KR0177903B1 - Bentonite of water proofers and the method of producing thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a bentonite waterproof board used in buildings and structures, and more particularly, to a bentonite waterproof board by agglomeration of bentonite particles even when transitioned to a dry shrinkage state after gelation and expansion of bentonite particles by water. The present invention relates to a bentonite waterproof board and a method of manufacturing the same to prevent the phenomenon of cracking. In the conventional bentonite waterproof board, the bentonite particles in the dry shrinkage state after the gelation expansion by moisture causes the bentonite particles to penetrate into the gaps before the gelation expansion by the moisture when the bentonite particles are contacted with the water again. Due to this problem, the use of the ground structure in which the wet and dry conditions are repeated has been limited. The present invention is to prevent the cracking of the bentonite waterproof board even in the dry shrinkage state after gelling hoe by impregnating bentonite particles or bentonite particles and an aqueous adhesive in a scrubber or sponge-like support to solve this problem, The bentonite waterproof board according to the present invention is applicable not only to underground structures, but also to ground structures where conventional bentonite waterproof boards have not been used.

Description

Bentonite waterproof board having a loofah or sponge structure and its manufacturing method

The present invention relates to a bentonite waterproof board used for waterproofing buildings and structures, and more particularly, to prevent cracking due to dry shrinkage even if the external environment changes in a dry state after gelation and expansion of bentonite particles by moisture. The present invention relates to a bentonite waterproof board and a method of manufacturing the same.

Bentonite is a type of natural clay that expands to 10-20 times its volume when it comes into contact with water and becomes dry and shrinks to its original volume when water is not present. Most of the large-scale underground construction works Is used as a waterproofing material.

The bentonite is largely divided into sodium-based bentonite or calcium-based bentonite, and this classification is divided by whether the exchangeable ions present on the surface of the bentonite particles are sodium (Na) or calcium (Ca). In addition to the sodium-based or calcium-based bentonite, other bentonites are also scattered by exchangeable ions adsorbed on the surface of bentonite particles.

In general, bentonite, which is used for waterproofing bentonite, is generally used in sodium having the best swelling property when it comes into contact with moisture.

As a waterproof board using bentonite, sheet-type bentonite waterproof boards in which an aqueous adhesive is added on a polyvinyl or polyester coating sheet and bentonite particles are coated and dried on the aqueous adhesive are known.

The conventional sheet-type bentonite waterproof board is easy to install because it can be fixed to the earth wall or the outer wall of the underground structure with nails and washers at the time of foundation construction of the underground structure, it is easy to construct, and in the event of a defect, it is easy to repair the defect, and generally underground Since the structure is in contact with moisture at all times, the waterproof board hardly shrinks and is used mainly for waterproofing underground structures. However, when the conventional sheet-type waterproof board is applied to the roof structure of the ground structure or the outer wall of the ground structure, when the bentonite particles are contacted with water and gelled and squeezed and then the external environment is dried again, the bentonite particles are reduced to the original volume and uniform to each other. Rather than shrinking, for example, the clays in the paddy are unevenly agglomerated with each other, resulting in cracking such as cracking of the bottom of the paddy field. Therefore, the conventional sheet-type bentonite board leaks a certain amount of water before bentonite particles are fully gelled and expanded by moisture when exposed to moisture such as rainwater again by the gap of the waterproof board generated by shrinkage under dry conditions. Since there is a problem that the rainy season and dry season is a problem that is rarely used for the waterproofing of the ground structure is repeated.

In the conventional sheet-type bentonite waterproof board, the function of the sheet has a function of facilitating the construction process, such as binding to the structure of the bentonite waterproof board, and convenient transportation of the waterproof board, but usually after construction and construction As the seat car is damaged over time, it does not take direct waterproofing function.

On the other hand, in the conventional sheet-type bentonite waterproof board, even if the sheet is perfectly maintained during construction and is not damaged even after a period of time, when used for ground structures such as the roof of a building, the construction structure 120 as shown in FIG. The sheet-type bentonite waterproof rod 100 may be constructed by applying a concrete layer 110 thereon after overlapping certain portions of the sheet-shaped bentonite waterproof rod 100. In this case, the sheet-shaped bentonite waterproof board 100 is dried in a shrinkage state after gelation expansion. When contacted with moisture again at the overlapping portion 130 of the waterproof board 100, there was a problem that moisture penetrates between the gap between the seat surface 102 and the bentonite particles 103.

Also, as shown in FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 6, only the bentonite particles 203 are included between the nonwoven fabric layer 204 and the face cloth layer 205 constituting the normal sack, and then the nonwoven fabric is actually a nonwoven fabric. Bentonite waterproof cord (200) by sealing the edges of the layer 204 and the cotton cloth layer 205 with the edge 206 and then needle punching the entire inner surface of the crushed edge 206 with a thread 205 at regular intervals. ) Is used, but the bentonite particles are not dispersed in each other in a partitioned space, such as a small void, but the bentonite particles 203 are kept in a large space in the scrim layer 205 and the nonwoven fabric layer 204, thereby being waterproof. During dry shrinkage of the board 200, as in the sheet-type bentonite waterproof mode 100, the bentonite particles 203 held in a large space between the cotton cloth layer 205 and the nonwoven fabric layer 204 are non-uniformly agglomerated with each other. Bentonai As a result of the large gaps between the particles, it is not applicable to aboveground structures where dry and rainy seasons are repeated, but only in underground structures where moisture is always present. There was a problem of leakage between the tissue of the cotton or nonwoven fabric.

In view of these various problems, the inventors of the present invention impregnated a mixture of an aqueous adhesive agent and bentonite particles in a scrubber-like and sponge-like support, or a bentonite waterproof board containing bentonite particles has a gap even in a ground environment in which wet and dry conditions are repeated. It has been found that the above problems can be solved because they do not occur.

In addition, the present inventors have attempted to introduce bentonite particles or bentonite particles and the aqueous adhesive into the sponge or scrubber-like support, but the mixture of the aqueous adhesive and the bentonite particles into the scrubber- and sponge-like support has a high viscosity so that the scrubber and sponge-like supports are When water is not used to impregnate into the pores of the mixture, and water is used to lower the viscosity of the mixed solution, the bentonite particles transfer to a sticky gel state due to moisture, so that they cannot be incorporated into the scrubber or sponge-like support. Bay was to be introduced into the scrubber-like or sponge-like support, but it was also impossible to introduce into the sponge- or scrubber-like support anode because the bentonite particles were in the solid particle state.

However, when an organic solvent is used to introduce bentonite and an aqueous adhesive or bentonite into a sponge- or scouring-like support cavity, when the bentonite particles come into contact with the organic solvent, gelation hoe does not occur and penetrates into the support having a large number of pores. It has been found that a sufficient amount of bentonite or bentonite and an aqueous adhesive can penetrate into a sponge or scrubber-like support by imparting easy viscosity.

In view of the above, the bentonite waterproof board is made by incorporating bentonite particles or a mixture of bentonite and an aqueous adhesive into a sponge or scrubber-based support using an organic solvent in which bentonite particles do not gel-expand even when reacted with bentonite particles. Bentonite particles are prevented from being lost in finished products, and even when the external environment is transferred from a wet state to a dry state, the bentonite particles are evenly dispersed in a plurality of pores of a scrubber or sponge-like support to aggregate the bentonite particles together. By preventing the gap of the waterproof board to be produced, the underground structure is prevented from leaking water between the gaps between the time when bentonite particles are expanded by water even if the waterproof board is extracted again from the moisture such as rain water under dry shrinkage. But it aims to provide a bentonite waterproofing board having an excellent waterproof function even in particular on the ground structure.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing a bentonite waterproof board which can be applied to a particularly ground structure that is more waterproof and prevents cracking even when the external environment changes.

Figure 1a is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the structure of the bentonite waterproof board manufactured by an example of the manufacturing method according to the present invention.

Figure 1b is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the logic configuration of the bentonite waterproof board manufactured by the manufacturing method of another embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of an apparatus according to the practice of the present invention.

3 is a plan view of a conventional sheet-type bentonite waterproof board.

4 is a state of use of the conventional sheet-type bentonite waterproof board.

Figure 5a is a plan view of a bentonite waterproof board using a conventional nonwoven fabric.

5b is a bottom view of a bentonite waterproof board in which a conventional nonwoven fabric is applied.

6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a bentonite waterproof board using a conventional nonwoven fabric.

In order to achieve the above object, a feature of the present invention is bentonite using an organic solvent so that bentonite particles or bentonite particles and an aqueous adhesive can be evenly penetrated into a support having many small pores therein, such as a sponge phase or a loofah phase. It is to inhibit the premature hydration expansion of the particles and to provide a viscosity that is easy to penetrate into the support so that the bentonite particles or bentonite particles and the aqueous adhesive can be impregnated into the sponge-like or scrubber-based support.

In the present invention, the bentonite particles are not hydrated and expanded even when the organic solvent is in contact with the bentonite particles. Thus, even if the organic solvent and the bentonite are mixed, the bentonite particles do not cause gelation expansion due to moisture, and the low viscosity of the organic solvent is in the support. It provides a viscosity that allows for penetration into the furnace.

The organic solvent used in the present invention may have any viscosity as long as it can penetrate into the pores of the scrubber-like or sponge-like structure. However, in the finished waterproof board, the organic solvent may be bentonite particles or bentonite and the aqueous adhesive. The volatile organic solvent which is removed by evaporation in the natural state is preferable because the bentonite particles in the waterproofing board must be removed after being impregnated into a scrubber or sponge-like support. The volatile organic solvent is not particularly limited, but thinner, acetone or alcohol is particularly preferable. Alcohol may be used commercially available industrial alcohol.

In addition, the bentonite particles used in the present invention have the best swelling characteristics and are applicable to sodium-based bentonites, as well as sodium-based bentonites, whose total amount depends on imports from abroad, and the size of the grains is usually sold as a narrow millet. If the size is enough.

Bentonite waterproof board according to the present invention is dried after hydration expansion of bentonite particles by moisture such as rain water by impregnating a liquid mixture of an organic solvent and bentonite particles or an organic solvent, bentonite particles and an aqueous adhesive on a sponge-like and scrubber-like support Bentonite particles are returned to the pores inside the support when contracted by the state to prevent the occurrence of cracks generated by the agglomeration of the bentonites unevenly, so that the bentonite waterproof board is in contact with water, and the bentonite waterproof board is gelated and expanded. Even if the waterproof board is dried and contracted again due to the change of environment, it is configured to prevent the crack of the plate-shaped bentonite waterproof board.

Such a structure in which bentonite particles are included in a specific support is disclosed in the bentonite waterproof board 200 using the nonwoven fabrics of FIGS. 5 and 6, but the bentonite waterproof board 200 using the nonwoven fabric disclosed above is a support. The bentonite particles 203 contained in the layers 204 and 205 are not located in a number of small voids as in the present invention, but the edges of the nonwoven fabric layer 204 and the scrim layer 205 are enclosed by the edge 206. Since the entire inner surface of the sealed edge 206 is needle punched into the thread 205 at regular intervals, the bentonite particles 203 are freely dispersed in the integrally formed structure, such as a combined bag, and thus, in a hydrated state. When the external environment is changed to a dry state in the bentonite particles 203 existing between the nonwoven fabric layer 204 and the scrim layer 205 unevenly agglomerated with each other The bentonite boards (1) and (2) of the present invention have a structure as shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b, even if they are dried in a wet state because of the structure shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b. As the bentonite particles 3 are uniformly dispersed in the pores of the support 4 to prevent the bentonite waterproof board from being cracked, the waterproof board 200 using the conventional nonwoven fabric has a fundamental difference in structure and operation.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1a is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the structure of the bentonite waterproof board (1) manufactured by an example manufacturing method according to the present invention, the bentonite particles (3) or bentonite particles ( 3) and an aqueous adhesive (not shown) are evenly infiltrated.

Figure 1b is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the structure of the bentonite waterproof board 2 manufactured by the manufacturing method of another embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1a to prevent the loss of bentonite particles (3) attached to the surface of the support 4 On both sides of the bentonite waterproof board (1) shown in the aqueous adhesive (5) was applied to dry curing.

Bentonite waterproof boards (1) and (2) manufactured as described above have a certain degree of strength on the bentonite boards (1) and (2) by a sponge-like or scrubber-like support 4 during hydration expansion of bentonite particles (3). Imparting and inducing each bentonite particle 3 into the pores of the support 4 during dry shrinkage, thereby preventing the occurrence of gaps between the bentonite particles due to agglomeration of the bentonite particles, thereby expanding the gelation of the bentonite particles by moisture. It is configured to prevent the rain water from leaking between the gaps between bentonite particles of the waterproof board between the bentonite waterproof board gaps during the time of hydration and expansion even after being exposed to rainwater, etc. have.

The support 4 preferably has a sponge-like or scrubber-like structure having enough small voids therein to hold a sufficient amount of bentonite particles 3, and is preferably used for an aqueous adhesive and an organic solvent (not shown). The chemical resistance and the elastic rubber component or nylon fibers are preferably made of a material so as not to cause physical damage even in the state of hydration expansion and dry shrinkage of the bentonite particles 3, but it is particularly preferable that the nylon fibers are made of a material.

The adhesive is not particularly limited, but polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and starch syrup are preferably used.

Hereinafter, the embodiment according to the manufacture of bentonite waterproof board according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to a schematic side cross-sectional view of the device shown in FIG.

EXAMPLE

(1) manufacturing process

This process prepares a scrubbed support 4 of about 4-7 mm thickness made of nylon fibers.

In this process, the support does not necessarily have to be a loofah, but a structure having small pores therein, and may have any structure that can penetrate moisture.

The width and length of the support are not particularly limited, and the width of the support 4 may be determined according to the size of the finished product.

(2) mixing process

The volatile solvent does not evaporate 47.3-45% by weight of one volatile organic solvent selected from polyvinyl alcohol or starch syrup, acetone, alcohol or thinner, and 52.5-43% by weight of calcium-based bentonite particles as an aqueous adhesive component. Evenly, the mixture is evenly mixed using a common agitator (stirrer) so as to evenly mix in the sealed container 20.

At this time, optionally, as shown in FIG. 2, the mixing process may be performed while adding bentonite particles in another closed container 21 to the mixed solution of the aqueous adhesive system and the organic solvent. The final concentration of the mixture of the aqueous adhesive, the volatile organic solvent, and the bentonite particles may be further added to the process in an appropriate amount of organic solvent to maintain the viscosity of commercially available milk.

(3) impregnation process

Except for the portion through which the support 4 passes so that the bentonite particles, the volatile organic solvent, and the aqueous adhesive mixture solution which have undergone the mixing process are not dried or cured, the support 4 is closed by a roller in a sealed container 22. The bentonite particles, the volatile organic solvent and the polyvinyl alcohol mixture solution of about 5 to 25 minutes at about 25-27 ℃ temperature.

(4) drying and curing process

The material obtained by impregnating the mixed solution containing the bentonite particles in the support 4 is dried in the drying chamber 11 at about 40-100 ° C. for about 4 hours to almost volatilize the volatile organic solvent and at the same time the aqueous adhesive component. Dry cured to allow the bentonite particles to completely adhere to the voids in the support to provide a primary processed bentonite waterproof board.

(5) application and secondary drying process

After applying the aqueous adhesive to the surface of the primary processed bentonite waterproof board (1) to the surface of the primary processed bentonite waterproof board (1) to prevent delamination of the bentonite particles on the surface of the primary bentonite waterproof board (1) 40- 40- The secondary drying (13) for about 10-20 minutes in a drying room at about 100 ℃.

This coating and secondary drying process is not necessarily required, and may be optionally used as the primary processed bentonite waterproof board 1 which has undergone only the first to fifth processes.

Example 2

(1) 1st process, (3) impregnation process, and (4) drying and hardening process of this Example 2 were the same as Example 1.

(2) 2nd process (mixing process)

This process is the same as in Example 1 except that the bentonite particles and the organic solvent are mixed in a weight ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 1.4 without adding an aqueous adhesive component.

(5) application and secondary drying process

This process is the same as in Example 1, but is not optional, unlike Example 1, since bentonite particles are not fixed in the pores of the support because the aqueous adhesive component is not included in the mixed solution contained in the support.

Example 3

The following comparative tests are carried out to demonstrate the usefulness of the bentonite preservative boards of the invention made in accordance with Examples 1 and 2 in underground and especially aboveground structures.

The test was carried out on a bentonite waterproof board having a width of 60 cm x 30 cm, respectively, and the test conditions were that each of the bentonite waterproof boards was sufficiently immersed in water to be wet expanded by moisture, and then dried in a natural state for 5-7 hours to shrink. It is the result of measuring after bringing into a state.

The maximum spacing, maximum length and number of gaps of bentonite waterproof board under dry shrinkage are shown in the table.

In the following measurement results, the gap generated in the bentonite waterproof board using the conventional nonwoven fabric is a result of removing the nonwoven fabric and the hemp cloth surrounding the bentonite particles.

In addition, the length of the gap generated during drying shrinkage is caused by agglomeration of bentonite, not a straight line, and the circumference of the gap is generally measured.

In addition, gaps not penetrating the surface of the waterproof board, that is, gaps formed only on the surface, were excluded from the measurement.

As can be seen from the above table, the occurrence of cracks in dry shrinkage state, which shows the usefulness of the waterproofing material to the ground structure, resulted in an average of about 80 pieces of the sheet-type bentonite waterproofing material per 60 × 30 cm ^3, and the maximum number of gaps occurred. The gap is about 4.5mm, and the maximum length of the gap is about 5,7cm. In the case of bentonite waterproof board using nonwoven table, about 100 gaps per 60 × 30 (cm ³ ) occurred on average. The maximum spacing of about is about 5, 2mm, the maximum length of the gap is about 7.8cm compared to the bentonite waterproof board of the present invention can be seen that almost no gap even if the dry shrinkage state after gelation expansion.

As apparent from the above test results, the bentonite waterproof board of the present invention is almost completely prevented from cracking of the waterproof board even in the dry shrinkage state after gelation expansion, and not only in the underground structure, but also in the ground where the gelation hoes and dry shrinkage processes are repeated. It is possible to show the effect of perfect waterproofing even in the structure.

Claims (11)

Bentonite waterproof board, characterized in that the impregnated with a mixed solution consisting of an organic solvent, an aqueous adhesive and bentonite particles on a support having a plurality of pores therein. The bentonite waterproof board according to claim 1, wherein the support has a sponge or loofah structure. The bentonite waterproof board according to claim 1, wherein the support is made of nylon fibers. The bentonite waterproof board according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous adhesive is starch syrup or polyvinyl alcohol. The bentonite waterproof board according to claim 1, wherein the mixed solution composed of the organic solvent, the aqueous adhesive, and the bentonite particles is composed of 47.3-48 wt%, 9-10.2 wt%, and 42.5-43 wt%, respectively. The bentonite waterproof board according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of acetone, thinner and alcohol. After impregnating and drying a mixed solution containing an organic solvent, an aqueous adhesive, and bentonite particles in a scrubber-like or sponge-like support having a large number of pores therein, polyvinyl alcohol is applied to the surface of the support containing the mixed solution and dried. Bentonite waterproof board characterized in that. A bentonite waterproof board, characterized in that it is made by impregnating and drying a mixed solution composed of an organic solvent and bentonite particles on a support having a plurality of pores therein, and then applying polyvinyl alcohol to the surface of the support containing the mixed solution to dry it. 47,3-48% by weight of organic solvent, 9-10.2% by weight of starch syrup or polyvinyl alcohol as a water-based adhesive component, and 42.5-43% by weight of bentonite particles, a scrubbed or sponge-like structure having a large number of pores therein And impregnating the support with a temperature of about 24 to 34 ° C., and then drying the support containing the mixed solution in a drying chamber at about 40 to 100 ° C. for about 4 hours. 47.3-48% by weight of organic solvent, 9-10.2% by weight of starch syrup or polyvinyl alcohol as an aqueous adhesive component, and 42.5-48% by weight of bentonite particles, with a scrubbed or sponge-like structure having many voids therein. After impregnating into the support at a temperature of about 24-34 ° C., the support containing the liquid mixture was dried in a drying chamber at about 40-100 ° C. for about 4 hours, and then polyvinyl alcohol was applied to the surface of the support containing the liquid mixture. Method of producing a bentonite waterproof board, characterized in that after the second drying for about 20 minutes in a drying room of about 40-100 ℃. 50-55% by weight of the organic solvent and 45-50% by weight of the bentonite particles were impregnated into a scrubbed or sponge-like structure having a plurality of pores therein at a temperature of about 24-34 ° C. After drying the support containing the mixed solution in a drying chamber at about 40-100 ° C. for about 4 hours, polyvinyl alcohol was applied to the surface of the support containing the mixed solution, and then in a drying chamber at about 40-100 ° C. for about 20 minutes. Bentonite waterproof board manufacturing method characterized in that the second drying.