JPWO2019065138A1 - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a machine tool (100) having excellent machining accuracy and productivity by suppressing an increase in cycle time while preventing a predetermined work on the work (W) from affecting other work. Modules (M1) and (M2) composed of a spindle (3) for holding a work (W) and a tool post (7) for holding a tool for machining a work (W) held on the spindle (3). , (M3), and a machine tool (100) including a control unit (21). The control unit (21) limits the parallel execution of the predetermined machining of the work (W) and the machining affected by the predetermined machining, and controls the machining other than the restricted machining so as to allow the execution. ..

Description

The present invention relates to a machine tool.

A machine tool is known that has a plurality of machining portions composed of a spindle and a tool post, and can perform work such as machining on a plurality of workpieces in parallel while transferring workpieces between the plurality of machining portions (for example). , Patent Document 1). In the machine tool of Patent Document 1, two machine tools are mounted on a common bed, and in order to prevent vibration during machining in one machine tool from affecting the work quality in the other machine tool, one of them. The processing in the other processing part is restricted during the processing in the processing part of.

On the other hand, Patent Document 2 discloses a machine tool that drives and controls axes such as a spindle for holding a tool and a feed axis for a workpiece based on a command described in a machining program. In Patent Document 2, when a drive prohibition command for prohibiting driving of a predetermined shaft is instructed by a machining program, it is controlled not to drive the predetermined shaft.

JP-A-2002-268715 JP-A-2009-110223

However, in the conventional technique described in Patent Document 1, the entire operation in the other processing portion is stopped during the processing in one processing portion, which may result in an increase in the cycle time. Further, the conventional technique described in Patent Document 2 is a technique for limiting the driving of each shaft in one machined portion, and does not limit the machining in a plurality of machined portions.

Therefore, the present invention suppresses an increase in cycle time while preventing a predetermined work from affecting other work when each work for each work held by a plurality of work holding means is executed in parallel. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a machine tool having excellent processing accuracy and productivity.

In order to achieve the above object, the machine tool according to the present invention includes a plurality of work holding means for holding the work and a working means holding unit corresponding to each of the work holding means, and the working means holding unit is provided. , The work means for performing a predetermined work on the work held by the corresponding work holding means is held, and the work is held so that the work is executed by the work means for each work. A machine tool provided with a means and a control unit for controlling the operation of each work means holding unit.
The control unit is characterized in that it limits the parallel execution of a predetermined work and the work affected by the predetermined work, and controls so as to allow the parallel execution of the work other than the restricted work. ..

According to the machine tool according to the present invention, when each work on each work held by a plurality of work holding means is executed in parallel, when there is a work affected by a predetermined work on the work, the control unit , The parallel execution of a predetermined work and the work affected by the predetermined work is restricted, and control is performed so as to allow the parallel execution of the work other than the restricted work. Therefore, it is possible to provide a machine tool having excellent machining accuracy and productivity by suppressing an increase in cycle time while preventing a predetermined work from affecting other work.

The plan view which shows the whole structure of the machine tool which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. The schematic diagram which partially showed an example of the machining program for each control system. FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example in which an instruction code for stopping finish machining in the third control system is described in the machining program of FIG. 2 during vibration machining in the first control system. In the modified example, a process diagram showing an example of the processing process for each control system displayed on the schedule screen and a process diagram after adjusting so that the vibration processing does not execute the finishing processing in parallel.

As shown in FIG. 1, the automatic lathe device, which is a machine tool 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, includes a bed 1 and three modules M1, M2, and M3 mounted on the bed 1. Hereinafter, as shown in FIG. 1, the axial direction of the main axis 3 of the modules M1, M2 and M3 is the Z-axis direction, and the direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction in the horizontal direction is the Y-axis direction, and the vertical direction orthogonal to the Z-axis and the Y-axis. The direction is the X-axis direction.

Each module M1, M2, M3 has the same basic configuration, and a spindle base 4 for supporting the spindle 3 which is a work holding means is provided on the base 2. On the base 2, a tool post 7 in which a tool for processing the work W as a work on the work W gripped by the spindle 3 is held as a work means is also integrally provided as a work means holding portion.

Two guide rails 5 extending in the Z-axis direction are laid on each base 2 in parallel with the Y-axis direction. A headstock 4 is mounted on the guide rail 5 so as to be slidable in the Z-axis direction by an appropriate moving mechanism.

The two modules M1 and M3 are arranged side by side on the bed 1 so that the Z-axis directions are parallel, and each base 2 is fixed to the bed 1 side.

On the opposite sides of both modules M1 and M3, two guide rails 6 extending in the Y-axis direction are arranged side by side in the Z-axis direction and laid on the bed 1. The guide rail 6 extends in the Y-axis direction from the opposite position of one module M1 to the opposite position of the other module M3. The base 2 of the module M2 is mounted on the guide rail 6 so as to be slidable in the Y-axis direction by a drive mechanism such as a ball screw.

Hereinafter, the modules M2 mounted on the guide rail 6 are referred to as "moving modules", and the modules M1 and M3 fixed on the bed 1 so as not to be movable in the Y-axis direction are referred to as "fixed modules".

The moving module M2 reciprocates between the fixed modules M1 and M3 along the guide rail 6. As a result, the moving module M2 can move to a position where both fixed modules M1 and M3 face each other and their spindle axes coincide with each other on a straight line.

The machine tool 100 includes a control device 20 and is driven and controlled by the control device 20. The control device 20 controls the drive of the modules M1, M2 and M3, the moving mechanism of each headstock 4, and the driving unit of the driving mechanism of the moving module M2.

In each of the modules M1, M2, and M3, the spindle 3 rotates and the spindle 4 moves in the Z-axis direction when the control device 20 controls each drive unit while the work W is gripped by the spindle 3. Then, the tool post 7 can move in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. As a result, the work W can be machined into a predetermined shape while selecting a predetermined tool of the tool post 7.

The moving module M2 is moved to the opposite position of the fixed module M1 or the fixed module M3 so that the spindle axes coincide with each other, and the headstocks 4 are moved in the proximity direction to each other. As a result, the work can be exchanged between the moving module M2 and the fixed modules M1 and M3.

The machine tool 100 is configured by combining a plurality of modules M1, M2, and M3 that function as separate lathes. In the machine tool 100, under the control of the control device 20, as shown by an arrow in FIG. 1, the work W is sequentially transferred between the modules M1, M2 and M3, and the work W is sequentially transferred between the modules M1, M2 and M3 in parallel. W is processed, and a predetermined product A is processed.

In the present embodiment, the fixed module M1 performs vibration processing in which the work W is cut while vibrating a tool or the like. The moving module M2 performs roughing of the work W and drilling to open a hole in the work W. The fixed module M3 performs grooving to form a groove on the outer circumference of the work W and finishing, which is one of precision machining.

In the present embodiment, each module M1, M2, M3 has a spindle 3 for holding the work W and a tool post 7 to which a tool for processing the work W held on the spindle 3 is attached. Explains an example of a module to be performed. However, the module is not limited to this, and the predetermined module may be a machining module that performs machining such as grinding, milling, and gear cutting, and a machine tool including these may be used. Alternatively, the predetermined module may be a tool post 7 provided on the bed 1 independently so as to be movable in any of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions.

As shown in FIG. 1, the control device 20 includes a control unit 21 having a CPU, a memory (storage unit), and the like, and an operation panel 22. The control unit 21 controls the operation of each part of the machine tool 100 in terms of software or hardware by a program stored in advance in the storage unit, hardware provided on the control device 20 side, or the like.

The control unit 21 includes three control systems m1, m2, and m3 that control the three modules M1, M2, and M3, respectively. The drive shafts of the modules M1, M2 and M3 are assigned to different control systems m1, m2 and m3 for each module. The control unit 21 drives and controls each module M1, M2, M3 based on a multi-system machining program stored in a memory or the like.

As shown in FIG. 2, the multi-system program of the present embodiment has three description areas of $ 1, $ 2, and $ 3 in which a machining program for each control system can be described. In the example of FIG. 2, three description areas $ 1, $ 2, and $ 3 are arranged in parallel with each other to form one work processing program.

The machining program corresponding to the first control system m1 is described in the description area $ 1. The machining program corresponding to the second control system m2 is described in the description area $ 2. The machining program corresponding to the third control system m3 is described in the description area $ 3.

The control unit 21 reads and executes each machining program described in each description area $ 1, $ 2, $ 3 one line at a time in order, so that each control system (first control system) corresponding to each machining program is executed. m1, the second control system m2, the third control system m3) are driven and controlled independently of each other.

In the present embodiment, each drive shaft of the fixed module M1 is assigned to the first control system m1. Each drive shaft of the mobile module M2 including the drive mechanism is assigned to the second control system m2. Each drive shaft of the fixed module M3 is assigned to the third control system m3.

Therefore, the control unit 21 controls the drive of the fixed module M1 by the first control system m1. The second control system m2 performs drive control including movement of the movement module M2 in the Y-axis direction. The drive control of the fixed module M3 is performed by the third control system m3. By the drive control as described above, the control unit 21 controls the overall operation of the machine tool 100, and the work transfer operation and the machining operation by the modules M1, M2, and M3.

The operation panel 22 is an operation unit 24 including a display unit 23 that displays an operation state and an operation instruction of the machine tool 100, and an operation button, a keyboard, a touch panel, and the like for inputting a desired operation input to the machine tool 100. And so on.

A multi-system program can be created by operating an external personal computer or the operation unit 24. In the created multi-system program, the machining program is described in the description areas $ 1, $ 2, $ 3 for each control system. FIG. 2 shows a description example of the machining program. “Aaaa”, “bb”, “cccc” and the like shown in FIG. 2 indicate instruction codes for instructing execution of various operations such as movement and rotation of each drive shaft.

In the example shown in FIG. 2, in the description area $ 1 corresponding to the first control system m1, the program (instruction code group) for executing the front vibration processing PA-1 and the work W exchanged (loading) with the moving module M2. ) Is described as a machining program that is repeated in time series according to the number of workpieces W (W1, W2, W3, W4, ...) To be machined.

In the description area $ 2 corresponding to the second control system m2, a program for executing work W with and from the fixed module M1, a program for executing back surface machining PB-1, and a program for executing drill machining PB-2. A processing program in which the program for executing the transfer of the work W to and from the fixed module M3 is repeated in time series according to the number of the work W (W1, W2, W3, W4, ...) To be processed is described. ing.

In the description area $ 3 corresponding to the third control system m3, a program for executing the transfer of the work W with the moving module M2, a program for executing the groove processing PC-1 for processing the groove in the work W, and the work W A machining program in which the program for executing the front finishing machining PC-2 for finishing the front surface is repeated in chronological order according to the number of workpieces W (W1, W2, W3, W4, ...) To be machined is described. There is.

According to the machining program of FIG. 2, the front vibration machining PA-1 of the third work W3 in the fixed module M1 (first control system m1) and one in the fixed module M3 (third control system m3). The front finishing processing PC-2 of the eye work W1 is executed in parallel. Further, the front vibration processing PA-1 of the fourth work W4 and the front finishing processing PC-2 of the second work W2 are executed in parallel. The same applies to the fifth and subsequent items.

Since the modules M1, M2, and M3 are mounted on the same bed 1, vibrations and the like during machining of the work W are easily transmitted to each other. Therefore, the machining accuracy of the front finishing PC-2, which requires a relatively high machining accuracy, may be affected by the relatively large vibration of the front vibration machining PA-1, and it is not preferable to perform the machining in parallel. ..

In order to prevent the front finishing processing PC-2 from being affected by the vibration caused by the front vibration processing PA-1, the control unit 21 is performing the front vibration processing PA-1 with the fixed module M1. It is possible to control the front finishing processing PC-2 in the fixed module M3, which is affected by the front vibration processing PA-1, so as not to be executed in parallel with the front vibration processing PA-1.

In the present embodiment, in a predetermined command in the machining program of each control system m1, m2, m3, the axis for stopping the operation for machining is specified, and the stop range of the operation of the designated axis is defined. , The control unit 21 can limit the execution of a predetermined control system corresponding to the designated axis. The designation of the axis and the setting of the stop range of the operation of the designated axis can be performed, for example, when a machining program is created for each control system by operating the operation unit 24 or the like. Specifically, the start command code for vibration machining (“aaaa” shown in FIG. 3) is a command code capable of designating an axis for stopping the operation for machining as a parameter. In the machining program of the first control system m1, the operation for machining is given to the instruction code for starting the front vibration machining PA-1 of the third and subsequent workpieces W (the third "aaaa" shown in FIG. 3). The X-axis (“X3”) and Z-axis (“Z3”) of the fixed module M3 are specified as parameters as the axes to be stopped. Further, the end command code for vibration processing (“nnnn” shown in FIG. 3) is an command code including the release of the stop of the shaft. The last instruction code of the front vibration processing PA-1 is an end instruction code (“nnnn”). An instruction code capable of designating the axis and an instruction code for releasing the stop of the axis can be described in the description area $ 1 of FIG. 3 as a machining program for the first control system m1.

On the other hand, the setting of the stop range of the operation of the specified axis includes the declaration start command code (“mmmm s1” shown in FIG. 3) that declares to the control unit 21 that the machining is affected by the predetermined work. , The declaration end command code (“mmmm s2” shown in FIG. 3) is predetermined. As a machining program of the work affected by the predetermined work on the predetermined work, the third control system m3 that controls the fixed module M3 in which the influence of vibration cannot be ignored with respect to the front vibration processing PA-1 in the fixed module M1. Before the start of machining of the front finishing machining PC-2 of the machining program, the declaration start command code "mmmm s1" is provided. A declaration end command code "mmmm s2") is provided after the processing of the front finishing processing PC-2 is completed. The declaration start command code "mmmm s1" and the declaration end command code "mmmm s2") can be described in the description area $ 3 of FIG. 3 as a machining program for the third control system m3.

As shown in FIG. 3, a declaration start command code "mmmm s1" is provided in the machining program of the third control system m3 before the machining of the front finishing machining PC-2 is started, and a declaration end command code "mmmm s2" is provided after the machining is completed. As a result, the control unit 21 processes the front vibration processing PA-1 by executing the instruction code between the instruction code "aaaa" for starting the vibration processing of the front vibration processing PA-1 and the instruction code "nnnn" for ending the vibration processing. Inside, the processing of the front finishing processing PC-2 by executing the instruction code after the declaration start instruction code "mmmm s1" is stopped. After the axis stop is released by executing the end command code "nnnn", the control unit 21 is a movement command code "ffff" to the initial positions of the X-axis and Z-axis after the declaration start command code "mmmm s1". The front finishing machining PC-2 is executed by executing the command code such as "gggg" which is a machining command code.

In the specific control operation, the control unit 21 advances the reading of the machining program of each control system, and the control unit 21 uses the start instruction code “aaaa” and the axis to stop in the machining program of the first control system m1 as parameters. When read, the axis read by the parameter can be stopped. At this time, when the declaration start command code "mmmm s1" is read in the machining program of the third control system m3, the control unit 21 stops the control operation of the axis read by the parameter and declare start command code "mmmm s1". The execution of "ffff" and "gggg" after "" is restricted. When the front vibration machining PA-1 is completed and the end command code "nnnn" is read in the machining program of the first control system m1, the control unit is released from the stop of the control operation of the axis read by the parameter. 21 executes the front finishing processing PC-2 by reading "ffff", "gggg", etc. after the declaration start instruction code "mmmm s1". When the declaration end command code "mmmm s2" is read in the machining program of the third control system m3, the control unit 21 detects that the front finishing machining PC-2 has finished. The shaded area in FIG. 3 schematically shows that the front vibration processing PA-1 is performed between the start instruction code “aaaa” and the end instruction code “nnnn”, so that the processing by the fixed module M3 is stopped during that time. It is represented in.

By restricting the execution of the front finishing processing PC-2 during the processing of the front vibration processing PA-1, the progress state of the front vibration processing PA-1 and the front finishing processing PC-2 is deviated, and the front vibration processing PA- If the front finishing machining PC-2 is not started at the time of machining 1 and another machining is performed, the axis of the third control system m3 is stopped because the declaration start command code "mmmm s1" is not read. Without doing so, for example, machining of the groove machining PC-1 and the like is continued.

On the other hand, when the start command code "aaaa" and the parameter of the axis to be stopped are read in the machining program of the first control system m1 during the machining of the front finishing machining PC-2, the front vibration machining PA-1 is not started. The control unit 21 can be configured as described above. When the control unit 21 reads the start command code "aaaa" after reading the declaration start command code "mmmm s1" and before reading the declaration end command code "mmmm s2", the start command code "aaaa" or later By setting in advance to stop the reading of, the instruction code "mmmm s2" for the end of the declaration is read in the machining program of the third control system m3, and the control unit 21 ends the front finishing machining PC-2. After detecting, the instruction code after the start instruction code "aaaa" is read, and the front vibration processing PA-1 processing is started.

The control unit 21 processes a plurality of workpieces W by sequentially executing the processing program shown in FIG. 3 for each control system. When the front vibration processing PA-1 of the third work W3 is started by the fixed module M1, X3 and Z3 are specified as the axes for stopping the operation for processing in the start instruction code (“aaaa”). Therefore, the operation (precision machining) of the front finishing PC-2 of the fixing module M3 is stopped. The operation of the fixed module M3 (grooving PC-1 etc.) other than this operation and all the processing of the moving module M2 can be performed in parallel with the front finishing processing PC-2 because the influence of vibration can be ignored. Is executed.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the execution is restricted only to the machining in which the influence of vibration cannot be ignored, and the machining in which the influence of vibration can be ignored is allowed to be executed. It is possible to execute a plurality of processes other than the restricted process in parallel. Therefore, it is possible to provide the machine tool 100 having excellent machining accuracy and productivity by suppressing an increase in the cycle time of the entire machine tool 100 to the minimum necessary while preventing the influence on the machining accuracy due to vibration or the like. it can.

Further, in the first embodiment, an instruction code for designating the processing to be restricted is described in the processing program that controls each control system. Therefore, the control unit 21 executes a machining program for each control system to automatically limit the execution of finishing machining, which is easily affected by vibration, while performing special machining such as vibration machining. be able to.

In the first embodiment, the machining program is configured to stop a part of the finishing machining of the fixing module M3 during the vibration machining of the fixing module M1, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the vibration cutting of the fixed module M1 may be stopped during the finishing process of the fixed module M3. In this case, for example, the axis for stopping the fixed module M1, for example, the X axis (“X1”) and the Z axis (“Z1”) is set as a parameter in the predetermined instruction code of the front finishing processing PC-2 of the fixed module M3. specify.

Further, before and after the instruction code group of the front vibration processing PA-1 of the fixed module M1, instruction codes that limit other operations that affect the processing accuracy are described, and only the operations that affect the finishing processing accuracy are stopped. Other operations may be allowed to be performed even during finishing. As a result, it is possible to suppress an increase in the cycle time while preventing the influence of the vibration processing on the finishing processing accuracy, and it is possible to improve the processing accuracy and the productivity.

Further, in the present embodiment, one of the operations is restricted so that the vibration processing and the finishing processing are not executed in parallel, but the restricted processing is not limited to the vibration processing and the finishing processing. The present invention can be applied when there is other processing that affects the processing accuracy. By limiting the execution of machining that affects the accuracy of other machining, or by limiting the execution of other machining, the increase in cycle time is suppressed while preventing the influence on each other's machining accuracy during machining. , Processing accuracy and productivity can be improved.

Further, in the first embodiment, when the user creates a machining program, a predetermined instruction code is provided in the predetermined machining program, and machining to be restricted at the predetermined machining is specified. However, processing restrictions are not limited to this example. As a modification, the processing to be restricted can be specified on the processing schedule screen of each control system displayed on the display unit 23 of the operation panel 22.

A process diagram showing an example of the processing process of each control system m1, m2, m3 (modules M1, M2, M3) displayed on the schedule screen is shown on the upper part of the paper in FIG. The process diagram of FIG. 4 is an example, and the process diagram displayed on the schedule screen is not limited to the process diagram of FIG.

As shown in the process chart on the upper part of the paper in FIG. 4, the vibration processing of the first control system m1 and a part of the finishing processing of the third control system m3 are executed in parallel. In order to prevent the influence of vibration of vibration processing on the finishing processing accuracy, the operation unit 24 of the touch panel or the like is operated to shift the time axis of finishing processing of the fixed module M3 as shown in the lower part of the paper surface of FIG. It can be adjusted so that vibration processing and finishing processing are not performed in parallel. In response to the process adjustment on this schedule screen, instruction codes and parameters that limit machining are set in the description areas $ 1 and $ 2 of the machining program of each control system, and the time axis is shifted. The machining program is changed (updated). As a result, the processing restrictions performed on the schedule screen are reflected in the processing program.

Due to the processing restrictions on the schedule screen, finishing processing is stopped while vibration processing is being executed, but processing on the second control system m2 (moving module M2) is parallel to vibration processing. Can be executed. When the vibration processing is completed, the finishing processing in the third control system m3 (fixed module M3) is started. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the influence of vibration on the machining accuracy, perform the finish machining with high accuracy, suppress the increase of the cycle time to the minimum necessary, and improve the machining accuracy and productivity. Can be done.

Further, by displaying the machining processes in chronological order on the schedule screen, the user can easily understand how the machining processes are executed in parallel. In addition, the user or the like does not need to directly change the machining program, and the machining process can be freely adjusted on the schedule screen. Therefore, the processing can be controlled more easily, and the degree of freedom in adjusting the processing process can be increased.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, the above-described embodiments are merely examples of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the above-described embodiments. Even if there is a design change or the like within a range that does not deviate from the gist of the present invention, it is included in the present invention.

For example, in the above embodiment, the machine tool 100 includes two fixed modules M1 and M3 and one moving module M2, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the present invention may be similarly applied to a configuration including two fixed modules and two moving modules, or a configuration including one or three or more fixed modules and three or more mobile modules. it can. Further, in the above embodiment, the processing of one type of product is continuously processed, but the processing is not limited to this. The present invention can also be applied in the case of continuously processing a plurality of different products.

Further, in the above embodiment, the parallel execution of the predetermined work and the work affected by the predetermined work is restricted, but when the predetermined operation of the machine tool affects the work, the above-mentioned The parallel execution of the work and the predetermined operation may be restricted. For example, it is possible to limit the parallel execution of acceleration / deceleration movement of the movement module that does not involve the work and processing.

[Cross-reference to related applications]
This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-187992 filed with the Japan Patent Office on September 28, 2017, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Claims (5)

A plurality of work holding means for holding a work and a working means holding portion corresponding to each of the work holding means are provided, and the working means holding portion is provided with respect to the work held by the corresponding work holding means. A control unit that holds work means for performing a predetermined work and controls the operation of each work holding means and each work means holding unit so that the work is executed by each work means for each work. It is a machine tool equipped with
The control unit is characterized in that it limits the parallel execution of a predetermined work and the work affected by the predetermined work, and controls so as to allow the parallel execution of the work other than the restricted work. Machine Tools. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined work is vibration machining, and the work affected by the predetermined work is precision machining. The control unit includes a plurality of control systems for controlling a predetermined drive shaft of a machine tool, performs the control based on a machining program independently set for each control system, and is provided in the machining program. The machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the machine tool is configured to limit the execution of the predetermined work or the work affected by the predetermined work according to the instruction code of the above. The control unit includes a display unit for displaying the work process for each control system and an operation unit for inputting a change of the work process. The control unit displays the work process for each control system on the display unit and performs the operation. The machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the machine tool is configured to control the execution of each work according to the work process changed by the operation of the unit. Claims 1 to 4, wherein the work holding means is a spindle, the working means is a tool for processing the work, and the working means holding portion is a tool post for holding the tool. The machine tool described in any one item.

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