KR100249704B1 - Laser welding method - Google Patents

Laser welding method Download PDF

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Publication number
KR100249704B1
KR100249704B1 KR1019960078758A KR19960078758A KR100249704B1 KR 100249704 B1 KR100249704 B1 KR 100249704B1 KR 1019960078758 A KR1019960078758 A KR 1019960078758A KR 19960078758 A KR19960078758 A KR 19960078758A KR 100249704 B1 KR100249704 B1 KR 100249704B1
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
welding
parts
laser welding
gap
laser
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KR1019960078758A
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Korean (ko)
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KR19980059417A (en
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정창호
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정몽규
현대자동차주식회사
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20Bonding
    • B23K26/21Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24Seam welding
    • B23K26/244Overlap seam welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00Riveting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/60Preliminary treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/006Vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

본 발명의 목적은 용접헤드구조가 간단할 뿐 아니라 2개의 부품 사이의 틈새를 허용치 이내로 유지시켜 용접불량을 감소시키고 비접촉식의 장점을 최대한 살릴수 있는 2개의 부품사이의 레이저 용접방법을 제공하는데 있다.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a laser welding method between two parts, in which the welding head structure is not only simple but also maintains the clearance between the two parts within the allowable value, thereby reducing the welding defect and making the most of the non-contact advantage.

상기한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명은 2개의 부품 사이에 레이저용접 가능한 틈새를 유지시키면서 용접을 실시하는 레이저 용접방법에 있어서, 레이저 빔을 조사하여 온 용접을 실시하기에 앞서 2개의 부품사이의 틈새 발생부위를 골라서 복수개소에 미리 리벳팅을 행하므로써 틈새를 레이저 용접이 가능한 허용치 이내로 줄인후 레이저 용접을 실시하게 되는 것을 특징으로 한다.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a laser welding method for welding while maintaining a gap between the two parts, the gap between the two parts prior to performing the welding by irradiating the laser beam. It is characterized by performing laser welding after reducing the gap within the allowable value by laser welding by selecting the generating part and performing the riveting in advance in a plurality of places.

Description

2개의 부품 사이의 레이저 용접방법Laser welding method between two parts

본 발명은 2개의 부품 사이의 용접 특히 자동차 차체 패널의 레이저 용접방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a welding between two parts, in particular a laser welding method of an automobile body panel.

종래 차체조립공정중 2장의 패널을 용착시키는 방법으로는 스포트 저항용접이 많이 사용되었으나 스포트 저항용접은 차체패널 표면에 가압력을 가하면서 접촉하는 방식이고 과도한 용접 흔적을 남기게 되므로 최근에는 용접 모래와 접촉하지 아니하고 용접하는 레이저 용접이 일반적으로 사용되고 있다.Conventionally, spot resistance welding has been widely used as a method of welding two panels during a body assembly process. However, spot resistance welding is a method of contacting with pressing force on the surface of the body panel and leaves excessive welding traces. No laser welding is generally used.

그러나 레이저 용접을 적용하기 위해서는 용착될 2개의 부품 사이에 존재하는 틈새가 허용치(통상 2mm이내)이내이어야 용접이 가능하므로 부품사이의 틈새를 줄이는 방법이 간구되지 아니하면 용접이 불가능하게 된다.However, in order to apply laser welding, the gap between two parts to be welded must be within the allowable value (usually within 2mm), so welding is impossible unless the method to reduce the gap between parts is not requested.

2개의 부품사이의 틈새를 줄이기 위한 방안으로 제5도에 도시하는 것과 같이 부품(10) 표면에 가압력을 가하면서 구름접촉하는 로울러(11)를 레이저 용접헤드(12) 전방으로 돌출시키므로써 레이저 용접헤드(12)가 레이저빔을 조사하면서 이동하게 되면 로울러(11)가 항상 전방위치에서 부품(10)을 눌러서 틈새를 없애도록 하는 장치가 제안된 바 있다.In order to reduce the gap between the two parts, as shown in FIG. 5, laser welding is performed by projecting the roller 11, which is in contact with the rolling, while applying a pressing force to the surface of the part 10, in front of the laser welding head 12. When the head 12 moves while irradiating a laser beam, a device has been proposed that the roller 11 always presses the component 10 in the front position to eliminate the gap.

그러나 상기한 로울러(11) 접촉방식은 부품의 전방만을 가압하게 되므로 부품에 미치는 가압력이 불균일하여 용접시 비틀림이 발생하여 품질이 저하되는 문제점이 있다.However, since the roller 11 contact method presses only the front of the component, there is a problem in that the pressing force applied to the component is uneven, causing distortion in welding and deteriorating the quality.

또다른 방안으로는 제6도에 도시하는 것과 같이 크램프 건(12)을 사용하여 부품(13)의 양측 표면을 눌러주면서 용접을 진행하는 방법이 있는데 상기한 어느 것이나 2개의 부품 표면이 불규칙한 경우 적용이 힘들고 특정지점에만 압력을 가하는 방식이어서 부품의 비틀림에 의한 용접품질 및 용접강도 저하를 가져오고 특히 비접촉식이라는 레이저 용접의 최대장점을 전혀 살리지 못하므로써 용접헤드의 구조가 복잡해지고 다양한 지그가 필요하여 비용이 크게 증가되며 작업속도가 저하되는 것이 문제점으로 지적되고 있다.As another method, as shown in FIG. 6, there is a method in which welding is performed while pressing both surfaces of the component 13 using the clamp gun 12. Any of the above-described methods are applied when the surfaces of the two components are irregular. This hard and pressure-only method applies pressure to the weld, which reduces the welding quality and weld strength due to the torsion of the components, and in particular, the structure of the weld head is complicated and various jigs are needed because the maximum advantage of the non-contact laser welding is not saved at all. The problem is that the work speed is greatly increased and the working speed is decreased.

이에 본 발명은 상기한 문제점을 감안하여 제안된 것으로서 거의 목적으로 하는 것은 용접헤드구조가 간단할 뿐 아니라 2개의 부품 사이의 틈새를 허용치 이내로 유지시켜 용접불량을 감소시키고 비접촉식의 장점을 최대한 살릴수 있는 2개의 부품사이의 레이저 용접방법을 제공하는데 있다.Therefore, the present invention has been proposed in view of the above problems, and almost all of them have a simple welding head structure, and can maintain the gap between the two parts within an allowable range to reduce welding defects and make the most of the advantages of the non-contact type. To provide a laser welding method between two parts.

상기한 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명의 레이저 용접방법은Laser welding method of the present invention for achieving the above object

2개의 부품 사이에 레이저용접 가능한 틈새를 유지시키면서 용접을 실시하는 레이저 용접방법에 있어서,In the laser welding method of performing welding while maintaining the clearance which can be laser-welded between two components,

레이저 용접방법에 있어서, 레이저 빔을 조사하여 본 용접을 실시하기에 앞서 2개의 부품사이에 과도하게 벌어진 틈새 발생 부위를 골라서 복수개소에 미리 리벳팅을 행하므로써 2개의 부품사이의 틈새를 레이저 용접이 가능한 허용치 이내로 줄인후 레이저 용접을 실시하게 되는 것을 특징으로 한다.In the laser welding method, prior to performing the main welding by irradiating the laser beam, the laser welding is performed by selecting the excessively spaced portion between the two parts and performing riveting in advance at a plurality of places. It is characterized in that the laser welding is carried out after the reduction within the allowable value.

제1도 내지 제4도는 본 발명에 의한 2개의 부품 사이의 레이저 용접방법을 설명하기 위한 도면.1 to 4 are views for explaining a laser welding method between two parts according to the present invention.

제5도는 종래 로울러 가압방식의 레이저 용접헤드를 나타내는 도면.5 is a view showing a conventional roller presser type laser welding head.

제6도는 종래 클램프 건 방식의 레이저 용접헤드를 나타내는 도면.Figure 6 shows a laser welding head of a conventional clamp gun method.

* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1,2 : 부품 3,4 : 틈새발생부1,2: part 3,4: gap generating part

5,6 : 리벳팅(Riveting)부 7 : 용접링5,6 riveting part 7: welding ring

이하 첨부한 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 실시예에 대하여 설명한다.Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

제1도는 레이저 용접된 2개의 부품(1)(2), 즉 2개의 차체패널을 나타내는 도면으로서 양측 부품(1)(2)사이의 틈새(t)가 고르지 못하고 도중에 2개소의 큰 틈새발생부(3)(4)가 형성되어 있음을 알수 있다.FIG. 1 is a diagram showing two parts (1) (2) that are laser welded, i.e., two body panels. The gap (t) between the two parts (1) (2) is uneven, and two large gap generating parts are formed along the way. It can be seen that (3) and (4) are formed.

이와같은 부품(1)(2)의 경우 레이저용접을 실시하기 이전에 틈새발생부위(3)(4)를 사전에 리벳팅(5)(6)하므로써 제2도에 도시하는 것과 같이 양측 부품 사이의 틈새(t)를 허용치 이내, 본 발명의 경우 0.3mm이내로 줄이는 것이 가능하다.In the case of such components (1) and (2), before the laser welding, the gap generating portions (3) and (4) are riveted (5) and (6) in advance so that the two parts as shown in FIG. It is possible to reduce the gap t within the allowable value, in the case of the present invention to within 0.3mm.

즉, 용접가능한 2개의 부품사이의 틈새는 레이저 강도에 따라 다르나 틈새가 벌어지면 질수록 레이저 용접시 용접불량율이 현저히 높아지므로 양측부재의 틈새를 0.5mm이내, 보다 바람직하기로는 0.3mm 이내로 유지하는 것이 좋다.In other words, the gap between the two weldable parts depends on the laser intensity, but as the gap increases, the welding defect rate increases significantly during the laser welding. Therefore, it is preferable to keep the gap between both members within 0.5 mm, more preferably within 0.3 mm. good.

이와같은 상태에서 레이저 용접헤드를 이송시키면서 용접을 해 나가면(제3도 참조) 제4도에 도시하는 것과 같이 바느질 형상의 용접점(7)을 형성하게 되는 것이다.When welding is carried out while conveying a laser welding head in such a state (refer FIG. 3), as shown in FIG. 4, the welding point 7 of a needle shape will be formed.

이상과 같은 본 발명에 의하면 부품을 가압하기 위한 장치가 생략되어 레이저용 헤드의 구조가 간단해지므로 비용이 저감되고 부품의 비틀림이 방지되고 비접촉방식이 유지되므로 용접품질 및 용접속도가 향상되며 부품의 표면 굴곡등 형상에 구애받지 아니하므로 레이저 용접 영역이 확대되는 효과가 있다.According to the present invention as described above, since the device for pressurizing the parts is omitted, the structure of the laser head is simplified, the cost is reduced, the distortion of the parts is prevented and the non-contact method is maintained, so that the welding quality and the welding speed are improved. Since it is not limited to the shape of the surface bending, there is an effect that the laser welding area is expanded.

Claims (1)

2개의 부품 사이에 레이저용접 가능한 틈새를 유지시키면서 용접을 실시하는 레이저 용접방법에 있어서, 레이저 빔을 조사하여 본 용접을 실시하기에 앞서 2개의 부품사이에 과도하게 벌어진 틈새 발생 부위를 골라서 복수개소에 미리 리벳팅을 행하므로써 2개의 부품사이의 틈새를 레이저 용접이 가능한 허용치 이내로 줄인후 레이저 용접을 실시하게 되는 것을 특징으로 하는 2개의 부품사이의 레이저 용접방법.In the laser welding method in which welding is carried out while maintaining a gap capable of laser welding between two parts, an excessively spaced part between two parts is selected prior to the main welding by irradiating a laser beam. A method for laser welding between two parts, wherein the gap between the two parts is reduced within the allowable range for laser welding by performing riveting in advance.
KR1019960078758A 1996-12-31 1996-12-31 Laser welding method KR100249704B1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1019960078758A KR100249704B1 (en) 1996-12-31 1996-12-31 Laser welding method

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KR100249704B1 true KR100249704B1 (en) 2000-04-01

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