JPWO2021216663A5

JPWO2021216663A5 -

Info

Publication number: JPWO2021216663A5
Application number: JP2022564338A
Authority: JP
Publication date: 2024-04-19

Claims

A material comprising one or more substantially delignified cellulosic macrofibers that have been chemically extracted intact from a matrix of lignin and hemicellulose that binds the one or more macrofibers to parenchyma cells in a microstructure within a fragment of natural plant material .

further comprising a polymer permeating each of said cellulosic macrofibers ;
The material of claim 1 comprising:

Further, it includes a structural matrix,
10. The material of claim 1, wherein the substantially delignified one or more cellulosic macrofibers are disposed within the structural matrix.

The material of claim 3, wherein the structural matrix comprises a polymer or concrete.

The polymers are epoxy resin, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEO), polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polycaprolactam (PA6), poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA), poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide (PPTA), polyurethane (PU), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene pyrene (PP), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polystyrene (PS), polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene (PTh), polyf Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), poly(vinylidene chloride) (PVDC), polyxylylene adipamide (MXD6), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyimide (PI), polyethyleneimine (PEI), polylactic acid (PLA), octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS), polyoctahedral silsesquioxane 5. The material of claim 2 or 4, comprising poly(poss), paramethylstyrene (PMS), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN), graft copolymer of acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene/methyl methacrylate (ABSM), dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS), rosin, chitin, chitosan, protein, vegetable oil, carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose acetate, starch, agar, alginic acid, or any combination thereof.

5. The material of claim 4, wherein the concrete comprises portland cement, agroconcrete, magnesium carbonate ( _MgCO3 ), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH) ₂ ), or any combination thereof.

4. The material of claim 2 or 3, wherein the content of one or more cellulosic macrofibers within the material is at least 0.1 wt%.

the microstructure of the natural plant material has a lumen formed at least in part by the matrix and the parenchyma cells;
4. The material of any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the substantially delignified cellulosic macro-fiber or macro-fibers are free of the lumen .

4. The material of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the natural plant material comprises grass, bamboo, reed, sugarcane, maize, wheat, rice, jute, hemp, kenaf, ramie, banana, corn, wheat, rice, roselle, rattan, sorghum, sisal, palm, eneken, abaca, pineapple, curaua, yucca, cabuya, pandanus, abaca, gladiolus, or agave.

Each of the cellulosic macrofibers has a length of 5 cm to 200 cm (inclusive);
2. The material of claim 1 , wherein the maximum cross-sectional dimension in a plane perpendicular to the length is between 5 μm and 1 mm, inclusive.

11. The material of claim 10 , wherein the maximum cross-sectional dimension of each of the cellulosic macrofibers is at least 100 μm.

(i) each of the cellulosic macrofibers has a specific strength of at least 0.5 GPa·cm ³ /g, a crystallinity of at least 40%, a tensile strength of at least 0.5 GPa, a Young's modulus of at least 20 GPa, a density of at least 0.8 g/cm ³ , or any combination thereof ;
(ii) each of the cellulosic macrofibers has a cellulose content of at least 70 wt.%, a hemicellulose content of no more than 10 wt.%, a lignin content of no more than 10 wt.%, or any combination thereof;
4. The material of claim 1, wherein each of the cellulosic macrofibers has a moisture content of 10 wt % or less .

The material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the natural plant material from which each of the cellulosic macro-fibres is chemically extracted is bamboo.

(a) subjecting pieces of natural plant material to one or more chemical treatments to remove substantially all lignin , the natural plant material having a plurality of cellulosic macrofibers, parenchyma cells, and a matrix of lignin and hemicellulose and a microstructure that binds microfibrils of the cellulosic macrofibers to the parenchyma cells, the one or more chemical treatments being effective to dissolve the matrix and disrupt the parenchyma cells, thereby liberating the cellulosic macrofibers;
(b) extracting, after step (a) , a plurality of intact cellulosic macro- fibers separated from one another from the chemically treated fragments;
Including,
The method of claim 1, wherein after step (a), each of the cellulosic macro-fibers is substantially delignified .

Prior to step (a), the microstructure of the natural plant material has a lumen formed at least in part by the matrix and parenchyma cells;
15. The method of claim 14, wherein after step (a), the chemically treated fragment does not have the lumen.

the natural plant material is bamboo;
After step (b), each of the cellulosic macrofibers has a density of 1.45 g/cm ^３3 The method of claim 14, wherein

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein step (b) comprises agitating the chemically treated pieces in a solution.

At least one of the one or more chemical treatments comprises partially or wholly immersing the pieces of natural plant material in one or more chemical solutions ;
The one or more chemical solutions may be sodium hydroxide (NaOH), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium sulfite (Na2SO3 ) _, _sodium sulfide (Na2S ₎ , Na n S (where n is an integer), urea (CH4N2O ₎ , sodium _bisulfite ( NaHSO3 ₎ _, sulfur dioxide (SO2 ₎ , anthraquinone ( _C14H8O2 ₎ , methanol (CH3OH), ethanol ( _C2H5OH ) , butanol (C4H9OH), formic acid (CH2O2 ₎ , _hydrogen peroxide ₍ _H2O2 ) , _acetic acid ₍ _CH3COOH ) _, _butyric _acid ₍ _C4H8O2 ) , performic _acid ( CH2O3 ₎ , peracetic _acid ₍ C2H4O3 ₎ _, ammonia ( _NH3 ), tosylic acid (p-TsOH), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), sodium chlorite (NaClO ₂ ), chlorine dioxide (ClO ₂ ), chlorine (Cl ₂ ), or any combination thereof .

(c) after step (b) , further comprising drying the cellulosic macrofibers to evaporate water from the cellulosic fibers, respectively, such that densification of the cellulosic macrofibers occurs;
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein after step (c), the moisture content of each of the cellulosic macrofibers is 10 wt% or less.

impregnating each of the cellulosic macrofibers with a polymer to form a composite material ; or
embedding each of the cellulosic macro-fibers within a structural matrix to form a composite material;
the structural matrix comprises a polymer or concrete;
The polymers include epoxy resins, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEO), polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polycaprolactam (PA6), poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA), poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide (PPTA), polyurethane (PU), polycarbonate (PC), Polypropylene (PP), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polystyrene (PS), polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene ( PTh), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), poly(vinylidene chloride) (PVDC), polyxylylene adipamide (MXD6), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyimide (PI), polyethyleneimine (PEI), polylactic acid (PLA), octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS), polyoctahe dodecylsilsesquioxane (POSS), paramethylstyrene (PMS), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN), graft copolymer of acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene/methyl methacrylate (ABSM), dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS), rosin, chitin, chitosan, protein, vegetable oil, carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose acetate, starch, agar, alginic acid, or any combination thereof;
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the concrete comprises portland cement, agroconcrete, magnesium carbonate (MgCO3 ₎ , magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH) ₂ ), or any combination thereof.