JPWO2017099241A1 - Tactile presentation system, tactile presentation method, and tactile presentation program - Google Patents

Abstract

A tactile sensation presentation system that expands or transmits a tactile sensation when a user touches an object with a finger to a third party, and is a skin vibration provided between a first joint and a third joint of a user's finger or on a nail Sensor, transducer that converts the vibration signal read by the skin vibration sensor for expansion or transmission, and the same finger provided with the user's skin vibration sensor or a hand arm other than the finger or a third party And a vibrator that presents a tactile stimulus based on the vibration signal converted by the converter.

Description

  The present invention relates to a tactile presentation system, a tactile presentation method, and a tactile presentation program.

  Conventionally, a tactile sensation presentation device that detects a tactile sensation of an object and presents a tactile sensation to a user has been developed. In information communication technology, the interface using vision and hearing is ahead of the other five senses, but it is expected that more intuitive operation will be possible by using tactile sensation.

  For example, Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a tactile contact lens that amplifies minute irregularities that are difficult for humans to perceive by tracing the surface of an object with a finger through an irregular sheet.

  Non-Patent Document 2 discloses a tactile sense presentation system in which a tactile sensation of an organ is presented to a hand in real time through forceps during endoscopic surgery by attaching a sensor to the tip of the forceps.

R. Kikuuwe, A.K. Sano, H.M. Mochiyama, N .; Takesue, H.C. Fujimoto, “Enhancing Haptic Detection of Surface Undulation”, ACM Trans. on Applied Perception (TAP), Vol. 2 1: 46-67, 2005. Tanaka, Yoshihiro, et al. “Lump detection with tactile sensing system inclusion haptic bidirection”, World Automation Congress (WAC), 2014. IEEE, 2014.

  However, the conventional tactile sensation presentation device needs to contact an object via a sheet or forceps, and cannot directly touch the object with a finger, which obstructs natural finger gripping and operation. Had.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and a tactile presentation system, a tactile presentation method, and a tactile presentation capable of expanding or transmitting a tactile sensation while a user directly touches an object. A program is provided.

  In order to achieve such an object, the tactile presentation system of the present invention is a tactile presentation system that extends or transmits a tactile sensation when a user touches an object with a finger to a third party. A skin vibration sensor provided between a first joint to a third joint of a finger or on a nail; a converter for converting the vibration signal read by the skin vibration sensor for the expansion or the transmission; It is provided with at least a vibrator that is provided in a user's arm other than the finger of the user or the third party and presents a tactile stimulus based on the vibration signal converted by the converter.

  The tactile presentation system of the present invention is a tactile presentation system that expands the tactile sensation when a user touches an object with a finger, between the first joint and the third joint of the finger of the user or a nail. A skin vibration sensor provided on the skin, a converter for converting the vibration signal read by the skin vibration sensor for the expansion or the transmission, and provided on the finger of the user, by the converter And a vibrator for presenting a tactile stimulus based on the converted vibration signal.

  Further, the tactile presentation system of the present invention is the above-described tactile presentation system, wherein the skin vibration sensor vibrates the vibration by a piezoelectric effect by wrapping a polyvinylidene fluoride film around a finger pad between the first joint and the third joint. It is a sensor that obtains a signal.

  The tactile sensation presentation system of the present invention is characterized in that, in the tactile sensation presentation system, the vibrator presents the tactile stimulus on a fingertip side of a wrist joint to which the user's finger belongs.

  The haptic presentation system of the present invention is characterized in that, in the haptic presentation system, the converter amplifies, modulates, and / or subtracts a vibration propagation characteristic of the finger from the vibration signal.

  The tactile presentation system of the present invention is characterized in that, in the tactile presentation system, the skin vibration sensor is a contact microphone provided on the nail of the user.

  In the haptic presentation system according to the present invention, the vibrator is a voice coil type vibrator, a piezo element, or a vibration motor.

  The tactile presentation method of the present invention is executed in a tactile presentation system including at least a skin sensor, a transducer, and a vibrator in order to extend or transmit a tactile sensation when a user touches an object with a finger to a third party. In the tactile sensation presentation method, a reading step of acquiring a vibration signal in the skin vibration sensor provided between the first joint of the finger of the user and the third joint or on the nail, and in the converter A conversion step for converting the vibration signal read by the skin vibration sensor for the expansion or the transmission; and the user's finger, a hand other than the finger, or the third party. The vibrator includes a presentation step of presenting a tactile stimulus based on the vibration signal converted by the converter.

  The tactile presentation program of the present invention is executed on a tactile presentation system including at least a skin sensor, a transducer, and a vibrator in order to extend or transmit a tactile sensation when a user touches an object with a finger to a third party. A tactile sensation presentation program for obtaining a vibration signal in the skin vibration sensor provided between the first joint and the third joint of the user's finger or on the nail, and the converter A conversion step of converting the vibration signal read by the skin vibration sensor for the expansion or the transmission, and provided to the user's finger, a hand other than the finger, or the third party. And a presentation step of presenting a tactile stimulus based on the vibration signal converted by the converter.

  According to the present invention, there is an effect that the tactile sensation can be expanded or transmitted to a third party while directly touching the object. More specifically, since the skin vibration sensor is provided between the first joint and the third joint or on the nail without attaching a device to the finger pad portion up to the first joint, the user can directly grip the object. There is no hindrance to operation. Therefore, the user can extend the sense or transmit it to a third party while operating the object with his / her finger.

  For example, according to the present invention in which the tactile sensation is expanded without wearing anything on the fingertip, the human tactile ability can be expanded as an augmented reality so as to expand the visual acuity with glasses. In addition, according to the present invention in which a tactile sensation touching a target with a raw finger is transmitted to a third party, the tactile sensation of one person can be transmitted to the other person, which is useful for telecommunication and the like. Also, unlike sensing a fingertip on a touch panel such as a smartphone and presenting tactile feedback to the same fingertip, the present invention directly detects a fingertip that grips or manipulates an object for sensing or presentation. There is an effect that there is no hindrance.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a tactile sense presentation system according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an arrangement of each unit when the tactile sense is expanded in the same person. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the skin vibration sensor 112 using a PVDF film. FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a skin vibration propagation model from the fingertip to the sensor mounting portion. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a model in which electric charges are generated by the force F applied with PVDF. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a data flow in the tactile sense presentation system in which the equalizer 102b performs anonymization. FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a haptic expansion process in the haptic presentation system according to the present embodiment. FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a tactile transmission process in the tactile presentation system of the present embodiment. FIG. 9 is a graph showing experimental results for six subjects. FIG. 10 is a graph showing experimental results of subjective evaluation based on the presence or absence of a tactile extension system.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of a tactile sense presentation system, a tactile sense presentation method, a tactile sense presentation program, and a recording medium according to the present embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. For example, the contents described as the tactile extension to the same person may be used for tactile transmission to another person, and the contents described as the tactile transmission to another person may be used for the tactile extension to the same person. Is.

  Hereinafter, the configuration of the present embodiment according to the present invention will be described first, and then the processing and the like of the present embodiment will be described in detail. Here, FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the tactile sensation presentation system according to the embodiment of the present invention, and conceptually shows only the portion related to the present invention in the configuration.

[Configuration of tactile presentation system]
As shown in FIG. 1, the tactile sense presentation system according to the present embodiment is configured by connecting a skin vibration sensor 112, a converter 102, and a vibration actuator 114 by wire or wirelessly. Note that, when tactile input / output is not performed in real time, each unit may be configured to be temporarily communicably connected via an arbitrary communication path. For example, a recording medium such as a USB memory may be configured so that each unit can temporarily transmit and receive tactile signal data. Here, FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an arrangement of each unit when the tactile sense is expanded in the same person.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the skin vibration sensor 112 is installed between the first joint to the third joint of the finger, and is disposed avoiding the fingertip that is in direct contact with the object. In this example, the converter 102 and the vibration actuator 114 are housed in the same casing of the wristwatch-type wearable terminal, and are configured so that vibration signals (changes in potential, etc.) generated by the skin vibration sensor 112 can be acquired by wire. Has been. In this mounting example, the vibration actuator 114 is arranged closer to the fingertip side than the wrist joint of the hand to which the finger that directly contacts the object belongs, so that the sense of the fingertip is enhanced. This is presumably because the wrist joint easily absorbs the transmission of vibration, and therefore the vibration of the vibration actuator 114 is transmitted to the fingertip side on the peripheral side rather than the central side of the wrist joint. Alternatively, it is considered that the tactile sensation between the finger and the palm is assigned to a region closer to the brain map than the arm. In the illustrated example, the vibration actuator 114 is disposed on the back side of the hand, but is not limited thereto, and may be disposed on the inner side (palm side) of the hand.

  Among these tactile sense presentation system configurations, the skin vibration sensor 112 is a vibration sensor that acquires a vibration signal transmitted through the skin of a finger. For example, the skin vibration sensor 112 may be a contact microphone attached to a fingernail that contacts an object. By attaching a contact microphone such as an electret condenser to the nail, vibration at the time of object contact can be detected while preventing air vibration (sound) signals from being congested.

  In another embodiment, the skin vibration sensor 112 wraps a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film around the finger pad between the first joint and the third joint, thereby generating a vibration signal by the piezoelectric effect. It may be a sensor to obtain. The skin vibration sensor 112 wound with the PVDF film can detect skin vibration propagating from the fingertip at the middle node without directly interfering with the fingertip or the target object. Here, FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the skin vibration sensor 112 using a PVDF film (upper view: palm side photograph, lower view: back side photograph).

  As shown in FIG. 3, in this example, the sensor has a belt shape, and a PVDF film is wound around the first joint and the second joint. A PVDF film is a kind of polymer piezoelectric material, and an output voltage is obtained by bending deformation of the PVDF film. Therefore, the vibration of the skin is captured by being attached to the skin, does not react to the movement of the entire finger, and the vibration transmitted through the skin can be measured even during a fast tactile movement such as a tracing movement.

  Here, a model of skin vibration sensor 112 will be described in order to reproduce tactile stimulation. If the transfer function F (s) from the vibration input to the fingertip to the sensor output is known as a model of the skin vibration sensor 112, the vibration signal acquired by the sensor is reproduced by the vibration actuator 114 including the vibrator. Can be used for the extension and transmission of tactile sensation in the converter 102 described later. Here, FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a skin vibration propagation model from the fingertip to the sensor mounting portion.

As shown in FIG. 4, a model composed of mass (m), spring (k), and damper (c) can be considered for skin vibration propagation from the fingertip to the sensor mounting portion. A transfer function G (s) representing skin vibration propagation from the fingertip to the sensor mounting portion can be expressed by the following equation. Here, s is a Laplace operator, and a is a coefficient smaller than 1.

PVDF films are very thin and generate large charges when bent. Here, FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a model in which electric charges are generated by the force F applied with PVDF. As shown in FIG. 5, although the PVDF film is wound around the finger, its thickness is sufficiently thin with respect to the finger, and the relationship between the skin and the PVDF film is assumed to be a simple beam bending problem as a condition for supporting both ends. A skin vibration propagation function may be constructed. Measured from the transfer function G (s) representing the skin vibration propagation from the fingertip to the sensor mounting part, the transfer function P (s) from the skin vibration to the charge generated in the PVDF film, obtained from the above assumption, and the generated charge. The transfer function F (s) from the final fingertip to the sensor output can be obtained by multiplying the three transfer functions H (s) up to the applied voltage (for details, see “Yoshihiro Tanaka et al.“ PVDF Modeling Wearable Skin Vibration Sensor Using Film ”No. 15-2 Proceedings of the 2015 JSME Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics, Kyoto, Japan, May 17-19, 2015 2A2-X06”. Here, d ₃₁ is a piezoelectric constant, and t, b, and l are the thickness, width, and length of the film. R is the resistance of the PVDF film measuring instrument, and C is the capacitance.

  As an example, by applying the above-described skin vibration propagation function to the transducer 102 described later, it is possible to reproduce from vibration input to the fingertip to the sensor output from the sensor measurement value (a model application example will be described later). . In mounting the PVDF film, the following non-patent documents may be referred to. “Y. Tanaka et al.,“ Wearable Skin Vibration Sensor Using a PVDF Film, ”In World Haptics Conference, pp. 146-151, 2015.”

  Returning to FIG. 1 again, in the structure of the tactile presentation system, the converter 102 is a means for converting the vibration signal read by the skin vibration sensor 112 for expansion or transmission. As an example, the transducer 102 may amplify, modulate, and / or subtract vibration propagation characteristics of the finger from the vibration signal read by the skin vibration sensor 112. By multiplying the inverse of the skin vibration propagation function of the typical or average human finger and subtracting the vibration propagation characteristics of the finger, the vibration generated in the skin is close to the vibration when the object is actually touched. , The effect of improving the sense of reality is obtained. Here, in the present embodiment, “expansion” means that information read by the skin vibration sensor 112 of the user A's finger is fed back to the hand and / or arm of the same person A. In the present embodiment, “expansion” includes feeding back information read by skin vibration sensor 112 of user A's finger to the same finger of the same person. In the present embodiment, “transmission” means that information read by the skin vibration sensor 112 of the finger of the user A is output to the hand and / or arm of another person B, so that Telling B to send tactile information. Regarding the enhancement or processing, the tactile transmission method described in the following non-patent literature may be used (K. Minamizawa et al. “TECHTILE toolkit: a prototyping tool for designing haptic media,” ACM SIGEGRAPH20G12. .).

  Here, the converter 102 may perform anonymization by subtracting the vibration propagation characteristics of the finger of the user A wearing the skin vibration sensor 112. In the present embodiment, “anonymization” refers to the extraction of unmanned tactile information that can be transmitted to any person by subtracting the vibration propagation characteristics of the finger of user A wearing skin vibration sensor 112. That means. That is, the vibration detected from the finger of the user A has the characteristics of the person's finger (ie, “vibration propagation characteristics”) such as the length and softness of the finger, and the first-person tactile information of the user A It has become. Therefore, a known vibration is applied to the fingertip of the user A, and the vibration propagation characteristic from the fingertip of the user A to the middle finger of the user A is measured by comparing with the measurement data of the skin vibration sensor 112 of the middle finger of A. The generalized haptic information that can be transmitted to any person can be extracted by calculating the propagation characteristic from any sensor information (a detailed example will be described later).

  Here, as shown in FIG. 1, the converter 102 may further include a preamplifier 102a, an equalizer 102b, and / or a vibrator amplifier 102c.

  Among these, the preamplifier 102a is a preamplifier that amplifies an electrical signal that is a vibration signal from the skin vibration sensor 112. For example, when the skin vibration sensor 112 is composed of the above-described PVDF film, a voltage is generated due to the piezoelectric effect and a power supply is unnecessary, but the voltage signal to be output may be weak. Thus, when the vibration signal from the skin vibration sensor 112 is weak, the preamplifier 102a may amplify the vibration signal to a level that can be handled as a conversion input.

  The equalizer 102b is a correction circuit that optimizes the frequency characteristics of the vibration signal from the skin vibration sensor 112 according to the purpose of expansion or transmission. As an example, the equalizer 102b may be a band-pass filter that passes a vibration signal in a specific frequency band, or may be a frequency filter that enhances or modulates the vibration signal. For example, the equalizer 102b may be a filter that passes only a frequency band that can be perceived by a human sense of touch. The equalizer 102b or the converter 102 may have an effector function that modifies the vibration signal, may have a delay function that delays the vibration signal, and has a pitch shift function that changes the pitch of the vibration signal. Alternatively, tactile amplification may be caused by adding white noise to the vibration signal.

  Here, the equalizer 102b may perform anonymization by subtracting the vibration propagation characteristics of the user by multiplying the vibration signal by the inverse function of the skin transfer function. The vibration generated in each person's skin with respect to the input vibration has individual differences, and even in the same person, a difference occurs in the vibration by changing the state of the finger such as the pressing force of the finger. If a constant is obtained using the above-described skin vibration propagation function and multiplied by the inverse function, an anonymized vibration signal that does not depend on individual differences or finger states can be obtained. Here, FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating, as an example, a data flow in the tactile sense presenting system in which the equalizer 102b performs anonymization.

  As shown in FIG. 6, let g be a transfer function on the transmitting side that transmits vibration, f be a transfer function on the receiving side that receives vibration, and x be an input stimulus. At this time, it is assumed that the tactile sensation obtained by each is based on g (x) and f (x). By using the skin vibration sensor 112, g (x) can be acquired. Here, it is assumed that the skin transfer function f has already been obtained by using the skin vibration sensor 112. At this time, the skin propagation vibration of the receiver is set to g (x), that is, the skin propagation vibration of the user on the transmission side is made the same as the mechanical stimulus of the receiver on the reception side, and the tactile sharing method is as follows. Explained.

First, the equalizer 102b applies a vibration signal f ⁻¹ (g (x)) obtained by multiplying the vibration signal g (x) read by the skin vibration sensor 112 by the inverse function f ⁻¹ of the transfer function f of the person receiving the vibration. ) To the recipient. Then, the vibration actuator 114 on the reception side outputs the received vibration signal f ⁻¹ (g (x)). The skin propagation vibration generated in the receiver has a transfer function f unique to the receiver for the input stimulus. This cancels out the transfer functions f and f ⁻¹ of the recipient and produces g (x) on the recipient's skin. In this way, by using the transfer function of each person's skin, the vibration generated on the skin can be made the same, and tactile sensation can be shared. In this example, the transmission-side converter 102 transmits the product by multiplying the inverse function f ⁻¹ of the receiver's transfer function f. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the transmission-side converter 102 transmits the vibration signal g. (X) is transmitted, and in the converter 102 on the receiving side, an inverse function f ⁻¹ of its own (receiver) transfer function f is applied to the received vibration signal g (x) before tactile stimulus output. Multiplication is also good.

  Returning to FIG. 1 again, the vibrator amplifier 102b is an amplifier that amplifies a vibration signal (input signal) corresponding to the vibrator of the vibration actuator 114 to be output. For example, the output of a mechanical stimulus for an electric signal differs depending on the type of vibration actuator 114, such as a voice coil type vibrator, a piezo element, or a vibration motor. Modulation may be performed.

  The characteristics of the converter 102 have been described above. The converter 102 is connected to a communication means for transmitting / receiving signal data (not shown), an input / output means for signal data, a storage section for storing signal data, and a control section for processing other than the conversion of signal data. May be. For example, as a communication unit, the communication control interface unit performs control to communicate between a transmission side terminal including at least the skin vibration sensor 112 and a reception side terminal including at least the vibration actuator 114 by wire or wirelessly. The communication may be communication via a network such as the Internet. That is, the communication control interface unit has a function of communicating signal data with other terminals via a communication line (whether wired or wireless). The input / output control interface unit is connected to a recording medium such as a USB memory and performs control to exchange signal data. The storage unit is storage means such as a fixed disk device, and stores various programs, tables, files, databases, web pages, and the like used for various processes. The control unit has a control program such as an OS (Operating System), a program that defines various processing procedures, and an internal memory for storing required data. Information processing for execution may be performed.

  In FIG. 1, the vibration actuator 114 in the configuration of the tactile sensation presentation system is an actuator including a vibrator that presents a tactile stimulus. Here, the vibration actuator 114 is provided on the same finger provided with the skin vibration sensor 112, a hand and / or arm other than the finger, or a third person's hand and / or arm, and is converted by the converter 102. A tactile stimulus is presented based on the generated vibration signal. When the vibration actuator 114 and the skin vibration sensor 112 are provided on the same finger, the former is installed at the third joint and the latter is installed at the second joint. May be performed. Here, the vibrator of the vibration actuator 114 may be a voice coil vibrator, a piezoelectric element, or a vibration motor. Here, since the vibration actuator 114 and the transducer 102 are configured as a wearable system, as shown in FIG. 2 described above, the vibration actuator 114 and the transducer 102 are configured as a tactile extension band that incorporates a vibrator and presents a processed tactile signal to the hand. May be.

  As an example, a voice coil type vibrator such as Force Reactor AF, L-type manufactured by ALPS may be used as an actuator for reproducing the tactile sensation, and the tactile sensation may be affixed to the site. Note that a tech tile tool kit may be used as the vibration actuator 114. The following non-patent literature may be referred to for details such as the frequency response characteristics of the Techtile toolkit (Masashi Nakatani et al. “Methodology for general dissemination of tactile expression and its practice through the Techtile Workshop” Japan Journal of Virtual Reality Society 19 (4), pp. 593-603, 2014-12-31).

  Above, description of each structure of the tactile sense presentation system of this Embodiment is finished.

[Tactile presentation system processing]
Next, an example of processing of the tactile sensation presentation system according to the present embodiment configured as described above will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS.

(Tactile extension processing)
FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a haptic expansion process in the haptic presentation system according to the present embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 7, first, the skin vibration sensor 112 of the present tactile sense presentation system detects the vibration transmitted through the skin of the user's finger and acquires a vibration signal (step SA-1).

  The tactile sense presentation system transmits the vibration signal generated by the skin vibration sensor 112 to the converter 102 via a wired or wireless communication path (step SA-2).

  Then, the converter 102 of the present tactile sensation presentation system converts the vibration signal for expansion (step SA-3). For example, the converter 102 may amplify the vibration signal to the conversion input level by the preamplifier 102a, pass only the vibration signal in a predetermined frequency band by the equalizer 102b, and perform signal amplification by the vibrator amplifier 102b. .

  Then, the present tactile sense presenting system is based on the vibration signal converted by the converter 102, and the vibration actuator 114 is mounted on the same finger provided with the skin vibration sensor 112 of the same user or on a finger or arm other than the finger. The tactile sense of the user is expanded by presenting a tactile stimulus from (step SA-4). Here, the vibration actuator 114 is arranged closer to the fingertip side than the wrist joint of the hand to which the finger that directly contacts the object belongs, so that the fingertip sensation can be enhanced while directly handling the object.

  The above is an example of the tactile extension process of the present tactile presentation system. Next, an example of the tactile transmission process of the present tactile presentation system will be described below.

(Tactile transmission processing)
FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a tactile transmission process in the tactile presentation system of the present embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 8, first, the skin vibration sensor 112 of the present tactile sensation presentation system detects vibration transmitted through the skin of the user's finger and acquires a vibration signal g (x) (step SB-). 1). In addition, this tactile sense presentation system transmits the vibration signal generated by the skin vibration sensor 112 to the converter 102 via a wired or wireless communication path, as in Step SA-2 described above.

Then, the converter 102 of the present tactile sensation presentation system uses the equalizer 102b to multiply the vibration signal g (x) by the inverse function f ⁻¹ of the recipient's skin transfer function to subtract the vibration propagation characteristics. (Step SB-2). By applying an inverse function, an unmanned vibration signal f ⁻¹ (g (x)) that does not depend on individual differences or finger states can be obtained.

Then, the transmission-side terminal of the present tactile sensation presentation system transmits the vibration signal f ⁻¹ (g (x)) that has been made anonymous by the converter 102 via a wired or wireless transmission path (step SB-3). )

And the receiving side terminal of this tactile sense presentation system receives the transmitted vibration signal f ⁻¹ (g (x)) via a wired or wireless transmission path (step SB-4).

Then, the vibration actuator 114 of the present tactile sensation presentation system presents a tactile stimulus to the recipient based on the received vibration signal f ⁻¹ (g (x)) (step SB-5). Since the receiver's transfer function f is applied to the input stimulus at the receiver, the receiver's transfer functions f and f ^-1 cancel each other, and a tactile stimulus g (x) is generated on the receiver's skin. become. Therefore, the vibration generated on the skin can be made the same between different people, and tactile sensation can be shared.

  The above is description of the process of the tactile sense presentation system of this Embodiment.

[Example 1]
Here, Example 1 regarding the unmannedization of the tactile sense presentation system of the present embodiment will be described below.

  In this embodiment, as shown in each part of the converter 102 in FIG. 1, the amplifier 102a, the equalizer 102b, the vibrator amplifier 102c, and the vibrator 114 that amplify the sensor signal are used. A sensor is directly connected to the input of the sensor amplifier 102a or a recorded sensor signal is input. The equalizer 102b was used to apply an inverse function of the measured transfer function. Although it simply uses a vibrator and does not reproduce skin propagation vibration or tactile sensation with high accuracy, it can be said to be a tactile sensation presentation system capable of relative evaluation. In the experiment, since two types of tactile sensations are presented simultaneously for comparison, another set of equalizer 102b, vibrator amplifier 102c, and vibrator 114 is prepared so that the two vibrations can be compared simultaneously.

(experimental method)
In the present example, the sensor output signal obtained when another person put the skin vibration sensor 112 on the finger in advance and traced the roughness specimen was recorded and used for presentation. In addition, since it is difficult to compare whether the same tactile sensation as the other person is obtained, by comparing the tactile sensation under the condition that the fingertip contact load is different in the same subject, and using the above method, a similar tactile sensation can be obtained even with different contact loads It was evaluated whether it could be obtained.

  First, in order to obtain the transfer function of skin propagation vibration, sweep vibration (5-500 Hz, sine wave, 10 s) was applied to the fingertip, and acceleration of the input vibration and sensor output were measured. Note that the fingertip load conditions were 0.25N and 1N. Each transfer was measured three times for each subject, and the averaged transfer function was used. Here, from the acceleration of the input vibration and the sensor output, a transfer function including the physical and electrical characteristics of the sensor 112 can be measured in addition to the skin propagation vibration, but an inverse function of this transfer function is set in the equalizer 102b. . This is because the sensor output signal for presentation similarly includes the transfer function of the sensor 112. However, according to the model described above in the present embodiment, although there is no qualitative influence, it is considered quantitatively that individual differences are also included in the transfer function of the sensor. However, since it is not a quantitatively accurate reproduction of skin-propagating vibrations, but a transmission that allows relative comparison using a vibrator, it is attempted. In this example, a transfer function measured by ignoring this is used. Used as it is.

  The transfer function was set to p when the load was 0.25N, and q when the load was 1N, and the inverse function was set relative to the equalizer 102b based on the measurement result with a gain of -75 dB as a reference. The subject gives different load conditions on both the left and right sides using both hands, puts them in different transfer functions (p or q), and gives a tactile sense of the sensor output signal of another person, which is multiplied by the inverse transfer function using the equalizer 102b. did.

The combination uses the inverse transfer function of the loaded skin (p · p ⁻¹ and q · q ⁻¹ ), and vice versa (p · q ⁻¹ and q · p ⁻¹ ). The following two conditions were performed. In the present embodiment, the subject answers which hand vibration is greater. Each condition was answered 10 times. Prior to the experiment, the gain of the vibrator amplifier 102c was adjusted in advance so that there was no difference when the same vibration was applied under the same load condition so that there was no difference between left and right. Further, since the measured transfer function is only the index finger, the vibrator 114 is touched with only the index finger with the same posture and load (0.25 N or 1 N), and the vibration is compared.

(Experimental results and discussion)
FIG. 9 is a graph showing experimental results for six subjects. FIG. 9 shows the number of times that each subject answered that the vibration was large under the respective conditions. In FIG. 9A, the vibrations that are said to be large are not biased to one side but are scattered. On the other hand, in FIG. 9B, most subjects answered that q · p ⁻¹ was larger. From the experimental results shown in FIG. 9 (a), it was found that although there are individual differences in the number of responses, there are variations in responses and it is difficult to compare the strengths of left and right vibrations. Therefore, by multiplying the inverse function, it was confirmed that the same degree of vibration was transmitted to the left and right fingers.

  Note that this method does not reproduce the trace or the spatial distribution of the stimulus and does not exactly reproduce the tactile touched by the other party. It is possible to make a relative evaluation, such as by experiencing and comparing with a partner, and is considered to be effective as a tactile transmission.

Here, in FIG. 9B, the answer is biased when q · p ⁻¹ is larger, and it can be said that the result is reasonable from the strength of the transfer function. As this reason, the transfer function used in this experiment, although varies sizes depending on the frequency from the measurement result, overall strength has become a │p│ <│q│, │p│ ^-1 From this > │q│- ¹ Therefore, the vibration of the combination of q · p ⁻¹ is considered to be larger than p · q ⁻¹ . From the above, it was confirmed that this method can change the transfer function of oneself and feel the same degree of tactile sensation, so that it can be converted into the other's skin propagation vibration.

(Summary)
In this example, it was found that by applying the inverse function of the own skin, the own skin propagation vibration can be converted into the partner's skin propagation vibration. Since it is difficult to compare whether the same tactile sensation as that of the other person is obtained, an experiment of tactile transmission using a vibrator was performed using the change of own transfer function by the pressing force of the same subject. Therefore, it is considered that this result can be applied to the conversion to the other party's skin propagation vibration.

[Example 2]
Here, Example 2 relating to the extension of the tactile sense by the tactile sense presenting system according to the present embodiment will be described below.

  In the present example, in the configuration for extending the haptic sense shown in FIG. 2, the subject's subjective evaluation was performed, and an experiment was conducted to determine whether or not the haptic extension was actually caused as a sensation.

  The experiment was performed according to the following procedure. First, the experiment was performed using a constant method, and the subject was made to wear the system shown in FIG. Next, I wore noise-cancelling headphones and blindfolds that were carrying white noise, blocking my vision and hearing.

  Then, sandpaper 120, 150, 180, 240, 320, 400, and 600 were used as comparative stimuli, and 240 were used as standard stimuli. Subjects were asked to answer whether the comparison stimulus was smooth or not with respect to the standard stimulus. The number of examinations was five times from the standard stimulus to the comparative stimulus, five times from the reference stimulus to the standard stimulus, and each comparative stimulus (120-600th) was performed, and a total of 70 trials were performed as one section. A total of 140 trials were performed in two sections with or without a tactile extension system.

  FIG. 10 is a graph showing experimental results of subjective evaluation based on the presence or absence of a tactile extension system. The horizontal axis indicates the roughness (count) of sandpaper, and the vertical axis indicates the probability that the comparative stimulus is smoother.

  That is, the vertical axis approaches 1 as the comparative stimulus responds more smoothly to the standard stimulus (240th). Accordingly, it is shown that the value less than 240th is correct as 0, and the value greater than 240 is 1 as correct.

  Further, in FIG. 10, the vertical line of the experimental result indicates the discrimination threshold, and the left line can be perceived with a probability of 25%, and the right line can be perceived with a probability of 75%. That is, it is shown that the roughness and smoothness can be perceived more finely as the half of the difference (discrimination threshold) obtained from this is smaller.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the discrimination threshold obtained in this experiment was 118 when there was no haptic extension system and 84 when there was a haptic extension system. Therefore, it was confirmed that the tactile sensation extension can be performed because the discrimination threshold is lower in the tactile sensation extension system and the roughness and smoothness can be perceived finely.

  This is the end of the description of this embodiment.

[Other embodiments]
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described so far, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but can be applied to various different embodiments within the scope of the technical idea described in the claims. It may be implemented.

  For example, the tactile sensation presentation system may be configured to be integrated so as to perform processing in a stand-alone form, or may be configured to perform processing according to a request and return the processing result to the terminal.

  In addition, among the processes described in the embodiment, all or part of the processes described as being automatically performed can be performed manually, or the processes described as being performed manually can be performed. All or a part can be automatically performed by a known method.

  In addition, unless otherwise specified, the processing procedures, control procedures, specific names, information including registration data for each processing, parameters such as search conditions, screen examples, and database configurations shown in the above documents and drawings Can be changed arbitrarily.

  In addition, regarding the tactile sense presentation system, each illustrated component is functionally conceptual and does not necessarily need to be physically configured as illustrated.

  For example, the processing functions of each device of the tactile sensation presentation system, especially the processing functions performed by the converter 102, are interpreted and executed by a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and the CPU. It may be realized by a program or hardware based on wired logic. The program is recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium including a programmed instruction for causing a computer to execute the method according to the present invention, which will be described later, and a tactile sensation presentation system as necessary. Read mechanically. That is, in a storage unit such as a ROM or an HDD (Hard Disk Drive), a computer program for giving instructions to the CPU and performing various processes in cooperation with an OS (Operating System) is recorded. This computer program is executed by being loaded into the RAM, and constitutes a control unit in cooperation with the CPU.

  The computer program may be stored in an application program server connected to the tactile presentation system via an arbitrary network, and may be downloaded in whole or in part as necessary. .

  In addition, the program according to the present invention may be stored in a computer-readable recording medium, and may be configured as a program product. Here, the “recording medium” means a memory card, USB memory, SD card, flexible disk, magneto-optical disk, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM, MO, DVD, and Blu-ray (registered trademark). It includes any “portable physical medium” such as Disc.

  The “program” is a data processing method described in an arbitrary language or description method, and may be in any format such as source code or binary code. The “program” is not necessarily limited to a single configuration, but is distributed in the form of a plurality of modules and libraries, or in cooperation with a separate program represented by an OS (Operating System). Including those that achieve the function. Note that a well-known configuration and procedure can be used for a specific configuration for reading a recording medium, a reading procedure, an installation procedure after reading, and the like in each device described in the embodiment. The present invention may be configured as a program product in which a program is recorded on a computer-readable recording medium that is not temporary.

  Various databases and the like stored in the tactile sensation presentation system are memory devices such as RAM and ROM, fixed disk devices such as hard disks, flexible disks, and storage means such as optical disks. Programs, tables, databases, web page files, and the like.

  The tactile sense presentation system may be configured as an information processing apparatus such as a known personal computer or workstation, or may be configured by connecting an arbitrary peripheral device to the information processing apparatus. Further, the tactile sensation presentation system may be realized by installing software (including programs, data, and the like) that realizes the method of the present invention in the information processing apparatus.

  Furthermore, the specific form of the distribution / integration of the devices is not limited to that shown in the figure, and all or a part thereof may be functionally or physically in arbitrary units according to various additions or according to functional loads. Can be distributed and integrated. That is, the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined and may be selectively implemented.

  As described above in detail, according to the present invention, a tactile sensation presentation system, a tactile sensation presentation method, and a tactile sensation presentation program capable of expanding or transmitting a tactile sensation while a user directly touches an object. In addition, a recording medium can be provided, which has industrial utility.

  For example, by using the present invention, when tactile sensation is reduced or lost due to aging or disability, welfare medical equipment that restores sensory function, such as facilitating discrimination of fine scratches and texture differences in product inspection It can be applied to the development of support devices, entertainment devices that allow the tactile sense of things around you to change freely, and educational tools that encourage children to actively touch things.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 102 Converter 102a Preamplifier 102b Equalizer 102c Vibrator amplifier 112 Skin vibration sensor 114 Vibration actuator

Claims (9)

A tactile sensation presentation system that extends the tactile sensation when a user touches an object with a finger or transmits it to a third party,
A skin vibration sensor provided between the first joint and the third joint of the user's finger or on the nail;
A transducer for converting the vibration signal read by the skin vibration sensor for the expansion or the transmission;
A vibrator that is provided on a hand arm other than the user's finger or the third party and presents a tactile stimulus based on the vibration signal converted by the converter;
A tactile sensation presentation system comprising: A tactile presentation system that extends the tactile sensation when a user touches an object with a finger,
A skin vibration sensor provided between the first joint and the third joint of the user's finger or on the nail;
A transducer for converting the vibration signal read by the skin vibration sensor for the expansion or the transmission;
A vibrator that is provided on the finger of the user and presents a tactile stimulus based on the vibration signal converted by the transducer;
A tactile sensation presentation system comprising: The haptic presentation system according to claim 1 or 2,
The skin vibration sensor is
A tactile sensation presentation system, which is a sensor that obtains the vibration signal by a piezoelectric effect by winding a polyvinylidene fluoride film around a finger pad between the first joint and the third joint. In the haptic sense presentation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The vibrator is
A tactile sensation presentation system, wherein the tactile stimulus is presented on a fingertip side of a wrist joint to which the user's finger belongs. The haptic presentation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The converter is
A tactile presentation system, wherein the vibration signal is amplified, modulated and / or subtracted from vibration propagation characteristics of a finger. The haptic presentation system according to claim 1 or 2,
The skin vibration sensor is
A tactile sensation presentation system, which is a contact microphone provided on the nail of the user. The haptic sense presentation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The vibrator is
A tactile sensation presentation system characterized by being a voice coil type vibrator, a piezo element, or a vibration motor. A tactile presentation method executed in a tactile presentation system including at least a skin sensor, a transducer, and a vibrator in order to extend or transmit a tactile sensation when a user touches an object with a finger,
A reading step of acquiring a vibration signal in the skin vibration sensor provided between the first joint to the third joint of the finger of the user or on the nail;
In the converter, a conversion step of converting the vibration signal read by the skin vibration sensor for the expansion or the transmission;
Presenting step of presenting a tactile stimulus based on the vibration signal converted by the converter in the user's finger or a hand other than the finger or the vibrator provided in the third party;
A tactile sensation-presenting method comprising: A tactile presentation program for causing a tactile presentation system including at least a skin sensor, a transducer, and a vibrator to execute a tactile sensation when a user touches an object with a finger, or to transmit to a third party,
A reading step of acquiring a vibration signal in the skin vibration sensor provided between the first joint to the third joint of the finger of the user or on the nail;
In the converter, a conversion step of converting the vibration signal read by the skin vibration sensor for the expansion or the transmission;
Presenting step of presenting a tactile stimulus based on the vibration signal converted by the converter in the user's finger or a hand other than the finger or the vibrator provided in the third party;
A tactile presentation program for running