KR0158295B1 - Measuring apparatus of permeability coefficient of soil using electro-osmosis - Google Patents

Measuring apparatus of permeability coefficient of soil using electro-osmosis Download PDF

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KR0158295B1
KR0158295B1 KR1019960047996A KR19960047996A KR0158295B1 KR 0158295 B1 KR0158295 B1 KR 0158295B1 KR 1019960047996 A KR1019960047996 A KR 1019960047996A KR 19960047996 A KR19960047996 A KR 19960047996A KR 0158295 B1 KR0158295 B1 KR 0158295B1
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permeability coefficient
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KR19980028819A (en
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정구영
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최훈
삼성물산주식회사
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/24—Earth materials
    • G01N33/246—Earth materials for water content
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
    • G01N27/121—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity, of the fluid

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  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)

Abstract

본 발명은 지반의 투수계수를 측정하는 장치에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 구체적으로는 표준관입시험기를 사용하여 지반의 강도를 구하는 동시에, 지반의 토양에 전류를 수 초간 흘리면 지중의 물이 음극판으로 이동하는 전기삼투를 이용하여 공극수압을 측정하고, 공극수압을 이용하여 투수계수를 용이하게 측정할 수 있도록 구성된 전기삼투를 이용한 지반의 투수계수 측정장치에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a device for measuring the permeability coefficient of the ground, and more specifically, to obtain the strength of the ground using a standard penetration tester, and when the current flows through the soil for several seconds, the ground water moves to the negative plate The present invention relates to a groundwater permeability measurement device using electroosmotic, which is configured to measure the pore water pressure using osmosis and to easily measure the permeability coefficient using the pore water pressure.

본 발명의 전기삼투를 이용한 지반의 투수계수 측정장치는, 지반강도특성을 측정하는 표준관입시험기의 스플릿 배럴(1)에 전선(21)이 연결되는 박막전극(23)을 부착하고, 상기 박막전극(23)에 인접하여 전선(21)에 연결되는 공압변환기(25)를 설치하여, 상기 전선(21)에 전류가 흐르면 공압변환기(25)의 음극판으로 이동하는 공극수압을 측정하여 지반의 투수계수를 구하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In the ground permeability coefficient measurement apparatus using the electroosmotic of the present invention, the thin film electrode 23 to which the wire 21 is connected to the split barrel 1 of the standard penetration tester for measuring the ground strength characteristics, the thin film electrode A pneumatic transducer 25 is provided adjacent to the wire 23 and connected to the wire 21, and when the current flows through the wire 21, the pore water pressure moving to the negative electrode plate of the pneumatic transducer 25 is measured to determine the permeability coefficient of the ground. It is characterized by obtaining.

Description

전기삼투를 이용한 지반의 투수계수 측정장치Permeability coefficient measuring device of ground using electroosmosis

본 발명은 지반의 투수계수를 측정하는 장치에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 구체적으로는 표준관입시험기를 사용하여 지반의 강도를 구하는 동시에, 스플릿 배럴의 단부에 설치되는 것으로서 지반의 토양에 전류를 수 초나 흘리면 지중의 물이 음극판으로 이동하는 전기삼투를 이용하여 공극수압을 측정하고, 공극수압을 이용하여 투수계수를 용이하게 측정할 수 있도록 구성된 전기삼투를 이용한 지반의 투수계수 측정장치에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a device for measuring the permeability coefficient of the ground, and more specifically, to obtain the strength of the ground using a standard penetration tester, and is installed at the end of the split barrel, when the current flows in the soil of the ground several seconds The present invention relates to a ground permeability coefficient measuring device using an electroosmotic device configured to measure pore water pressure by using an electroosmosis in which water moves to a negative electrode plate, and easily measure a permeability coefficient using a pore water pressure.

고층건물의 신축 또는 대규모의 토목공사에 있어서 공사장소의 지반에 대한 선행조사는 건축물의 안전에 지대한 영향을 끼치는 요소이므로 필수적인 의무사항이다. 이러한 선행조사에서는 건물의 높이에 따라서 지표밑의 토양 또는 지하 깊은 곳의 토양을 채취하는 표준관입시험에 의하여 지반의 강도(N)를 구하고 이를 토대로 설계를 하게 된다.In the construction of high-rise buildings or large-scale civil engineering works, the preliminary survey on the ground of the construction site is an essential requirement as it has a great influence on the safety of the building. In this preliminary survey, the strength of the ground (N) is calculated and designed based on the standard penetration test that collects the soil below the ground or the soil deep below the ground according to the height of the building.

또한 상기의 표준관입시험은 지반의 강도특성에 관한 자료만을 얻을 수 있기 때문에 투수계수 또는 압밀계수등과 같은 수리학적 특성을 구하기 위해서는 표준관입시험기 이외의 다른 전용 시험기 또는 장치등을 이용하거나, 시료를 직접 채취하여 실험실내에서 투수시험을 수행하였다.In addition, since the standard penetration test can only obtain data on the strength characteristics of the ground, in order to obtain hydraulic characteristics such as permeability coefficient or consolidation coefficient, a dedicated tester or device other than the standard penetration tester, or a sample may be used. Direct collection was performed for permeation tests in the laboratory.

그러나 상기와 같이 토양의 시료를 채취하여 실내투수시험을 하는 경우에는 통상적으로 수일의 시험기간이 소요되며, 투수계수가 매우 낮은 경우에는 수 일내지 수 주일이 소요되는 문제점이 발생되었던 것이다. 이에 따라서 투수시험에 소요되는 것만큼의 공사설계가 지연되는 문제점이 있었으며, 이에 따라서 전체적인 공사가 지연되고, 공사원가가 상승하는 요인이 되었던 것이다.However, when the soil sample is collected by the indoor permeability test as described above, it usually takes several days to test, and if the permeability coefficient is very low, it takes several days to several weeks. As a result, there was a problem that construction design was delayed as much as that required for permeation test, and thus the overall construction was delayed and the cost of construction was increased.

본 발명은 상기와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 안출된 것으로서, 본 발명의 목적은 표준관입시험기를 사용하여 지반의 강도를 구하는 것과 동시에, 공극수압을 측정하여 지반의 투수계수를 용이하게 구할 수 있는 전기삼투를 이용한 지반의 투수계수 측정장치를 제공하는데 있다.The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, the object of the present invention is to obtain the strength of the ground using a standard penetration tester, and at the same time to measure the pore water pressure electricity that can easily obtain the permeability coefficient of the ground The present invention provides a groundwater permeability measurement device using osmosis.

본 발명의 다른 목적은 종래 수 일 내지 수 주일 소요되던 지반의 투수계수를 신속하게 측정할 수 있으므로 공사설계기간이 단축되고 공사원가가 절감되는 전기삼투를 이용한 지반의 투수계수 측정장치를 제공하는데 있다.Another object of the present invention is to provide a ground permeability coefficient measuring apparatus using electroosmosis, which can quickly measure the permeability coefficient of the ground, which takes several days to several weeks, and thus the construction design period is shortened and the construction cost is reduced. .

상기 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명의 전기삼투를 이용한 지반의 투수계수 측정장치는, 표준관입시험기의 스플릿 배럴의 내측표면에 전선이 연결되는 전극을 부착하고 상기 전극에 인접한 위치에 다른 전선이 연결되는 음극판을 가진 공압변환기를 설치하여, 전선에 전류를 인가하면 이동되는 지중의 물의 압력을 공압변환기를 사용하여 측정하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In order to achieve the above object, the ground permeability coefficient measuring device using the electroosmotic apparatus of the present invention is provided with an electrode connected to an inner surface of a split barrel of a standard penetration tester, and another wire is connected to a position adjacent to the electrode. By installing a pneumatic transducer having a negative electrode plate, it is characterized by measuring the pressure of the underground water to be moved by applying a current to the wire using a pneumatic transducer.

제1도는 종래 사용되는 스필릿-스푼 샘플러의 측단면도.1 is a side cross-sectional view of a spirit-spoon sampler conventionally used.

제2도는 본 발명에 의한 전기삼투 샘플러의 측단면도.2 is a side cross-sectional view of the electroosmotic sampler according to the present invention.

* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1 : 스플릿 배럴 3 : 드라이빙슈(driving shoe)1: Split barrel 3: Driving shoe

5 : 공간 7 : 커플링5: space 7: coupling

9 : 핀 11 : 헤드9: pin 11: head

13 : 볼 15 : 드릴로드13: ball 15: drill rod

21 : 전선 23 : 전극21: wire 23: electrode

25 : 공압변환기25: pneumatic transducer

이하 첨부된 도면을 참고하여 본 발명의 전기삼투를 이용한 지반의 투수계수 측정장치를 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, the permeability coefficient measuring device of the ground using the electroosmosis of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in detail as follows.

제1도는 종래 사용되는 표준관입시험기의 스플릿 배럴(split barrel)(1)의 구조를 나타내는 단면도이다. 도시된 바와 같이 , 스플릿 배럴(1)은 공구강(toolsteel)으로 제조되는 드라이빙슈(driving shoe)(3), 수직방향으로 공간(5)이 형성된 튜브와 커플링(7)로 구성되어 있다.1 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a split barrel 1 of a standard penetration tester conventionally used. As shown, the split barrel 1 consists of a driving shoe 3 made of toolsteel, a tube and a coupling 7 with a space 5 formed in the vertical direction.

스플릿 배럴(1)의 상부측에 위치하는 헤드(11)에는 원동기로부터 회전력을 공급받는 드릴로드(15)가 연결된다. 상기 커플링(7)은 스플릿 배럴(1)을 드릴로드(15)와 연결하는 역할을 한다. 또한 공간(5)의 형성된 튜브의 상부측에는 볼(13)이 설치되어 있으며, 공간(5)을 통하여 유입되는 지하수를 배출하도록 구성되어 있다.A drill rod 15 that receives rotational force from the prime mover is connected to the head 11 located on the upper side of the split barrel 1. The coupling 7 serves to connect the split barrel 1 with the drill rod 15. In addition, the ball 13 is provided on the upper side of the formed tube of the space 5, it is configured to discharge the ground water flowing through the space (5).

상기와 같은 구조를 가진 표준관입시험관의 스플릿 배럴(1)에 전선이 연결되는 전극(양극판과 음극판)과 지하수의 이동에 의하여 발생되는 압력을 측정할 수 있는 공압변환기가 설치된다.The split barrel 1 of the standard penetration test tube having the structure described above is provided with an electrode (anode plate and negative electrode plate) to which the electric wire is connected and a pneumatic transducer capable of measuring the pressure generated by the movement of groundwater.

상기 전극에 전류가 흐르면 지중의 물이 음극으로 향하여 이동하게 된다. 이러한 현상을 전기삼투(electro-osmosis)라고 한다. 전기삼투에 의하여 이동하는 물은 약한 이동압력을 가지고 있다. 본 발명의 지반의 투수계수 측정장치는 전기삼투에 의하여 발생되는 지중에서의 물의 이동압력을 측정하여 투수계수를 직접 구할 수 있는 것이다.When current flows through the electrode, the ground water moves toward the cathode. This phenomenon is called electro-osmosis. Water moved by electroosmotic has a weak moving pressure. The permeability coefficient measuring device of the ground of the present invention can directly obtain the permeability coefficient by measuring the moving pressure of water in the ground generated by electroosmotic.

본 측정장치의 상세한 구조는, 제2도를 참고하면, 전선(21)이 연결되는 전극(23)과 공압변환기(25)가 스플릿 배럴(1)에 더 설치됨을 알 수있다. 상기 전극(23)과 공압변환기(25)는 지하수의 이동에 대하여 민감하게 동작할 수 있도록 스플릿 배럴(1)의 드라이빙슈(3)에 인접하여 설치된다.Detailed structure of the measuring device, referring to FIG. 2, it can be seen that the electrode 23 and the pneumatic transducer 25 to which the electric wire 21 is connected are further installed in the split barrel 1. The electrode 23 and the pneumatic transducer 25 are installed adjacent to the driving shoe 3 of the split barrel 1 so as to be sensitive to movement of groundwater.

또한 스플릿 배럴(1)의 본래의 용도에 지장을 주지 않기 위하여, 즉 전극(23)과 공압변환기(25)가 저항체로서 작동하는 것을 방지하기 위하여,스플릿 베럴(1)의 내부표면과 동일한 매끄러운 표면을 갖도록 설치하는 것이 바람직하다. 이러한 목적으로 전극(23)과 공압변환기(25)는 스플릿 배럴(1)의 내부에 공간을 형성하고 부착시킨다.Also, in order not to interfere with the original use of the split barrel 1, i.e., to prevent the electrode 23 and the pneumatic transducer 25 from acting as a resistor, the same smooth surface as the inner surface of the split barrel 1 It is preferable to install to have. For this purpose, the electrode 23 and the pneumatic transducer 25 form a space inside the split barrel 1 and attach it.

상기와 같은 구성을 가진 본 발명의 전기삼투를 이용한 지반의 투수계수 측정장치의 작동상태는 다음과 같다.The operation state of the ground permeability coefficient measuring device using the electroosmotic of the present invention having the configuration as described above is as follows.

통상적으로 표준관입시험을 수행하는 도중에 정확한 압력을 측정하기 위하여 일시적으로 구동용 드릴로드(15)의 작동을 중지시키고 전선(21)에 전류를 공급한다. 전류가 공급되면 전극(23)과 음극판에 전기가 통전되므로 전기삼투현상에 의하여 정지상태이던 물은 음극판을 항하여 이동하게 된다.Normally, in order to measure the correct pressure during the standard penetration test, the driving drill rod 15 is temporarily stopped and a current is supplied to the wire 21. When current is supplied, electricity is supplied to the electrode 23 and the negative electrode plate, so that the water, which was stopped by the electroosmotic phenomenon, moves along the negative electrode plate.

상기 전선(21)에 전류를 인가하는 시간은 수 초 정도가 되며, 약2∼5초, 바람직하게는 3∼4초 정도 인가하는 것이 바람직하다. 물론 정확한 공극수압의 측정을 위하여 상기와 같이 전류인가를 수차례 반복하여 측정하고, 그것의 평균치를 구하는 것도 가능하다.The time for applying the current to the wire 21 is about several seconds, preferably about 2 to 5 seconds, preferably about 3 to 4 seconds. Of course, it is also possible to measure the current application several times as described above and measure the average value thereof in order to accurately measure the pore water pressure.

이 때 전기삼투에 의하여 이동되는 물은 이동압력을 가지며 공압변환기(25)에 입력된다. 공압변환기(25)는 이러한 물의 이동을 그에 상응하는 압력데이타로 변경시켜 출력하게 되는 것이다. 공압변환기(25)에 의하여 측정된 압력데이타는 하기의 수식 1에 의하여 투수계수를 변환한다.At this time, the water moved by the electroosmotic has a moving pressure is input to the pneumatic transducer (25). Pneumatic transducer 25 is to convert the movement of the water to the corresponding pressure data to output. The pressure data measured by the pneumatic transducer 25 converts the permeability coefficient according to Equation 1 below.

여기에서, ρ는 흙의 단위중량(unit weight of soil), g는 중력가속도, mv는 체적변형계수(coefficient of volume change),는 각속도(angular frequency), n은 공극률(porosity), M은 전기삼투유동계수(electro-osotic mobility), Eo는 전압, Uo은 첨단과잉공극수압(peak-to-peak-excess pore pressure),는 상대압축성(relative comrpessibility),는 임피던스(impedance parameter)를 나타낸다. 상기 피라미터들은 모두 측정가능한 값들이다. 따라서 표준관입시험기를 사용하여 지반특성을 측정하는 것과 동시에 공극수압을 측정하여 투수계수를 구할 수 있는 것이다.Where ρ is the unit weight of soil, g is the gravitational acceleration, m v is the coefficient of volume change, Angular frequency, n is porosity, M is electro-osotic mobility, Eo is voltage, Uo is peak-to-peak-excess pore pressure, Is the relative comrpessibility, Denotes an impedance parameter. The parameters are all measurable values. Therefore, the permeability coefficient can be obtained by measuring the ground characteristics at the same time as using the standard penetration tester.

상기와 같이 본 발명에 의하면 지반의 특성을 측정하는 표준관입시험기를 사용하여 강도뿐만 아니라 공극수압을 측정하여 투수계수를 단시간내에 구할 수 있는 이점이 있는 것이다.As described above, according to the present invention, there is an advantage that a permeability coefficient can be obtained within a short time by measuring not only the strength but also the pore pressure using a standard penetration tester for measuring the characteristics of the ground.

본 발명은 기재된 구체예에 대해서만 상세히 설명되었지만 본 발명의 사상과 범위내에서 변형이나 변경할 수 있음은 본 발명이 속하는 분야의 당업자에게는 명백한 것이며, 그러한 변형이나 변경은 첨부한 특허청구범위에 속한다할 것이다.Although the invention has been described in detail only with respect to the described embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made within the spirit and scope of the invention, and such variations or modifications will fall within the scope of the appended claims. .

Claims (2)

지반강도특성을 측정하는 표준관입시험기의 스플릿 배럴(1)에 전선(21)이 연결된 박막전극(23)을 부착하고, 상기 박막전극(23)에 인접하여 전선(21)에 연결되는 공압변환기(25)를 설치하여, 상기 전선(21)에 전류가 흐르면 공압변환기(25)의 음극판으로 이동하는 공극수압을 측정하여 지반의 투수계수를 구하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전기삼투를 이용한 지반의 투수계수 측정장치.Pneumatic transducer attached to the thin film electrode 23 connected to the wire 21 to the split barrel 1 of the standard penetration tester for measuring the ground strength characteristics, and connected to the wire 21 adjacent to the thin film electrode 23 ( 25), the permeability coefficient of the ground using the electroosmotic, characterized in that to obtain the permeability coefficient of the ground by measuring the pore water pressure moving to the negative electrode plate of the pneumatic transducer 25 when a current flows in the wire 21 . 제1항에 있어서, 상기 전류인가시간이 2 ∼5초, 바람직하게는 3 ∼4초 인 것을 특징으로 하는 전기삼투를 이용한 지반의 투수계수 측정장치.The ground permeability coefficient measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the current application time is 2 to 5 seconds, preferably 3 to 4 seconds.
KR1019960047996A 1996-10-24 1996-10-24 Measuring apparatus of permeability coefficient of soil using electro-osmosis KR0158295B1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100382359B1 (en) * 2000-12-27 2003-05-09 주식회사 이엔쓰리 measuaring system for hydraulic conductivity
KR100953650B1 (en) * 2009-11-17 2010-04-20 (주)대우건설 Unified device for measuring mechanical characteristics of soft ground considering settling self-consolidation and pre-consolidation stress

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100382359B1 (en) * 2000-12-27 2003-05-09 주식회사 이엔쓰리 measuaring system for hydraulic conductivity
KR100953650B1 (en) * 2009-11-17 2010-04-20 (주)대우건설 Unified device for measuring mechanical characteristics of soft ground considering settling self-consolidation and pre-consolidation stress

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