KR0144608B1 - Electrolyte of electrolytic condenser - Google Patents
Electrolyte of electrolytic condenserInfo
- Publication number
- KR0144608B1 KR0144608B1 KR1019950017903A KR19950017903A KR0144608B1 KR 0144608 B1 KR0144608 B1 KR 0144608B1 KR 1019950017903 A KR1019950017903 A KR 1019950017903A KR 19950017903 A KR19950017903 A KR 19950017903A KR 0144608 B1 KR0144608 B1 KR 0144608B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- electrolytic capacitor
- weight
- present
- solvent
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 alkyl ammonium carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- JKTYGPATCNUWKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 JKTYGPATCNUWKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- OTRAYOBSWCVTIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N Chemical compound OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N OTRAYOBSWCVTIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GJYJYFHBOBUTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-camphorene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(=C)C1CCC(CCC=C(C)C)=CC1 GJYJYFHBOBUTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SATJMZAWJRWBRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;decanedioic acid Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O SATJMZAWJRWBRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/02—Diaphragms; Separators
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
본 발명은 전해 콘덴서에 사용되는 전해액에 관한 것으로, 전해액의 성분중 용매와 전해질을 적절히 제어하므로서 저온에서 단시간의 제조가 가능하여 비저항이 낮고 제품화 되었을시 손실각 및 누설전류가 낮은 고압용 전해콘덴서용 전해액을 제공하고자 하는데, 그 목적이 있다.The present invention relates to an electrolytic solution used in an electrolytic capacitor, and it is possible to manufacture a short time at a low temperature by appropriately controlling the solvent and the electrolyte in the components of the electrolytic capacitor for a high pressure electrolytic capacitor having a low specific resistance and low loss angle and low leakage current when commercialized To provide an electrolyte solution, the purpose is.
상기한 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명은 70-80중량%의 에틸렌 글리콜과 5-15중량%의 벤질알콜을 7-8:1 의 비율로 혼합하여 용매로 하고, 여기에 전해질로 5-15중량%의 무기산 또는 유기산의 다가알콜 암모늄염을 첨가한 다음, 1-5중량% 의 첨가제를 첨가하여 조성되는 고압용 전해 콘덴서용 전해액을 제공함을 그 요지로 한다.The present invention for achieving the above object is a solvent by mixing 70-80% by weight of ethylene glycol and 5-15% by weight of benzyl alcohol in the ratio of 7-8: 1, and 5-15% by weight of the electrolyte The main subject is to provide an electrolytic solution for a high-pressure electrolytic capacitor which is prepared by adding a polyalcohol ammonium salt of% inorganic or organic acid, and then adding 1-5% by weight of an additive.
Description
본 발명의 전해 콘덴서에 사용되는 전해액에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는, 400WV 급 전해콘덴서에 사용되는 전해액에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to an electrolyte used for the electrolytic capacitor of the present invention, and more particularly, to an electrolyte used for a 400 WV class electrolytic capacitor.
전해 콘덴서는 금속을 전해산화하여 한쪽 극으로하고, 전해질을 다른 극으로 한 콘덴서로서, 극성이 있고, 금속에 양(+)의 전압을 주어서 사용한다. 이와같은 전해 콘덴서는 체적이 작은데 비해 대단히 큰 용량을 얻을 수 있으며, 그 종류에는 알루미늄 전해콘덴서 탄탈 전해콘덴서등이 있다.An electrolytic capacitor is a capacitor having electrolytic oxidation of a metal to one pole and an electrolyte to the other pole. The electrolytic capacitor has a polarity and is used by applying a positive voltage to the metal. Such an electrolytic capacitor has a very small capacity compared to a small volume, and includes an aluminum electrolytic capacitor and a tantalum electrolytic capacitor.
전해 콘덴서의 특성은 내부에 장입되는 전해액에 의해 주로 영향을 받게 되는데, 이러한 전해액은 전기화학적 특성에 따라 저압용(160WV 이하), 중고압용(160WV-400WV), 및 고압용(400WV 이상)으로 분류된다.The characteristics of the electrolytic capacitor are mainly influenced by the electrolyte that is charged therein. These electrolytes are classified into low pressure (160 WV or less), high pressure (160 WV-400 WV), and high pressure (400 WV or more) according to the electrochemical properties. do.
상기와 같이 분류되는 전해액 중에서 고압용 전해액에서는 높은 화학전압과 전도도 특성이 특히 중요한데, 이를 위해서는 고온 고전압에서 안정한 이온을 형성해야 한다.Among the electrolytes classified as above, high chemical voltage and conductivity characteristics are particularly important in the high pressure electrolyte, and for this purpose, stable ions should be formed at high temperature and high voltage.
기존에 사용되는 고압용 전해액은 주용매로 에틸렌글리콜과 디에틸렌글리콜, 전해질로 유기산 또는 무기산의 암모늄염을 사용하고, 여기서 첨가제로서 수소가스 흡수제, 내전압 향상제 및 피막보호제등을 첨가하여 제조된다.Conventional high pressure electrolytes are prepared using ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol as main solvents, and ammonium salts of organic or inorganic acids as electrolytes, where hydrogen additives such as hydrogen gas absorbers, dielectric strength enhancers, and film protectants are added.
그러나, 상기와 같은 종래의 고압용 전해액은 고온에서 4-5시간 반응시켜 제조되므로 고압용 전해액으로서 높은 내전압 특성은 만족하나, 전해질의 산화로 인하여 높은 비저항을 갖게 된다. 따라서 제품화 하였을 때 제품특성에 나쁜 영향을 미치는 손실각과 누설전류 값이 커기제 되는 문제점이 있다.However, the conventional high pressure electrolyte as described above is prepared by reacting at a high temperature for 4-5 hours, and thus satisfies high withstand voltage characteristics as the high pressure electrolyte, but has a high specific resistance due to oxidation of the electrolyte. Therefore, there is a problem in that the loss angle and leakage current value which has a bad effect on the product characteristics when the product is made large.
이에, 본 발명자는 상기한 문제점을 해결할 뿐만 아니라, 제품특성을 향상시키고 전해액 제조 또한 좀더 낮은 온도에서 가능토록 하여 생산성 향상을 가져오게하기 위하여 연구와 실험을 행하고 그 결과에 근거하여 본 발명을 제안하게 되었다.Therefore, the present inventor not only solves the above problems, but also performs research and experiments to improve the product characteristics and the production of the electrolyte solution at a lower temperature, thereby improving productivity, and propose the present invention based on the results. It became.
본 발명은 전해액의 성분중 용매와 전해질을 적절히 제어하므로서, 저온에서 단시간의 제조가 가능하여 비저항이 낮고 제품화 되었을 시 손실각 및 누설전류가 낮은 고압용 전해콘덱서용 전해액을 제공하고자 하는데, 그 목적이 있다.The present invention is to provide a high-pressure electrolytic capacitor electrolyte solution for low pressure and leakage current when the low resistance and when commercialized by being able to manufacture a short time at a low temperature by appropriately controlling the solvent and the electrolyte in the components of the electrolyte, the object is have.
이하, 본 발명을 설명한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described.
본 발명은 70-80중량%의 에틸렌 글리콜과 5-15중량%의 벤질알콜을7-8:1의 비율로 혼합하여 용매로 하고, 여기에 전해질로 5-15중량%의 무기산 또는 유기산의 다가알킬 암모늄염을 첨가한 다음,1-5중량%의 첨가제를 첨가하여 조성되는 고압용전해 콘덴서용 전해액에 관한 것이다.The present invention is a solvent by mixing 70-80% by weight of ethylene glycol and 5-15% by weight of benzyl alcohol in a ratio of 7-8: 1, wherein the polyvalent of 5-15% by weight of inorganic or organic acid as an electrolyte The present invention relates to an electrolytic solution for a high pressure electrolytic capacitor which is prepared by adding an alkyl ammonium salt and then adding 1-5 wt% of an additive.
이하, 본 발명을 보다 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
상기한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명에서는 전해액을 상기와 같이 조성되도록 함이 바람직하며, 그 이유는 다음과 같다.In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, it is preferable to configure the electrolyte as described above, and the reason thereof is as follows.
에틸렌글리콜은 이온분리의 매개체 역할을 하는 성분으로서, 그 함량이 70%이하일 경우에는 화화전압감소의 문제점이 있으며, 80%이상일 경우에는 전도도 감소의 문제점이 있기 때문에, 그 함량을 70-80%로 제한함이 바람직하다.Ethylene glycol is a component that acts as a medium for ion separation, and if the content is less than 70%, there is a problem of reducing the voltage conversion, and if the content is more than 80%, there is a problem of decreasing the conductivity, so that the content is 70-80%. It is preferable to limit.
벤질알콜은 이온분리의 매개체 역활을 하는 성분으로서, 그 함량이 5% 이하일 경우에는 전도도 감소의 문제점이 있으며, 15% 이상일 경우에는 화화전압 감소의 문제점이 있기 때문에, 그 함량은 5-15%로 제한함이 바람직하다.Benzyl alcohol is a component that acts as a medium for ion separation. If the content is 5% or less, there is a problem of reducing the conductivity, and if it is 15% or more, there is a problem of decreasing the voltage conversion, so the content is 5-15%. It is preferable to limit.
상기와 같은 함량범위를 갖는 에틸렌글리콜과 벤질알콜을 혼합하여 용매로 사용시에 그 조건이 7-8:1 벗어나면 전도도 감소나 화화전압 감소의 문제점이 있으므로, 에틸렌글리콜과 벤질알콜의 혼합은 7-8:1 의 비율로 혼합함이 바람직하다.When ethylene glycol and benzyl alcohol having the above content range are mixed and used as a solvent, when the condition is 7-8: 1, there is a problem of reduced conductivity or reduced voltage, so mixing of ethylene glycol and benzyl alcohol is 7-. It is preferable to mix in a ratio of 8: 1.
상기 용매로 첨가되는 전해질인 유기산 또는 무기산의 다가알킬 암모늄염은 이온전도 및 화성성에 영향을 미치는 성분으로, 그 함량이 5% 이하일 경우에는 화성성 저하의 문제점이 있으며, 20% 이상일 경우에는 전해액 농도증가로 인한 활동도 감소로 전도도 감소의 문제점이 있으므로, 그 함량은 5-15%로 제한함이 바람직하다.The polyvalent alkyl ammonium salt of an organic acid or an inorganic acid, which is an electrolyte added as the solvent, is a component that affects ion conductivity and chemical conversion, and when the content is 5% or less, there is a problem of deterioration of chemical conversion, and when the concentration is more than 20%, the electrolyte concentration increases. Due to the decrease in activity due to the problem of reduced conductivity, the content is preferably limited to 5-15%.
이때, 전해질로 첨가되는 유기산 또는 무기산의 다가알킬 암모늄염은 4차 알킬 암모늄 카르복실레이트로 이루어진 그룹중에서 선택된 1종 또는 2종 이상을 사용함이 바람직하다.At this time, the polyvalent alkyl ammonium salt of organic or inorganic acid added to the electrolyte is preferably used one or two or more selected from the group consisting of quaternary alkyl ammonium carboxylate.
전해질로 상기와 같은 유기산 또는 무기산의 다가 알킬 암모늄염을 사용하는 것은 기존에 사용하던 직쇄형 유기산의 염보다 이온상태에서 안정하여 전도도 특성이 우수하고, 제품화되어도 오랜 시간 신뢰성 보증이 가능하기 때문이다.The use of the polyvalent alkyl ammonium salt of the organic or inorganic acid as an electrolyte is because it is more stable in ionic state than the salt of the linear organic acid, which is used in the past, and has excellent conductivity characteristics, and it is possible to guarantee reliability for a long time even when commercialized.
또한, 첨가제로는 화화전압 안정제, 화성성 향상제, 수소가스흡수제 등을 사용하며, 그 함량이 1% 이하일 경우에는 충분한 역할을 못하는 문제점이 있으며, 5% 이상일 경우에는 농도증가로 전도도를 저하시키고, 가격을 상승시키는 문제점이 있으므로, 그 함량은 1-5%로 제한함이 바람직하다.In addition, as an additive, a chemical conversion stabilizer, a chemical conversion enhancer, and a hydrogen gas absorbent are used, and when the content is 1% or less, there is a problem that it does not play a sufficient role. Since there is a problem of raising the price, the content is preferably limited to 1-5%.
이하, 실시예를 통하여 본 발명을 보다 구체적으로 설명한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples.
[실시예1]Example 1
용매와 전해질 및 첨가제를 하기표 1과 같이 조성한 후, 70℃에서 2시간 교반하여 전해액을 제조하였다.The solvent, the electrolyte, and the additive were prepared as shown in Table 1, followed by stirring at 70 ° C. for 2 hours to prepare an electrolyte solution.
이와같이 제조된 전해액 자체의 비저항 및 내전압(SPV : Sparking Voltage)을 측정하여 그 결과를 하기표1에 나타내었다.Thus, the specific resistance and withstand voltage (SPV: sparking voltage) of the prepared electrolyte was measured, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
*EG : 에틸렌 글리콜(Ethylene Glycol), BA:벤질알콜(Benzy Alcohol), DEG:디에틸렌글리콜(Diethylene Glycol), AS:암모늄세바케이트(Ammonium sebacate), ADCU:암모늄 2,4-디메틸-4-메톡시 언데칸 디카르복실레이트(Ammonium2.4-dimethyl-4-methoxy undecan dicarboxylate), AP: 암모늄 펜타보레이트(Ammonium Pentaborate), Man: 마니톨(Mannitol), PNBA:파라니트로벤질알콜(p-Nitro Benzyl Alcohol), AHP: 암모늄 하이포포스파이트(Ammonium Hypophosphite).* EG: Ethylene Glycol, BA: Benzy Alcohol, DEG: Diethylene Glycol, AS: Ammonium sebacate, ADCU: Ammonium 2, 4-dimethyl-4- Ammonium 2.4-dimethyl-4-methoxy undecan dicarboxylate, AP: Ammonium Pentaborate, Man: Mannitol, PNBA: Paranitrobenzyl alcohol (p-Nitro Benzyl Alcohol), AHP: Ammonium Hypophosphite.
상기 표1에서 알 수 있는 바와같이, 본 발명의 범위를 만족하는 발명예(A,B)의 경우에는 본 발명의 범위를 만족하지 못하는 비교예(1,2) 및 종래의 경우인 비교예(3)에 비하여 내전압 특성은 큰 차이가 없는 반면 비저항 값은 훨씬 낮음을 알 수 있다. 이는 본 발명에서는 하기표2와 같은 끓는 점(boiling point), 및 어는 점(melting pont)을 갖는 에틸렌글리콜과 벤질알콜의 혼합용매를 사용하므르서 종래 에틸렌글리콜의 활용시보다 끊는 점은 높아지고 어는점은 낮아져서 전해액의 온도 특서이 좋아지기 때문이다.As can be seen from Table 1, in the case of the invention examples (A, B) satisfying the scope of the present invention, the comparative examples (1, 2) and the conventional case (which does not satisfy the scope of the present invention) ( Compared with 3), the breakdown voltage characteristics are not significantly different while the resistivity values are much lower. This is because in the present invention using a mixed solvent of ethylene glycol and benzyl alcohol having a boiling point, and a melting point (melting pont), as shown in Table 2, the break point is higher and higher than when using conventional ethylene glycol This is because the temperature specification of the electrolyte is improved by lowering.
[실시예 2]Example 2
상기 실시예1과 같이 제조된 전해액중 발명예(A)의 전해액과 비교예(3)의 전해액을 하기표3과 같은 전해콘덴서에 적용시켜 제품화하였을 경우의 정전용량(μF),손실각(%) 및 누설전류(μA) 값을 측정하고, 그 결과를 하기표3에 나타내었다.In the electrolytic solution prepared as in Example 1, the electrolytic solution of Inventive Example (A) and the electrolytic solution of Comparative Example (3) were applied to an electrolytic capacitor as shown in Table 3 to produce a capacitance (μF) and a loss angle (%). ) And leakage current (μA) values were measured, and the results are shown in Table 3 below.
상기 표2에 나타난 바와같이, 본 발명의 범위를 만족하는 발명예(C,D)의 경우에는 실제 제품에 적용시에도 본 발명의 범위를 만족하지 못하는 비교예(4,5)의 경우에 비하여 정전용량에는 큰 차이가 없으나 손실각 및 누설전류를 크게 감소시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있다.As shown in Table 2, the invention examples (C, D) satisfying the scope of the present invention compared to the case of comparative examples (4, 5) that do not satisfy the scope of the present invention even when applied to the actual product There is no significant difference in capacitance, but it can be seen that the loss angle and leakage current can be greatly reduced.
상술한 바와같이, 본 발명은 용매를 에틸렌글리콜과 벤질알콜의 혼합용매를 사용하고 전해질로는 합성전해질을 사용하므로서, 종전보다 저온에서 단시간 반응에 의해 전해액의 제조가 가능하여 생산성이 향상되며, 기존 전해액의 단점이던 비저항을 크게 낮추어 전도도 특성을 향상시킬 수 있게 되어 제품화되었을 때 전해 콘덴서의 손실각과 누설전류를 낮추어 제품의 특성을 향상시킬 수 있는 효과가 있다.As described above, in the present invention, by using a mixed solvent of ethylene glycol and benzyl alcohol as a solvent and using a synthetic electrolyte as an electrolyte, it is possible to prepare the electrolyte solution by a short time reaction at a lower temperature than before, thereby improving productivity. It is possible to improve the conductivity characteristics by greatly reducing the specific resistance, which is a disadvantage of the electrolyte solution, and when the product is commercialized, it has the effect of improving the product characteristics by reducing the loss angle and leakage current of the electrolytic capacitor.
Claims (2)
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|---|---|---|---|
| KR1019950017903A KR0144608B1 (en) | 1995-06-28 | 1995-06-28 | Electrolyte of electrolytic condenser |
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| KR1019950017903A KR0144608B1 (en) | 1995-06-28 | 1995-06-28 | Electrolyte of electrolytic condenser |
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| KR970003309A KR970003309A (en) | 1997-01-28 |
| KR0144608B1 true KR0144608B1 (en) | 1998-08-17 |
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