving at a concentration of 0.1 to 20% by weight in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and water and the like, powdered chaff activated carbon is blended at a predetermined weight ratio of 1 to 20: 1, respectively. . The blended mixture in a heterogeneous state is mixed at a constant speed in the range of 100 to 5000 rpm using a mechanical stirrer. The sludge-activated carbon mixture is prepared in a plate shape and then dried in a vacuum dryer at 100 to 500 ° C. for 1 to 48 hours to produce a polarized electrode having a constant thickness of 0.1 to 1.5 mm.
상품화되어 있는 종래의 활성탄인 활성탄 A(비표면적 1800 m2/g)와 활성탄 B(비표면적 1500 m2/g)를 동일한 방법으로 분극성 전극을 제조하여 본 발명의 분극성 전극과 전극 표면을 확대하여 관찰한 결과 도4와 같이 왕겨 활성탄의 분극성 전극이 표면과 단면이 균일하여 안정적으로 구성된 것을 나타났으며, 종래 활성탄을 이용한 분극성 전극의 경우에는 불필요한 기공이 발달하였고 불균일한 것을 관찰 할 수 있다.Commercially available activated carbon A (specific surface area 1800 m 2 / g) and activated carbon B (specific surface area 1500 m 2 / g), which are commercially available, are manufactured in the same manner to prepare polarized electrodes, thereby forming polarized electrodes and electrode surfaces of the present invention. As a result of the enlarged observation, as shown in FIG. 4, the polarized electrode of rice hull activated carbon was uniformly formed on the surface and the cross section, and in the case of the polarized electrode using the conventional activated carbon, unnecessary pores developed and was uneven. Can be.
한편 전해질은 테트라에틸암모니움테트라플루오로보레이트(tetraethyl-ammoniumtetrafluoroborate), 테트라에틸암모니움헥사플루오로포스페이트 (tetraethylammoniumhexaflourophasphate) 및 테트라에틸암모니움퍼클로레이드 (tetraethylammoniumperchlorate) 등을 프로필렌카보네이트(propylene carbonate) 및 r-부티롤락톤(r-buthyrolactone) 등에 용해하여 0.1∼1.0 N농도로 제조하고 수분함수율을 50 ppm 이하로 제습하여 사용한다. 단위 셀 제조는 분극성 전극을 절단하여 알루미늄(Al), 닉켈(Ni), 백금(Pt), 구리(Cu), 금(Au) 및 티타늄(Ti) 등의 금속박에 접착한 후 진공건조기를 이용하여 100∼500℃의 온도에서, 6∼48시간 동안감압하여 분극성 전극 내부의 수분을 완전 건조한다. 건조된 분극성 전극에 제습·제조된 전해질을 함침시킨 후, 절연성 가스켓(gasket)으로 밀봉하고 격리막은 두 분극성 전극간의 접촉에 의한 단락을 방지하기 위해 저밀도이며 다공질인 폴리프로필렌(polypropylene) 또는 폴리에틸렌(polyethylene) 필름(film)이나 부직포 등을 격리막으로 사용하여 분극성 전극과 분극성 전극사이에 고정하여 단위 셀을 제조한다.Tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate, tetraethylammonium hexafluorourosphate, tetraethylammonium perchlorate, and tetraethylammonium perchlorate include propylene carbonate and r-part. It is dissolved in tyrolactone (r-buthyrolactone) and the like, prepared at 0.1-1.0 N concentration, and used by dehumidifying the moisture content below 50 ppm. The unit cell is manufactured by cutting a polarizable electrode and attaching it to a metal foil such as aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), gold (Au) and titanium (Ti) and then using a vacuum dryer. Then, the pressure is reduced for 6 to 48 hours at a temperature of 100 to 500 DEG C to completely dry the moisture inside the polarizable electrode. The dried polarizable electrode is impregnated with the dehumidified and manufactured electrolyte, then sealed with an insulating gasket, and the separator is made of low density and porous polypropylene or polyethylene to prevent short circuit due to contact between the two polarizable electrodes. A unit cell is prepared by fixing between a polarizable electrode and a polarizable electrode using a polyethylene film or a nonwoven fabric as a separator.
본 발명의 단위 셀을 제조한 후 내부저항, 정전용량등의 전기적 특성을 측정한 결과를 아래 표 3에 나타내었다. 원료 활성탄 A로 제조된 전극 및 활성탄 B로 제조된 전극에 비해 왕겨 활성탄으로 제조된 전극을 사용한 전기이중층 캐패시터의 내부저항이 훨씬 낮았으며, 넓은 비표면적에 의한 전해질 흡착량 증가로 인하여 전기이중층 캐패시터의 정전용량이 종래 활성탄 A 및 B보다 4∼8 배 큰 정전용량을 나타내어 왕겨 활성탄을 이용한 전기이중층 캐패시터의 전기적 특성이 우수하였다.Table 3 shows the results of measuring electrical characteristics such as internal resistance and capacitance after manufacturing the unit cell of the present invention. Compared to the electrode made of raw activated carbon A and the electrode made of activated carbon B, the internal resistance of the electric double layer capacitor using the electrode made of chaff activated carbon was much lower, and due to the increase of electrolyte adsorption due to the large specific surface area, The capacitance was 4 to 8 times larger than the conventional activated carbons A and B, and the electrical characteristics of the electric double layer capacitor using chaff activated carbon were excellent.
이러한 전기적 특성을 나타내는 것은 전기이중층 캐패시터의 내부저항은 방전 초기 전압강하(IR drop) 발생의 주원인으로 내부저항이 작을수록 전압강하가 작아 전기이중층 캐패시터의 정전용량이 증가되기 때문이다.This electrical characteristic is because the internal resistance of the electric double layer capacitor is the main cause of the generation of the initial drop of the IR drop, and the smaller the internal resistance, the smaller the voltage drop, so that the capacitance of the electric double layer capacitor increases.
따라서 단위 셀을 정정압 충전·정전류 방전 실험결과 도 5면과 같이 충전 시 충전효율을 나타내는 누설전류의 특성이 왕겨 활성탄을 이용한 분극성 전극이 가장 낮아 우수하였고, 도 6의 내부저항 특성의 결과와 같이 왕겨 활성탄전극의 전기이중층 캐패시터의 전압강하가 가장 작아 방전특성이 가장 우수하였다.Therefore, as a result of the experiment of the positive pressure charging and the constant current discharge of the unit cell, the leakage current indicating the charging efficiency when charging the unit cell was the lowest, and the polarizable electrode using the activated carbon was the lowest, and the results of the internal resistance characteristics of FIG. As a result, the voltage drop of the electric double layer capacitor of the chaff activated carbon electrode was the smallest and the discharge characteristic was the best.
특히 도 7면과 같이 왕겨 활성탄 전극은 낮은 내부저항을 갖기 때문에 전압강하가 낮아져서 연속적으로 충·방전을 진행한 결과, 종래 활성탄으로 제조된 전극을 이용한 전기이중층 캐패시터 보다 전압과 전류의 변동의 폭이 좁고 정전용량이 커서 충·방전 시간이 길었다. 따라서 종래 활성탄으로 제조된 전극을 이용한 전기이중층 캐패시터 보다 안정하였다.In particular, as shown in FIG. 7, since the chaff activated carbon electrode has a low internal resistance, the voltage drop is lowered, and thus the charge and discharge are continuously performed. As a result, the variation in voltage and current is greater than that of the electric double layer capacitor using the electrode made of activated carbon. Due to its narrow and large capacitance, the charging and discharging time was long. Therefore, it is more stable than the electric double layer capacitor using the electrode made of conventional activated carbon.
도 8은 30분간 정전압으로 충전한 후 무부하로 방치하여 자연적인 방전특성을 관찰한 것인 자기방전특성이다. 이것은 장기간 전압을 유지할 수 있는 능력을 평가하는 것으로 전기이중층 캐패시터의 전기적인 특성 중 매우 중요한 것으로 본발명의 전기이중층 캐패시터가 가장 장기간 전압을 유지하였다.FIG. 8 is a self discharge characteristic in which a natural discharge characteristic is observed by charging at a constant voltage for 30 minutes and leaving no load. This is an important evaluation of the electrical characteristics of the electric double layer capacitor, which evaluates the ability to maintain the voltage for a long time. The electric double layer capacitor of the present invention has maintained the longest voltage.
따라서 본 발명의 전기이중층 캐패시터가 종래의 활성탄으로 제조된 전극을 이용한 제품 보다 우수한 전기적 특성을 나타내었다.Therefore, the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention showed better electrical properties than the product using the electrode made of the conventional activated carbon.
본 발명에 의한 분극성 전극을 적용한 전기 이중층 캐패시터는 내부저항이 낮고 정전 용량이 큰 전기적 특성을 갖는다.The electric double layer capacitor to which the polarizable electrode according to the present invention is applied has a low internal resistance and a large capacitance.
충전 효율이 높을 뿐만 아니라 방전 특성이 우수하고 충·방전시 전류의 변동폭이 좁아 안정적이며 자가 방전 특성이 우수하여 장기간 방치시에도 전압이 유지되는 효과가 있다.Not only the charging efficiency is high, but also the discharge characteristics are excellent, and the fluctuation range of the current during charging and discharging is small, so it is stable and the self-discharging characteristics are excellent.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103545120A (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-01-29 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Organic system hybrid capacitor with rice-hull-based activated carbon serving as electrode material |
| KR20150054030A (en) | 2013-11-08 | 2015-05-20 | 파워카본테크놀로지 (주) | Electrode materials, electrochemical device comprising the same and method for manufacturing the same |
| KR20180061670A (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2018-06-08 | 삼신디바이스 주식회사 | Super capacitor and method for manufacturing the same |
| KR20190045666A (en) | 2017-10-24 | 2019-05-03 | 삼신디바이스 주식회사 | Super capacitor with high voltage and method for manufacturing the same |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103545120A (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-01-29 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Organic system hybrid capacitor with rice-hull-based activated carbon serving as electrode material |
| KR20150054030A (en) | 2013-11-08 | 2015-05-20 | 파워카본테크놀로지 (주) | Electrode materials, electrochemical device comprising the same and method for manufacturing the same |
| KR20180061670A (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2018-06-08 | 삼신디바이스 주식회사 | Super capacitor and method for manufacturing the same |
| KR20190045666A (en) | 2017-10-24 | 2019-05-03 | 삼신디바이스 주식회사 | Super capacitor with high voltage and method for manufacturing the same |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20020006826A (en) | 2002-01-26 |
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