KR100313870B1 - Motion vector prediction method - Google Patents

Motion vector prediction method Download PDF

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KR100313870B1
KR100313870B1 KR1019980052332A KR19980052332A KR100313870B1 KR 100313870 B1 KR100313870 B1 KR 100313870B1 KR 1019980052332 A KR1019980052332 A KR 1019980052332A KR 19980052332 A KR19980052332 A KR 19980052332A KR 100313870 B1 KR100313870 B1 KR 100313870B1
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motion vector
macroblock
motion
motion vectors
vector prediction
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KR19990066826A (en
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지앙타오 웬
존 디. 빌라세노
박정훈
박동식
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윤종용
삼성전자 주식회사
린다 에스. 스티븐슨
더 리전트 오브 더 유니버시티 오브 캘리포니아
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    • H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
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    • H04N19/164—Feedback from the receiver or from the transmission channel
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    • H04N19/513—Processing of motion vectors
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Abstract

PURPOSE: A method for predicting a motion vector is provided to decode a motion vector lost after the occurrence of an error by performing backward decoding even when information is lost due to an error during information transfer. CONSTITUTION: A motion vector of a macro block is calculated. If one motion vector exists in every macro block, a motion vector is predicted sequentially from the left to the right. If one macro block(22) has four motion vectors(221,222,223,224), the four motion vectors are continuously predicted in a specific order to make predictions have correlation. When compressing video signals by an MPEG-4(Moving Picture Expert Group Layer-4) or an H.263 standard, motion vectors are predicted while the correlation of motion vectors is sustained. Therefore, two-way decoding is possible in packet transfer, and improved error resilience is obtained.

Description

움직임 벡터 예측방법{Motion vector prediction method}Motion vector prediction method

본 발명은 움직임 벡터 예측방법에 관한 것으로서, 특히 에러허용모드(error resilient mode)에서의 움직임 벡터 예측(motion vector prediction)방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a motion vector prediction method, and more particularly, to a motion vector prediction method in an error resilient mode.

일반적으로, 동영상을 압축하기 위해서는 동영상이 가지고 있는 중복성를 효율적으로 제거하여야 한다. 동영상전문가그룹(MPEG : moving picture experts group)에서는 움직임추정 방법을 사용하고 있다. 이는 현재 프레임을 여러개의 매크로블록으로 나눈 다음, 각각의 매크로블록에 대해 주어진 탐색영역내에서 이전 프레임의 여러 매크로블록과 비교하여 기준블록과 상이도를 계산한 후, 상이도가 가장 작은 블록을 찾아내어 기준블록과 정합블록의 위치차이를 나타내는 움직임 벡터를 구한다. 움직임벡터예측은 부호화를 위하여 현재 블록의 움직임벡터를 그대로 부호화하는 것이 아니라 예측된 움직임 벡터와 현재 블록의 실제 움직임 벡터의 차이를 부호화하여 그 부호화효율을 높이는 방법을 사용한다.In general, in order to compress a video, the redundancy of the video must be effectively removed. The moving picture experts group (MPEG) uses a motion estimation method. It divides the current frame into several macroblocks, calculates the reference block and the difference between the macroblocks of the previous frame in the given search area for each macroblock, and then finds the block with the smallest difference. The motion vector representing the positional difference between the reference block and the matching block is obtained. The motion vector prediction uses a method of encoding the difference between the predicted motion vector and the actual motion vector of the current block instead of encoding the motion vector of the current block as it is, so as to increase the coding efficiency.

도 1은 일반적인 MEG-4와 H.263 표준에서 적용되는 움직임 예측방법과 부호화순서를 설명하기 위한 도면이다.1 is a diagram for explaining a motion prediction method and a coding order applied to the general MEG-4 and H.263 standards.

도 1에서, 참조번호 10 내지 18은 16픽셀16픽셀으로 구성되며, 참조번호 10, 16은 1개의 움직임 벡터를 갖는 매크로블록이고, 참조번호 12 , 14, 18은 MPEG-4 또는 H.263 표준에서 허용되는 한개의 매크로블록이 88블록으로 구분되어, 1개의 매크로블록에 4개의 움직임 벡터를 갖게 되는 경우를 나타낸다.In Fig. 1, reference numerals 10 to 18 denote 16 pixels. Consists of 16 pixels, reference numerals 10 and 16 denote macroblocks with one motion vector, and reference numerals 12, 14 and 18 denote 8 macroblocks allowed by the MPEG-4 or H.263 standard. It is divided into 8 blocks and represents a case in which four motion vectors are included in one macroblock.

여기서, 각 움직임 벡터의 차를 전송하기 위해서는 매크로블록(10)에서 실선의 화살표 방향으로 매크로블록(12, 14)에서 각각 위쪽 소블록(121, 122, 141, 142)과 아래쪽 소블록(123, 124, 143, 144)에 대해서 별도로 움직임 벡터예측을 진행한다. 이때, 위쪽 소블록(142)에서 산출된 움직임 벡터와 매크로블록(16)과 매크로블록(18)의 소블록(181 내지 184)의 움직임벡터간에 서로 상관관계를 가지며 움직임벡터예측을 수행하지만, 소블록(144)의 움직임 벡터와 매크로블록(16)과의 움직임 벡터간에는 움직임벡터예측을 수행하지 않고, 매크로블록(16)에서 아래쪽 소블록(183, 184)으로 움직임벡터 예측(prediction)을 진행한다.Here, in order to transmit the difference of each motion vector, the upper small blocks 121, 122, 141, and 142 and the lower small blocks 123, respectively, in the macro blocks 12 and 14 in the direction of the solid arrow in the macro block 10, respectively. 124, 143, and 144 separately perform motion vector prediction. At this time, the motion vector calculated in the upper small block 142 and the motion vectors of the small blocks 181 to 184 of the macro block 16 and the macro block 18 have a correlation with each other and perform the motion vector prediction. The motion vector prediction is performed from the macroblock 16 to the lower small blocks 183 and 184 without performing the motion vector prediction between the motion vector of the block 144 and the motion vector of the macroblock 16. .

따라서, 에러가 발생되었을 경우에 백워드(backward)로 매크로블록(16)에서 소블록(142)으로 움직임벡터의 복호가 가능하나, 매크로블록(12)의 아래쪽 소블록(123)에서 에러가 발생하였을 경우에는 매크로블록(16)으로부터 움직임 벡터의 예측부호를 이용하여 백워드로 소블록(144)과 그 좌측 블록(143)의 움직임 벡터를 산출하는 것이 불가능하였다.Therefore, when an error occurs, the motion vector can be decoded from the macroblock 16 to the small block 142 backward, but an error occurs in the small block 123 below the macroblock 12. In this case, it is impossible to calculate the motion vector of the small block 144 and its left block 143 in the backward direction using the prediction code of the motion vector from the macroblock 16.

이로 인하여, 에러가 발생되면 에러가 발생된 이후의 블록들에 대하여는 복호가 불가능하여 움직임 벡터값의 손실이 크게 되고, 에러은폐방법을 이용하는 경우에도 손실된 정보가 큰 문제점이 있었다.For this reason, when an error occurs, decoding of blocks after the error is impossible, so that the loss of the motion vector value increases, and even when the error concealment method is used, the lost information has a big problem.

본 발명은 상술한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 창출된 것으로서, 전송시에 에러에 의해 정보가 손실되었을 경우에도 백워드 방향으로 복호를 하여 에러발생 이후에 손실된 움직임벡터에 대하여 복원이 가능한 움직임 벡터 예측 부호화 방법을 제공하는 데 목적이 있다.The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and even when information is lost due to an error in transmission, the motion vector predictive encoding can be performed in the backward direction to recover the lost motion vector after the error occurs. The purpose is to provide a method.

도 1은 일반적인 MEG-4와 H.263 표준에서 적용되는 움직임 예측방법과 부호화순서를 설명하기 위한 도면이다.1 is a diagram for explaining a motion prediction method and a coding order applied to the general MEG-4 and H.263 standards.

도 2는 본 발명에 따른 에러허용모드에서의 백워드 복호가 가능한 움직임벡터 예측방법과 부호화 및 복호화 순서를 설명하기 위한 도면이다.FIG. 2 is a diagram for describing a motion vector prediction method capable of backward decoding and an encoding and decoding procedure in an error tolerant mode according to the present invention.

상기의 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명에 의한, 백워드 복호가 가능한 움직임 벡터 예측 부호화 방법은,According to the present invention for achieving the above object, a motion vector predictive encoding method capable of backward decoding,

매크로블록의 움직임벡터를 산출하는 과정; 및Calculating a motion vector of the macroblock; And

매크로블록마다 한 개의 움직임벡터를 갖는 경우 인접한 블록끼리 좌측에서 우측으로 순차적으로 일련의 순서로 움직임벡터를 예측하고 하나의 매크로블록이 4개의 움직임벡터를 갖는 경우에는 상기 4개의 움직임벡터에 대한 예측이 서로 상관 관계를 가질 수 있도록 상기 4개의 움직임벡터를 소정의 순서로 연속하여 예측하는 과정을 포함함을 특징으로 한다.In case of having one motion vector for each macroblock, adjacent blocks are predicted in a sequential order from left to right, and when one macroblock has four motion vectors, prediction for the four motion vectors is obtained. And continuously predicting the four motion vectors in a predetermined order so as to have correlation with each other.

또한, 상기 움직임벡터 예측 과정에서 하나의 매크로블록이 하나의 움직임벡터를 가지는 경우에는 좌측 또는 상기 매크로블록보다 먼저 부호화된 매크로블록의 움직임벡터를 이용하여 예측(prediction)을 수행함을 특징으로 한다.In addition, when one macroblock has one motion vector in the motion vector prediction process, prediction is performed using a motion vector of a macroblock encoded before the left or the macroblock.

또한, 상기 움직임벡터 예측 과정에서, 하나의 매크로블록이 4개의 움직임벡터를 갖는 경우에는 상기 매크로블록에서 좌측위쪽에 대한 움직임벡터에서 좌측아래쪽, 우측아래쪽, 우측위쪽의 움직임벡터 순으로 연속하여 움직임벡터를 예측함을 특징으로 한다.In addition, in the motion vector prediction process, when one macroblock has four motion vectors, the motion vectors are sequentially moved in the order of the lower left, lower right and upper right motion vectors from the motion vector for the upper left in the macroblock. It is characterized by predicting.

이하, 첨부 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 일실시예를 상세히 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

도 2는 본 발명에 따른 에러허용모드에서의 백워드 복호가 가능한 움직임벡터 예측방법과 부호화 및 복호화 순서를 설명하기 위한 도면이다.FIG. 2 is a diagram for describing a motion vector prediction method capable of backward decoding and an encoding and decoding procedure in an error tolerant mode according to the present invention.

도 2에서, 도 1과 같이 동일한 매크로블록으로 구성되어 있으며, 참조번호 참조번호 20, 26은 1개의 움직임 벡터를 갖는 매크로블록이고, 참조번호 22 , 24, 28는 한개의 매크로블록이 4개의 8픽셀8픽셀으로 구성된 소블록으로 구분되어 각 소블록마다 움직임 벡터가 산출되어, 1개의 매크로블록에 4개의 움직임 벡터를 갖게 되는 경우를 나타낸다.In FIG. 2, the same macroblocks as in FIG. 1 are used. Reference numerals 20 and 26 denote macroblocks having one motion vector, and reference numerals 22, 24, and 28 denote four macroblocks. pixel A motion vector is calculated for each small block divided into small blocks of 8 pixels, and thus shows a case in which four motion vectors are included in one macroblock.

우선 움직임벡터예측하는 순서는 도 2에서 실선의 화살표로 도시된 바와 같이 매크로블록(20)에서 순차적으로 4개의 움직임벡터를 갖는 매크로블록(22)에 대하여 참조부호 221, 223, 224, 222의 소블록 순으로 움직임벡터예측을 수행하며, 매크로블록(24)에서도 참조부호 241, 243, 244, 242의 소블록 순으로 움직임벡터 예측을 수행한다. 또한 매크로블록(26)과 매크로블록(28)에서 실선의 화살표와 동일한 순서대로 움직임벡터를 예측한다.First, the order of predicting the motion vector is indicated by reference numerals 221, 223, 224, and 222 of the macroblock 22 having four motion vectors in sequence in the macroblock 20, as shown by the solid arrows in FIG. Motion vector prediction is performed in block order, and motion vector prediction is performed in macroblock 24 in small block order of reference numerals 241, 243, 244, and 242. Also, the macroblock 26 and the macroblock 28 predict the motion vectors in the same order as the solid arrows.

따라서, 움직임벡터예측이 각 블록들의 움직임벡터간에 서로 상관관계를 이루며 연속적으로 수행되었기 때문에, 움직임벡터의 차를 전송시에 소블록(223)에서 에러가 발생하고, 매크로블록(28)이 에러가 발생한 GOB(group of block)에서 마지막 매크로블록일 경우, 백워드(backward)로 매크로블록(28)의 소블록(282)로부터 점선의 화살표 방향으로 순차적으로 복호를 수행하면 에러가 발생되지 않은 블록들의 움직임벡터를 복원할 수 있다.Therefore, since the motion vector prediction is successively performed in correlation with each other between the motion vectors of the blocks, an error occurs in the small block 223 when the difference of the motion vectors is transmitted, and the macroblock 28 generates an error. In the case of the last macroblock in the generated GOB (group of block), if the decoding is sequentially performed from the small block 282 of the macroblock 28 in the direction of the dotted line to backward, You can restore the motion vector.

본 발명은 상술한 실시예에 한정되지 않으며, 본 발명의 기술적 사상내에서 당업자에 의한 변형이 가능함을 물론이다.The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and of course, modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the technical idea of the present invention.

본 발명에 의하면, MPEG-4 또는 H.263 표준을 적용하는 영상신호 압축방법에 있어서 움직임벡터들간에 연속적으로 상관성을 유지하여 움직임벡터예측을 수행함으로써, 일정한 패킷으로 전송시 2방향(two way) 디코딩을 사용할 수 있으며, 보다 나은 에러허용(error resilient) 특성을 갖는다.According to the present invention, in the video signal compression method applying the MPEG-4 or H.263 standard, the motion vector prediction is performed by continuously maintaining the correlation between the motion vectors. Decoding can be used and has better error resilient characteristics.

Claims (3)

움직임벡터 예측방법에 있어서,In the motion vector prediction method, 매크로블록의 움직임벡터를 산출하는 과정; 및Calculating a motion vector of the macroblock; And 매크로블록마다 한 개의 움직임벡터를 갖는 경우 인접한 매크록 블록끼리 소정의 순서로 움직임벡터를 예측하고,If there is one motion vector for each macroblock, adjacent macroblocks predict the motion vectors in a predetermined order, 하나의 매크로블록이 4개의 움직임벡터를 갖는 경우에는 상기 4개의 움직임벡터에 대하여 소정의 순서로 예측하는 과정을 포함함을 특징으로 하는 움직임벡터 예측방법.If one macroblock has four motion vectors, the method includes predicting the four motion vectors in a predetermined order. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 움직임벡터 예측과정에서,The method of claim 1, wherein in the motion vector prediction process, 하나의 매크로블록이 하나의 움직임벡터를 가지는 경우에는 좌측 또는 상기 매크로블록보다 먼저 부호화된 매크로블록의 움직임벡터를 이용하여 현재 매크로블록의 움직임벡터 예측(prediction)을 수행함을 특징으로 하는 움직임벡터 예측방법.When one macroblock has one motion vector, a motion vector prediction method of performing a motion vector prediction of the current macroblock using a motion vector of a macroblock encoded before the left or the macroblock. . 제1항에 있어서, 상기 움직임벡터 예측과정에서, 하나의 매크로블록이 4개의 움직임벡터를 갖는 경우에는 상기 매크로블록에서 좌측위쪽에 대한 움직임벡터에서 좌측아래쪽, 우측아래쪽, 우측위쪽의 움직임벡터 순으로 연속하여 움직임벡터를 예측함을 특징으로 하는 움직임벡터 예측방법.The method of claim 1 , wherein in the motion vector prediction process, when one macroblock has four motion vectors, the motion vectors for the upper left in the macroblock are in the order of the lower left, lower right, and upper right motion vectors. A motion vector prediction method comprising predicting a motion vector continuously.
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