JPWO2018230715A1 - Fuel pellet, biomass fueling system, and method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellet - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a biomass-derived fuel pellet having a large calorific value and less likely to deteriorate the boiler, a biomass fueling system, and a method of producing the biomass-derived fuel pellet. SOLUTION: A raw material 111 consisting of palm empty fruit bunches is crushed so as to promote the elution of potassium in the raw material 111, and a crushing process 131 for grinding fibers and a crushed material 112 crushed in the crushing process 131 are treated with hot water. A washing step 132 for removing potassium in the crushed material 112 by washing, a drying step 134 for reducing the water content of the washed material 113 from which potassium has been removed in the washing step 132 to a dried material 114, and a drying step By removing the chlorine in the dried material 114 having a reduced water content by 134, further reducing the water content and carbonizing the dried product 114, the carbide 117 processed by the carbonizing process 136 is shaped as a fuel And granulating step 138.

Description

  The present invention relates to a biomass-based fuel pellet such as a palm empty fruit bunch discarded in a palm product manufacturing plant, a biomass fueling system, and a method of producing biomass-derived fuel pellet, for example.

  Conventionally, in palm oil manufacturing plants, many palm palm residues such as palm empty fruit bunches have not been used but have been discarded. Then, the drying method of plant origin biomass and the manufacturing method of biomass fuel which are disclosed by patent document 1 were proposed. However, potassium, chlorine and the like contained in the fuel manufactured by this manufacturing method clogged or corroded the piping of the boiler and accelerated the deterioration of the boiler equipment.

  In addition, some fuel pellets produced by recycling wastes can not be used unless they are mixed with other fuels having a large calorific value because the calorific value is small.

  On the other hand, in the case of co-firing biomass and other fuels, for example, if the biomass fuel input to the mill (crusher) together with the coal remains without being crushed by the roller, it is because the passage of the transport air is hindered. As a result, the amount of grinding material in the mill increases, which increases the pressure difference between the inlet of the mill and the inside of the mill, resulting in a problem in that the supply of fuel is hindered.

JP 2004-209462 A

  One of the objects of the present invention is that the calorific value is large, it is difficult to deteriorate the boiler, and it is possible to improve the mixed combustion rate, which is the ratio of biomass to the total used fuel when mixing biomass and other fuels. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel pellet, a biomass fueling system, and a method of producing biomass-derived fuel pellets.

  The fuel pellet according to the first aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the content of a substance causing scale and / or a substance causing corrosion at the time of using the boiler is reduced.

  The fuel pellet according to the second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the calorific value is 20 MJ / kg or more.

  Furthermore, the fuel pellet according to the third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the biomass is a palm empty fruit bunch.

  Furthermore, in the fuel pellet according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the substance causing the scale is at least one of sodium and potassium, and the substance causing the corrosion is at least chlorine. It is characterized by

  Furthermore, in the fuel pellet according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the sodium content is 0 mg / kg or more and 2000 mg / kg or less, and the potassium content is 0 mg / kg or more and 2000 mg / kg or less It is characterized in that the content of the chlorine is 0 mg / kg or more and 1000 mg / kg or less.

  Furthermore, the fuel pellet according to the sixth aspect of the present invention is characterized by having a water content of 0% or more and 10% or less.

  Furthermore, in the fuel pellet according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the content of the substance causing scale in the raw material is reduced by washing the crushed raw material with normal temperature water or warm water, The water content of the raw material whose content of the causative substance is reduced is reduced, the raw material whose water content is reduced is further crushed, and the crushed raw material is granulated in the shape of fuel and then carbonized. Thus, the present invention is characterized in that the mixed combustion rate, which is the ratio of biomass to the total amount of used fuel when mixing biomass and other fuels, is improved.

  Furthermore, according to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a biomass fueling system comprising: a crushing device for crushing a raw material composed of biomass so as to promote elution of a substance causing scale in the raw material; A cleaning device for reducing the content of the substance causing the scale in the raw material by washing the raw material with normal temperature water or warm water, and the content of the substance causing the scale in the cleaning device The drying device for reducing the water content of the reduced raw material, and the content of the substance causing corrosion in the raw material whose water content is reduced by the drying device is reduced, and the water content is further reduced, A carbonizing apparatus for carbonizing a raw material, or a granulating apparatus for granulating a raw material having a reduced water content into a fuel shape by the drying apparatus, and a raw material processed by the carbonizing apparatus A carbonization apparatus for reducing the content of a substance causing corrosion in a granulating apparatus for granulating to a shape, or a raw material granulated by the granulating apparatus, further reducing the water content, and carbonizing the raw material And an apparatus.

  Furthermore, in the biomass fueling system according to the ninth aspect of the present invention, the carbonizing apparatus heats the raw material in steam and makes the carbonization semi-carbonizing device or the raw material heating in oil and fly carbonization device It is characterized by being.

  Furthermore, the biomass fueling system according to the tenth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the carbonizing apparatus is a frying apparatus for heating and carbonizing a raw material in oil.

  Furthermore, in the biomass fueling system according to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, the carbonizing apparatus heats the raw material in steam and makes the carbonization semi-carbonizing, and the fly carbonizes the raw material in oil and carbonizes The apparatus is characterized by further comprising a mixing device for mixing the carbonized material by the half-carbonizing device and the frying device.

  Furthermore, in the method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets according to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, a crushing step of crushing a raw material composed of biomass so as to promote elution of a substance that causes scale in the raw material; In the washing step of washing the raw material crushed in the crushing step with normal temperature water or warm water to reduce the content of the substance causing the scale in the raw material, and in the washing step, the substance causing the scale The content of a substance that causes corrosion in the drying process that reduces the water content of the material whose content is reduced, and the water content decreased in the drying process is reduced, and the water content is further reduced Carbonization step of carbonizing the raw material, or a granulation step of granulating the raw material whose water content rate is reduced by the drying step into a fuel shape, and the carbonization step In the granulation step of granulating the raw material into the shape of the fuel, or the content of the substance causing corrosion in the raw material granulated by the granulation step is reduced to further reduce the water content, And carbonizing the carbonized product.

  Furthermore, the method for producing a biomass-derived fuel pellet according to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the carbonizing step is a semi-carbonizing step of heating the raw material in steam to semi-carbonize.

  Furthermore, the method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets according to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the carbonizing step is a frying step of heating and carbonizing the raw material in oil.

  Furthermore, in the method of producing biomass-derived fuel pellets according to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention, the carbonizing step heats the raw material in steam and semi-carbonizing the material to make it carbonize; and heating the raw material in oil The method is characterized by including a frying step of carbonizing, and further including a mixing step of mixing the raw materials carbonized by the half carbonization step and the frying step.

  According to the present invention, a fuel pellet having a large calorific value, which is hard to deteriorate a boiler, and capable of improving a mixed combustion ratio which is a ratio of biomass to the total used fuel when mixing biomass and other fuels And a biomass fueling system and a method of producing biomass-derived fuel pellets can be provided.

1A is a block diagram of a biomass fueling system according to a first embodiment, and FIG. 1B is a biomass fueling system according to a second embodiment. 1C is a block diagram of the biomass fueling system concerning 3rd embodiment, FIG. 1D is a block diagram of the biomass fueling system concerning 4th embodiment. FIG. 2A is a flowchart showing a flow of a method for producing a fuel pellet according to the present invention, FIG. 2A is a flowchart showing a flow of a first production method, FIG. 2B is a flowchart showing a flow of a second production method, and FIG. FIG. 2D is a flowchart showing the flow of the third manufacturing method, and FIG. 2D is a flowchart showing the flow of the fourth manufacturing method. It is a schematic diagram of the crusher which concerns on this Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram of the attritor which concerns on this Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram of the washing tank which concerns on this Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram of the dryer which concerns on this Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram of the carbonization apparatus system which concerns on this Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram of the ring die type granulator which concerns on this Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram of the flyer concerning this embodiment. It is a photograph which shows the state of the palm empty fruit bunch after grinding. It is a photograph which shows the state of the palm empty fruit bunch after coarse crushing. 12A is a block diagram of the biomass fueling system according to the fifth embodiment, and FIG. 12B is a biomass fueling system according to the sixth embodiment. A block diagram, FIG. 12C is a block diagram of the biomass fueling system concerning 7th embodiment. 13A is a flowchart showing a flow of a fifth manufacturing method, FIG. 13B is a flowchart showing a flow of a sixth manufacturing method, and FIG. 13C is a flowchart showing a flow of a method for producing a fuel pellet according to the present invention. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of a 7th manufacturing method. 14A is a configuration diagram of a biomass fueling system according to an eighth embodiment, and FIG. 14B is a biomass fueling system according to the ninth embodiment of the biomass fueling system according to the present invention. FIG. 14C is a block diagram of a biomass fueling system according to the tenth embodiment, and FIG. 14D is a block diagram of a biomass fueling system according to the eleventh embodiment. FIG. 15A is a flowchart showing the flow of the eighth manufacturing method, FIG. 15B is a flowchart showing the flow of the ninth manufacturing method, and FIG. 15C is a flowchart showing the flow of the method for producing fuel pellets according to the present invention. FIG. 15D is a flowchart showing a flow of the tenth manufacturing method, and FIG. 15D is a flowchart showing a flow of the eleventh manufacturing method. 16E is a block diagram of the biomass fueling system according to the twelfth embodiment, and FIG. 16F is a biomass fueling according to the thirteenth embodiment according to the present invention. It is a block diagram of a system. 17E is a flowchart showing a flow of a method of manufacturing fuel pellets according to the present invention, and FIG. 17E is a flowchart showing a flow of a method of manufacturing the twelfth embodiment. .

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described based on the drawings. However, the embodiments shown below exemplify a fuel pellet for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, a biomass fueling system, and a method of producing biomass-derived fuel pellets, and the present invention Does not specify them as: For example, as biomass used as a raw material of the fuel pellet of the present invention, empty palm bunch (EFB), palm coconut shell (PKS), pulp fiber, palm coconut pruned branch, palm coconut old tree (trunk), or falcata Husk, Bark (Burk), Pruning branch of Falcata, Old wood of Falcata, or Eucalyptus, Acacia, Agari, Bark of Mangrove (Burk), Heartwood after obtaining wood chips, Pruning branch or Empty fruit bunch of banana, Pruning of banana Branches, banana leaves, old banana trees, or pineapples, tropical plant wastes made of soybean grass, or wood wastes of wood chips, wood peels, etc. may be mentioned. Further, the present specification does not in any way specify the members described in the claims to the members of the embodiment. In particular, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the components described in the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to the scope of the present invention unless otherwise specified. It is just an example. Note that the size, positional relationship, and the like of the members shown in each drawing may be exaggerated for the sake of clarity. Further, in the following description, the same names and reference numerals indicate the same or the same members, and the detailed description will be appropriately omitted. Furthermore, each of the elements constituting the present invention may be configured such that a plurality of elements are constituted by the same member and one member shares the plurality of elements, or conversely, the function of one member is realized by a plurality of members It can be shared and realized.
(Raw materials 111, 211, 311, 411, 511, 611, 711, A11, B11, C11, D11, E11, F11)

  In the first to seventh embodiments described later, the raw materials 111, 211, 311, 411, 511, 611, and 711 are palm empty fruit bunches. In the eighth embodiment to the eleventh embodiment, the raw materials A11, B11, C11, D11, E11, and F11 are generally palm stalks and leaves having a water content higher than that of empty palm bunches and the like.

  For palm empty fruit bunches, palm empty fruit bunches that are discarded as unused materials from factories etc. are used. The palm empty fruit bunch has a hollow shape and is bulky, so if it is attempted to use the waste as it is as fuel, there is a problem that it does not meet the transfer cost, sodium contained in the palm empty fruit bunch, There is a problem that potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, glass etc block the boiler etc, and chlorine, sulfur etc corrode the facilities such as water pipes, so as fuel source It had been. So, in this embodiment, the above-mentioned substance is removed and it pelletizes to manufacture the fuel pellet which used as a raw material palm empty fruit bunch.

In addition, palm oil (Palm Acid Oil) is used as an oil used in the frying device 226 in the carbonization step 236 described later.
(Biomass-derived fuel pellets 11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71)

  The biomass-derived fuel pellets 11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71 are produced from biomass-derived fuel pellets using a biomass fueling system 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72 described later, respectively. It manufactures by the manufacturing method 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73. Hereinafter, the biomass-derived fuel pellets 11 will be mainly described, and for the biomass-derived fuel pellets 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, the description of the steps overlapping with the biomass-derived fuel pellets 11 will be omitted. explain.

  The biomass-derived fuel pellet 11 is composed of empty palm fruit bunches and has a calorific value of 18 MJ / kg or more and 27 MJ / kg or less, more preferably 20 MJ / kg or more, still more preferably 23 MJ / kg or more. Content of substances that cause scale when using boilers such as potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, and glass, and content of substances that cause corrosion when using boilers such as chlorine, sulfur, etc. Fuel pellets with reduced

  The biomass-derived fuel pellet 11 is a fuel pellet having a potassium content of 0 mg / kg or more and 2000 mg / kg or less, more preferably 0 mg / kg or more and 1000 mg / kg or less, which causes scale when the boiler is used. Further, the biomass-derived fuel pellet 11 is also a fuel pellet having a sodium content of 0 mg / kg or more and 2000 mg / kg or less, more preferably 0 mg / kg or more and 1000 mg / kg or less, which causes scale when the boiler is used. is there. When the content of both potassium and sodium exceeds 2000 mg / kg, scaling becomes easy.

  The biomass-derived fuel pellet 11 is a fuel pellet having a chlorine content of 0 mg / kg or more and 1000 mg / kg or less, more preferably 0 mg / kg or more and 500 mg / kg or less, which causes corrosion when the boiler is used. When the content of chlorine exceeds 1000 mg / kg, corrosion tends to occur.

  Further, the biomass-derived fuel pellet 11 is a fuel pellet having a sulfur concentration of 0% by mass or more and 0.20% by mass or less, more preferably 0% by mass or more and 0.10% by mass or less, which causes corrosion when the boiler is used. . When the sulfur concentration exceeds 0.20% by mass, corrosion tends to occur.

  The biomass-derived fuel pellets 51, 61, 71 reduce the content of substances causing scale such as potassium in the raw material by washing the crushed raw material with normal temperature water or warm water, which causes the scale The water content of the raw material having a reduced content of substance is reduced, the raw material having the reduced water content is further crushed, and the crushed raw material is granulated into a fuel shape and then carbonized to obtain a co-firing. Fuel pellets with an improved rate. Here, the mixed combustion rate is the ratio of biomass to the total used fuel when mixed with biomass and other fuels by the calorific conversion of the biomass (mixed combustion rate = heat converted amount of biomass used / (heat converted amount of biomass used + used Heat equivalent of other fuels)).

  The size of the biomass-derived fuel pellet 11 is preferably Φ5 mm or more and Φ25 mm or less, and more preferably Φ6 mm or more and Φ10 mm or less. Moreover, when manufacturing the biomass origin fuel pellet 21 by the 2nd manufacturing method 23 (method to carbonize in oil using the fry apparatus 226) mentioned later, as for a pellet size, (phi) 6mm or more and phi10 mm or less are preferable. For example, by setting the size of biomass-derived fuel pellets 11 and 21 to Φ6 mm or 88 mm similar to the size standard for wood pellets, the fuel pellets 11 and 21 can be used as fuel pellets as they are in existing boilers. The pellets can be mixed or substituted.

  Further, the length of the biomass-derived fuel pellet 11 can be appropriately changed in accordance with the specification of the boiler or the like.

The biomass-derived fuel pellets 11 will be described in detail in methods 13, 23, 33 and 43 for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets described later.
(Biomass fueling system 12 according to the first embodiment)

  It is a preferred embodiment of the biomass fueling system according to the present invention, and the configuration of the biomass fueling system 12 according to the first embodiment is shown in FIG. 1A.

  As shown in FIG. 1A, the biomass fueling system 12 promotes the elution of substances causing scale such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur and glass contained in the raw material 111. As such, the caustic agent of the scale contained in the crushed material 112 is obtained by crushing the raw material 111 consisting of empty palm fruit bunches and crushing the fiber to make the crushed material 112 into a crushed material 112 and the crushed material 112 being washed. After the water content is reduced by the cleaning device 122 for reducing the water content of the cleaning material 113 and the drying device 124 for reducing the water content of the cleaning material 113, and then carbonizing the dried material 114. Substances that cause corrosion during boiler use, such as chlorine and sulfur, which are contained in the dry matter 114, while further reducing the water content rate Carbonization device 126 to reduce the amount of heat generated per unit weight by reducing the amount of heat per unit weight, the granulation device 128 to granulate the carbide 117 into the shape of fuel and A measurement / mixing device 129 is provided which measures the brittleness and mixes the fuel pellets 11 so that the quality of the product becomes constant. In addition, promoting the solute of the substance causing the scale does not mean that the elution of all the various substances causing the scale is promoted. In addition, to reduce substances that cause scale in the raw material does not mean to reduce all the various substances that cause scale, but to reduce at least one of the substances that cause scale. There is also a possibility. The same is true for substances that cause corrosion.

The biomass fueling system will be described in detail in production methods 13, 23, 33, 43 of biomass-derived fuel pellets described later.
(First method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets 13)

  The biomass-derived fuel pellet 11, the biomass fueling system 12, and the first method 13 for producing a biomass-derived fuel pellet according to the present invention will be described in detail along the process for producing a biomass-derived fuel pellet.

  FIG. 2A is a flowchart showing the flow of the first method 13 for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets according to the present invention, FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a crusher 1211 according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a grinder 1212 5 shows a schematic view of the cleaning tank 1221, FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of the carbonization apparatus system 1261, and FIG. 8 shows a schematic view of a ring die type granulator 1281.

As shown to FIG. 2A, the 1st manufacturing method 13 of the biomass origin fuel pellet which concerns on this Embodiment is sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, glass, etc. which are contained in the raw material 111 By crushing the raw material 111 consisting of palm empty fruit bunches and mashing the fibers so as to promote the elution of the substance causing the scale of the crushing process 131 to make the crushed material 112 and washing the crushed material 112 By the washing step 132 to reduce the causative substance of the scale contained in the crushed material 112 to make the washing material 113, the drying step 134 to reduce the water content of the washing material 113 to make the drying material 114, and the drying step 134 After the moisture content is reduced, the moisture content is further reduced by carbonizing the dried material 114, and , Pelletize the carbide 117 into fuel shape by reducing the substances that cause corrosion at the time of boiler use such as chlorine, sulfur, etc., and making it the carbide 117 with an increased amount of heat per unit weight, fuel pellet It comprises a granulation step 138 for making 11 and a measurement / mixing step 139 for measuring the heat quantity and brittleness of the fuel pellet 11 and mixing the fuel pellet 11 so that the quality of the product becomes constant.
(Crushing process 131)

  In the crushing step 131, the caustic agent of scale such as potassium contained in a large amount in the empty palm fruit bunch, which is a raw material, is easily eluted in the washing step 132 by destroying the cell wall using the crushing apparatus 121. It is a pretreatment process for

  The raw material 111 has a large volume because it uses empty palm fruit bunches discarded as unused materials from a factory or the like. First, in the crushing step 131, the empty fruit bunches, which are raw materials, are crushed by 5 to 50 mm, more preferably 10 to 20 mm by the crusher 1211 as described later (volume reduction) into crushed material 112A After that, the surface of the crushed material 112A is consolidated and rubbed with a grinder 1212 as described later, thereby making many scratches on the surface of the crushed material 112A. When a large number of wounds are placed on the surface of the crushed material 112A and the cell wall is destroyed, the causative material of the scale is eluted from the broken cell wall in the washing step 132, so that the causative factor of the scale is increased, It can be removed in a short time.

  The crushing apparatus 121 used in the crushing process 131 uses, for example, a crusher 1211 that shears the raw material 111, and an attritor 1212 that crushes the fibers by crushing and crushing the crushed materials 112A and breaking the fibers. it can. As the crusher 1211, for example, a crusher as shown in FIG. 3 can be used. Also, as the grinder 1212, for example, a grinder as shown in FIG. 4 can be used. The crushing apparatus is not particularly limited as long as it is an apparatus capable of crushing, crushing, grinding, etc. For example, a uniaxial crusher, a twin screw crusher, a refiner, a hammer crusher, a kneader or the like can be used.

  In the present embodiment, a case will be described where grinding is carried out with a grinder 1212 after being roughly crushed with a crusher 1211. In the case where the washing process in the post-treatment process is a badge type using a washing tank etc., the degree of crushing in the crushing process such as coarse crushing, crushing, crushing, grinding, etc. Because of this change, the elution of the causative agent of the scale is also affected. In such a case, priority may be given to water removal in the washing step, and crushing or grinding may not be performed, and only coarse crushing may be performed, and even if the screen size is changed according to the crushing size of the raw material Good.

  First, as shown in FIG. 3, the crusher 1211 has an inlet 1211A for charging the raw material 111, a rotary blade 1211E and a fixed blade 1211F for crushing the charged raw material 111, and a rotor 1211D to which the rotary blade 1211E is attached. A pusher 1211C for pressing the raw material 111 to the rotor 1211D, a crushing chamber 1211B having a fixed blade 1211F attached thereto, and a screen 1211G provided with a plurality of holes and passing only the crushed material 112A roughly crushed below a predetermined size And a discharge port 1211H for discharging the roughly crushed crushed material 112A that has passed through the screen 1211G.

  The raw material 111 is introduced into the crushing chamber 1211 B from the inlet 1211 A of the crusher 1211. The input raw material 111 is pressed against the rotor 1211D by the pusher 1211C. The pressed raw material 111 is repeatedly crushed until it becomes a size passing through the screen 1211G by the rotary blade 1211E attached to the rotor 1211D and the fixed blade 1211F attached in the crushing chamber 1211B. The crushed material 112A that has passed through the screen 1211G is discharged from the discharge port 1211H. The size of the hole of the screen 1211 G in the present embodiment is 5050 mm.

  Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 4, the grinder 1212 is provided with an input port 1212A for charging the roughly crushed crushed material 112A, a cylindrical portion 1212B for receiving the charged broken material 112A, and the charged crushing material 112A. The rotary blade 1212D and fixed blade 1212E for grinding the material, the spiral rotary body 1212C for transferring the crushed material 112A between the rotary blade 1212D and the fixed blade 1212E, and the crushed material 112B that has been ground are discharged. And an outlet 1212F.

  The crushed material 112A is introduced into the cylindrical portion 1212B from the inlet 1212A of the attritor 1212. The input crushed material 112A is pushed between the rotary blade 1212D and the fixed blade 1212E by the spiral rotating body 1212C. It is ground by the rotary blade 1212D and the fixed blade 1212E. The crushed fragments 112B are discharged from the discharge port 1212F. In the present embodiment, the crushed crushed material 112B is referred to as a crushed material 112.

  The crushing method is not limited to physical treatment, and any method capable of destroying the cell wall may be used, and freezing treatment, ultrasonic treatment, chemical treatment, microorganism treatment, etc. may be used.

In the crushing step, by uniformly crushing the raw material 111, the causative substance of the scale can be uniformly removed in the cleaning step described later, and in addition, the carbon can be uniformly carbonized in the carbonization step described later. Therefore, the quality of the biomass origin fuel pellet 11 can be made uniform. In addition, by finely crushing, elution is possible even with low temperature water.
(Washing step 132)

  The cleaning step 132 is a step for removing scale-causing substances such as potassium which are contained in the raw material and block the boiler or the like when the fuel pellets are used.

  In the washing step 132, the crushed material 112 treated in the crushing step 131 is immersed in water to elute the scale-causing substance such as potassium contained in the crushed material 112 into water. The temperature of water is water of 20 ° C. or more and 110 ° C. or less, more preferably 50 ° C. or more and 80 ° C. or less. By using hot water, the elution time of the scale causative substance can be shortened and the elution rate can be increased. The use of waste heat from the factory is effective in adjusting the water temperature.

  The elution time is different depending on the degree of crushing in the crushing step 131, the type of dumpling as a raw material, and the mixing ratio, so it is desirable to perform sampling etc. and measure and determine the residual amount of the causative agent of scale with a measuring machine.

  The washing apparatus 122 used for the washing process 132 can use the washing tank 1221, for example.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the cleaning tank 1221 has an inlet 1221A for charging the crushed material 112, and has a cleaning chamber 1221B for cleaning the crushed material 112, and an agitator 1221C for stirring water in the cleaning chamber 1221B, A heating mechanism 1221D for heating water in the cleaning chamber 1221B and an outlet 1221E for discharging the cleaning object 113 are provided.

  The crushed material 112 is introduced from the inlet 1221A into the cleaning chamber 1221B filled with water at about 80 ° C., and immersed in water for several minutes to several days. The washing tank 1221 can be provided with a stirrer 1221 C, and the stirring promotes the elution of the causative agent of the scale and enables uniform removal. In addition, the cleaning tank 1221 can be provided with a heating mechanism 1221D, and the elution of the causative agent of the scale is promoted by the increase of the temperature of the water in the cleaning chamber 1221B. The heating mechanism 1221D is, for example, a pipe that is wound around the cleaning chamber and passes hot water discharged from the factory, and heat exchange is performed between the water in the cleaning chamber and the hot water in the piping. The water in the wash room is warmed. The cleaned cleaning product 113 is discharged from the discharge port 1221E. It may be dewatered with a dehydrator such as a screw press (not shown) before the transfer of the drying step.

  The number of times of washing is not limited to one, and washing and dehydration may be performed multiple times. For example, a dewatering and cleaning device such as a tilt extractor (not shown) can be used. In addition, water used for a small amount of residual substances of scale may be reused for a large amount of residual substances of scale.

  The crushed and washed biomass-derived fuel pellets 11 can reduce the content of substances that cause scale when the boiler is used.

  The potassium content of the biomass-derived fuel pellet 11 is preferably 0 mg / kg or more and 2000 mg / kg or less, more preferably 0 mg / kg or more and 1000 mg / kg or less.

By the crushing step 131 and the washing step 132, it is possible to efficiently remove the causative substance of scale such as potassium which is contained in a large amount in the empty palm fruit bunches as the raw material. Therefore, when using a fuel pellet, the fuel pellet which reduced the cause substance of the scale which obstructs installations, such as a boiler, can be manufactured.
(Drying step 134)

  The drying step 134 is a step for reducing the amount of water in the washed product 113 treated in the washing step 132 and reducing the energy required for carbonization in the carbonization step 136.

  In the drying step 134, a dryer 1241 utilizing surplus energy such as waste heat in a factory is used, or natural drying such as sun drying is an effective means. In order to dry naturally and to dry in a short time, it is effective to increase the surface area by using a cloth or net. In the drying step 134, although the water content of less than 15% of the washed product 113 is a standard, it is preferable to shift to the carbonization step 136 in a state where the water content is further reduced from the viewpoint of energy saving and manufacturing cost.

  As the drying device 124 used in the drying step 134, for example, a dryer 1241 or a drying system can be used.

  First, the dryer 1241 is an apparatus for drying with high temperature hot air such as a washing and drying machine. In using such a dryer 1241, the use of surplus energy in the factory is preferable.

  As shown in FIG. 6, for example, the dryer 1241 is fixed to the inside of the rotating shell 1241B and rotates, being fixed at a raw material inlet 1241A for charging the cleaning product 113, a rotating shell 1241B for rotating the loaded cleaning material 113, and A main pipe 1241C for sending hot air to the cleaning object 113, a heat source mechanism 1241E for heating the outside air supplied from outside the system, a combustion fan 1241F for blowing the outside air necessary for combustion in the heat source mechanism 1241E, and a heat source mechanism 1241E A suction fan 1241G for sucking heated hot air into the rotary shell 1241B via the main pipe 1241C, a dust collector 1241H for separating particles such as dust from exhaust gas in the rotary shell 1241B, and a dust collector 1241H Exhaust fan for discharging exhaust gas from which particles such as dust have been removed out of the system It comprises a 241I, and a dried product outlet 1241J for discharging dried product 114 was dried in a rotary shell 1241b. In the dryer 1241, particles such as dust are removed by the dust collector 1241H, and the heated exhaust gas is reused by supplying it to the heat source mechanism 1241E.

  The cleaning object 113 is supplied from the raw material inlet 1241A, is heated by the heat source mechanism 1241E while rotating in the rotary shell 1241B, and is dried by being exposed to hot air blown by the suction fan 1241G through the main pipe 1241C. It is discharged from the dried product outlet 1241J as the dried product 114 having a moisture content of about 15%.

The drying step 134 can reduce the amount of water in the washed product 113 containing a large amount of water, and can reduce the energy required for carbonization in the carbonization step 136.
(Carbonization process 136)

  The carbonization process 136 is a process for removing chlorine which causes corrosion at the time of using the boiler by carbonizing the dried product 114 treated in the drying process 134 and increasing calories per unit weight.

Carbonization at 200 ° C to 300 ° C, which is the thermal decomposition temperature of hemicellulose, is called trefaction (semi-carbonization), and maintains a high amount of heat and improves friability and water resistance as compared to carbonization at high temperatures. Do. On the other hand, carbonization at 300 ° C. or higher has an effect of reducing unnecessary components. In the present specification, the term "carbonization" is a concept including half carbonization, and in the first embodiment, a method of half carbonization at 200 ° C. or more and less than 300 ° C. is described, and in the second embodiment, 300 ° C. or more I will explain how to carbonize.
(First embodiment of carbonization process)

  In a first embodiment of the carbonization process 136, the dried dry matter 114 is carbonized. By half-carbonizing, the yield is increased and fuel pellets 11 having a large calorific value can be produced.

  In the carbonization step 136, the dried product 114 dried in the drying step 134 is in steam of 200 ° C. or more and 290 ° C. or less, more preferably in steam of 220 ° C. or more and 280 ° C. or less, still more preferably 230 ° C. or more and 270 ° C. or less It is heated in steam and partially carbonized. If the temperature is less than 200 ° C., half carbonization may not be possible. If the temperature exceeds 290 ° C., the cellulose is decomposed and the amount of heat is reduced. The carbonization temperature is appropriately changed because it varies depending on the kind of palm and the size of crushing.

  The half carbonization treatment time is preferably 60 minutes or less, and more preferably 40 minutes or less. Long-time processing is because cellulose may be degraded. However, about processing time, it is not limited to 60 minutes or less, and can be suitably changed with the kind and crushing size of a palm. In addition, the heating temperature does not have to be a constant temperature, and heating can be performed with various heat patterns, such as gradually raising the temperature.

  As such a carbonization apparatus, for example, a carbonization system 1261 as shown in FIG. 7 can be used.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the carbonization system 1261 heats the steam boiler 1261 A generating saturated steam at 100 ° C. and the saturated steam at 100 ° C. under pressure higher than atmospheric pressure to generate steam at 100 ° C. or more. Heat exchange for reducing the temperature of gases and the like discharged from the carbonized furnace 1261C, a carbonizing furnace 1261C for carbonizing the dried product 114 with the superheated steam, a cyclone 1261D for removing dust discharged from the carbonized furnace 1261C, and superheated steam generator 1261B Unit 1261E, cooling tower 1261F for cooling cooling water for cooling heat exchanger 1261E, and scrubber 1261G for cleaning, adsorbing and discharging unnecessary gas such as hydrogen chloride and hydrocarbon discharged from carbonization furnace 1261C. ing.

  First, the dried product 114 dried in the drying step 134 is introduced from the inlet of the carbonization furnace 1261C. Saturated steam at 100 ° C. is generated by the steam boiler 1261 A, and the generated steam is sent to the superheated steam generator 1261 B to generate superheated steam at 250 ° C. Subsequently, the superheated steam generator 1261B sends the superheated steam to the carbonization furnace 1261C whose input port is closed. Dry matter 114 is heated by superheated steam for about 30 minutes in carbonization furnace 1261 C maintained at about 250 ° C. to form carbide 117. The steam and the like discharged from the carbonization furnace 1261C are sent to a cyclone 1261D and removed from dust and the like, and then sent to a scrubber 1261G. After unnecessary gas is cleaned, the gas is discharged from an outlet of the scrubber 1261G. The carbide 117 is discharged from the discharge port after being radiated to a temperature lower than the ignition temperature.

In addition, since waste heat can be used by making the heat exchanger 1261 E an apparatus capable of recovering heat, it is energy saving. Also, although carbonization in water vapor has been described as an example, it is not limited to water vapor, and may be carbonized in a low oxygen atmosphere of 5% by volume or less or an inert gas atmosphere.
(Second embodiment of carbonization process)

  In a second embodiment of the carbonization process 136, the dried dry matter 114 is carbonized at 300 ° C. or higher.

In the carbonization step 136, for example, the dried product 114 dried in the drying step 134 is carbonized by heating with a heating steam of 700 ° C. and a furnace temperature of 400 ° C. using a carbonization system 1261.
(Granulation process 138)

  The granulation step 138 is a step for forming the carbides 117 carbonized in the carbonization step 136 into pellets which are easy to carry and use.

  As the granulating device 128, a ring die type granulating device 1281 as shown in FIG. 8, a flat die type granulating device and a screw type granulating device (as described in JP-A-63-214421) “Industrial waste compression molding equipment”), extrusion type extruder, etc.

  For example, the case of granulation using a ring die type granulator 1281 will be described based on FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the ring die type granulator 1281 has an inlet 1281A for charging the carbide 117, a ring die 1281C having an infinite number of holes of substantially the diameter size of the pellet, and a ring 117 for the carbide 117 charged. A pressing device 1281B for pushing the inside of the 1281C, a press roll 1281D for pushing out the carbide 117 from the inside to the outside of the ring die 1281C, a cutter 1281E for cutting the pushed carbide 117 into a predetermined size, and an exhaust for discharging the fuel pellet 11 And an outlet 1228F.

  First, the carbide 117 is charged from the inlet 1281A. Subsequently, the introduced carbides 117 are transferred to the inside of the ring die 1281C by a pushing device 1281B provided below the inlet 1281A. The carbide 117 transferred to the inside of the ring die 1281C is caught between the press roll 1281D and the ring die 1281C, and is pushed out from the Φ6 mm or 88 mm holes provided in a large number in the ring die 1281C. The extruded carbides 117 are pelletized by being cut into a fixed size by a cutter 1281E and discharged from an outlet 1281F.

  The pellet size is preferably Φ5 mm or more and Φ25 mm or less, and more preferably Φ6 mm or more and Φ10 mm or less.

The biomass-derived fuel pellet 11 produced by the present production method is easy to use in a general boiler, and in addition, is less likely to collapse during transportation.
(Measurement and mixing process 139)

  The measurement / mixing step 139 is a step for measuring the heat quantity and brittleness of the granulated fuel pellet and mixing them based on the measurement data to make the product quality constant.

  The main measurement items are residual amount of substances causing scale such as potassium, residual amount of substances causing corrosion when using boiler such as chlorine, calorific value per unit weight, and the like. The blending ratio can be appropriately changed according to the type of specification boiler based on the measurement data.

Since biomass-derived fuel pellets use empty palm bunches discarded as unused materials from factories etc. as raw material 111, it is difficult to keep the quality of raw material 111 constant due to various factors such as varieties and individual differences, There are variations. Since the components, properties, and the like of the manufactured fuel pellets 11 differ due to the variation of the raw material 111, measurement is performed for predetermined items, and the fuel pellets 11 are mixed based on the measurement data. By measuring and mixing, biomass-derived fuel pellets 11 having stable quality can be provided.
(Biomass fueling system 22 according to the second embodiment)

  It is a preferred embodiment of the biomass fueling system according to the present invention, and the configuration of the biomass fueling system according to the second embodiment is shown in FIG. 1B.

  As shown in FIG. 1B, the biomass fueling system 22 promotes the elution of substances causing scale such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, and glass contained in the raw material 211. As such, the caustic agent of the scale contained in the crushed material 212 is obtained by crushing the raw material 211 consisting of palm empty fruit bunches and crushing the fibers to form the crushed material 212 and washing the crushed material 212. In the oil, after the water content is reduced by the cleaning device 222 to reduce the water content of the cleaning material 213 by reducing the water content of the cleaning material 213 and reducing the water content of the cleaning material 213 The dried product 214 is carbonized to further reduce the water content, and the contents of the dried product 214, such as chlorine and sulfur, are reduced. The frying device 226 reduces the substances that cause corrosion at the time of use and increases the amount of heat per unit weight to a carbide 217, and the granulation device that granulates the carbide 217 in the shape of a fuel and converts it to a fuel pellet 21 228, and a measurement / mixing device 229 for measuring the heat quantity and brittleness of the fuel pellet 21 and mixing the fuel pellet 21 so that the quality of the product becomes constant.

Details of the biomass fueling system 22 will be described in the method 23 of producing biomass-derived fuel pellets described later.
(Second Production Method of Biomass Derived Fuel Pellet 23)

  The flowchart which shows the flow of the 2nd manufacturing method of the biomass origin fuel pellet which concerns on this invention is shown to FIG. 2B, and the schematic diagram of the fry apparatus 226 which concerns on this Embodiment in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 2B, in the second production method 23 for biomass-derived fuel pellets, the steps other than the carbonization step 236 and the granulation step 238 are the same as the steps described in the production method 13 for biomass-derived fuel pellets, Step 231 · Cleaning step 232 · Drying step 234 · Measurement and mixing step 239 correspond to crushing step 131 · Cleaning step 132 · Drying step 134 · Measurement and mixing step 139, respectively.
(Carbing process 236)

  In the carbonization step 236, the dried product 214 dried in the drying step 234 is in an oil of 120 ° C. or more and 300 ° C. or less, more preferably in an oil of 140 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less, still more preferably 150 ° C. It is heated in oil at 170 ° C. or less and carbonized. If it is less than 120 ° C., the treatment time may be too long, and if it exceeds 300 ° C., the cellulose is decomposed and the heat quantity is unfavorably reduced. The carbonization temperature can be appropriately set because it varies depending on the type of palm and the size of crushing.

  The carbonization treatment time is preferably 10 minutes to 90 minutes, more preferably 20 minutes to 60 minutes, and most preferably 50 minutes to 70 minutes. If less than 10 minutes, hemicellulose which is not decomposed may remain, and if it exceeds 90 minutes, cellulose may be decomposed. However, the treatment time is not limited to 10 minutes or more and 90 minutes or less, and can be appropriately set according to the type of palm and the size of crushing. In addition, the heating temperature does not have to be a constant temperature, and heating can be performed with various heat patterns, such as gradually raising the temperature.

  As such a fry apparatus 226, a fryer 2261 as shown in FIG. 9 is used. The frying device 226 includes an oil tank 2261A for containing oil and a heater 2261B for heating the oil placed in the oil tank. In order to carbonize uniformly, you may equip the stirring apparatus and the movement apparatus.

  The heating method may be such that the dried matter 214 contained in the basket is immersed in the heated oil for a certain period of time, or the conveyor carrying the dried matter 214 may move in the oil. By connecting the outlet of the drying device 224 directly to the basket or the inlet of the conveyor, more efficient operation is possible.

The fully carbonized carbides 217 are degreased on a net or separated using a centrifuge or press to separate excess oil and adjusted to a suitable oil level. The suitable amount of oil refers to the extent to which the oil does not separate at the time of granulation in the granulation step 238, and is appropriately adjusted in accordance with the degree of compression in the granulation step 238.
(Granulation process 238)

  The granulation step 238 can use the same method and apparatus as the granulation step 138.

The pellet size is preferably φ5 mm or more and φ25 mm or less, and more preferably Φ6 mm or more and Φ10 mm or less.
(Biomass fueling system 32 according to the third embodiment)

  It is a preferred embodiment of the biomass fueling system according to the present invention, and the configuration of the biomass fueling system according to the third embodiment is shown in FIG. 1C.

  As shown in FIG. 1C, the biomass fueling system 32 promotes the elution of scale-causing substances such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, and glass contained in the raw material 311. As such, it is contained in the primary crushed material 312 by crushing the raw material 311 consisting of palm empty fruit bunches and crushing the fiber to make the primary crushed material 312 and the primary crushing device 312 and the primary crushed material 312 being washed. The water content was reduced by the cleaning device 322 that reduces the causative agent of the scale and makes the cleaning product 313, the drying device 324 that reduces the moisture content of the cleaning material 313 to make the dried product 314, and the drying device 324 The secondary crushing device 325 for crushing the dried product 314 to a size suitable for carbonization and granulation, and the secondary crushing broken by the secondary crushing device 325 By carbonizing 315, the moisture content is further reduced, and substances that cause corrosion during boiler use, such as chlorine and sulfur, contained in the secondary crushed material 315 are reduced, and the amount of heat per unit weight is increased. The amount of heat and brittleness of fuel pellet 31 is measured by granulating device 328, which granulates carbide 317 into fuel shape, and converts it into fuel pellet 31. It has a measuring and mixing device 329 for mixing the fuel pellets 31 so as to be constant.

The details of the biomass fueling system 32 will be described in the third method 33 for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets described later.
(Third Production Method of Biomass-Derived Fuel Pellet 33)

  The flowchart which shows the flow of the 3rd manufacturing method of the biomass origin fuel pellet which concerns on this invention is shown to FIG. 2C.

As shown in FIG. 2C, the third method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets performs a primary crushing step 331 instead of the crushing step 131 and performs a secondary crushing step 335 before the carbonization step 336. The other steps are the same as the steps described in the method 13 for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets, and the washing step 332, the drying step 334, the granulation step 338 and the measurement and mixing step 339 are respectively the washing step 132 and the drying step. 134 corresponds to the granulation process 138 and the measurement and mixing process 139.
(Primary crushing process 331)

  The primary crushing process 331 is substantially the same as the crushing process 131.

Since the crushing optimized for the carbonization and granulation processes is performed in the secondary crushing process 335, in this process, the raw material 311 mainly takes into consideration the ease of elution of substances causing scale such as potassium. It is crushed to size.
(Secondary crushing process 335)

In the secondary crushing step 335, the dried product 314 is crushed to a size optimized for the carbonization and granulation step.
(Carbing process 336)

The carbonization step 336 is similar to the carbonization step 136.
(Biomass fueling system 42 according to the fourth embodiment)

  It is a preferred embodiment of the biomass fueling system according to the present invention, and the configuration of the biomass fueling system according to the fourth embodiment is shown in FIG. 1D.

  As shown in FIG. 1D, the biomass fueling system 42 promotes the elution of scale-causing substances such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur and glass contained in the raw material 411. As such, it is contained in the primary crushed material 412 by crushing the raw material 411 consisting of palm empty fruit bunches and grinding the fiber to make the primary crushed material 412 and the primary crushed material 412 being washed. The water content was reduced by the washing device 422 for reducing the causative agent of the scale and producing the wash product 413, the drying device 424 for reducing the moisture content of the wash product 413 to the dry matter 414, and the drying device 424 After that, the moisture content is further reduced by carbonizing the dry matter 414 and chlorine, sulfur, etc. contained in the dry matter 414. A carbonization device 426 for reducing the substances that cause corrosion when using an iler and forming carbides 417 with an increased amount of heat per unit weight, and a secondary crushing device 427 for crushing the carbides 417 to a size suitable for granulation The pelletizer 428 which granulates the carbide 418 crushed by the secondary crushing device 427 into the shape of fuel and makes it into the fuel pellet 41, measures the heat quantity and brittleness of the fuel pellet 41, etc., and makes the product quality constant. And a measurement / mixing device 429 for mixing the fuel pellets 41 as described above.

Details of the biomass fueling system 42 will be described in the method 43 for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets described later.
(Fourth production method of biomass-derived fuel pellets 43)

  The flowchart which shows the flow of the 4th manufacturing method of the biomass origin fuel pellet which concerns on this invention is shown to FIG. 2D.

In the fourth method 43 for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets, as shown in FIG. 2D, a primary crushing step 431 is performed instead of the crushing step 131, and a secondary crushing step 437 is performed after the tofection step 436. The other processes are the same as the processes described in the biomass-derived fuel pellet manufacturing method 13, and the washing process 432, the drying process 434, the granulation process 438 and the measurement and mixing process 439 are respectively the washing process 132 and the drying process. 134 corresponds to the granulation process 138 and the measurement and mixing process 139.
(Primary crushing process 431)

The primary crushing step 431 is the same as the primary crushing step 331.
(Trerection process 436)

  In the torrefaction step 436, the dried product 414 whose moisture content is reduced by the drying device 424 is semi-carbonized at 200 ° C. to 300 ° C. which is the thermal decomposition temperature of hemicellulose. The specific method and apparatus used are the same as the half carbonization in the carbonization step 136 except that the carbonization temperature is limited to 200 ° C. to 300 ° C.

By performing torrefaction, the carbide 417 can retain a high amount of heat, and the friability and water resistance are improved.
(Secondary crushing process 437)

  In the secondary crushing step 437, the carbide 417 is crushed to a size that facilitates granulation.

The carbide 417 is improved in friability by the torduction process 436, and can be crushed by a small crusher as compared with the secondary crusher in the third embodiment. Therefore, manufacturing energy and cost can be suppressed.
(Removal test of scale causing substance)

In order to evaluate whether or not sodium, potassium which is a scale causative substance, and chlorine which is a corrosion are properly removed from the produced fuel pellets, the scale causative substance removal test was performed.
(Test method)

The content of the scale causing substance was measured for the empty palm fruit bunches after the washing step and the empty palm fruit bunches after the carbonizing step. The sample was roughly crushed with a crusher as shown in FIG. 3 and then ground with an attritor as shown in FIG. 4 and then crushed as shown in FIG. After roughly crushing with a machine, two types with Example 2 which washed in a washing process were prepared. Washing was carried out using a badge-type washing tank, pouring in water, stirring for about 10 minutes, and then draining work three times. The content of the scale causative substance was measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after dry decomposition of potassium and sodium, and calculated in terms of dry sample. Moreover, about chlorine, it measured by the ion chromatograph using the combustion pipe | tube type | formula air method, and it computed by dry sample conversion.
Example 1

Rough crushing was performed on 300 kg of palm empty fruit bunches using a screen of φ 50 in a crusher as shown in FIG. Thereafter, it was milled with a mill as shown in FIG. A photograph of the palm empty fruit bunch after grinding is shown in FIG. As shown to this figure, the palm empty fruit bunch of Example 1 became about 30-70 mm in fiber length, and it was in the state by which the fiber was shrunk. Thereafter, washing was performed three times, and the content of the scale causative substance after the washing step of Example 1 was calculated by the above-mentioned measurement method. Moreover, about the palm empty fruit bunch of Example 1, after making it dry at the drying process 134, the sample carbonized at the carbonization process 136 is also produced, and the carbonization process of Example 1 is carried out by the above-mentioned measuring method. The content of the scale causing substance was also calculated.
(Example 2)

460 kg of palm empty fruit bunches were roughly crushed using a rotor rotary blade and a screen of φ 50 in a crusher as shown in FIG. The photograph of the raw material after this coarse crushing is shown in FIG. As shown to this figure, the palm empty fruit bunch of Example 2 became about 30-70 mm in fiber length, and it was in the state in which the fiber was disintegrated. Thereafter, washing was performed three times, and the content of the scale causative substance after the washing step of Example 2 was calculated by the above-mentioned measurement method.
(Measurement of calories)

The palm empty fruit bunch of Example 1 was dried in the drying step 134, and then the calorific value of the sample produced by carbonizing in the carbonization step 136 was measured by a bomb calorimeter.
(Evaluation)

Table 1 shows the content of the scale causative agent of empty palm fruit bunches of Example 1 and Example 2 after washing.

  As described above, the potassium content and the sodium content of the biomass-derived fuel pellet 11 are both preferably 0 mg / kg or more and 2000 mg / kg or less, and more preferably 0 mg / kg or more and 1000 mg / kg or less However, as shown in Table 1, the value was extremely low after the washing step, and was within the required numerical range after the carbonization step. In addition, the chlorine content of the biomass-derived fuel pellet 11 is preferably 0 mg / kg or more and 1000 mg / kg or less, more preferably 0 mg / kg or more and 500 mg / kg or less. The value after the cleaning step was extremely low, and after the carbonization step, the value was within the required numerical range. Furthermore, the biomass-derived fuel pellet is required to have a calorific value of 18 MJ / kg or more and 27 MJ / kg or less, more preferably 20 MJ / kg or more. The calorific value of the pellets was measured to be 20.4 MJ / kg.

  From the above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to reduce the content of the substance causing the scale when using the boiler, and to provide a fuel pellet having a practical level of calorific value.

  In the first to fourth embodiments, mainly by devising the crushing step and the washing step, it is possible to efficiently elute the substance causing the scale at the time of using the boiler from the raw material consisting of palm empty fruit bunches In addition to showing various systems and manufacturing methods, experiments have shown that the carbides produced have a low content of scale-causing materials when using a boiler, and a large practical calorific value can be obtained.

From here, in the fifth embodiment to the seventh embodiment, the raw material is mainly granulated in the form of fuel in the manufacturing process, and then carbonized to mix the biomass and other fuels with all the fuels used. In addition to showing various systems and manufacturing methods that can improve the mixed combustion rate, which is the ratio based on the calorific conversion of biomass, the carbides manufactured by experiments show that the mixed combustion rate is high and a large calorific value of practical level can be obtained. Show.
(Biomass fueling system 52 according to the fifth embodiment)

  It is a preferred embodiment of the biomass fueling system according to the present invention, and the configuration of the biomass fueling system according to the fifth embodiment is shown in FIG. 12A.

  As shown in FIG. 12A, the biomass fueling system 52 promotes the elution of substances causing scale such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, and glass contained in the raw material 511. As a result, the material 511 consisting of empty palm fruit bunches is crushed and the fibers are crushed to crush the crushing apparatus 521 to make the crushing product 512 and the crushing substance of the scale contained in the crushing product 512 by washing the crushing product 512 After the water content is reduced by the drying device 524 and the drying device 524 for reducing the water content of the washed product 513 to reduce the water content of the washed product 513 and the drying device 524. Granulating device 528 which granulates the dried matter 514 whose water content has been reduced by 524 in the form of fuel and makes it into granulated matter 516, and By further reducing the water content and reducing substances contained in the granules 516 that cause corrosion during boiler use such as chlorine and sulfur, and increasing the amount of heat per unit weight A carbonization device 526 for forming 51, and a measurement / mixing device 529 for measuring the heat quantity and brittleness of the fuel pellet 51 and mixing the fuel pellet 51 so that the quality of the product becomes constant. In the crushing apparatus 521, grinding for grinding fibers may be omitted, and the measurement itself by the measuring and mixing apparatus 529 may be omitted.

The details of the biomass fueling system 52 will be described in the fifth method 53 for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets described later.
(Fifth manufacturing method of biomass-derived fuel pellets 53)

  The flowchart which shows the flow of the 5th manufacturing method of the biomass origin fuel pellet which concerns on this invention is shown to FIG. 13A.

In the fifth production method 53 of biomass-derived fuel pellets, as shown in FIG. 13A, from the crushing step 531 to the drying step 534 are the same as the crushing step 131 to the drying step 134 in the first method 13 for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets is there. The fifth manufacturing method 53 differs from the first manufacturing method 13 in that there is a granulation step 538 after the drying step 534 and then the carbonization step 536. The measurement and mixing process 539 corresponds to the measurement and mixing process 139.
(Drying step 534)

  In the drying step 534, as in the drying step 134 of the first production method 13, a washing product which is washed and dewatered by the washing step 532 using a drier 1241 and a drying system, and contains about 40% of the water content 513 is dried until the water content is about 15%.

Thus, in the previous step of the granulation step 538, including the moisture in the dried matter 514, for example, about 15% makes it easy to compress the dried matter 514 in the granulation step 538 and to solidify it. It has the merit of being easy. Further, in the carbonization step 536, steam is blown to heat the granulated product 516 so as to be substantially in an oxygen free state, and since the fiber of the granulated product 516 contains water, the water is vaporized to be steam Therefore, by shielding and sending hot air to the granulated product 516, most of what burns partially can be carbonized.
(Granulation process 538)

In the granulation step 138, the carbide 117 is granulated in the ring die type granulator 1281, but in the granulation step 538, the water content is reduced through the drying step 534 using the ring die type granulator The dried product 514 is preferably granulated to a size of φ5 mm or more and φ25 mm or less, more preferably 好 ま し く 6 mm or more and Φ10 mm or less.
(Carbing process 536)

In the carbonization process 136, there are a first example of a carbonization process for semi-carbonizing the dried dried material 114 and a second example of a carbonization process for carbonizing the dried dried material 114. At 536, the granulate 516 is carbonized or carbonized. By carbonizing in the state of the granulated product 516, the fuel pellet 51 is firmly solidified, and the water resistance as the fuel pellet is improved. In addition, by performing the heat treatment in the form of the granulated product 516, it is possible to carbonize without burning, even when the fibers are burned.
(Biomass fueling system 62 according to the sixth embodiment)

  It is a preferred embodiment of the biomass fueling system according to the present invention, and the configuration of the biomass fueling system according to the sixth embodiment is shown in FIG. 12B.

As shown in FIG. 12B, the biomass fueling system 62 promotes the elution of substances causing scale such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, glass, etc. contained in the raw material 611. As a result, the material 611 consisting of palm empty fruit bunches is crushed and the fiber is crushed to crush the crushing apparatus 621 to make the crushing product 612 and the crushing substance of the scale contained in the crushing product 612 by cleaning the crushing product 612 And the drying device 624 for reducing the water content of the washed product 613 to reduce the water content of the washed product 613, and the drying device 624 for reducing the water content, and then the drying device Granulating device 628 which granulates the dried product 614 whose water content has been reduced by 624 in the form of fuel and makes it into a granulated product 616, and By further reducing the water content, and reducing substances contained in the granulated product 616 such as chlorine and sulfur that cause corrosion during boiler use, and increasing the amount of heat per unit weight The apparatus includes a carbonizing device 626 for setting 61, and a measuring / mixing device 629 for measuring the heat quantity and brittleness of the fuel pellet 61 and mixing the fuel pellet 61 so that the quality of the product becomes constant.
(Sixth method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets 63)

  The flowchart which shows the flow of the 6th manufacturing method of the biomass origin fuel pellet concerning this invention is shown to FIG. 13B.

In the sixth production method 63 of biomass-derived fuel pellets, as shown in FIG. 13B, the steps other than the carbonization step 636 are the same as the steps described in the fifth production method 53 of biomass-derived fuel pellets. The washing step 632, the drying step 634, the granulation step 638, and the measurement and mixing step 639 correspond to the crushing step 531, the washing step 532, the drying step 534, the granulation step 538, and the measurement and mixing step 539, respectively.
(Carbing process 636)

In the carbonization step 536, the granulated product 516 is partially carbonized or carbonized by blowing steam to heat the granulated product 516, but in the carbonization step 636, the granulated product 616 is carbonized by the frying apparatus 626. The details of the carbonization step 636 are the same as those of the carbonization step 236 and thus will be omitted.
(Biomass fueling system 72 according to the seventh embodiment)

  It is a preferred embodiment of the biomass fueling system according to the present invention, and the configuration of the biomass fueling system according to the seventh embodiment is shown in FIG. 12C.

As shown in FIG. 12C, the biomass fueling system 72 promotes the elution of substances causing scale such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, and glass contained in the raw material 711 As such, it is contained in the primary crushed material 712 by crushing the raw material 711 consisting of palm empty fruit bunches and grinding the fiber to make the primary crushed material 712 and washing the primary crushed material 712. The water content was reduced by the cleaning device 722 which reduces the causative agent of the scale and makes the washed product 713, the drying device 724 which reduces the moisture content of the washed material 713 to make the dried product 714, and the drying device 724 The dried product 714 is crushed to a size suitable for granulation, and crushed by the secondary crushing apparatus 725 for making the secondary crushed product 715 and the secondary crushing apparatus 725 Granulating device 728 which granulates the crushed secondary crushed material 715 into fuel shape, and carbonizes the granulated material 716 to further reduce the water content, and The amount of heat and brittleness of the fuel pellet 71 such as the fuel pellet 71 which reduces substances causing corrosion at the time of use of the boiler such as chlorine and sulfur contained in 716 and increases the amount of heat per unit weight And the like, and is provided with a measuring and mixing device 729 for mixing the fuel pellets 71 so that the quality of the product becomes constant.
(Seventh Production Method of Biomass-Derived Fuel Pellet 73)

  The flowchart which shows the flow of the 7th manufacturing method of the biomass origin fuel pellet which concerns on this invention is shown to FIG. 13C.

The seventh method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets 73 performs a secondary crushing step 735 between the drying step 534 and the granulation step 538 in the fifth method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets 53 as shown in FIG. 13C. . Therefore, the processes other than the secondary crushing process 735 are the same as the processes described in the fifth method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets 53, and the crushing process 731, the washing process 732, the drying process 734, the granulation process 738, the carbonization process 736 · Measurement and mixing step 739 corresponds to crushing step 531 · washing step 532 · drying step 534 · granulation step 538 · carbonization step 536 · measurement · mixing step 539, respectively.
(Secondary crushing process 735)

In the secondary crushing step 735, secondary crushing is performed on the dried product 714 whose water content has been reduced by the drying step 734. As the size of the holes provided in the ring die of the ring die type granulator used in the granulation step 738 to be performed later is 66 mm or Φ8 mm, the secondary crushing step is performed so that it is easy to enter the holes and compress easily. In 735, it is crushed to a fiber length of around 10 mm. By carbonizing the ground secondary crushed material 715 in the granulation step 738 and subsequent carbonization in the carbonization step 736, biomass-derived fuel pellets 71 uniformly carbonized are obtained. In addition, since the biomass-derived fuel pellets 71 are finely crushed and then firmly solidified, they have high water resistance and excellent crushability, and therefore biomass for all fuels used when mixing other fuels. It is possible to improve the mixed combustion rate, which is the ratio of the amount of heat conversion.
(Evaluation test of mixed burning rate)

In the produced biomass-derived fuel pellets 71, a test was performed to evaluate the mixed combustion rate, which is the ratio of biomass to the total used fuel when mixed with other fuels, in terms of the calorific value of the biomass.
(Test method)

  There is a correlation that when the crushability is excellent, a high co-firing rate is obtained and when the crushability is poor, there is a correlation that the co-firing rate becomes low, so in evaluating the co-firing rate, the co-firing rate is also evaluated Can.

  An evaluation test of grindability was conducted in accordance with JIS M 8801. The test is prepared by collecting the sample according to a predetermined method and air-drying it, or pre-milling the fraction to a predetermined size or less, and then grinding and sieving the sample to a predetermined size. The sample is taken as the test sample.

  The sample to be tested is crushed by a predetermined testing machine, then sieved by a predetermined sieve, the mass under the sieve is weighed, and the value determined by a predetermined experimental formula is represented as HGI (Hard Glove Grinding Index).

The biomass-derived fuel pellets 71 of the seventh example were prepared, and HGI, which is a grindability index of the biomass-derived fuel pellets 71, was determined by the test method described above.
(Evaluation of mixed burning rate)

The HGI of the biomass-derived fuel pellet 71 of the seventh example was 44. This value is a large value compared with 16 of wood chips, 14 of raw material PKS (palm coconut shell) 14, 25 of PKS, and 22 of wood pellets, which are standard HGI values of various fuel pellets. . This indicates that the biomass-derived fuel pellet 71 of the seventh embodiment is easier to be crushed than various fuel pellets, and at least according to the biomass-derived fuel pellet 71 of the seventh embodiment, the mixed combustion rate is improved It turned out to be.
(Measurement of calories)

The high calorific value of the biomass-derived fuel pellet 71 of the seventh example was measured by a bomb calorimeter.
(Evaluation of calories)

  As described above, biomass-derived fuel pellets are required to have a calorific value of 18 MJ / kg or more and 27 MJ / kg or less, more preferably 20 MJ / kg or more. The calorific value of the pellet 71 was measured to be a calorific value of 22.1 MJ / kg.

From the above, according to the present embodiment, a fuel pellet having a large calorific value and capable of improving the mixed combustion rate, which is a ratio of biomass to the total amount of fuel used when co-firing biomass and other fuel, in terms of calories conversion Can provide
(Biomass fueling system 82 according to the eighth embodiment)

  It is a preferred embodiment of the biomass fueling system according to the present invention, and the configuration of the biomass fueling system according to the eighth embodiment is shown in FIG. 14A.

  As shown to FIG. 14A, biomass fueling system A2 promotes elution of the substance which causes scales, such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, glass contained in raw material A11 So, by squeezing the raw material A11 consisting of the stems and leaves of palm palm, the press causing the pressed product A19 and washing the pressed product A19 reduce the causative substance of the scale contained in the pressed product A19 The dried product A14 is carbonized after the dried product A14 is reduced by the cleaning apparatus A22 to be the product A13, the drying apparatus A24 to reduce the moisture content of the washed product A13 to make the dry product A14, and the drying apparatus A24. , Which further reduces the water content and causes the corrosion of the boiler, such as chlorine and sulfur, contained in the dry matter A14. Carbonization device A26 for reducing carbide substances to increase the amount of heat per unit weight, granulating device A28 for granulating carbide A17 into fuel shape and for fuel pellet A1, and fuel pellet A1 And a measuring / mixing device A29 for mixing the fuel pellets A1 so as to measure the amount of heat, brittleness, etc., and to keep the product quality constant. In addition, you may abbreviate | omit the measurement itself by measurement / mixing apparatus A29.

The details of the biomass fueling system A2 will be described in a method A3 for producing biomass bunch-derived fuel pellets described later.
(The eighth method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets A3)

  As shown in FIG. 15A, the eighth production method A3 of the palm empty fruit bunch-derived fuel pellet according to the present invention includes sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, glass contained in the raw material A11. Contained in the pressed product A19 by squeezing the raw material A11 comprising palm empty fruit bunches and promoting the pressed product A19 to squeeze the pressed product A19 so as to promote the elution of the substance causing the scale etc. The water content is reduced by the washing step A32 to reduce the causative substance of the scale to be washed, the drying step A34 to reduce the water content of the washing material A13 to the dry matter A14 to reduce the water content of the Then, the dried product A14 is carbonized to further reduce the water content, and the boiler such as chlorine and sulfur contained in the dried product A14 is used. Carbonization step A36 to reduce the substances that cause corrosion at the time to increase the amount of heat per unit weight to carbide A17, and granulate step A38 to granulate carbide A17 into fuel shape and convert it to fuel pellets A1 And a measurement / mixing step A39 for measuring the heat quantity and brittleness of the fuel pellet A1 and mixing the fuel pellet A1 so that the quality of the product becomes constant.

  The steps other than the pressing step A40 are the same as the steps described in the first method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets 13. The washing step A32, drying step A34, carbonization step A36, granulation step A3A, measurement and mixing step A39 These correspond to the washing step 132, the drying step 134, the carbonization step 136, the granulation step 138, and the measurement and mixing step 139, respectively. In the washing step A32, the pressed product A19 may be washed in multiple stages.

In the pressing step A40, the raw material A11 is pressed by the pressing device A30, the plant cells in the raw material A11 are destroyed, a certain amount of water contained in the raw material A11 is removed, and the cause of scale such as potassium in the raw material A11 Elution of the substance is promoted. It is desirable that the water content of the raw material A11 be reduced by 40% or more in mass at this stage. For example, a known screw-type press, a hydraulic press, or the like can be used as the press A30.
(Biomass fueling system B2 according to the ninth embodiment)

  As shown to FIG. 14B, biomass fueling system B2 promotes elution of the substance which causes scales, such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, glass contained in raw material B11 So, by pressing the raw material B11 consisting of the stems and leaves of palm dumpling, by washing the pressing device B30 to make a pressed object B19 and the pressing object B19, the causative substance of the scale contained in the pressed object B19 is reduced and washed The water content is reduced by the drying device B24 after the water content is reduced by the cleaning device B22 to be the substance B13, the drying device B24 to reduce the moisture content of the cleaning material B13 to be the dry matter B14, and the drying device B24 Granulates the dried product B14 with a reduced amount of fuel into a form of fuel, and carbonizes the As a result, the water content is further reduced, and substances contained in the granulated material B16 that cause corrosion during boiler use, such as chlorine and sulfur, are reduced to increase the amount of heat per unit weight to the fuel pellet B1. And a measurement / mixing device B29 for measuring the heat quantity and brittleness of the fuel pellet B1 and mixing the fuel pellet B1 so that the quality of the product becomes constant. In addition, the measurement itself by measurement / mixing apparatus B29 may be abbreviate | omitted.

The details of the biomass fueling system B2 will be described in the method for producing biomass bunch-derived fuel pellets B described later.
(Ninth manufacturing method B3 of biomass-derived fuel pellet)

In the ninth production method B3 for biomass-derived fuel pellets, as shown in FIG. 15B, from the pressing step B40 to the drying step B34 is the same as the pressing step A40 to the drying step A34 in the eighth production method A83 for biomass-derived fuel pellets is there. The ninth manufacturing method B3 is different from the eighth manufacturing method A3 in that the granulation step B38 follows the drying step B34 and then the carbonization step B36 is performed. The measurement and mixing process B39 corresponds to the measurement and mixing process A39.
(Biomass fueling system C2 according to the tenth embodiment)

  As shown in FIG. 14C, the biomass fueling system C2 promotes the elution of scale-causing substances such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, and glass contained in the raw material C11. Thus, the crushing device C21 to make crushed material C12 by crushing the raw material C11 consisting of palm empty fruit bunches, and the pressing device C30 to make compressed material C19 and the compressed material C19 by cleaning the crushed material C12 By doing this, the causative agent of the scale contained in the pressed product C19 is reduced, and the washing apparatus C22 for producing the washed product C13, the drying apparatus C24 for reducing the moisture content of the washed product C13 to produce the dried product C14, and drying After the moisture content is reduced by the device C24, the moisture content is further reduced by carbonizing the dried product C4. The carbonization device 826 to reduce the substances that cause corrosion at the time of using the boiler such as chlorine and sulfur contained in the dry matter C4 to make the carbide C17 with an increased amount of heat per unit weight, and the carbide C17 into a fuel shape A pelletizer C28 for granulating and forming fuel pellets C1, and a measuring / mixing device C29 for measuring the heat quantity and brittleness of the fuel pellets C1 and mixing the fuel pellets C1 so that the product quality is constant ing. In addition, you may abbreviate | omit the measurement itself by measurement / mixing apparatus C29.

The details of the biomass fueling system C2 will be described in the method for producing biomass bunch-derived fuel pellets C3, which will be described later.
(The tenth method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets C3)

  As shown in FIG. 15C, the tenth method for producing a palm empty fruit bunch-derived fuel pellet according to the present invention includes sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur and glass contained in the raw material C11. Shredding process C31 made into crushed material C12 by crushing raw material C11 so as to promote elution of the substance causing scale etc., squeezing process C40 made into pressed object C19 by squeezing crushed material C12 By washing the press C19, the causative agent of the scale contained in the press C19 is reduced, and the water content of the wash C13 is reduced to be the dry C14. After the moisture content is reduced by the drying step C34 and the drying step C34, the moisture content is further reduced by carbonizing the dried product C14. Together with the carbonization process C36 to reduce the amount of substances that cause corrosion during boiler use such as chlorine and sulfur contained in the dry matter C14 to increase the amount of heat per unit weight, and the carbide C17 as fuel A pelletizing process C38 for granulating the fuel pellet C1 into fuel pellets C1 and measuring the heat quantity and brittleness of the fuel pellets C1 and mixing the fuel pellets C1 so that the quality of the product becomes constant C39 It consists of By crushing the raw material in the crushing process C31 and supplying it to the squeezing process C39, the squeezing process can be easily performed by the squeezing device C30 in the squeezing process C39, and the efficiency is increased.

In the tenth manufacturing method C3, the pressing step C40, the washing step C32, the drying step C34, the carbonization step C36, the granulation step C38, and the measurement and mixing step C39 are respectively the same as the eighth method 83 for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets In the crushing step C31, the raw material C11 is crushed by the crushing device C21 so as to be a size suitable for processing by the pressing device C30. The crushed material C19 generated in the crushing step C31 is supplied to the pressing step C40. The crushing apparatus C21 is the same as the crushing apparatus 121 of the biomass fueling system 12 according to the first embodiment.
(Biomass fueling system D2 according to the eleventh embodiment)

  As shown in FIG. 14D, the biomass fueling system D2 promotes the elution of scale-causing substances such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, and glass contained in the raw material D11. Thus, a crushing device D21 for crushing the raw material D11 consisting of palm empty fruit bunches and crushing fibers to make a crushing material D12, and a squeezing device D30 for forming a compression product D19 by squeezing the crushing material D12, By washing the pressed product D19, the causative agent of the scale contained in the pressed product D19 is reduced, and the water content of the washing product D13 is reduced to be the dried product D14. Granules D16 are obtained by granulating the dried product D4 in the form of fuel after the water content is reduced by the apparatus D24 and the drying apparatus D24. By carbonizing the granulating apparatus D28 and the granulated product D16, the water content is further reduced and, at the same time, the substances contained in the granulated product D16, such as chlorine and sulfur, which cause corrosion during boiler use are reduced. And measure the heat quantity and brittleness of the fuel pellet D1 and carbonize the fuel pellet D1 to increase the heat quantity per unit weight, and mix the fuel pellet D1 so that the product quality becomes constant. And a mixing device D29. The measurement itself by the measurement / mixing device D29 may be omitted.

The details of the biomass fueling system D2 will be described in the method for producing biomass bunch-derived fuel pellets D3 described later.
(The eleventh method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets D3)

  The flowchart which shows the flow of the 11th manufacturing method of the palm empty fruit bunch origin fuel pellet which concerns on this invention is shown to FIG. 15D.

The eleventh method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 15D, from the crushing step D31 to the drying step D34 is drying from the crushing step C31 in the tenth method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets C3. It is the same as step C34. The eleventh manufacturing method D3 differs from the tenth manufacturing method C3 in that the granulation step D36 is performed after the drying step D34, and then the carbonization step D38 is performed. The measurement and mixing process D39 corresponds to the measurement and mixing process C39.
(Biomass fueling system E2 according to the twelfth embodiment)

  As shown to FIG. 16E, the biomass fueling system E2 is the heating apparatus E30A made into the heating material E11a which is easy to process by heating the raw material E11 which consists of a stem and leaf of a palm coconut, and sodium, potassium contained in the raw material E11 Squeeze machine which makes pressed object E19 by pressing raw material E11 which consists of leaves and leaves of palm coconut to promote elution of scale causing substances such as phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, glass etc. By washing E30 and press E19, the causative agent of the scale contained in the press E19 is reduced, and the water content of the wash E13 and the wash E13 to be the wash E13 is reduced to dry the dry E14. After the water content is reduced by the drying device E24 and the drying device E24, the dried material E14 is carbonized. Further, the carbon content is reduced to further reduce the water content and to reduce substances contained in the dry matter E14 that cause corrosion during boiler use, such as chlorine and sulfur, to make the carbide E17 an increased amount of heat per unit weight. The pelletizing device E28 which granulates the device E26 and the carbide E17 into the shape of fuel and makes it into the fuel pellet E1, measures the heat quantity and brittleness of the fuel pellet E1, etc., and makes the product quality constant And a measuring and mixing device E29 for mixing the The measurement itself by the measurement / mixing device E29 may be omitted.

The details of the biomass fueling system E2 will be described in a method E3 for producing biomass bunch-derived fuel pellets described later.
(The 12th production method E3 of biomass-derived fuel pellets)

  The twelfth production method E3 of the biomass-derived fuel pellet according to the present invention is, as shown in FIG. 17E, from the washing step E32 to the granulation step E38 in the eighth production method A3 for the biomass-derived fuel pellet shown in FIG. 14A. The steps from the washing step A32 to the granulation step A38 are the same. The twelfth production method E3 has a heating step E40A prior to the pressing step E40, and the raw material E11 is heated in the heating step E40A to make a heated product E11a, and the pressing step E40 squeezes the heating material E11a. (V) It differs from manufacturing method A3. The measurement and mixing step E39 corresponds to the measurement and mixing step A39.

The heating device E30A can use, for example, a steamer, a well-known drier or the like that blows hot air, heats and softens the raw material E11, and facilitates squeezing out water from the raw material E11. The heating of the raw material is performed, for example, by containing the raw material for 10 minutes to 1 hour in a container in which the temperature is maintained at 100 ° C. to 200 ° C.
(Biomass fueling system F2 according to the thirteenth embodiment)

As shown to FIG. 16F, the biomass fueling system F2 is the heating apparatus E30A made into the heating material E11a which is easily processed by heating the raw material F11 which consists of a stem and leaf of a palm coconut, and sodium, potassium, phosphorus contained in the raw material F11 Squeezing machine F30 which squeezes the raw material F11 consisting of the stems and leaves of palm palm to promote the elution of scale-causing substances such as zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur and glass And, by washing the pressed product F19, the causative substance of the scale contained in the pressed product F19 is reduced, and the water content of the washed product F13 is reduced to the dried product F14. After the water content is reduced by the drying device F24 and the drying device F24, the water content is low by the drying device F24. The granulated product F14 is granulated in the form of fuel, and the granulating apparatus F28 to form the granulated product F16 and the granulated product F16 are carbonized to further reduce the water content and to be included in the granulated product F16 To measure the amount of heat, brittleness, etc. of the fuel pellet F1 by reducing the substances that cause corrosion when using the boiler such as chlorine and sulfur, and making the fuel pellet F1 with an increased amount of heat per unit weight And a measuring / mixing device F29 for mixing the fuel pellets F1 so that the product quality is constant. In addition, you may abbreviate | omit the measurement itself by measurement / mixing apparatus F29.
(The 13th Production Method of Biomass Derived Fuel Pellets F3)

  As shown in FIG. 17F, the thirteenth manufacturing method F3 of biomass-derived fuel pellets according to the present invention includes the washing step F32 to the granulation step F38 in the ninth manufacturing method B3 of biomass-derived fuel pellets shown in FIG. 14B. The process is the same as the washing process B32 to the granulation process B38. The thirteenth manufacturing method F3 has a heating step F40A before the squeezing step F40, and the raw material F11 is heated in the heating step F40A to make a heated product F11a, and the pressing step F40 squeezes the heated material E11a. It is different from nine manufacturing method B3. The measurement and mixing process F39 corresponds to the measurement and mixing process B39.

  According to the present invention, in biomass fueling systems A2, B2, C2, D2, E2 and F2 according to eighth to thirteenth embodiments, carbonization devices A26, B26, C26, and C26 for carbonizing raw materials with superheated steam D26, E26, F26 can be replaced with the same one as the carbonization device 226 in the second embodiment. In this case, the eighth to thirteenth production methods A3, B3, C3, D3, E3, and F3 each include a carbonization step of carbonizing the raw material in a high temperature oil.

In the biomass fueling systems A2, C2 and E2 according to the eighth embodiment, the tenth embodiment and the twelfth embodiment, the drying devices A24, C24 and E24, and the carbonizing devices A26, C26 and E26 In the biomass fueling system 32 according to the embodiment, the drying device 334, the secondary crushing device 335, and the carbonizing device 336 can be replaced. In this case, the method for producing a biomass-derived fuel pellet includes a secondary crushing step of crushing the dried material to a size suitable for granulation with a secondary crushing device and then carbonizing between the drying step and the carbonizing step It becomes.
Furthermore, in biomass fueling systems A2, C2, E2 according to the eighth embodiment, the tenth embodiment, the twelfth embodiment, the carbonizing devices A26, C26, E26, and the granulating devices A28, C28, E28, In the biomass fueling system 42 according to the four embodiments, the carbonization device 426, the secondary crushing device 427, and the granulating device 428 can be replaced. In this case, the method for producing the biomass-derived fuel pellet includes a secondary crushing step of crushing the carbide into a size suitable for granulation by the secondary crushing device between the carbonization step and the granulation step.

  In the biomass fueling systems B2, D2, and F2 according to the ninth embodiment, the eleventh embodiment, and the thirteenth embodiment, the drying devices B24, D24, and F24, and the granulation devices B28, D28, and F28 are selected. In the biomass fueling system 72 according to the seventh embodiment, the drying device 734, the secondary crushing device 735, and the carbonization device 736 can be replaced. In this case, the method of producing the biomass-derived fuel pellet includes a secondary crushing step of crushing the dried material to a size suitable for granulation by the secondary crushing device between the drying step and the granulation step.

  A biomass-derived fuel pellet, a biomass fueling system, and a method of producing a biomass-derived fuel pellet according to the present invention fuel empty palm bunches that have been treated as waste in a palm product manufacturing plant or the like Applicable to applications.

11: biomass-derived fuel pellet 111: raw material, 112: crushed material, 113: washed material, 114: dried material 12: biomass fueling system 121: crushing device: 1211: crushing machine, 1211 A: insertion port, 1211 B: crushing chamber, 1211 C: pusher, 1211 D: rotor, 1211 E: rotary blade, 1211 F: fixed blade, 1211 G: screen, 1211 H: outlet, 1212: grinding machine, 1212 A: inlet, 1212 B: housing, 1212 C: rotor, 1212 D: outlet 122 ... Cleaning device: 1221 ... Cleaning tank, 1221 A ... Input port, 1221 B ... Cleaning chamber, 1221 C ... Stirrer, 1221 D ... Heating mechanism, 1221 E ... Discharge port 124 ... Drying device: 1241 ... Drying machine, 1241 A ... Raw material inlet, 1241 B ... Rotating shell, 1241 C ... Main pipe, 241D: hot air blowing pipe, 1241 E: heat source mechanism, 1241 F: combustion fan, 1241 G: suction fan, 1241 H ... dust collector, 1241 I ... exhaust fan, 1241 J ... dried product outlet 126 ... carbonization device: 1261 ... carbonization system, 1261 A ... steam Boiler, 1261 B ... superheated steam generator, 1261 C ... carbonization furnace, 1261 D ... cyclone, 1261 E ... heat exchanger, 1261 F ... cooling tower, 1261 G ... scrubber 128 ... granulation apparatus: 1281 ... ring die type granulator, 1281 A ... input Mouth, 1281 B: Pushing device, 1281 C: Ring die, 1281 D: Press roll, 1281 E: Cutter, 1281 F: Discharge port 129: Measurement / mixing device 13: First production method of biomass-derived fuel pellet 131: Crushing step, 132: Cleaning Process, 134 ... dry Process 136 carbonization process 138 granulation process 139 measurement and mixing process 22 biomass fueling system 226 fry apparatus 2261 fryer 2261 A oil tank 2261 B heating machine 228 granulation apparatus 23 Second production method of biomass-derived fuel pellets 236: carbonization step 238: granulation step 32: biomass fueling system 321: primary crushing device, 325: secondary crushing device, 326: carbonizing device 33: biomass-derived fuel pellet third Three manufacturing methods 331: primary crushing process, 335: secondary crushing process, 336: torection process 42: biomass fueling system 421: primary crushing device, 426: carbonizing device, 427: secondary crushing device 43: biomass-derived fuel pellet Fourth manufacturing method 431 ... primary crushing process, 436 ... toruction process, 4 37 Secondary crushing step 51 Biomass-derived fuel pellet 52 Biomass fueling system 521 Crushing device 522 Cleaning device 524 Drying device 526 Carbonization device 528 Granulating device 529 Measurement / mixing device 53: fifth production method of biomass-derived fuel pellet 531: crushing step, 532: washing step, 534: drying step, 538: granulation step, 536: carbonization step, 539: measurement and mixing step 62, biomass fueling system 621 ... crushing apparatus, 622 ... cleaning apparatus, 624 ... drying apparatus, 628 ... granulation apparatus, 626 ... carbonization apparatus, 629 ... measurement / mixing apparatus 63 ... sixth manufacturing method of biomass-derived fuel pellets 631 ... crushing process, 632 ... cleaning Process 634 ... drying process 638 ... granulation process 636 ... carbonization process 639 ... measurement and mixing process 72 ... biomass Feeding system 721 ... primary crushing device, 722 ... cleaning device, 724 ... drying device, 725 ... secondary crushing device, 728 ... granulation device, 726 ... carbonization device, 729 ... measurement and mixing device 73 ... biomass-derived fuel pellet Seventh manufacturing method 731 ... primary crushing process, 732 ... washing process, 734 ... drying process, 735 ... secondary crushing process, 738 ... granulation process, 736 ... carbonization process, 739 ... measurement and mixing process A2 ... biomass fueling system A30 ... squeezing device, A 22 ... cleaning device, A 24 ... drying device, A 26 ... carbonization device, A 28 ... granulation device, A 29 ... measurement / mixing device, A 29 ... measurement / mixing device A 3 ... eighth method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets A40 ... squeezing process, A 32 ... cleaning process, A 34 ... drying process, A 36 ... carbonization process, A 38 ... granulation process, A 39 ... measurement / mixing process B 2 ... Iomus fueling system B30 ... squeezing device, B22 ... cleaning device, B24 ... drying device, B28 ... granulation device, B26 ... carbonization device, B29 ... measurement / mixing device, B29 ... measurement / mixing device B3 ... biomass-derived fuel pellet Ninth manufacturing method B40: pressing step B32: washing step B34: drying step B38: granulation step B36: carbonization step B39: measurement and mixing step C2: biomass fueling system C21: crushing device, C30: pressing Device: C22: Cleaning device, C24: Drying device, C26: Carbonization device, C28: Granulation device, C29: Measurement / mixing device, C29 ... Measurement / mixing device C3: Tenth manufacturing method of biomass-derived fuel pellet C31: Crushing Process C40 squeezing process C32 washing process C34 drying process C36 carbonization process C38 granulation process C39 measurement・ Mixing step D2 ... Biomass fueling system D21 ... Crushing device, D30 ... squeezing device, D22 ... Cleaning device, D24 ... Drying device, D28 ... Granulating device, D26 ... Carbonization device, D29 ... Measurement / mixing device, D29 ... Measurement · Mixing device D3 ... 11th manufacturing method of biomass-derived fuel pellet ... crushing process D40 ... squeezing process D32 ... cleaning process D34 ... drying process D38 ... granulation process D36 ... carbonization process D39 ... measurement · Mixing step E2 Biomass fueling system E30A Heating device E30 Squeezing device E22 Cleaning device E24 Drying device E28 Granulating device E26 Carbonizing device E29 Measurement / mixing device E29 Measurement Mixing device E3 ... twelfth method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets E40A ... heating step, E40 ... squeezing step, E32 ... cleaning step, E3 ... Drying step, E 36 ... Carbonization step, E 38 ... Granulation step, E 39 ... Measurement / mixing step F 2 ... Biomass fueling system F 30 A ... Crushing device, F 30 ... Squeezing device, F 22 ... Cleaning device, F 24 ... Drying device, F 28 ... Structure Grain device, F26: Carbonization device, F29: Measurement and mixing device, F29: Measurement and mixing device F3: Thirteenth manufacturing method of biomass-derived fuel pellet F40A: Heating step, F40: Squeezing step, F32: Cleaning step, F34 ... Drying process, F38: granulation process, F36: carbonization process, F39: measurement and mixing process

Claims (15)

  Fuel pellets with reduced content of biomass-causing substances and / or corrosion-causing substances from the use of boilers. A fuel pellet according to claim 1, wherein
The said biomass is a fuel pellet whose calorific value is 20 MJ / kg or more. A fuel pellet according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein
The fuel pellet whose biomass is a palm empty fruit bunch. The fuel pellet according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein
The material causing the scale is at least one of sodium and potassium, and the material causing the corrosion is at least chlorine. The fuel pellet according to claim 4, wherein
The sodium content is 0 mg / kg or more and 2000 mg / kg or less, the potassium content is 0 mg / kg or more and 2000 mg / kg or less, and the chlorine content is 0 mg / kg or more and 1000 mg / kg Fuel pellets that are less. The fuel pellet according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein
Fuel pellets having a water content of 0% or more and 10% or less. The fuel pellet according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein
By washing the crushed raw material with normal temperature water or warm water, the content of the substance causing the scale in the raw material is reduced, and the water content of the raw material in which the content of the substance causing the scale is reduced The raw material with reduced water content is further crushed, and the crushed raw material is granulated in the shape of a fuel, and then carbonized to produce a mixture of biomass and other fuels, for all the fuels used. Fuel pellets with improved co-firing rate, which is the ratio of biomass to calories. A crushing device for crushing the raw material made of biomass so as to promote elution of a substance causing scale in the raw material;
A cleaning device for reducing the content of the substance causing the scale in the raw material by washing the raw material crushed by the crushing device with normal temperature water or warm water;
A drying device for reducing the water content of the raw material in which the content of the substance causing the scale is reduced by the cleaning device;
A carbonization apparatus which reduces the content of a substance causing corrosion in the raw material having a reduced water content by the drying device, further reduces the water content, and carbonizes the raw material, or contains the water by the drying device A granulating device for granulating the reduced raw material into a fuel shape,
A granulation apparatus for granulating the raw material processed by the carbonizing apparatus into a fuel shape, or the content of a substance causing corrosion in the raw material granulated by the granulating apparatus, to reduce the water content Further reducing the carbon content and carbonizing the raw material,
Biomass fueling system equipped with The biomass fueling system according to claim 8, wherein
The biomass carbonization system, wherein the carbonization apparatus is a carbonization apparatus for heating the raw material in steam and semi-carbonizing or a frying apparatus for heating and carbonizing the raw material in oil. The palm empty fruit bunch fueling system according to claim 8, wherein
The said carbonization apparatus is a fry apparatus which heats and carbonizes a raw material in oil, and the palm empty fruit bunch fueling system. The biomass fueling system according to claim 8, wherein
The carbonizing apparatus comprises a half-carbonizing apparatus for heating and semi-carbonizing the raw material, and a frying apparatus for heating and carbonizing the raw material,
The biomass fueling system provided with the mixing apparatus which mixes the raw material carbonized by the said half carbonization apparatus and the said frying apparatus. A crushing step of crushing the raw material consisting of biomass so as to promote elution of a substance causing scale in the raw material;
A cleaning step of reducing the content of the substance causing the scale in the raw material by washing the raw material crushed in the crushing step with normal temperature water or warm water;
A drying step of reducing the water content of the raw material in which the content of the substance causing the scale is reduced in the cleaning step;
The content of the substance that causes corrosion in the raw material whose water content rate is reduced by the drying step is reduced, the water content rate is further reduced, and the water-containing step is performed by the carbonization step of carbonizing the raw material Granulating step of granulating the reduced raw material into fuel shape;
The content of substances causing corrosion in the granulation process for granulating the raw material treated in the carbonization process into the shape of fuel, or the raw material granulated in the granulation process is reduced, and the water content rate Further reducing the carbon content and carbonizing the raw material;
A method of producing biomass-derived fuel pellets comprising The method for producing a biomass-derived fuel pellet according to claim 12.
The said carbonization process is a manufacturing method of the biomass origin fuel pellet which is the half carbonization process which heats a raw material in steam and it is made to carbonize semi. The method for producing a biomass-derived fuel pellet according to claim 12.
The method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets, wherein the carbonizing step is a frying step of heating and carbonizing the raw material in oil. The method for producing a biomass-derived fuel pellet according to claim 12.
The carbonizing step comprises a half-carbonizing step of heating the raw material in steam and half-carbonizing it, and a frying step of heating the raw material in oil and carbonizing it,
The manufacturing method of the biomass origin fuel pellet including the mixing process which mixes the raw material carbonized by the said half carbonization process and the said frying process.

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