JPWO2019138538A1 - Ground improvement method - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 262
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 198
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- DETXZQGDWUJKMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxymethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OCS(O)(=O)=O DETXZQGDWUJKMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- SBGKURINHGJRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethanesulfinic acid Chemical compound OCS(O)=O SBGKURINHGJRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910001583 allophane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 hydroxymethane sulfone Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 50
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 32
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 7
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011978 dissolution method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001653 ettringite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015096 spirit Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
- C09K17/42—Inorganic compounds mixed with organic active ingredients, e.g. accelerators
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本発明は、土壌に、水硬性粉体と、炭酸水素ナトリウム、硫酸ナトリウム、チオ硫酸ナトリウム、亜ジチオン酸ナトリウム、及びピロ亜硫酸ナトリウムから選ばれる１種以上の化合物〔以下、化合物（ａ）という〕と、ヒドロキシメタンスルホン酸又はその塩及びヒドロキシメタンスルフィン酸又はその塩から選ばれる１種以上の化合物〔以下、化合物（ｂ）という〕とを混合する地盤の改良工法であって、化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを、化合物（ａ）／化合物（ｂ）の質量比が、５０／５０以上９９／１以下で混合し、化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを、合計で、水硬性粉体に対して０．５質量％以上２０．０質量％以下で混合する、地盤の改良工法である。The present invention relates to a method for preparing hydraulic powder, one or more compounds selected from sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, sodium dithionite, and sodium pyrosulfite in a soil [hereinafter referred to as compound (a)]. And one or more compounds selected from hydroxymethanesulfonic acid or a salt thereof and hydroxymethanesulfinic acid or a salt thereof (hereinafter, referred to as compound (b)). And the compound (b) are mixed at a compound (a) / compound (b) mass ratio of 50/50 or more and 99/1 or less, and the compound (a) and the compound (b) are This is a ground improvement method in which the hard powder is mixed at 0.5% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less.
Description
本発明は、地盤の改良工法、地盤改良体、地盤改良用添加剤組成物、地盤改良用スラリー、及び地盤改良用粉末固化材組成物に関する。 The present invention relates to a ground improvement method, a ground improvement body, a ground improvement additive composition, a ground improvement slurry, and a ground improvement powder solidification material composition.
背景技術
建造物を建設する基礎を地盤改良する方法として、コンクリート製又は鋼管製の地盤改良コラムを地盤に打ち込む地盤改良方法や、地盤を掘削しながらセメントミルクなどのセメント系固化材を注入し、掘削土と前記セメントミルクとが混じり合って形成されるコラム状の地盤改良体を地盤中に直接形成する地盤改良方法が知られている。BACKGROUND ART As a method of improving the ground of a foundation for building a building, a ground improvement method of driving a ground improvement column made of concrete or steel pipe into the ground, or injecting a cement-based solidifying material such as cement milk while excavating the ground, There is known a ground improvement method for directly forming a columnar ground improvement body formed by mixing excavated soil and the cement milk in the ground.
セメント系固化材を土と添加混合により地盤の改質を行う地盤改良では、地盤改良体からの環境汚染物質、例えば六価クロムの溶出を抑える必要がある。これを考慮して、適切な固化材、配合比、添加剤などを選定することが望まれる。
特開２００２−６０７５１号公報には、キレート化合物を含有してなる六価クロム溶出低減剤とセメントとを含有するセメント組成物が開示されている。
また、特開２０１２−２０１７６５号公報には、活性炭とセメント系固化剤を有する油汚染土壌を改質する土壌改質組成物において、さらに還元剤を含む土壌改質組成物が開示されている。In the ground improvement in which the ground is modified by adding and mixing a cement-based solidifying agent with soil, it is necessary to suppress the elution of environmental pollutants, for example, hexavalent chromium, from the ground improvement body. In consideration of this, it is desired to select an appropriate solidifying material, a compounding ratio, an additive, and the like.
JP-A-2002-60751 discloses a cement composition containing a hexavalent chromium elution reducing agent containing a chelate compound and cement.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-201765 discloses a soil reforming composition for improving oil-contaminated soil having activated carbon and a cement-based solidifying agent, further including a reducing agent.
また、前記のセメントミルクを用いる方法では、地盤改良体の強度や固化に要する時間が重要であることから、そのための技術が従来種々提案されている。
特開平１０−１７８６４号公報には、セメント系凝結遅延剤と、トリエタノールアミン、ジエタノールアミン、モノエタノールアミンから選ばれた１種または２種以上の化合物からなるセメント系硬化促進剤とを配合した地盤改良用配合剤が開示されている。
特開昭５３−１３９６３３号公報には、トリエタノールアミン、炭酸ナトリウム及び炭酸カリウムを含む、地下の鉱坑設備に使用するのに適したセメントの硬化を促進する促進剤が開示されている。In addition, in the method using cement milk, since the strength of the ground improvement body and the time required for solidification are important, various techniques have been proposed for this purpose.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-17864 discloses a ground containing a cement-based setting retarder and a cement-based hardening accelerator comprising one or more compounds selected from triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine. An improved formulation is disclosed.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 53-139633 discloses an accelerator containing triethanolamine, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, which promotes hardening of a cement suitable for use in underground mining equipment.
発明の概要
本発明は、地盤改良体の初期強度が高く、地盤改良体からの六価クロムなどの環境汚染物質の溶出が少ない、地盤の改良方法を提供する。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a ground improvement method in which the ground improvement body has a high initial strength and less elution of environmental pollutants such as hexavalent chromium from the ground improvement body.
本発明は、土壌に、水硬性粉体と、炭酸水素ナトリウム、硫酸ナトリウム、チオ硫酸ナトリウム、亜ジチオン酸ナトリウム、及びピロ亜硫酸ナトリウムから選ばれる１種以上の化合物〔以下、化合物（ａ）という〕と、ヒドロキシメタンスルホン酸又はその塩及びヒドロキシメタンスルフィン酸又はその塩から選ばれる１種以上の化合物〔以下、化合物（ｂ）という〕とを混合する地盤の改良工法であって、
化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを、化合物（ａ）／化合物（ｂ）の質量比が、１．０以上９９以下で混合し、
化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを、合計で、水硬性粉体に対して０．５質量％以上２０．０質量％以下で混合する、
地盤の改良工法に関する。The present invention relates to a method for preparing a hydraulic powder, one or more compounds selected from sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, sodium dithionite, and sodium pyrosulfite (hereinafter referred to as compound (a)) in soil. And one or more compounds selected from hydroxymethanesulfonic acid or a salt thereof and hydroxymethanesulfinic acid or a salt thereof (hereinafter, referred to as compound (b)).
Compound (a) and compound (b) are mixed at a compound (a) / compound (b) mass ratio of 1.0 or more and 99 or less,
The compound (a) and the compound (b) are mixed in a total amount of 0.5% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less based on the hydraulic powder.
It relates to a method of improving the ground.
また、本発明は、土壌と、水硬性粉体と、化合物（ａ）と、化合物（ｂ）とを含有し、化合物（ａ）／化合物（ｂ）の質量比が１．０以上９９以下であり、水硬性粉体の含有量に対する化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）の合計含有量が０．５質量％以上２０．０質量％以下である、地盤改良体に関する。 Further, the present invention comprises soil, hydraulic powder, compound (a) and compound (b), and the mass ratio of compound (a) / compound (b) is 1.0 or more and 99 or less. The present invention relates to a ground improvement body wherein the total content of the compound (a) and the compound (b) with respect to the content of the hydraulic powder is from 0.5% by mass to 20.0% by mass.
また、本発明は、水と、水硬性粉体と、化合物（ａ）と、化合物（ｂ）とを含有するスラリーと土壌との混合物を硬化させてなる地盤改良体であって、
前記スラリーは、水／水硬性粉体の質量比が０．５以上１．５以下であり、
前記スラリーは、化合物（ａ）／化合物（ｂ）の質量比が１．０以上９９以下であり、
前記スラリーは、水硬性粉体の含有量に対する化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）の合計含有量が０．５質量％以上２０．０質量％以下であり、
土壌１ｍ３あたりの前記スラリーの混合量が１００ｋｇ以上８００ｋｇ以下である、
地盤改良体に関する。Further, the present invention is a ground improvement body obtained by curing a mixture of a slurry containing water, hydraulic powder, a compound (a) and a compound (b), and soil,
The slurry has a mass ratio of water / hydraulic powder of 0.5 or more and 1.5 or less,
The slurry has a compound (a) / compound (b) mass ratio of 1.0 to 99,
The slurry has a total content of the compound (a) and the compound (b) of not less than 0.5% by mass and not more than 20.0% by mass with respect to the content of the hydraulic powder,
The mixing amount of the slurry per 1 m 3 of soil is 100 kg or more and 800 kg or less,
It relates to a ground improvement body.
また、本発明は、化合物（ａ）と、化合物（ｂ）とを含有し、化合物（ａ）／化合物（ｂ）の質量比が１．０以上９９以下である、地盤改良用添加剤組成物に関する。 The present invention also provides a ground improvement additive composition containing a compound (a) and a compound (b), wherein the mass ratio of the compound (a) / the compound (b) is 1.0 or more and 99 or less. About.
また、本発明は、水と、水硬性粉体と、化合物（ａ）と、化合物（ｂ）とを含有する地盤改良材用スラリーであって、水／水硬性粉体の質量比が０．５以上１．５以下であり、化合物（ａ）／化合物（ｂ）の質量比が１．０以上９９以下であり、水硬性粉体の含有量に対する化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）の合計含有量が０．５質量％以上２０．０質量％以下である、地盤改良用スラリーに関する。 The present invention is also a ground improving material slurry containing water, hydraulic powder, compound (a) and compound (b), wherein the mass ratio of water / hydraulic powder is 0.1. 5 to 1.5, the mass ratio of compound (a) / compound (b) is 1.0 to 99, and the sum of compound (a) and compound (b) with respect to the content of hydraulic powder The present invention relates to a ground improvement slurry having a content of 0.5% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less.
また、本発明は、水硬性粉体と、化合物（ａ）と、化合物（ｂ）とを含有し、化合物（ａ）／化合物（ｂ）の質量比が１．０以上９９以下であり、水硬性粉体の含有量に対する化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）の合計の含有量が０．５質量％以上２０．０質量％以下である、地盤改良用粉末固化材組成物に関する。 The present invention also includes a hydraulic powder, a compound (a) and a compound (b), wherein the mass ratio of the compound (a) / the compound (b) is 1.0 or more and 99 or less, The present invention relates to a powder solidifying material composition for ground improvement, wherein the total content of the compound (a) and the compound (b) with respect to the content of the hard powder is 0.5% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less.
本発明によれば、地盤改良体の初期強度が高く、地盤改良体からの六価クロムなどの環境汚染物質の溶出が少ない、地盤の改良方法が提供される。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the initial strength of a ground improvement body is high, and the elution of environmental pollutants, such as hexavalent chromium, from a ground improvement body is provided, and the improvement method of the ground is provided.
発明を実施するための形態
〔地盤の改良工法〕
本発明の地盤の改良工法は、土壌が種々の地盤を対象とすることができる。
本発明の地盤の改良工法では、好ましくは土壌が酸性土である。ここで、酸性土とは、地盤工学会基準（ＪＧＳ０２１１−２００９）「土懸濁液のｐＨ試験方法」において、ｐＨ７以下の土壌をいう。Embodiments for Implementing the Invention [Soil Improvement Method]
The soil improvement method of the present invention can be applied to various types of soil.
In the ground improvement method of the present invention, preferably, the soil is acidic soil. Here, the acidic soil refers to a soil having a pH of 7 or less in the Japanese Geotechnical Society standard (JGS0211-2009) “pH test method of soil suspension”.
本発明の地盤の改良工法では、好ましくは土壌がアロフェンを含む土壌である。アロフェンを含む土壌は、土壌中のアロフェン量が、土壌の乾燥質量基準で、５．０質量％以上、更に１０．０質量％以上、そして、９０．０質量％以下、更に８０．０質量％以下のものが挙げられる。
本発明の地盤の改良工法は、アロフェンを含む酸性土を対象とすることもできる。In the ground improvement method of the present invention, preferably, the soil is soil containing allophane. In the soil containing allophane, the amount of allophane in the soil is 5.0% by mass or more, further 10.0% by mass or more, and 90.0% by mass or less, further 80.0% by mass based on the dry mass of the soil. The following are mentioned.
The ground improvement method of the present invention can be applied to an acid soil containing allophane.
本発明の地盤の改良工法では、土壌が、好ましくは酸性土、アロフェンを含む土壌、及びアロフェンを含む酸性土から選ばれる１種以上の土壌である。 In the ground improvement method of the present invention, the soil is preferably at least one kind of soil selected from acid soil, soil containing allophane, and acid soil containing allophane.
土壌中のアロフェン量は、下記文献（Ａ）に記載の「酸−アルカリ交互溶解法」で測定することができる。
文献（Ａ）：北川靖夫「土壌中のアロフェンおよび非晶質無機成分の定量に関する研究」、農業技術研究所報告 Ｂ 第２９号、１〜４８頁（１９７７）The amount of allophane in the soil can be measured by the “acid-alkali alternating dissolution method” described in the following document (A).
Reference (A): Yasuo Kitagawa, "Study on Determination of Allophane and Amorphous Inorganic Components in Soil", Agricultural Research Institute Report No. 29, pp. 1-48 (1977)
本発明の地盤改良方法は、酸性土や海成粘土、土壌がアロフェンを含む粘性な土壌、すなわち粘土を含む土壌であっても効果が発現する。
また、本発明の地盤改良工法は、アロフェンと海水とを含んだ土壌や、アロフェンを含む海成粘性土の地盤改良にも使用できる。The effect of the soil improvement method of the present invention is exhibited even when the soil is acidic soil, marine clay, or a viscous soil containing allophane, that is, a soil containing clay.
The soil improvement method of the present invention can also be used for soil improvement of soil containing allophane and seawater or marine cohesive soil containing allophane.
本発明の地盤の改良工法では、好ましくは土壌が、オキシソル、アルティソル、及びアンディソルから選ばれる土壌である。これらの土壌は、米国農務省による土壌分類（Soil Taxonomy）の土壌目に基づいて分類された土壌である。 In the ground improvement method of the present invention, preferably, the soil is a soil selected from Oxisol, Artisol, and Andisol. These soils are soils classified based on the soil classification of the US Department of Agriculture's Soil Taxonomy.
酸性土やアロフェンを含む土壌の場合、活性なアルミニウム成分に富んだ土壌であることから、本発明の地盤改良用添加剤組成物を所定条件で添加することで、これらの土壌に含まれる活性なアルミニウムが、エトリンガイトに効率的に変換されるために地盤改良体の強度が高くなっているものと推察している。 In the case of an acid soil or a soil containing allophane, since the soil is rich in an active aluminum component, by adding the soil improvement additive composition of the present invention under predetermined conditions, the active soil contained in these soils is reduced. It is speculated that the strength of the ground improvement body is increased because aluminum is efficiently converted to ettringite.
水硬性粉体は、水和反応により硬化する物性を有する粉体のことであり、セメント、石膏等が挙げられる。好ましくはセメント、例えば、普通ポルトランドセメント等のポルトランドセメント、ビーライトセメント、中庸熱セメント、早強セメント、超早強セメント、耐硫酸塩セメント等のセメントである。また、セメント等に高炉スラグ、フライアッシュ、シリカフュームなどのポゾラン作用及び／又は潜在水硬性を有する粉体や、石粉（炭酸カルシウム粉末）等が添加された高炉スラグセメント、フライアッシュセメント、シリカフュームセメント等でもよい。水硬性粉体は、ポルトランドセメントを含む水硬性粉体が好ましい。 The hydraulic powder is a powder having physical properties to be hardened by a hydration reaction, and examples thereof include cement and gypsum. Preferably, cement, for example, Portland cement such as ordinary Portland cement, belite cement, moderate heat cement, early-strength cement, ultra-high-strength cement, sulfate-resistant cement or the like is preferred. In addition, blast furnace slag cement, fly ash cement, silica fume cement, etc. obtained by adding powder having pozzolanic action and / or latent hydraulic property such as blast furnace slag, fly ash, silica fume and the like, or stone powder (calcium carbonate powder) to cement etc. May be. The hydraulic powder is preferably a hydraulic powder containing Portland cement.
なお、本発明では、水硬性粉体の量は、水和反応により硬化する物性を有する粉体の量であるが、水硬性粉体が、ポゾラン作用を有する粉体、潜在水硬性を有する粉体、及び石粉（炭酸カルシウム粉末）から選ばれる粉体を含む場合、本発明では、それらの量も水硬性粉体の量に算入する。 In the present invention, the amount of the hydraulic powder is an amount of a powder having physical properties to be hardened by a hydration reaction, but the hydraulic powder is a powder having a pozzolanic effect, and a powder having a latent hydraulic property. In the present invention, when a powder selected from a body and a stone powder (calcium carbonate powder) is included, their amounts are also included in the amount of the hydraulic powder.
化合物（ａ）は、炭酸水素ナトリウム、硫酸ナトリウム、チオ硫酸ナトリウム、亜ジチオン酸ナトリウム、及びピロ亜硫酸ナトリウムから選ばれる１種以上の化合物である。
硬化体である地盤改良体の強度の観点から、化合物（ａ）は、炭酸水素ナトリウム、及び硫酸ナトリウムから選ばれる１種以上の化合物が好ましい。
硬化体である地盤改良体からの六価クロムなどの環境汚染物質の溶出抑制の観点から、化合物（ａ）は、チオ硫酸ナトリウム、亜ジチオン酸ナトリウム、及びピロ亜硫酸ナトリウムから選ばれる１種以上の化合物が好ましい。
本発明では、化合物（ａ）を２種以上用いることができる。化合物（ａ）を２種以上用いる場合は、炭酸水素ナトリウム、硫酸ナトリウム、及びチオ硫酸ナトリウムから選ばれる１種以上の化合物が化合物（ａ）に含まれることが好ましく、硫酸ナトリウム、及びチオ硫酸ナトリウムから選ばれる１種以上の化合物が化合物（ａ）に含まれることがより好ましい。例えば、化合物（ａ）として、硫酸ナトリウム及びチオ硫酸ナトリウムを用いる場合、チオ硫酸ナトリウム／硫酸ナトリウム質量比は、０．１０以上、更に０．２５以上、そして、９．０以下、更に８．０以下から選択することができる。Compound (a) is one or more compounds selected from sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, sodium dithionite, and sodium pyrosulfite.
From the viewpoint of the strength of the ground improvement body that is a hardened body, the compound (a) is preferably one or more compounds selected from sodium hydrogen carbonate and sodium sulfate.
From the viewpoint of suppressing elution of environmental pollutants such as hexavalent chromium from the ground improvement body which is a cured body, the compound (a) is one or more kinds selected from sodium thiosulfate, sodium dithionite, and sodium pyrosulfite. Compounds are preferred.
In the present invention, two or more compounds (a) can be used. When two or more compounds (a) are used, it is preferable that one or more compounds selected from sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium sulfate, and sodium thiosulfate are included in the compound (a), and sodium sulfate and sodium thiosulfate are used. More preferably, the compound (a) contains one or more compounds selected from For example, when sodium sulfate and sodium thiosulfate are used as the compound (a), the mass ratio of sodium thiosulfate / sodium sulfate is 0.10 or more, further 0.25 or more, and 9.0 or less, further 8.0. You can choose from:
化合物（ｂ）は、ヒドロキシメタンスルホン酸又はその塩及びヒドロキシメタンスルフィン酸又はその塩から選ばれる１種以上の化合物である。化合物（ａ）は、２種以上を用いることができる。ヒドロキシメタンスルホン酸及びヒドロキシメタンスルフィン酸の塩は、それぞれ、アルカリ金属塩が好ましく、ナトリウム塩がより好ましい。ヒドロキシメタンスルホン酸及びヒドロキシメタンスルフィン酸の塩は、それぞれ、水和物の粉末品も使用できるが、量は無水物換算量とする。 Compound (b) is at least one compound selected from hydroxymethanesulfonic acid or a salt thereof and hydroxymethanesulfinic acid or a salt thereof. As the compound (a), two or more kinds can be used. Each of the salts of hydroxymethanesulfonic acid and hydroxymethanesulfinic acid is preferably an alkali metal salt, and more preferably a sodium salt. The hydroxymethanesulfonic acid and the salt of hydroxymethanesulfinic acid can each be used in the form of a hydrate powder, but the amount is in terms of anhydride.
本発明の地盤の改良工法では、地盤改良体の強度発現性の観点から、土壌に、水硬性粉体を、水硬性粉体／土壌の質量比が、好ましくは０．０１以上、より好ましくは０．０５以上、更に好ましくは０．１以上、そして、経済性の観点から、好ましくは１．０以下、より好ましくは０．９以下、更に好ましくは０．８以下で混合する。 In the ground improvement method of the present invention, from the viewpoint of the strength development of the ground improvement body, the hydraulic powder is added to the soil, and the hydraulic powder / soil mass ratio is preferably 0.01 or more, more preferably 0.05 or more, more preferably 0.1 or more, and from the viewpoint of economy, preferably 1.0 or less, more preferably 0.9 or less, and still more preferably 0.8 or less.
また、本発明の地盤の改良工法では、強度発現性の観点から、化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを、化合物（ａ）／化合物（ｂ）の質量比が、１．０以上、好ましくは１．５以上、より好ましくは４．０以上、そして、六価クロム溶出抑制の観点から、９９以下、好ましくは１９以下、より好ましくは９．０以下で混合する。 In the ground improvement method of the present invention, from the viewpoint of strength development, the compound (a) and the compound (b) are preferably combined so that the mass ratio of the compound (a) / the compound (b) is 1.0 or more, preferably Is 1.5 or more, more preferably 4.0 or more, and from the viewpoint of suppressing the dissolution of hexavalent chromium, 99 or less, preferably 19 or less, more preferably 9.0 or less.
また、本発明の地盤の改良工法では、地盤改良体の強度発現性、あるいは地盤改良体からの六価クロム溶出抑制の観点から、化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを、合計で、水硬性粉体に対して０．５質量％以上、好ましくは１．０質量％以上、より好ましくは２．０質量％以上、そして、経済性の観点から、２０．０質量％以下、好ましくは１０．０質量％以下、より好ましくは８．０質量％以下で混合する。 In the ground improvement method of the present invention, the compound (a) and the compound (b) are combined with water from the viewpoint of the strength development of the ground improvement body or the suppression of hexavalent chromium elution from the ground improvement body. 0.5% by mass or more, preferably 1.0% by mass or more, more preferably 2.0% by mass or more, and 20.0% by mass or less, preferably 10% by mass or less, from the viewpoint of economy. It is mixed at 0.0% by mass or less, more preferably 8.0% by mass or less.
化合物（ｂ）のうち、ヒドロキシメタンスルホン酸又はその塩は、水硬性粉体に対して、好ましくは０．０５質量％以上、より好ましくは０．１質量％以上、更に好ましくは０．２質量％以上、そして、好ましくは１．５質量％以下、より好ましくは１．０質量％以下、更に好ましくは０．８質量％以下で混合する。
化合物（ｂ）のうち、ヒドロキシメタンスルフィン酸又はその塩は、水硬性粉体に対して、好ましくは０．０５質量％以上、より好ましくは０．１質量％以上、更に好ましくは０．２質量％以上、そして、好ましくは１．０質量％以下、より好ましくは０．８質量％以下、更に好ましくは０．５質量％以下で混合する。
化合物（ｂ）を複数用いる場合は、これらの範囲から、合計の混合量が、水硬性粉体に対して０．０１質量％以上２．０質量％以下となるように混合する。Of the compound (b), hydroxymethanesulfonic acid or a salt thereof is preferably 0.05% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and still more preferably 0.2% by mass, based on the hydraulic powder. %, And preferably 1.5% by mass or less, more preferably 1.0% by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.8% by mass or less.
Of the compound (b), hydroxymethanesulfinic acid or a salt thereof is preferably 0.05% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and still more preferably 0.2% by mass, based on the hydraulic powder. % Or more, preferably 1.0% by mass or less, more preferably 0.8% by mass or less, and still more preferably 0.5% by mass or less.
When a plurality of compounds (b) are used, they are mixed from these ranges so that the total mixing amount is from 0.01% by mass to 2.0% by mass with respect to the hydraulic powder.
本発明の地盤の改良工法は、表層改良工法、深層改良工法、鋼管杭工法、シールド工法などの工法に適用できる。例えば、深層改良工法では、高圧噴射工法、ＴＲＤ工法、ＳＭＷ工法などに適用できる。 The ground improvement method of the present invention can be applied to surface layer improvement method, deep layer improvement method, steel pipe pile method, shield method and the like. For example, the deep layer improvement method can be applied to a high-pressure injection method, a TRD method, an SMW method, and the like.
本発明の地盤の改良工法として、土壌に、水硬性粉体と、化合物（ａ）と、化合物（ｂ）とを混合する地盤の改良工法であって、
化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを、化合物（ａ）／化合物（ｂ）の質量比が、１．０以上９９以下で混合し、
化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを、合計で、水硬性粉体に対して０．５質量％以上２０．０質量％以下で混合する、
地盤改良体からの六価クロムの溶出量を低減する、地盤の改良工法が挙げられる。
また、本発明は、土壌に、水硬性粉体と、化合物（ａ）と、化合物（ｂ）とを混合する、地盤改良体からの六価クロムの溶出量の低減方法であって、
化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを、化合物（ａ）／化合物（ｂ）の質量比が、１．０以上９９以下で混合し、
化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを、合計で、水硬性粉体に対して０．５質量％以上２０．０質量％以下で混合する、
地盤改良体からの六価クロムの溶出量の低減方法を提供する。
これらの方法には、本発明の地盤の改良工法で述べた事項を適宜適用することができる。As a soil improvement method of the present invention, a soil improvement method of mixing a hydraulic powder, a compound (a) and a compound (b) with soil,
Compound (a) and compound (b) are mixed at a compound (a) / compound (b) mass ratio of 1.0 or more and 99 or less,
The compound (a) and the compound (b) are mixed in a total amount of 0.5% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less based on the hydraulic powder.
There is a ground improvement method for reducing the amount of hexavalent chromium eluted from the ground improvement body.
Further, the present invention is a method for reducing the amount of hexavalent chromium eluting from a ground improvement body, comprising mixing a hydraulic powder, a compound (a), and a compound (b) into soil.
Compound (a) and compound (b) are mixed at a compound (a) / compound (b) mass ratio of 1.0 or more and 99 or less,
The compound (a) and the compound (b) are mixed in a total amount of 0.5% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less based on the hydraulic powder.
Provided is a method for reducing the amount of hexavalent chromium eluted from a ground improvement body.
The matters described in the ground improvement method of the present invention can be appropriately applied to these methods.
本発明の地盤改良工法では、水硬性粉体と化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを、下記（Ｉ）及び（II）のいずれかの方法で土壌と混合することが好ましい。地盤改良体の均一性の観点から、方法（Ｉ）が好ましい。
＜方法（Ｉ）＞
水と、水硬性粉体と、化合物（ａ）と、化合物（ｂ）とを含有し、水／水硬性粉体の質量比が０．５以上１．５以下であるスラリーを、土壌と混合する方法。
＜方法（II）＞
水硬性粉体と、化合物（ａ）と、化合物（ｂ）とを、それぞれ、粉体で土壌と混合する方法。
以下、方法（Ｉ）と（II）について説明する。In the ground improvement method of the present invention, it is preferable that the hydraulic powder, the compound (a) and the compound (b) are mixed with the soil by any one of the following methods (I) and (II). From the viewpoint of the uniformity of the ground improvement body, the method (I) is preferable.
<Method (I)>
A slurry containing water, hydraulic powder, compound (a) and compound (b) and having a water / hydraulic powder mass ratio of 0.5 or more and 1.5 or less is mixed with soil. how to.
<Method (II)>
A method in which hydraulic powder, compound (a) and compound (b) are each mixed with soil in powder form.
Hereinafter, the methods (I) and (II) will be described.
＜方法（Ｉ）＞
方法（Ｉ）では、土壌１ｍ３あたりのスラリーの混合量が１００ｋｇ以上８００ｋｇ以下であることが好ましい。
また、方法（Ｉ）では、スラリー中の水硬性粉体／土壌の質量比が０．０１以上１．０以下であることが好ましい。
また、方法（Ｉ）では、スラリーの調製に用いる水は、真水、海水の何れも用いることが出来る。スラリーの水の少なくとも一部が海水であってもよい。<Method (I)>
In the method (I), the mixing amount of the slurry per 1 m 3 of soil is preferably 100 kg or more and 800 kg or less.
In the method (I), the mass ratio of hydraulic powder / soil in the slurry is preferably 0.01 or more and 1.0 or less.
In the method (I), the water used for preparing the slurry may be either fresh water or seawater. At least a portion of the slurry water may be seawater.
水と水硬性粉体と化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを混合してスラリーを調製する具体的な方法は、セメントミルクなどの水硬性組成物を調製する公知の方法に準じてよい。 A specific method for preparing a slurry by mixing water, hydraulic powder, compound (a) and compound (b) may be in accordance with a known method for preparing a hydraulic composition such as cement milk.
方法（Ｉ）では、セメントミルクと地盤との混合性の観点から、スラリーにおける水／水硬性粉体の質量比は、０．５以上、好ましくは０．６以上、より好ましくは０．８以上、そして、地盤改良体の強度発現性の観点から、１．５以下、好ましくは１．２以下、より好ましくは１．０以下である。 In the method (I), the mass ratio of water / hydraulic powder in the slurry is 0.5 or more, preferably 0.6 or more, more preferably 0.8 or more from the viewpoint of the mixing property between the cement milk and the ground. And from a viewpoint of the strength development of a ground improvement object, it is 1.5 or less, Preferably it is 1.2 or less, More preferably, it is 1.0 or less.
スラリーを地盤に注入する具体的な方法は、公知の地盤改良方法に準じてよい。
スラリーを地盤に注入する方法として、例えば、噴射撹拌工法（一相流方式、二相流方式、三相流方式）や機械撹拌工法（ＣＤＭ工法など）、さらに地中連続壁工法（ＳＭＷ工法、ＴＲＤ工法など）などが挙げられる。さらに水硬性粉体に化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とをドライブレンドした系では、粉体混合方式のＤＪＭ（Ｄｒｙ Ｊｅｔ Ｍｉｘｉｎｇ）工法やスタビライザなどを使用した浅層改良などにも使用できる。A specific method of injecting the slurry into the ground may be in accordance with a known ground improvement method.
As a method of injecting the slurry into the ground, for example, a jet stirring method (one-phase flow method, two-phase flow method, three-phase flow method), a mechanical stirring method (CDM method, etc.), and an underground continuous wall method (SMW method, TRD method). Further, a system in which the compound (a) and the compound (b) are dry-blended with hydraulic powder can be used for a DJM (Dry Jet Mixing) method of a powder mixing method, a shallow layer improvement using a stabilizer, or the like.
方法（Ｉ）では、地盤改良体の強度発現性の観点から、土壌１ｍ３あたりのスラリーの混合量が１００ｋｇ以上、好ましくは１５０ｋｇ以上、より好ましくは２００ｋｇ以上、そして、スラリーと置換される排泥量の低減の観点から、８００ｋｇ以下、好ましくは７００ｋｇ以下、より好ましくは６００ｋｇ以下である。In the method (I), the mixing amount of the slurry per 1 m 3 of the soil is 100 kg or more, preferably 150 kg or more, more preferably 200 kg or more, and the sludge replaced with the slurry from the viewpoint of the strength development of the ground improvement body. From the viewpoint of reducing the amount, it is 800 kg or less, preferably 700 kg or less, more preferably 600 kg or less.
スラリーと土壌の混合物は、公知の地盤改良方法に準じて固化させる。 The mixture of the slurry and the soil is solidified according to a known soil improvement method.
方法（Ｉ）のより具体的な例として、下記の工程１〜３を有する地盤の改良工法が挙げられる。
＜工程１＞
水と、水硬性粉体と、化合物（ａ）と、化合物（ｂ）とを混合してスラリーを調製する工程であって、水と水硬性粉体とを、水／水硬性粉体の質量比が０．５以上１．５以下で混合し、化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを、化合物（ａ）／化合物（ｂ）の質量比が、１．０以上９９以下で混合し、水硬性粉体と化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを、水硬性粉体に対する化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）の合計割合が０．５質量％以上２０．０質量％以下で混合する工程
＜工程２＞
工程１で得られたスラリーを地盤に注入してスラリーと土壌とを混合して混合物を得る工程であって、土壌１ｍ３あたりのスラリーの混合量が１００ｋｇ以上８００ｋｇ以下であり、スラリー中の水硬性粉体／土壌の質量比が０．０１以上１．０以下である工程
＜工程３＞
工程２で得られたスラリーと土壌の混合物を固化させる工程As a more specific example of the method (I), there is a ground improvement method including the following steps 1 to 3.
<Step 1>
A step of preparing a slurry by mixing water, hydraulic powder, compound (a) and compound (b), wherein the water and the hydraulic powder are mixed with a mass of water / hydraulic powder. The compound is mixed at a ratio of 0.5 or more and 1.5 or less, and the compound (a) and the compound (b) are mixed at a compound (a) / compound (b) mass ratio of 1.0 or more and 99 or less, The hydraulic powder, the compound (a) and the compound (b) are mixed at a total ratio of the compound (a) and the compound (b) to the hydraulic powder of 0.5% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less. Step <
The slurry obtained in step 1 comprising the steps of obtaining a mixture by injecting into the ground a mixture of the slurry and the soil, mixing of the slurry per soil 1 m 3 is equal to or less than 800kg or 100 kg, the water in the slurry Step in which the mass ratio of hard powder / soil is 0.01 or more and 1.0 or less <Step 3>
Step of solidifying the mixture of the slurry and soil obtained in
＜方法（II）＞
方法（II）では、水硬性粉体と、化合物（ａ）と、化合物（ｂ）とを、それぞれ、粉体で土壌と混合する。水硬性粉体の粉体と化合物（ａ）の粉体と化合物（ｂ）の粉体は、別々に土壌と混合してもよいし、予め両者を混合した粉体混合物として土壌と混合してもよい。予め両者を混合した粉体混合物は、水硬性粉体の含有量に対する化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）の合計の含有量が０．５質量％以上２０．０質量％以下であることが好ましく、これは、本発明の地盤改良用粉末固化材組成物である。方法（II）では、水硬性粉体を、水硬性粉体／土壌の質量比が０．０１以上１．０以下で土壌と混合することが好ましい。また、前記粉体混合物は、水硬性粉体／土壌の質量比が０．０１以上１．０以下で土壌と混合して用いられることが好ましい。<Method (II)>
In the method (II), the hydraulic powder, the compound (a), and the compound (b) are each mixed with the soil by powder. The powder of the hydraulic powder, the powder of the compound (a) and the powder of the compound (b) may be separately mixed with the soil, or may be mixed with the soil as a powder mixture in which both are mixed in advance. Is also good. In the powder mixture in which both are mixed in advance, the total content of the compound (a) and the compound (b) with respect to the content of the hydraulic powder is preferably 0.5% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less. This is the ground solidifying powder composition of the present invention. In the method (II), the hydraulic powder is preferably mixed with the soil at a hydraulic powder / soil mass ratio of 0.01 or more and 1.0 or less. Further, it is preferable that the powder mixture is used by mixing with the soil at a mass ratio of hydraulic powder / soil of 0.01 to 1.0.
方法（II）は、例えば、土壌に、敷き均し又はかき起こしなどの処置を行った後、土壌に水硬性粉体と粉体の化合物（ａ）と粉体の化合物（ｂ）とを所定量散布し、スタビライザなどの混合機械によって、土壌と、水硬性粉体と化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを混合する転圧する方式で行うことができる。また、方法（II）は、改良しようとする地盤に、外部の土壌を搬入して敷き均した後、この土壌に水硬性粉体と粉体の化合物（ａ）と粉体の化合物（ｂ）とを散布する、いわゆる原位置混合方式で行うこともできる。また、方法（II）は、事前に土取り場等で土壌と水硬性粉体と粉体の化合物（ａ）と粉体の化合物（ｂ）とを混合した後、これを改良しようとする地盤に搬入する、いわゆる事前混合方式で行うこともできる。いずれの方法でも、土壌と、水硬性粉体及び粉体の化合物（ａ）と粉体の化合物（ｂ）との混合は、公知の方法で行うことができる。 In the method (II), for example, after a treatment such as spreading or scraping the soil, the hydraulic powder, the powder compound (a) and the powder compound (b) are added to the soil. It can be carried out by a method in which the soil, the hydraulic powder, the compound (a) and the compound (b) are mixed and mixed with a mixing machine such as a stabilizer to perform constant pressure spraying. In the method (II), the external soil is carried into the ground to be improved and spread, and then the hydraulic compound and the powdery compound (a) and the powdery compound (b) , A so-called in-situ mixing method. In the method (II), after the soil, the hydraulic powder, the powdery compound (a) and the powdery compound (b) are mixed in advance in a borrow pit or the like, the ground to be improved is mixed. , Or a so-called pre-mixing method. In any method, the mixing of the soil, the hydraulic powder and the powdery compound (a) and the powdery compound (b) can be performed by a known method.
本発明の地盤の改良工法として、酸性土に、化合物（ａ）と、化合物（ｂ）とを混合する地盤の改良工法であって、
化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを、化合物（ａ）／化合物（ｂ）の質量比が、１．０以上９９以下で混合し、
化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを、合計で、水硬性粉体に対して０．５質量％以上２０．０質量％以下で混合する、
地盤の改良工法が挙げられる。The soil improvement method of the present invention is a soil improvement method of mixing a compound (a) and a compound (b) with an acid soil,
Compound (a) and compound (b) are mixed at a compound (a) / compound (b) mass ratio of 1.0 or more and 99 or less,
The compound (a) and the compound (b) are mixed in a total amount of 0.5% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less based on the hydraulic powder.
The ground improvement method is mentioned.
本発明の地盤の改良工法として、アロフェンを含む土壌に、化合物（ａ）と、化合物（ｂ）とを混合する地盤の改良工法であって、
化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを、化合物（ａ）／化合物（ｂ）の質量比が、１．０以上９９以下で混合し、
化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを、合計で、水硬性粉体に対して０．５質量％以上２０．０質量％以下で混合する、
地盤の改良工法が挙げられる。The soil improvement method of the present invention is a soil improvement method of mixing a compound (a) and a compound (b) in soil containing allophane,
Compound (a) and compound (b) are mixed at a compound (a) / compound (b) mass ratio of 1.0 or more and 99 or less,
The compound (a) and the compound (b) are mixed in a total amount of 0.5% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less based on the hydraulic powder.
The ground improvement method is mentioned.
本発明の地盤の改良工法として、アロフェンを含む酸性土に、化合物（ａ）と、化合物（ｂ）とを混合する地盤の改良工法であって、
化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを、化合物（ａ）／化合物（ｂ）の質量比が、１．０以上９９以下で混合し、
化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを、合計で、水硬性粉体に対して０．５質量％以上２０．０質量％以下で混合する、
地盤の改良工法が挙げられる。The soil improvement method of the present invention is a soil improvement method of mixing a compound (a) and a compound (b) with an acid soil containing allophane,
Compound (a) and compound (b) are mixed at a compound (a) / compound (b) mass ratio of 1.0 or more and 99 or less,
The compound (a) and the compound (b) are mixed in a total amount of 0.5% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less based on the hydraulic powder.
The ground improvement method is mentioned.
本発明の地盤の改良工法として、土壌に、化合物（ａ）と、化合物（ｂ）とを混合する地盤の改良工法であって、
土壌が、酸性土及び／又はアロフェンを含む土壌であり、
化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを、化合物（ａ）／化合物（ｂ）の質量比が、１．０以上９９以下で混合し、
化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを、合計で、水硬性粉体に対して０．５質量％以上２０．０質量％以下で混合する、
地盤の改良工法が挙げられる。The soil improvement method of the present invention is a soil improvement method of mixing a compound (a) and a compound (b) with soil,
The soil is an acid soil and / or a soil containing allophane,
Compound (a) and compound (b) are mixed at a compound (a) / compound (b) mass ratio of 1.0 or more and 99 or less,
The compound (a) and the compound (b) are mixed in a total amount of 0.5% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less based on the hydraulic powder.
The ground improvement method is mentioned.
〔地盤改良体〕
本発明の地盤改良体は、土壌と、水硬性粉体と、化合物（ａ）と、化合物（ｂ）とを含有し、化合物（ａ）／化合物（ｂ）の質量比が１．０以上９９以下であり、水硬性粉体の含有量に対する化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）の合計含有量が０．５質量％以上２０．０質量％以下である、地盤改良体である。この地盤改良体は、土壌と、水と、水硬性粉体と、化合物（ａ）と、化合物（ｂ）とを所定量含有するスラリーを硬化させてなる地盤改良体であってよい。この地盤改良体は、好ましくは水硬性粉体／土壌の質量比が０．０１以上１．０以下である。
従って、本発明は、水と、水硬性粉体と、化合物（ａ）と、化合物（ｂ）とを含有するスラリーと土壌との混合物を硬化させてなる地盤改良体であって、
前記スラリーは、水／水硬性粉体の質量比が０．５以上１．５以下であり、
前記スラリーは、化合物（ａ）／化合物（ｂ）の質量比が１．０以上９９以下であり、
前記スラリーは、水硬性粉体の含有量に対する化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）の合計含有量が０．５質量％以上２０．０質量％以下であり、
土壌１ｍ３あたりの前記スラリーの混合量が１００ｋｇ以上８００ｋｇ以下である、
地盤改良体もまた提供する。前記混合物は、好ましくは水硬性粉体／土壌の質量比が０．０１以上１．０以下である。(Soil improvement)
The ground improvement body of the present invention contains soil, hydraulic powder, compound (a), and compound (b), and has a compound (a) / compound (b) mass ratio of 1.0 or more and 99 or more. Or less, wherein the total content of the compound (a) and the compound (b) with respect to the content of the hydraulic powder is 0.5% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less. This ground improvement body may be a ground improvement body obtained by hardening a slurry containing predetermined amounts of soil, water, hydraulic powder, compound (a) and compound (b). The ground improvement body preferably has a hydraulic powder / soil mass ratio of 0.01 or more and 1.0 or less.
Therefore, the present invention is a ground improvement body obtained by hardening a mixture of a slurry containing water, hydraulic powder, a compound (a) and a compound (b), and soil,
The slurry has a water / hydraulic powder mass ratio of 0.5 or more and 1.5 or less,
The slurry has a compound (a) / compound (b) mass ratio of 1.0 to 99,
The slurry has a total content of the compound (a) and the compound (b) of not less than 0.5% by mass and not more than 20.0% by mass with respect to the content of the hydraulic powder,
The mixing amount of the slurry per 1 m 3 of soil is 100 kg or more and 800 kg or less,
A ground improvement is also provided. The mixture preferably has a hydraulic powder / soil mass ratio of 0.01 or more and 1.0 or less.
本発明の地盤改良体は、土壌と、後述する本発明の地盤改良用粉末固化材組成物とを混合してなる、地盤改良体であってよい。
また、本発明の地盤改良体は、土壌と、後述する本発明の地盤改良用スラリーとを混合してなる、地盤改良体であってよい。The ground improvement body of the present invention may be a ground improvement body obtained by mixing soil and the below-described ground solidification powder solidifying material composition of the present invention.
The ground improvement body of the present invention may be a ground improvement body obtained by mixing soil and a ground improvement slurry of the present invention described later.
本発明の地盤の改良工法で述べた事項は、本発明の地盤改良体に適宜適用することができる。
本発明の地盤改良体における、水硬性粉体、化合物（ａ）、化合物（ｂ）、土壌などの具体例、好ましい態様や、各質量比などの量的な規定も、本発明の地盤の改良工法と同じである。例えば、土壌は、酸性土、アロフェンを含む土壌、及びアロフェンを含む酸性土から選ばれる１種以上の土壌であってよい。The matters described in the ground improvement method of the present invention can be appropriately applied to the ground improvement body of the present invention.
In the ground improvement body of the present invention, specific examples of hydraulic powder, compound (a), compound (b), soil, etc., preferred embodiments, and quantitative specifications such as each mass ratio are also improved. Same as the construction method. For example, the soil may be one or more soils selected from acid soil, soil containing allophane, and acid soil containing allophane.
〔地盤改良用添加剤組成物〕
本発明の地盤改良用添加剤組成物は、化合物（ａ）と、化合物（ｂ）とを含有し、化合物（ａ）／化合物（ｂ）の質量比が１．０以上９９以下である、地盤改良用添加剤組成物である。本発明の地盤改良用添加剤組成物は、化合物（ａ）及び化合物（ｂ）からなるものであってもよい。化合物（ａ）、化合物（ｂ）は、それぞれ、２種以上を用いることができる。(Soil improvement additive composition)
The ground improvement additive composition of the present invention contains a compound (a) and a compound (b), and the mass ratio of the compound (a) / the compound (b) is 1.0 or more and 99 or less. It is an additive composition for improvement. The ground improvement additive composition of the present invention may be composed of the compound (a) and the compound (b). As the compound (a) and the compound (b), two or more kinds can be used respectively.
かかる地盤改良用添加剤組成物は、地盤改良のために土壌と混合される地盤改良材、例えばセメントミルクなどの水硬性組成物に用いられる添加剤組成物である。本発明の地盤改良用添加剤組成物を用いることで、該地盤改良体からの環境汚染物質、例えば六価クロムの溶出を抑制できる。すなわち、本発明は、化合物（ａ）と、化合物（ｂ）とを含有し、化合物（ａ）／化合物（ｂ）の質量比が１．０以上９９以下である、地盤改良用六価クロム溶出抑制剤組成物を提供できる。
本発明の地盤改良用添加剤組成物の使用量は、地盤改良材の種類、土壌（地盤）の種類などを考慮して設定できるが、本発明の地盤の改良方法や本発明の地盤改良体で述べた量となることが好ましい。本発明の地盤の改良工法で述べた事項は、適宜、本発明の地盤改良用添加剤組成物に適用することができる。
本発明の地盤改良用添加剤組成物は、酸性土用であってよい。また、本発明の地盤改良用添加剤組成物は、アロフェンを含む土壌用、更にアロフェンを含む酸性土用であってよい。Such an additive for soil improvement is an additive composition used for a soil improvement material mixed with soil for soil improvement, for example, a hydraulic composition such as cement milk. By using the soil improvement additive composition of the present invention, elution of environmental pollutants, for example, hexavalent chromium, from the ground improvement body can be suppressed. That is, the present invention comprises a compound (a) and a compound (b), and the compound (a) / compound (b) has a mass ratio of 1.0 or more and 99 or less, and leaches hexavalent chromium for soil improvement. An inhibitor composition can be provided.
The amount of the soil improving additive composition of the present invention can be set in consideration of the type of the ground improving material, the type of the soil (ground), and the like. It is preferable that the amount is as described above. The matters described in the ground improvement method of the present invention can be appropriately applied to the ground improvement additive composition of the present invention.
The soil improving additive composition of the present invention may be used for acidic soil. Further, the ground improvement additive composition of the present invention may be used for soil containing allophane, or for acid soil containing allophane.
〔地盤改良用スラリー〕
本発明の地盤改良用スラリーは、水と、水硬性粉体と、化合物（ａ）と、化合物（ｂ）とを含有する地盤改良材用スラリーであって、水／水硬性粉体の質量比が０．５以上１．５以下であり、化合物（ａ）／化合物（ｂ）の質量比が１．０以上９９以下であり、水硬性粉体の含有量に対する化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）の合計含有量が０．５質量％以上２０．０質量％以下である、地盤改良用スラリーである。本発明の地盤改良用スラリーは、水と、水硬性粉体と、地盤改良用添加剤組成物とを混合してなる地盤改良材用スラリーであって、水／水硬性粉体の質量比が０．５以上１．５以下であり、化合物（ａ）／化合物（ｂ）の質量比が１．０以上９９以下であり、水硬性粉体の含有量に対する化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）の合計含有量が０．５質量％以上２０．０質量％以下である、地盤改良用スラリーであってよい。本発明の地盤改良用スラリーは、本発明の地盤の改良工法に好ましく用いられる。本発明の地盤の改良工法、地盤改良体、地盤改良用添加剤組成物で述べた事項は、適宜、本発明の地盤改良用スラリーに適用することができる。本発明の地盤改良用スラリーは、酸性土用であってよい。また、本発明の地盤改良用スラリーは、アロフェンを含む土壌用、更にアロフェンを含む酸性土用であってよい。[Slurry for ground improvement]
The slurry for ground improvement of the present invention is a slurry for ground improvement material containing water, hydraulic powder, compound (a) and compound (b), and has a mass ratio of water / hydraulic powder. Is not less than 0.5 and not more than 1.5, the mass ratio of compound (a) / compound (b) is not less than 1.0 and not more than 99, and compound (a) and compound (b) with respect to the content of the hydraulic powder. ) Is a ground improvement slurry having a total content of 0.5% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less. The ground improvement slurry of the present invention is a ground improvement material slurry obtained by mixing water, hydraulic powder, and a ground improvement additive composition, and has a mass ratio of water / hydraulic powder. 0.5 to 1.5, the compound (a) / compound (b) mass ratio is 1.0 to 99, and the compound (a) and the compound (b) with respect to the content of the hydraulic powder. May be 0.5% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less. The ground improvement slurry of the present invention is preferably used in the ground improvement method of the present invention. The matters described in the ground improvement method, the ground improvement body, and the ground improvement additive composition of the present invention can be appropriately applied to the ground improvement slurry of the present invention. The ground improvement slurry of the present invention may be used for acid soil. Further, the ground improvement slurry of the present invention may be used for soil containing allophane, or for acid soil containing allophane.
本発明の地盤改良用スラリーは、地盤改良のために土壌と混合される地盤改良用のスラリー、例えばセメントミルクなどの水硬性組成物である。本発明の地盤改良用スラリーを用いることで、地盤の改良方法における該地盤改良体からの環境汚染物質の溶出を抑制できる。
本発明の地盤改良用スラリーの使用量は、地盤改良用スラリーの組成、土壌（地盤）の種類などを考慮して設定できるが、本発明の地盤の改良方法や本発明の地盤改良体で述べた量となることが好ましい。
本発明の地盤改良用スラリーは、土壌１ｍ３あたり１００ｋｇ以上、好ましくは１５０ｋｇ以上、より好ましくは２００ｋｇ以上、そして、８００ｋｇ以下、好ましくは７００ｋｇ以下、より好ましくは６００ｋｇ以下で土壌と混合して用いられるものが好ましい。また、本発明の地盤改良用スラリーは、該スラリー中の水硬性粉体と土壌とが、水硬性粉体／土壌の質量比が０．０１以上、好ましくは０．０５以上、より好ましくは０．１以上、そして、１．０以下、好ましくは０．９以下、より好ましくは０．８以下で、土壌と混合して用いられるものが好ましい。The ground improvement slurry of the present invention is a ground improvement slurry mixed with soil for ground improvement, for example, a hydraulic composition such as cement milk. By using the ground improvement slurry of the present invention, elution of environmental pollutants from the ground improvement body in the ground improvement method can be suppressed.
The use amount of the ground improvement slurry of the present invention can be set in consideration of the composition of the ground improvement slurry, the type of soil (ground), and the like, and is described in the ground improvement method of the present invention and the ground improvement body of the present invention. It is preferable that the amount is
Soil improvement slurry of the present invention, soil 1 m 3 per 100kg or more, is preferably at least 150 kg, more preferably 200kg or more, and, 800 kg or less, preferably used is 700kg or less, more preferably mixed with soil below 600kg Are preferred. Further, in the ground improvement slurry of the present invention, the hydraulic powder and the soil in the slurry have a hydraulic powder / soil mass ratio of 0.01 or more, preferably 0.05 or more, more preferably 0 or more. It is preferably used in a mixture of at least 1 and at most 1.0, preferably at most 0.9, more preferably at most 0.8, with the soil.
〔地盤改良用粉末固化材組成物〕
本発明の地盤改良用粉末固化材組成物は、水硬性粉体と、化合物（ａ）と、化合物（ｂ）とを含有し、化合物（ａ）／化合物（ｂ）の質量比が１．０以上９９以下であり、水硬性粉体の含有量に対する化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）の合計の含有量が０．５質量％以上２０．０質量％以下である、地盤改良用粉末固化材組成物である。本発明の地盤改良用粉末固化材組成物は、水硬性粉体と、本発明の地盤改良用添加剤組成物とを含有し、水硬性粉体の含有量に対する化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）の合計の含有量が０．５質量％以上２０．０質量％以下である、地盤改良用粉末固化材組成物であってよい。本発明の地盤改良用粉末固化材組成物は、本発明の地盤の改良工法に好ましく用いられる。本発明の地盤の改良工法、地盤改良体、地盤改良用添加剤組成物、地盤改良用スラリーで述べた事項は、適宜、本発明の地盤改良用粉末固化材組成物に適用することができる。本発明の地盤改良用粉末固化材組成物は、酸性土用であってよい。また、本発明の地地盤改良用粉末固化材組成物は、アロフェンを含む土壌用、更にアロフェンを含む酸性土用であってよい。(Powder solidification material composition for ground improvement)
The powder solidification material composition for ground improvement of the present invention contains a hydraulic powder, a compound (a) and a compound (b), and has a compound (a) / compound (b) mass ratio of 1.0. Not less than 99 and the total content of the compound (a) and the compound (b) with respect to the content of the hydraulic powder is from 0.5% by mass to 20.0% by mass. A composition. The ground solidifying powder solidification material composition of the present invention contains a hydraulic powder and the ground improving additive composition of the present invention, and the compound (a) and the compound (b) with respect to the content of the hydraulic powder. ), The total content of which is 0.5% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less. The powder solidification material composition for ground improvement of the present invention is preferably used for the ground improvement method of the present invention. The matters described in the ground improvement method, the ground improvement body, the ground improvement additive composition, and the ground improvement slurry of the present invention can be appropriately applied to the ground improvement powder solidification material composition of the present invention. The powder solidification material composition for ground improvement of the present invention may be for acid soil. Further, the powdered solidifying material composition for ground improvement of the present invention may be used for soil containing allophane, or for acid soil containing allophane.
本発明の地盤改良用粉末固化材組成物は、地盤改良のために土壌と混合される地盤改良用の粉末固化材である。本発明の地盤改良用粉末固化材組成物を用いることで、該地盤改良体からの環境汚染物質の溶出を抑制できる。
本発明の地盤改良用粉末固化材組成物の使用量は、当該組成物の組成、土壌（地盤）の種類などを考慮して設定できるが、本発明の地盤の改良方法や本発明の地盤改良体で述べた量となることが好ましい。
本発明の地盤改良用粉末固化材組成物は、水硬性粉体／土壌の質量比が０．０１以上、好ましくは０．０５以上、より好ましくは０．１以上、そして、１．０以下、好ましくは０．９以下、より好ましくは０．８以下で、土壌と混合して用いられるものが好ましい。The powder solidification material composition for ground improvement of the present invention is a powder solidification material for ground improvement mixed with soil for soil improvement. By using the powder solidification material composition for ground improvement of the present invention, elution of environmental pollutants from the ground improvement body can be suppressed.
The amount of the ground solidification powder solidifying material composition of the present invention can be set in consideration of the composition of the composition, the type of soil (ground), and the like. Preferably, the amount will be the amount stated in the body.
The powder solidifying material composition for ground improvement of the present invention has a mass ratio of hydraulic powder / soil of 0.01 or more, preferably 0.05 or more, more preferably 0.1 or more, and 1.0 or less, Preferably, it is 0.9 or less, more preferably 0.8 or less, and is used in combination with soil.
実施例
＜ソイルセメントスラリー＞
表１、２の成分を用いてソイルセメントスラリー（Ｉ）、（II）を調製し、以下の実施例、比較例で用いた。なお、ソイルセメントスラリーを製造するにあたり、表３〜１２の添加剤を、粉体に対する添加量が表３〜１２の通りとなるように、セメントスラリーの調製に用いる水（練り水）に添加して用いた。表１（１）の模擬粘土のｐＨは、前記方法で測定して、６．４であった。また表２（２）の現地土は、火山灰質粘性土（関東ローム）であり、該現地土のｐＨは、前記方法で測定して、６．２であった。Example <Soil cement slurry>
Soil cement slurries (I) and (II) were prepared using the components shown in Tables 1 and 2, and used in the following Examples and Comparative Examples. In addition, in producing the soil cement slurry, the additives in Tables 3 to 12 were added to water (kneading water) used for the preparation of the cement slurry so that the amount of addition to the powder was as shown in Tables 3 to 12. Used. The pH of the simulated clay in Table 1 (1) was 6.4 as measured by the method described above. In addition, the local soil in Table 2 (2) was a volcanic ash cohesive soil (Kanto loam), and the pH of the local soil was 6.2 as measured by the above method.
粉体は、下記のものを表３以降の表の組み合わせで用いた。
・ＮＣ：普通ポルトランドセメント、住友大阪セメント（株）製、比重３．１５
・ＳＬ：高炉スラグ、日鐵住金セメント（株）製スピリッツ４０００、比重２．９１
・無水石膏：（株）コクサイ商事製The following powders were used in combination in the tables from Table 3 onward.
-NC: ordinary Portland cement, manufactured by Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd., specific gravity 3.15
・ SL: Blast furnace slag, Nippon Steel & Sumikin Cement Co., Ltd. Spirits 4000, specific gravity 2.91
-Anhydrite: manufactured by Kokusai Shoji Co., Ltd.
＜実施例１及び比較例１＞
（１）地盤改良体の調製
表１のソイルセメントスラリー（Ｉ）を、型枠（直径５０ｍｍ×高さ１００ｍｍ）に充填した。充填は、テーブルバイブレータで１５秒の２層詰めとした。供試体は４本作製した。なお、ソイルセメントスラリー（Ｉ）は、土壌１ｍ３あたりのセメントスラリーの注入量が４００ｋｇのものを用いた。<Example 1 and Comparative Example 1>
(1) Preparation of ground improvement body The soil cement slurry (I) of Table 1 was filled into a mold (
（２）六価クロム溶出量の測定
ソイルセメントスラリー（Ｉ）を充填した型枠を、２０±２℃で静置し、７日後に脱型し、硬化体を得た。硬化体を粉砕し、２ｍｍふるいにかけ、ふるい通過物を２４時間風乾させた。５０ｍｌ遠沈管に風乾物４．０ｇを採取し、ｐＨ６．０に調整した蒸留水４０．０ｇを添加し、アズワン（株）製チューブローテーター（５０ｒｐｍ）で６時間振とうした。振とう後、３０００ｒｐｍで３分間遠心分離した。上澄み液中の六価クロム濃度をハンナインスツルメンツ・ジャパン株式会社製デジタル吸光光度計「ＨＩ７２３」にて分析した。結果を表３に示した。(2) Measurement of hexavalent chromium elution amount The mold filled with the soil cement slurry (I) was allowed to stand at 20 ± 2 ° C., and after 7 days, the mold was removed to obtain a cured product. The cured product was pulverized, sieved through a 2 mm sieve, and the material passed through the sieve was air-dried for 24 hours. 4.0 g of the air-dried product was collected in a 50 ml centrifuge tube, 40.0 g of distilled water adjusted to pH 6.0 was added, and the mixture was shaken with a tube rotator (50 rpm) manufactured by AS ONE Corporation for 6 hours. After shaking, the mixture was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 3 minutes. The hexavalent chromium concentration in the supernatant was analyzed with a digital absorption spectrophotometer "HI723" manufactured by Hanna Instruments Japan KK. The results are shown in Table 3.
（３）７日強度の測定
（２）で得た硬化体（地盤改良体）の強度を、一軸圧縮試験機により測定した。結果を表３に示した。(3) Measurement of 7-day strength The strength of the cured body (ground improvement body) obtained in (2) was measured using a uniaxial compression tester. The results are shown in Table 3.
表３中、添加量は、粉体に対する質量％であり、（ａ）＋（ｂ）は、粉体に対する化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）の合計添加量（質量％）を示す（以下同様）。 In Table 3, the addition amount is% by mass with respect to the powder, and (a) + (b) indicates the total addition amount (% by mass) of the compound (a) and the compound (b) with respect to the powder (hereinafter the same). ).
＜実施例２及び比較例２＞
実施例１と同様に、ただし、添加剤の種類及び添加量を表４の通りとして、硬化体を調製し、硬化体からの六価クロム溶出量と硬化体の強度を測定した。結果を表４に示した。表４には、実施例１の一部と比較例１の一部の結果も併記した。<Example 2 and Comparative Example 2>
A cured product was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the types and amounts of additives were as shown in Table 4, and the amount of hexavalent chromium eluted from the cured product and the strength of the cured product were measured. The results are shown in Table 4. Table 4 also shows some results of Example 1 and some results of Comparative Example 1.
＜実施例３及び比較例３＞
実施例１と同様に、ただし、添加剤の種類及び添加量を表５の通りとし、また、ソイルセメントスラリー（Ｉ）の調製に用いた模擬粘土中のアロフェン含有量を表５の通りとして（アロフェン量と粘土の量の合計を一定として両者の量を調整する）、硬化体を調製し、硬化体からの六価クロム溶出量と硬化体の強度を測定した。結果を表５に示した。表５には、実施例１の一部と比較例１の一部の結果も併記した。<Example 3 and Comparative Example 3>
As in Example 1, except that the types and amounts of additives were as shown in Table 5, and the allophane content in the simulated clay used for preparing the soil cement slurry (I) was as shown in Table 5 ( The sum of the amount of allophane and the amount of clay was kept constant and the amounts of both were adjusted), a cured product was prepared, and the amount of hexavalent chromium eluted from the cured product and the strength of the cured product were measured. Table 5 shows the results. Table 5 also shows some results of Example 1 and some results of Comparative Example 1.
＜実施例４及び比較例４＞
実施例１と同様に、ただし、粉体の種類、及び添加剤の種類と添加量を表６の通りとして、硬化体を調製し、硬化体からの六価クロム溶出量と硬化体の強度を測定した。結果を表６に示した。<Example 4 and Comparative Example 4>
A cured product was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the type of powder, and the type and amount of additive were as shown in Table 6, and the amount of hexavalent chromium eluted from the cured product and the strength of the cured product were determined. It was measured. The results are shown in Table 6.
＜実施例５及び比較例５＞
実施例１と同様に、ただし、ソイルセメントスラリー（Ｉ）におけるセメントスラリーの注入量、粉体の種類、及び添加剤の種類と添加量を表７の通りとして、硬化体を調製し、硬化体からの六価クロム溶出量と硬化体の強度を測定した。結果を表７に示した。<Example 5 and Comparative Example 5>
A cured product was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the injection amount of the cement slurry, the type of powder, and the type and amount of the additive in the soil cement slurry (I) were as shown in Table 7, And the strength of the cured product were measured. The results are shown in Table 7.
＜実施例６及び比較例６＞
実施例１と同様に、ただし、ソイルセメントスラリー（Ｉ）におけるセメントスラリーの注入量、粉体の種類、及び添加剤の種類と添加量を表８の通りとして、硬化体を調製し、硬化体からの六価クロム溶出量と硬化体の強度を測定した。結果を表８に示した。<Example 6 and Comparative Example 6>
A cured product was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the injection amount of the cement slurry, the type of powder, and the type and amount of the additive in the soil cement slurry (I) were as shown in Table 8. And the strength of the cured product were measured. The results are shown in Table 8.
＜実施例７及び比較例７＞
実施例１と同様に、ただし、粉体の種類、及び添加剤の種類と添加量を表９の通りとして、硬化体を調製し、硬化体からの六価クロム溶出量と硬化体の強度を測定した。結果を表９に示した。<Example 7 and Comparative Example 7>
A cured product was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the type of powder, and the type and amount of additive were as shown in Table 9, and the amount of hexavalent chromium eluted from the cured product and the strength of the cured product were measured. It was measured. The results are shown in Table 9.
＜実施例８及び比較例８＞
実施例１と同様に、ただし、ソイルセメントスラリーとして表２のソイルセメントスラリー（II）を用い、また、粉体の種類、及び添加剤の種類と添加量を表１０の通りとして、硬化体を調製し、硬化体からの六価クロム溶出量と硬化体の強度を測定した。結果を表１０に示した。<Example 8 and Comparative Example 8>
As in Example 1, except that soil cement slurry (II) in Table 2 was used as the soil cement slurry, and the types of powder, and the types and amounts of additives were as shown in Table 10, and the cured product was used. After the preparation, the amount of hexavalent chromium eluted from the cured product and the strength of the cured product were measured. The results are shown in Table 10.
＜実施例９及び比較例９＞
実施例１と同様に、ただし、ソイルセメントスラリーとして表２のソイルセメントスラリー（II）を用い、また、粉体の種類、及び添加剤の種類と添加量を表１１の通りとして、硬化体を調製し、硬化体からの六価クロム溶出量と硬化体の強度を測定した。結果を表１１に示した。<Example 9 and Comparative Example 9>
As in Example 1, except that soil cement slurry (II) in Table 2 was used as the soil cement slurry, and the type of powder, and the type and amount of additives were as shown in Table 11, the cured product was After the preparation, the amount of hexavalent chromium eluted from the cured product and the strength of the cured product were measured. The results are shown in Table 11.
＜実施例１０及び比較例１０＞
実施例１と同様に、ただし、ソイルセメントスラリーとして表２のソイルセメントスラリー（II）を用い、また、粉体の種類、及び添加剤の種類と添加量を表１２の通りとして、硬化体を調製し、硬化体からの六価クロム溶出量と硬化体の強度を測定した。結果を表１２に示した。<Example 10 and Comparative Example 10>
In the same manner as in Example 1, except that soil cement slurry (II) shown in Table 2 was used as the soil cement slurry, and the types of powder and the types and amounts of additives were as shown in Table 12, a cured product was obtained. After the preparation, the amount of hexavalent chromium eluted from the cured product and the strength of the cured product were measured. The results are shown in Table 12.
＜実施例１１〜１５及び比較例１１〜１５＞
実施例１と同様に、ただし、ソイルセメントスラリー（Ｉ）の調製に用いる模擬粘土のｐＨを酢酸及び／又は水酸化ナトリウムで表１３〜１７のように変更して、硬化体を調製し、硬化体からの六価クロム溶出量と硬化体の強度を測定した。結果を表１３〜１７に示した。
なお、一部の実施例、比較例は、前にある実施例、比較例と同様の構成で実施したが、試験日が異なる（セメントロット、模擬粘土の調製に要した時間などが異なる）ため、異なった測定値となっている。相対値は同じ試験日の比較例を基準として比較した。<Examples 11 to 15 and Comparative Examples 11 to 15>
In the same manner as in Example 1, except that the pH of the simulated clay used for preparing the soil cement slurry (I) was changed with acetic acid and / or sodium hydroxide as shown in Tables 13 to 17, and a cured product was prepared and cured. The amount of hexavalent chromium eluted from the body and the strength of the cured body were measured. The results are shown in Tables 13 to 17.
In addition, some examples and comparative examples were implemented with the same configuration as the previous examples and comparative examples, but the test dates were different (the cement lot, the time required for preparation of the simulated clay, etc. were different). , Different measurements. Relative values were compared based on a comparative example on the same test day.
なお、表１３〜１７の結果を抜粋して、模擬粘土のｐＨと強度（相対値）との関係を、図１のグラフに示した。図１のグラフは、化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）の合計が３．００質量％の結果に基づいている。図１から、本発明は、模擬粘土のｐＨが低い場合、すなわち酸性土を用いた場合に、相対強度がより高くなり、より効果が高いことが分かる。 The results of Tables 13 to 17 were extracted and the relationship between the pH and the strength (relative value) of the simulated clay was shown in the graph of FIG. The graph of FIG. 1 is based on the result that the total of the compound (a) and the compound (b) is 3.00% by mass. From FIG. 1, it can be seen that the present invention has a higher relative strength and a higher effect when the pH of the simulated clay is low, that is, when an acidic soil is used.
＜実施例１６及び比較例１６＞
実施例１と同様に、ただし、ソイルセメントスラリーとして下記表１８のソイルセメントスラリー（III）を用い、また、当該ソイルセメントスラリー（III）を充填した型枠の静置温度を２８〜３２℃として、硬化体を調製し、硬化体からの六価クロム溶出量と硬化体の強度を測定した。結果を表１９に示した。<Example 16 and Comparative Example 16>
As in Example 1, except that soil cement slurry (III) in Table 18 below was used as the soil cement slurry, and the temperature of the mold filled with the soil cement slurry (III) was 28 to 32 ° C. A cured product was prepared, and the amount of hexavalent chromium eluted from the cured product and the strength of the cured product were measured. The results are shown in Table 19.
Claims (20)
化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを、化合物（ａ）／化合物（ｂ）の質量比が、１．０以上９９以下で混合し、
化合物（ａ）と化合物（ｂ）とを、合計で、水硬性粉体に対して０．５質量％以上２０．０質量％以下で混合する、
地盤の改良工法。In the soil, hydraulic powder, one or more compounds selected from sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, sodium dithionite, and sodium pyrosulfite [hereinafter, referred to as compound (a)], and hydroxymethane A ground improvement method for mixing sulfonic acid or a salt thereof and one or more compounds selected from hydroxymethanesulfinic acid or a salt thereof (hereinafter, referred to as compound (b)),
Compound (a) and compound (b) are mixed at a compound (a) / compound (b) mass ratio of 1.0 or more and 99 or less,
The compound (a) and the compound (b) are mixed in a total amount of 0.5% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less based on the hydraulic powder.
Ground improvement method.
＜方法（Ｉ）＞
水と、水硬性粉体と、化合物（ａ）と、化合物（ｂ）とを含有し、水／水硬性粉体の質量比が０．５以上１．５以下であるスラリーを、土壌と混合する方法。
＜方法（II）＞
水硬性粉体と、化合物（ａ）と、化合物（ｂ）とを、それぞれ、粉体で土壌と混合する方法。The ground according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the hydraulic powder, the compound (a) and the compound (b) are mixed with the soil by any one of the following methods (I) and (II). Improved construction method.
<Method (I)>
A slurry containing water, hydraulic powder, compound (a) and compound (b) and having a water / hydraulic powder mass ratio of 0.5 or more and 1.5 or less is mixed with soil. how to.
<Method (II)>
A method in which hydraulic powder, compound (a) and compound (b) are each mixed with soil in powder form.
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| CN106118677A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-16 | 南安市科联专利应用服务有限公司 | A kind of fluoranthene contaminated soil remediation agent and preparation method thereof |
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