KR0159556B1 - Methd of manufacturing a permanent magnet - Google Patents

Methd of manufacturing a permanent magnet Download PDF

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Publication number
KR0159556B1
KR0159556B1 KR1019940008374A KR19940008374A KR0159556B1 KR 0159556 B1 KR0159556 B1 KR 0159556B1 KR 1019940008374 A KR1019940008374 A KR 1019940008374A KR 19940008374 A KR19940008374 A KR 19940008374A KR 0159556 B1 KR0159556 B1 KR 0159556B1
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mold die
magnetic material
molten
permanent magnet
manufacturing
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KR1019940008374A
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Korean (ko)
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KR950030175A (en
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오승택
양성철
정태승
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정몽원
만도기계주식회사
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
    • H01F41/0273—Imparting anisotropy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/06—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)

Abstract

본 발명은 영구자석의 제조공정이 적고 간단하게 이루어지도록 함으로써 제조비용을 줄일 수 있고, 특히 이방성 영구자석의 제작에 유리하며 자기적 특성을 향상시킬 수 있는 영구자석 제조방법에 관한 것으로, 건(Gun)(1)내의 열원(2)으로 발생된 고온의 전기적 아아크(Arc)(3)에 불활성가스(4)를 공급하여 화염(5)를 발생하고 이 화염에 분말상태의 자성재료(7)를 공급하여 용융상태의 자성재료가 노즐(6)을 통해 분사되도록 하는 단계와, 기판(9)상에 설치된 몰드다이(8)를 상기 건(1)의 노즐(6)로 부터 소정거리 이격된 지점에 위치시켜 몰드다이(8)에 용융상태의 자성재료가 적충되도록 하는 단계와, 상기 몰드다이(8)에 적층되어 성형된 몰딩물(10)을 몰드다이(8)로 부터 분리하여 자화시키는 단계로 제조된다. 이때 상기 몰드다이(8)가 위치된 기판(9) 뒷면에 전자석(11)을 구비하고 용융재료의 분사와 동시에 전류를 흘려 자화시킴으로써 이방성 영구자석의 제조가 가능하도록 하고, 상기 기판(9)을 회전시켜 분사되는 용융재료가 몰드다이(8)에 균일하게 적충되도록 하며, 상기 분무노즐(6)과 몰드다이(8)의 거리(L)는 약 64-152㎜로 제조한다.The present invention relates to a permanent magnet manufacturing method which can reduce the manufacturing cost by making the manufacturing process of the permanent magnets small and simple, and is particularly advantageous for the production of anisotropic permanent magnets and can improve the magnetic properties. Inert gas (4) is supplied to the high temperature electric arc (3) generated by the heat source (2) in the (1) to generate a flame (5), and the magnetic material (7) in powder form is applied to the flame. Supplying a molten magnetic material to be sprayed through the nozzle 6, and a mold die 8 installed on the substrate 9 spaced apart from the nozzle 6 of the gun 1 by a predetermined distance. Placing the molten magnetic material in the mold die 8 so that the molten magnetic material is accumulated in the mold die 8, and separating and magnetizing the molding 10 laminated and molded on the mold die 8 from the mold die 8. Is manufactured. At this time, the electromagnet 11 is provided on the back of the substrate 9 on which the mold die 8 is located, and the magnetization is made by flowing a current at the same time as the injection of the molten material, thereby enabling the manufacture of the anisotropic permanent magnet. The molten material that is rotated and sprayed is uniformly accumulated in the mold die 8, and the distance L between the spray nozzle 6 and the mold die 8 is manufactured to about 64-152 mm.

Description

영구자석 제조방법Permanent Magnet Manufacturing Method

제1도는 본 발명에 따른 영구자석 제조공정을 설명하기 위한 개략구성도.1 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining a permanent magnet manufacturing process according to the present invention.

* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1 : 건(Gun) 2 : 열원1: Gun 2: Heat source

4 : 불활성가스 6 : 노즐4: inert gas 6: nozzle

7 : 자성재료 8 : 몰드다이7: magnetic material 8: mold die

9 : 기판 10 : 몰딩물9 substrate 10 moldings

11 : 전자석11: electromagnet

본 발명은 영구자석 제조방법에 관한 것으로서, 특히 제조공정이 단순화되고 등방성 또는 이방성 영구자석의 제조가 용이하며 자기적 특성을 향상시킬 수 있도록 한 영구자석 제조방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing permanent magnets, and more particularly, to a method of manufacturing permanent magnets, which simplifies the manufacturing process, facilitates the production of isotropic or anisotropic permanent magnets, and improves magnetic properties.

일반적으로 영구자석의 제조방법은 Nd-Fe-B 등과 같은 자성재질을 용해한 후 급냉시켜 잉곳(Ingot)으로 제조한 다음 분쇄하여 분말상태로 만들고, 상기 분말상태의 자성재질을 자장 프레스로 성형한 후 소결 열처리함으로써 제조된다. 또한 다른 방법으로는 상기 분말상태의 자성재질에 유기 바인더(Binder)를 혼합하여 자장 프레스로 성형함으로써 프라스틱 결합 영구자석이 제조된다.In general, a method of manufacturing a permanent magnet is dissolved in a magnetic material such as Nd-Fe-B and then quenched to make an ingot and then pulverized into a powder state, and the magnetic material of the powder state is molded by a magnetic press It is manufactured by sintering heat treatment. In another method, a plastic-bonded permanent magnet is manufactured by mixing an organic binder with the powdered magnetic material and molding a magnetic field press.

영구자석에는 그 자기적 특성상 등방성과 이방성 영구자석이 있다. 등방성(等方性) 영구자석이란, 방향에 따라서 물질의 물리적 성질이 달라지지 않는 것을 말하는 것으로 일반적으로 상술한 바와 같은 제조방법에 의해 결정방향이 랜덤(random)한 상태에서 제조되어진다.Permanent magnets have isotropic and anisotropic permanent magnets due to their magnetic characteristics. Isotropic permanent magnets are those in which the physical properties of the substance do not vary depending on the orientation. Generally, the isotropic permanent magnet is manufactured in a state in which the crystal orientation is random by the manufacturing method described above.

또한 이방성(異方性) 영구자석이란, 일반적으로 강자성 재료에는 결정(結晶) 방향에 대응한 자화(磁化)되기 쉬운 방향이 있기 때문에 그 방향으로 결정을 정돈하거나 길쭉한 입자의 긴쪽 축을 가지런히 정돈함으로써 자기에 이방성을 띠게 하여 자기적 성능을 향상시킨 것을 말하는 것으로, 이의 제조방법은 분말상태의 자성재질을 1차 프레스 성형한 후 다시 일정한 온도로 가열한 다음 압력을 가하여 성형하는 단조(Forging) 공정을 행하면서 자장을 걸어 제조하거나 원료 분말을 자장중성형후 소결을 실시하여 제조하게 된다.In addition, anisotropic permanent magnets generally have a direction in which ferromagnetic materials tend to be magnetized corresponding to a crystal direction, so that crystals are arranged in the direction or the long axis of elongated particles is aligned. It means that the magnetic performance is improved by making the magnetism anisotropic. The manufacturing method thereof is a forging process in which a powdery magnetic material is first press-molded, heated to a constant temperature, and then molded by applying pressure. It is produced by applying a magnetic field while the raw material powder is produced or subjected to sintering after magnetic field molding.

그러나 이와 같은 영구자석 제조방법은 자성재질을 분말상태로 프레스성형하기 때문에 제조공정이 많고 복잡하며, 제조변수 또한 많아 제조비용이 많이 든다. 그리고 재질을 이방화 할 경우에는 아주 미세한 분말형태로 분쇄하기 때문에 미분내에 밀링 스트레인(Milling Strain)이 생성되고 그레인(Grain) 형상에 역자구(逆磁區) 생성이 용이하게 되어 결국 보자력을 떨어 뜨린다. 따라서 열처리 공정으로 풀림처리를 하고 있으나 완전히 보상할 수 없기 때문에 자기적 특성이 저하되는 문제점이 있었던 것이다.However, such a permanent magnet manufacturing method is press-molded magnetic material in the form of a powder, so the manufacturing process is many and complicated, and the manufacturing parameters are also high, manufacturing costs are high. And when anisotropic material is crushed into a very fine powder form, milling strain is generated within the fine powder, and inverse magnetic domains are easily generated in the grain shape, thus reducing coercive force. . Therefore, the annealing process is performed by the heat treatment process, but the magnetic properties are deteriorated because it cannot be completely compensated.

본 발명은 상기와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위해 발명된 것으로, 그 목적은 영구자석의 제조공정이 적고 간단하게 이루어지도록 함으로써 제조비용을 줄일 수 있고, 특히 이방성 영구자석의 제작에 유리하며 자기적 특성을 향상시킬 수 있는 영구자석 제조방법을 제공하는데 있다.The present invention has been invented to solve the above problems, the object of which is to reduce the manufacturing cost by making the manufacturing process of the permanent magnet less and simple, in particular, it is advantageous for the production of anisotropic permanent magnet and magnetic properties It is to provide a permanent magnet manufacturing method that can be improved.

상기의 목적은 건(Gun)내의 열원으로 발생된 고온의 전기적 아아크(Arc)에 불활성가스를 공급하여 화염을 발생하고 이 화염에 분말상태의 자성재로를 공급하여 용융상태의 자성재료가 노즐을 통해 분사되도록 하는 단계와, 기판상에 설치된 몰드다이를 상기 건의 노즐로 부터 소정거리 이격된 지점에 위치시켜 몰드다이에 용융상태의 자성재료가 적충되도록 하는 단계와, 상기 몰드다이에 적층되어 성형된 몰딩물을 몰드다이로 부터 분리하여 자화시키는 단계를 포함하여 됨을 특징으로 하는 영구자석 제조방법에 의해 달성될 수 있다.The above object is to supply an inert gas to a high temperature electrical arc generated as a heat source in the gun to generate a flame, and to supply the flame with a powdered magnetic material so that the molten magnetic material Spraying through the mold, and placing a mold die installed on the substrate at a point spaced apart from the nozzle of the gun by a predetermined distance so that the magnetic material in the molten state is accumulated in the mold die; It can be achieved by a permanent magnet manufacturing method comprising the step of separating the molding from the mold die and magnetized.

또한 본 발명은 상기 몰드다이가 위치된 기판 뒷면에 전자석을 위치시켜 전류를 흘림으로써 분사와 동시에 자화시킴을 특징으로 하는 영구자석 제조방법에 의해 달성될 수 있다.In another aspect, the present invention can be achieved by a permanent magnet manufacturing method characterized in that the magnet is placed at the back of the substrate on which the mold die is located to flow a current to magnetize at the same time as the injection.

이하, 본 발명에 따른 영구자석 제조방법을 첨부도면에 의하여 상세하게 설명한다. 도시된 바와 같이 본 발명의 영구자석 제조방법은 플라즈마(Plasma) 분가 성형방식인 것으로, 건(1)내에서 텅스텐 캐소우드와 구리 애노우드(ANODE) 사이에서 전기를 주입시켜, 같은 열원(2)으로 고온의 전기적 아아크(3)를 발생하고, 상기 전기적 아아크에 불활성가스(Ar, N2, He)(4)를 공급하면, 가스분자들이 이온으로 분해되어 가스 화염(5)이 발생한다. 이 때의 온도는 대략 섭씨 16500도 이고, 이 가스 화염은 노즐(6)을 통해 분사된다.Hereinafter, a permanent magnet manufacturing method according to the present invention will be described in detail by the accompanying drawings. As shown, the permanent magnet manufacturing method of the present invention is a plasma powder forming method, and injects electricity between a tungsten cathode and a copper anode in the gun 1 to heat the same heat source 2. When the high-temperature electrical arc 3 is generated and inert gas (Ar, N2, He) 4 is supplied to the electrical arc, gas molecules are decomposed into ions to generate a gas flame 5. The temperature at this time is approximately 16500 degrees Celsius, and this gas flame is injected through the nozzle 6.

상기와 같이 건의 노즐(6)로 부터 분사되는 화염에 분말형태의 자성재료(7)를 공급하면, 분말상태의 자성재료(7)가 고온의 화염에 의해 용해되어 용융상태로 분사된다. 이와 같이 분사되는 용융상태의 자성재료는 전방에 구비한 몰드다이(8) 상으로 분사되어 적충된다.When the magnetic material 7 in powder form is supplied to the flame sprayed from the nozzle 6 of the gun as described above, the magnetic material 7 in powder form is melted by the high temperature flame and sprayed in the molten state. The magnetic material in the molten state injected in this way is injected onto the mold die 8 provided in the front to be filled.

상기 몰드다이(8)와 건(1)의 노즐(6) 사이거리(L)는 대략 64-152㎜ 로 이격시키는 것이 바람직하고, 이는 용융재료의 분사시 접착강도를 좋게 하며 재료 회수율을 좋게 하는 잇점이 있다. 또한 건(1)의 분사각(θ)은 몰드다이(8)의 수직방향에 대해 약 10-20도를 유지하는 것이 좋고 바람직하기로는 15도로 하는 것이 접착강도 및 용착효율을 증대시킨다. 상기 몰드다이(8)는 기판(9)상에 고정하고, 상기 기판(9)은 통상적인 회전수단(도시 안됨)에 의해 회전시킴으로써 몰드다이(8)에 용융재료가 균일하게 적층되도록 한다. 이와 같이 하여 몰드다이(8)에 적층된 용융재료를 급냉시켜 몰드다이(8)로 부터 분리하면 몰드다이(8)의 형상과 대응하는 형상의 몰딩물(10)을 얻을 수 있다. 따라서 상기 몰딩물(10)에 자장을 걸어 자화시킴으로써 등방성 영구자석을 제조하게 된다. 이때 상기 영구자석의 형상은 몰드다이(8)의 형상에 의해 결정되므로 원하는 형상의 영구자석을 제조하기 위해서는 이에 상응하는 형상의 몰드다이(8)를 먼저 만들어야 하고, 상기 몰드다이(8)의 제조는 쉽기 때문에 다양한 형상의 몰드다이 제작이 가능하다. 따라서 영구자석의 형상을 크기, 설치구조, 기능등에 따른 형태에 구애받지 않고 다양하게 제조할 수 있는 잇점이 있다.The distance L between the mold die 8 and the nozzle 6 of the gun 1 is preferably spaced approximately 64-152 mm, which improves the adhesive strength and the material recovery rate when spraying the molten material. There is an advantage. In addition, the injection angle θ of the gun 1 is preferably maintained at about 10-20 degrees with respect to the vertical direction of the mold die 8, and preferably 15 degrees to increase the adhesive strength and welding efficiency. The mold die 8 is fixed on the substrate 9, and the substrate 9 is rotated by conventional rotating means (not shown) so that the molten material is uniformly stacked on the mold die 8. In this way, when the molten material laminated on the mold die 8 is quenched and separated from the mold die 8, a molding 10 having a shape corresponding to the shape of the mold die 8 can be obtained. Therefore, the magnetic field is magnetized to the molding 10 to produce an isotropic permanent magnet. In this case, since the shape of the permanent magnet is determined by the shape of the mold die 8, in order to manufacture a permanent magnet of a desired shape, a mold die 8 having a corresponding shape must first be manufactured, and the mold die 8 is manufactured. It is easy to manufacture mold dies of various shapes. Therefore, there is an advantage in that the shape of the permanent magnet can be produced in a variety of forms regardless of the size, installation structure, function, and the like.

또한 도면에 도시된 바와 같이 몰드다이(8)와 대향하는 위치의 기판(9) 뒷면에 전자석(11)을 구비하고, 용융재료의 분사와 동시에 전자석(11)으로 전류를 흘려 보내게 되면, 전자석(11)에 형성된 자장이 몰드다이(8)에 적층되는 몰딩물(10)에 유기되어 이방성 영구자석을 제조할 수 있게 된다. 이 때 몰드다이(8)에 적층되는 몰딩물(10)은 용융상태에서 응고되어가는 과정이므로 결정을 일방향으로 정렬시키는 것이 용이하여 이방성 영구자석의 제조가 용이하고 자기적 특성도 향상된다.In addition, as shown in the figure, the electromagnet 11 is provided on the back surface of the substrate 9 at the position opposite to the mold die 8, and when the molten material is sprayed and current flows to the electromagnet 11, the electromagnet The magnetic field formed in (11) is induced in the molding (10) laminated on the mold die (8) to be able to produce anisotropic permanent magnets. At this time, since the molding 10 laminated on the mold die 8 is solidified in a molten state, it is easy to align crystals in one direction, so that anisotropic permanent magnets are easily manufactured and magnetic properties are improved.

이상에서 설명한 바와 같이 본 발명에 따른 영구자석 제조방법에 의하면, 용융상태의 자성재료를 소정의 압으로 몰드다이에 분사하여 몰드물을 제조한 후 몰드물에 자장을 걸어 영구자석을 제조하게 되므로 제조공정이 적고 간단하여 제조비용이 절감된다. 또한 용융재료의 분사와 동시에 자장을 걸어 자화시키게 되므로 이방화 영구자석의 제조가 용이하며 자기적 특성이 향상된다. 또한 몰드다이의 형태에 따라 영구자석의 형상이 결정되고 상기 몰드다이는 다양한 형태로 제작하는 것이 가능하므로 영구자석의 용도, 크기, 설치구조에 따라 이에 맞는 형태의 제작이 가능한 산업상 유용한 발명인 것이다.As described above, according to the method of manufacturing a permanent magnet according to the present invention, the molten magnetic material is sprayed onto a mold die at a predetermined pressure to manufacture a mold, and then a magnetic field is applied to the mold to manufacture a permanent magnet. The process is small and simple, reducing manufacturing costs. In addition, since the magnetization is made by applying a magnetic field at the same time as the injection of the molten material, it is easy to manufacture an anisotropic permanent magnet and the magnetic properties are improved. In addition, since the shape of the permanent magnet is determined according to the shape of the mold die, and the mold die can be manufactured in various forms, it is an industrially useful invention that can be manufactured according to the use, size, and installation structure of the permanent magnet.

Claims (4)

건(Gun)내의 열원으로 발생된 고온의 전기적 아아크(Arc)에 불활성가스를 공급하여 화염을 발생하고 이 화염에 분말상태의 자성재료를 공급하여 용융상태의 자성재료가 노즐을 통해 분사되도록 하는 단계와, 기판상에 설치된 몰드다이를 상기 건의 노즐로 부터 소정거리 이격된 지점에 위치시켜 몰드다이에 용융상태의 자성재료가 적층되도록 하는 단계와, 상기 몰드다이에 적층되어 성형된 몰딩물을 몰드다이로 부터 분리하여 자화시키는 단계를 포함하여 됨을 특징으로 하는 영구자석 제조방법.Supplying an inert gas to a high-temperature electrical arc generated as a heat source in the gun to generate a flame and supplying a powdered magnetic material to the flame so that the molten magnetic material is injected through the nozzle And placing a mold die provided on the substrate at a point spaced apart from the nozzle of the gun by a predetermined distance so that the magnetic material in a molten state is laminated on the mold die, and molding the molded article laminated and molded on the mold die. Permanent magnet manufacturing method characterized in that it comprises the step of separating and magnetizing. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 몰드다이가 위치된 기판 뒷면에 전자석을 위치시켜 전류를 흘림으로써 분사와 동시에 자화시킴을 특징으로 하는 이방성 영구자석 제조방법.The method of claim 1, wherein the magnet is positioned at the back of the substrate on which the mold die is located, and the magnet is simultaneously energized by flowing an electric current. 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 기판을 회전시켜 분사되는 용융재료가 몰드다이에 균일하게 적충되도록 함을 특징으로 하는 영구자석 제조방법.The method of claim 1, wherein the molten material that is sprayed by rotating the substrate is uniformly accumulated in a mold die. 제3항에 있어서, 상기 분무노즐과 몰드다이의 거리(L)는 64-152㎜인 영구자석 제조방법.The method of claim 3, wherein the distance (L) of the spray nozzle and the mold die is 64-152 mm.
KR1019940008374A 1994-04-21 1994-04-21 Methd of manufacturing a permanent magnet KR0159556B1 (en)

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