JPWO2016199692A1 - Method for treating oil content in crude sludge - Google Patents
Method for treating oil content in crude sludge Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2016199692A1 JPWO2016199692A1 JP2016566294A JP2016566294A JPWO2016199692A1 JP WO2016199692 A1 JPWO2016199692 A1 JP WO2016199692A1 JP 2016566294 A JP2016566294 A JP 2016566294A JP 2016566294 A JP2016566294 A JP 2016566294A JP WO2016199692 A1 JPWO2016199692 A1 JP WO2016199692A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/13—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G31/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for
- C10G31/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by heating, cooling, or pressure treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G31/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for
- C10G31/10—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for with the aid of centrifugal force
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
- F17D1/16—Facilitating the conveyance of liquids or effecting the conveyance of viscous products by modification of their viscosity
- F17D1/17—Facilitating the conveyance of liquids or effecting the conveyance of viscous products by modification of their viscosity by mixing with another liquid, i.e. diluting
Abstract
原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）とを混合し、次いで、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の混合物を、４０〜２００℃で加熱撹拌し、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の加熱撹拌処理物を得る第一工程（１）と、該加熱撹拌処理物を４０〜２００℃で遠心分離することにより、軽液と重分とを分離して、軽液を得る第二工程（１）と、該軽液の温度を融点以上の温度にし、融点以上の温度の軽液を原油移送管内の原油（Ｃ）に混合する工程であり、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度以上の温度であるか、あるいは、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度より低く且つ該軽液の温度と該原油（Ｃ）の温度の差が４０℃以内である第三工程（１）と、を有することを特徴とする原油スラッジ中の油分の回収方法本発明によれば、原油スラッジから回収した油分を原油に混合しても、再びスラッジを発生し難い原油スラッジ中の油分の回収方法を提供することができる。Crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B) are mixed, and then the mixture of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B) is heated and stirred at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B). The first step (1) for obtaining a heated and stirred product, and the second step for separating the light liquid and the heavy component by centrifuging the heated and stirred product at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain a light liquid. (1) and the temperature of the light liquid is set to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point, and the light liquid having a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point is mixed with the crude oil (C) in the crude oil transfer pipe. The temperature of the crude oil (C) is lower than the temperature of the light liquid and the difference between the temperature of the light liquid and the temperature of the crude oil (C) is within 40 ° C. Three steps (1) and a method for recovering oil content in crude oil sludge according to the present invention. Be mixed yield the oil to crude oil, it is possible to provide a recovered again method oil in hard oil sludge generated sludge.
Description
本発明は、原油が貯蔵されている原油タンク内に堆積した原油スラッジ中から油分を回収する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for recovering oil from crude oil sludge accumulated in a crude oil tank in which crude oil is stored.
原油タンクに堆積した原油スラッジは、原油タンクから取り出された後、一般的には、産業廃棄物として処理されるが、その廃棄処理には高い費用を要する。一方で、原油スラッジは、多くの場合３０〜８０体積％程度の油分を含んでいるため、原油スラッジ中の油分の回収のニーズも大きい。 After the crude oil sludge accumulated in the crude oil tank is taken out from the crude oil tank, it is generally treated as industrial waste, but its disposal requires high costs. On the other hand, since crude oil sludge often contains about 30 to 80% by volume of oil, there is a great need for recovery of oil in crude oil sludge.
そこで、従来、真空蒸留法、加熱分離法、遠心分離法等により、原油スラッジから油分を回収する試みが行われてきた（例えば、特許文献１〜３）。 Thus, conventionally, attempts have been made to recover oil from crude oil sludge by vacuum distillation, heating separation, centrifugation, or the like (for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3).
しかし、原油スラッジから回収された油分は、低品質であることから、これを原料油として良好な品質の燃料を製造する場合には、精製コストが高くなってしまう。そのため、原油スラッジから回収された油分は、直接、安価な燃料油として使用されることが多い。 However, since the oil component recovered from the crude oil sludge is of low quality, refining costs are high when producing fuel of good quality using this oil as raw material oil. Therefore, oil recovered from crude oil sludge is often used directly as an inexpensive fuel oil.
ここで、原油スラッジから回収した油分を原油に混合すれば、安価な燃料油ではなく、より価格の高い原油として販売することが可能となる。ところが、本発明者らが検討したところ、原油スラッジから回収した油分は、流動性が低く、原油との相溶性が悪いため、原油スラッジから回収した油分をそのまま原油に混合すると、再びスラッジを発生し易くなることがわかった。 Here, if the oil component recovered from the crude oil sludge is mixed with the crude oil, it can be sold as a crude oil having a higher price rather than an inexpensive fuel oil. However, when the present inventors examined, the oil component recovered from the crude oil sludge has low fluidity and poor compatibility with the crude oil, so when the oil component recovered from the crude oil sludge is directly mixed with the crude oil, sludge is generated again. It turns out that it becomes easy to do.
従って、本発明の課題は、原油スラッジから回収した油分を原油に混合しても、再びスラッジを発生し難い原油スラッジ中の油分の回収方法を提供することにある。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for recovering oil content in crude oil sludge that hardly generates sludge again even if the oil content recovered from the crude oil sludge is mixed with crude oil.
上記課題は、以下の本発明により解決される。
すなわち、本発明（１）は、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）とを、該原油スラッジ（Ａ）及び該原油（Ｂ）の合計に対する該原油スラッジ（Ａ）の割合が２０〜９５質量％となるように混合し、次いで、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の混合物を、４０〜２００℃で加熱撹拌し、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の加熱撹拌処理物を得る第一工程（１）と、
該加熱撹拌処理物を４０〜２００℃で遠心分離することにより、軽液と重分とを分離して、軽液を得る第二工程（１）と、
該軽液の温度を融点以上の温度にし、融点以上の温度の軽液を原油移送管内の原油（Ｃ）に混合する工程であり、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度以上の温度であるか、あるいは、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度より低く且つ該軽液の温度と該原油（Ｃ）の温度の差が４０℃以内である第三工程（１）と、
を有することを特徴とする原油スラッジ中の油分の回収方法を提供するものである。The above problems are solved by the present invention described below.
That is, in the present invention (1), the crude oil sludge (A) and the crude oil (B) are mixed at a ratio of the crude oil sludge (A) of 20 to 95 mass with respect to the total of the crude oil sludge (A) and the crude oil (B). %, And then the mixture of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B) is heated and stirred at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain a heated and stirred product of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B). The first step (1);
A second step (1) for separating the light liquid and the heavy component by centrifuging the heated and stirred product at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain a light liquid;
The temperature of the light liquid is set to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point, and the light liquid having a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point is mixed with the crude oil (C) in the crude oil transfer pipe, and the temperature of the crude oil (C) is higher than the temperature of the light liquid. A third step (1) in which the temperature of the crude oil (C) is lower than the temperature of the light liquid and the difference between the temperature of the light liquid and the temperature of the crude oil (C) is within 40 ° C. When,
The present invention provides a method for recovering an oil content in crude oil sludge.
また、本発明（２）は、原油スラッジ（Ａ）を４０〜２００℃で加熱し、原油スラッジ（Ａ）の加熱処理物を得る第一工程（２）と、
該加熱処理物を４０〜２００℃で遠心分離することにより、軽液と重分とを分離して、軽液を得る第二工程（２）と、
該軽液の温度を融点以上の温度にし、融点以上の温度の軽液を原油移送管内の原油（Ｃ）に混合する工程であり、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度以上の温度であるか、あるいは、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度より低く且つ該軽液の温度と該原油（Ｃ）の温度の差が４０℃以内である第三工程（２）と、
を有することを特徴とする原油スラッジ中の油分の回収方法を提供するものである。Moreover, this invention (2) is a 1st process (2) which heats crude oil sludge (A) at 40-200 degreeC, and obtains the heat processing thing of crude oil sludge (A),
A second step (2) of separating the light liquid and the heavy liquid by centrifuging the heat-treated product at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain a light liquid;
The temperature of the light liquid is set to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point, and the light liquid having a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point is mixed with the crude oil (C) in the crude oil transfer pipe. A third step (2) in which the temperature of the crude oil (C) is lower than the temperature of the light liquid and the difference between the temperature of the light liquid and the temperature of the crude oil (C) is within 40 ° C. When,
The present invention provides a method for recovering an oil content in crude oil sludge.
また、本発明（３）は、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）とを、該原油スラッジ（Ａ）及び該原油（Ｂ）の合計に対する該原油スラッジ（Ａ）の割合が２０〜９５質量％となるように混合し、次いで、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の混合物を、４０〜２００℃で加熱撹拌し、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の加熱撹拌処理物を得る第一工程（１）と、
該加熱撹拌処理物を４０〜２００℃で遠心分離することにより、軽液と重分とを分離して、軽液を得る第二工程（１）と、
該軽液の温度を融点以上の温度にし、融点以上の温度の軽液を原油移送管内の原油（Ｃ）に混合する工程であり、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度以上の温度であるか、あるいは、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度より低く且つ該軽液の温度と該原油（Ｃ）の温度の差が４０℃以内である第三工程（１）と、
を行い得られる原油（Ｄ）を提供するものである。In the present invention (3), the crude oil sludge (A) and the crude oil (B) are mixed in a ratio of the crude oil sludge (A) to the total of the crude oil sludge (A) and the crude oil (B) of 20 to 95 mass. %, And then the mixture of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B) is heated and stirred at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain a heated and stirred product of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B). The first step (1);
A second step (1) for separating the light liquid and the heavy component by centrifuging the heated and stirred product at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain a light liquid;
The temperature of the light liquid is set to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point, and the light liquid having a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point is mixed with the crude oil (C) in the crude oil transfer pipe, and the temperature of the crude oil (C) is higher than the temperature of the light liquid. A third step (1) in which the temperature of the crude oil (C) is lower than the temperature of the light liquid and the difference between the temperature of the light liquid and the temperature of the crude oil (C) is within 40 ° C. When,
The crude oil (D) obtained by performing is provided.
また、本発明（４）は、原油スラッジ（Ａ）を４０〜２００℃で加熱し、原油スラッジ（Ａ）の加熱処理物を得る第一工程（２）と、
該加熱処理物を４０〜２００℃で遠心分離することにより、軽液と重分とを分離して、軽液を得る第二工程（２）と、
該軽液の温度を融点以上の温度にし、融点以上の温度の軽液を原油移送管内の原油（Ｃ）に混合する工程であり、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度以上の温度であるか、あるいは、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度より低く且つ該軽液の温度と該原油（Ｃ）の温度の差が４０℃以内である第三工程（２）と、
を行い得られる原油（Ｅ）を提供するものである。Moreover, this invention (4) heats crude oil sludge (A) at 40-200 degreeC, and the 1st process (2) which obtains the heat processing thing of crude oil sludge (A),
A second step (2) of separating the light liquid and the heavy liquid by centrifuging the heat-treated product at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain a light liquid;
The temperature of the light liquid is set to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point, and the light liquid having a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point is mixed with the crude oil (C) in the crude oil transfer pipe. A third step (2) in which the temperature of the crude oil (C) is lower than the temperature of the light liquid and the difference between the temperature of the light liquid and the temperature of the crude oil (C) is within 40 ° C. When,
The crude oil (E) obtained by performing is provided.
本発明によれば、原油スラッジから回収した油分を原油に混合しても、再びスラッジを発生し難い原油スラッジ中の油分の回収方法を提供することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, even if the oil component collect | recovered from crude oil sludge is mixed with crude oil, the recovery method of the oil component in crude oil sludge which cannot generate | occur | produce a sludge again can be provided.
本発明の第一の形態の原油スラッジ中の油分の回収方法は、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）とを、該原油スラッジ（Ａ）及び該原油（Ｂ）の合計に対する該原油スラッジ（Ａ）の割合が２０〜９５質量％となるように混合し、次いで、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の混合物を、４０〜２００℃で加熱撹拌し、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の加熱撹拌処理物を得る第一工程（１）と、
該加熱撹拌処理物を４０〜２００℃で遠心分離することにより、軽液と重分とを分離して、軽液を得る第二工程（１）と、
該軽液の温度を融点以上の温度にし、融点以上の温度の軽液を原油移送管内の原油（Ｃ）に混合する工程であり、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度以上の温度であるか、あるいは、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度より低く且つ該軽液の温度と該原油（Ｃ）の温度の差が４０℃以内である第三工程（１）と、
を有することを特徴とする原油スラッジ中の油分の回収方法である。According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for recovering an oil content in crude oil sludge. The mixture of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B) is heated and stirred at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (A) A first step (1) for obtaining a heat-stirred product of B);
A second step (1) for separating the light liquid and the heavy component by centrifuging the heated and stirred product at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain a light liquid;
The temperature of the light liquid is set to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point, and the light liquid having a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point is mixed with the crude oil (C) in the crude oil transfer pipe, and the temperature of the crude oil (C) is higher than the temperature of the light liquid. A third step (1) in which the temperature of the crude oil (C) is lower than the temperature of the light liquid and the difference between the temperature of the light liquid and the temperature of the crude oil (C) is within 40 ° C. When,
It is the recovery method of the oil content in the crude oil sludge characterized by having.
本発明の第一の形態の原油スラッジ中の油分の回収方法に係る第一工程（１）は、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）とを混合し、次いで、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の混合物を、４０〜２００℃で加熱撹拌して、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の加熱撹拌処理物を得る工程である。 In the first step (1) according to the method for recovering oil in the crude oil sludge according to the first aspect of the present invention, the crude oil sludge (A) and the crude oil (B) are mixed, and then the crude oil sludge (A) and the crude oil In this step, the mixture of (B) is heated and stirred at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain a heated and stirred processed product of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B).
第一工程（１）に係る原油スラッジ（Ａ）は、原油が貯蔵されている原油中から発生し、原油タンクの底に堆積したスラッジである。原油スラッジ（Ａ）としては、原油採掘後に固形分や水分等が除去されて原油タンクに貯蔵され、製油所に出荷される前の原油タンク中の原油から発生し、原油タンクの底部に堆積した原油スラッジ；原油タンカーの原油タンクの底部に堆積した原油スラッジ；製油所で精製される前の貯蔵用の原油タンク中の原油から発生し、原油タンクの底部に堆積した原油スラッジ等が挙げられる。原油スラッジ（Ａ）は、１種類の原油から生成したものであってもよいし、複数種の原油から生成したものであってもよい。 The crude oil sludge (A) according to the first step (1) is sludge generated from the crude oil in which the crude oil is stored and deposited on the bottom of the crude oil tank. Crude oil sludge (A) is removed from solids, moisture, etc. after crude oil extraction, stored in a crude oil tank, generated from crude oil in the crude oil tank before being shipped to a refinery, and deposited at the bottom of the crude oil tank Crude oil sludge; crude oil sludge accumulated at the bottom of a crude oil tank of a crude oil tanker; crude oil sludge generated from crude oil in a crude oil tank for storage before being refined at a refinery, and deposited at the bottom of the crude oil tank. Crude oil sludge (A) may be generated from one type of crude oil or may be generated from a plurality of types of crude oil.
原油スラッジ（Ａ）は、油分、アスファルテン、鉄分、砂、水等を含有している。原油スラッジ（Ａ）中の油分は、主に、炭素数４０以上のパラフィン及び芳香族炭化水素である。そして、この原油スラッジ（Ａ）中の油分が、本発明の原油スラッジ中の油分の回収方法により、原油スラッジ（Ａ）中から回収される成分である。 Crude oil sludge (A) contains oil, asphaltene, iron, sand, water and the like. The oil in the crude oil sludge (A) is mainly paraffins and aromatic hydrocarbons having 40 or more carbon atoms. And the oil content in this crude oil sludge (A) is a component collect | recovered from crude oil sludge (A) by the recovery method of the oil content in the crude oil sludge of this invention.
原油タンク内に堆積した原油スラッジ（Ａ）を、原油タンク外へ取り出す方法としては、特に制限されず、例えば、原油タンク内の原油を原油タンク外へ抜き出した後に、原油タンク内に堆積した原油スラッジ（Ａ）に高圧の原油を噴射し、破砕又は一部溶解した原油スラッジ（Ａ）を原油で原油タンク外へ押し出す方法（ＣＯＷ：Ｃｒｕｄｅ Ｏｉｌ Ｗａｓｈｉｎｇ）、原油タンク内の原油を原油タンク外へ抜き出した後に、人手により、原油タンク内に堆積した原油スラッジ（Ａ）を取り出す方法等が挙げられる。 The method of taking out the crude oil sludge (A) deposited in the crude oil tank is not particularly limited. For example, the crude oil deposited in the crude oil tank after the crude oil in the crude oil tank is extracted out of the crude oil tank. A method of injecting high-pressure crude oil into sludge (A) and pushing crushed or partially dissolved crude oil sludge (A) out of the crude oil tank with crude oil (COW: Crude Oil Washing). Crude oil in the crude oil tank is taken out of the crude oil tank. Examples include a method of manually extracting the crude oil sludge (A) accumulated in the crude oil tank after the extraction.
原油スラッジ（Ａ）と混合する原油（Ｂ）は、特に制限されず、原油採掘後に固形分や水分等を除去し原油タンクに貯蔵する前の原油であってもよいし、原油採掘後に固形分や水分等を除去し原油タンクに貯蔵し間もない原油であり、原油スラッジが発生する前の原油であってもよいし、一定期間原油タンクに貯蔵することにより、原油タンクの底部に原油スラッジが発生した後の、原油タンク内の上澄みの原油であってもよい。原油（Ｂ）は、原油スラッジ（Ａ）の生成源の原油と同じ種類の原油であっても、異なる種類の原油であってもよい。 The crude oil (B) to be mixed with the crude oil sludge (A) is not particularly limited, and may be a crude oil before removing solids or moisture after the crude oil is mined and stored in the crude oil tank. The crude oil that has just been stored in the crude oil tank after removing water and moisture, etc., may be crude oil before the crude oil sludge is generated, or the crude oil sludge at the bottom of the crude oil tank by storing it in the crude oil tank for a certain period of time. It may be the crude oil in the crude oil tank after the occurrence of. Crude oil (B) may be the same type of crude oil as the source of crude sludge (A) or a different type of crude oil.
なお、原油スラッジ（Ａ）を原油タンクから取り出すときに、原油で原油スラッジ（Ａ）を原油タンク外へ押し出すこと（例えば、ＣＯＷ）により、原油スラッジ（Ａ）を取り出した場合、原油タンクから取り出されたものは、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油スラッジ（Ａ）の取り出しに用いられた原油の混合物であるが、この場合、原油スラッジ（Ａ）の取り出しに用いられた原油は、原油（Ｂ）に含まれる。 When removing crude oil sludge (A) from the crude oil tank, if the crude oil sludge (A) is taken out by pushing the crude oil sludge (A) out of the crude oil tank with crude oil (for example, COW), it is removed from the crude oil tank. This is a mixture of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil used to remove crude oil sludge (A). In this case, the crude oil used to remove crude oil sludge (A) is crude oil (B). include.
第一工程（１）においては、先ず、原油スラッジ（Ａ）及び原油（Ｂ）の合計に対する原油スラッジ（Ａ）の割合が、２０〜９５質量％、好ましくは４０〜９０質量％、より好ましくは６０〜９０質量％となるように、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）を混合する。原油スラッジ（Ａ）及び原油（Ｂ）の合計に対する原油スラッジ（Ａ）の割合が、上記範囲未満だと、第二工程（１）における処理量が増加し、経済性の低下を招き、また、上記範囲を超えると、原油スラッジ（Ａ）からの油分の回収が不十分となる。 In the first step (1), first, the ratio of crude oil sludge (A) to the total of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B) is 20 to 95 mass%, preferably 40 to 90 mass%, more preferably Crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B) are mixed so that it may become 60-90 mass%. If the ratio of crude oil sludge (A) to the total of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B) is less than the above range, the amount of treatment in the second step (1) will increase, leading to a decrease in economic efficiency, When the above range is exceeded, oil recovery from the crude oil sludge (A) becomes insufficient.
なお、原油スラッジ（Ａ）を原油タンクから取り出すときに、原油で原油スラッジ（Ａ）を原油タンク外へ押し出すこと（例えば、ＣＯＷ洗浄）により、原油スラッジ（Ａ）を取り出した場合、原油スラッジ（Ａ）の取り出しに用いられた原油を、原油（Ｂ）に含めて、原油スラッジ（Ａ）及び原油（Ｂ）の合計に対する原油スラッジ（Ａ）の割合を算出する。そのため、この場合、原油タンクの底部に堆積している原油スラッジ（Ａ）及び原油スラッジ（Ａ）の取り出しに用いる原油の合計に対する原油スラッジ（Ａ）の割合が、所定の混合割合、すなわち、原油スラッジ（Ａ）及び原油（Ｂ）の合計に対する原油スラッジ（Ａ）の割合が、２０〜９５質量％、好ましくは４０〜９０質量％、より好ましくは６０〜９０質量％となる量の原油を用いて、原油スラッジ（Ａ）を原油タンク外へ取出し、取り出した原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油の混合物を、そのまま加熱撹拌に用いる原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の混合物としてもよい。あるいは、原油タンクの底部に堆積している原油スラッジ（Ａ）を、少量の原油を用いて、原油タンク外へ取出し、取り出した原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油の混合物に、更に、原油スラッジ（Ａ）の取り出しに用いた原油と同じ種類の原油又は異なる種類の原油を混合して、所定の混合割合、すなわち、原油スラッジ（Ａ）及び原油（Ｂ）の合計に対する原油スラッジ（Ａ）の割合が、２０〜９５質量％、好ましくは４０〜９０質量％、より好ましくは６０〜９０質量％にして、得られる混合物を、加熱撹拌に用いる原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の混合物としてもよい。 When the crude oil sludge (A) is taken out from the crude oil tank, when the crude oil sludge (A) is taken out by pushing the crude oil sludge (A) out of the crude oil tank with crude oil (for example, COW washing), the crude oil sludge ( The crude oil used for taking out A) is included in crude oil (B), and the ratio of crude oil sludge (A) to the total of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B) is calculated. Therefore, in this case, the ratio of the crude oil sludge (A) accumulated in the bottom of the crude oil tank and the crude oil sludge (A) to the total crude oil used to take out the crude oil sludge (A) is a predetermined mixing ratio, that is, the crude oil Use crude oil in such an amount that the ratio of crude sludge (A) to the sum of sludge (A) and crude oil (B) is 20 to 95 mass%, preferably 40 to 90 mass%, more preferably 60 to 90 mass%. Then, the crude oil sludge (A) is taken out of the crude oil tank, and the extracted crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil mixture may be used as a mixture of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B) used for heating and stirring as they are. Alternatively, the crude oil sludge (A) accumulated at the bottom of the crude oil tank is taken out of the crude oil tank using a small amount of crude oil, and the mixture of the extracted crude oil sludge (A) and the crude oil is further mixed with the crude oil sludge (A). ) The same or different types of crude oil used for the extraction of crude oil are mixed, and the predetermined mixing ratio, that is, the ratio of crude oil sludge (A) to the total of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B) is The mixture obtained may be 20 to 95% by mass, preferably 40 to 90% by mass, more preferably 60 to 90% by mass, and the resulting mixture may be a mixture of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B) used for heating and stirring. .
第一工程（１）では、次いで、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の混合物を、４０〜２００℃、好ましくは５０〜１５０℃、より好ましくは６０〜１００℃で加熱撹拌し、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の加熱撹拌処理物を得る。加熱撹拌温度が、上記範囲未満だと、原油スラッジ（Ａ）からの油分の回収が不十分となり、また、上記範囲を超えると、軽質留分の損失によるデメリットが発生する。原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の混合物を、加熱撹拌する方法としては、特に制限されず、例えば、原油タンクから取り出された原油スラッジ（Ａ）が貯留されるタンク内で、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の混合物を、加熱撹拌する方法が挙げられる。加熱撹拌時間は、特に制限されず、均一な混合状態となるよう、撹拌条件に応じて選択される。 In the first step (1), the crude sludge (A) and crude oil (B) mixture is then heated and stirred at 40 to 200 ° C., preferably 50 to 150 ° C., more preferably 60 to 100 ° C. A heated and stirred product of (A) and crude oil (B) is obtained. When the heating and stirring temperature is less than the above range, oil recovery from the crude oil sludge (A) becomes insufficient, and when it exceeds the above range, disadvantages due to loss of light fractions occur. The method of heating and stirring the mixture of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B) is not particularly limited. For example, in a tank in which crude oil sludge (A) taken out from the crude oil tank is stored, crude oil sludge ( The method of heating and stirring the mixture of A) and crude oil (B) is mentioned. The heating and stirring time is not particularly limited and is selected according to the stirring conditions so as to obtain a uniform mixed state.
原油スラッジ（Ａ）中の油分の含有量は、特に制限されないが、通常、３０〜８０質量％である。そして、この原油スラッジ（Ａ）中の油分は、第一工程において、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の混合物を４０〜２００℃、好ましくは５０〜１５０℃、より好ましくは６０〜１００℃で加熱撹拌することにより、原油（Ｂ）に溶解する。 Although content in particular of oil content in crude oil sludge (A) is not restrict | limited, Usually, it is 30-80 mass%. And the oil content in this crude oil sludge (A) is a mixture of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B) in a 1st process, 40-200 degreeC, Preferably it is 50-150 degreeC, More preferably, it is 60-100 degreeC Dissolve in crude oil (B) by stirring with heating.
本発明の第一の形態の原油スラッジ中の油分の回収方法に係る第二工程（１）は、第一工程（１）を行い得られた原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の加熱撹拌処理物を、４０〜２００℃で遠心分離することにより、軽液と重分とを分離して、軽液を得る工程である。 The second step (1) according to the method for recovering the oil content in the crude oil sludge according to the first aspect of the present invention is the heating and stirring of the crude oil sludge (A) and the crude oil (B) obtained by performing the first step (1). This is a step of obtaining a light liquid by centrifuging the treated product at 40 to 200 ° C. to separate the light liquid and the heavy liquid.
第二工程（１）において、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の加熱撹拌処理物の遠心分離を行うときの温度は、４０〜２００℃、好ましくは５０〜１５０℃、より好ましくは６０〜１００℃である。遠心分離温度が、上記範囲未満だと、遠心分離中に、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の加熱撹拌処理物の一部が凝固したり、加熱撹拌処理物の流動性が大きく低下したりするため、遠心分離が行えなくなり、また、上記範囲を超えると、軽質留分の損失によるデメリットが発生する。また、第二工程（１）において、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の加熱撹拌処理物の遠心分離を行うときの温度は、第一工程（１）における、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の混合物の加熱撹拌温度と同じにするか、あるいは、加熱撹拌温度より高くすることが、好ましい。 In the second step (1), the temperature at which the crude oil sludge (A) and the crude oil (B) are heated and stirred is centrifuged at 40 to 200 ° C., preferably 50 to 150 ° C., more preferably 60 to 100 ° C. If the centrifugation temperature is less than the above range, some of the heat-stirred products of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B) will solidify during centrifugation, or the fluidity of the heat-stirred products will greatly decrease. Therefore, the centrifugal separation cannot be performed, and if it exceeds the above range, a demerit due to loss of the light fraction occurs. Further, in the second step (1), the temperature at which the crude oil sludge (A) and the crude oil (B) are subjected to centrifugal separation of the heated and stirred products is the same as that in the first step (1). It is preferable to make it the same as the heating stirring temperature of the mixture of (B) or to make it higher than the heating stirring temperature.
第一工程（１）を行い得られる原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の加熱撹拌処理物は、比重が小さい軽液と軽液より比重が大きい重分の混合物であり、第二工程（１）では、比重差により軽液と重分とを分離する。そして、軽液は、第一工程（１）で原油スラッジ（Ａ）中の油分が原油（Ｂ）に溶解することにより得られる液体である。つまり、軽液は、基本的に原油（Ｂ）と原油（Ｂ）に溶解した原油スラッジ（Ａ）中の油分とからなる。重分は、第一工程（１）で原油（Ｂ）には溶解しなかった原油スラッジ（Ａ）中の成分であり、主に、アスファルテン、水分、鉄分、砂、及びこれら成分に抱き込まれて分離され難い状態にある油分などである。 The heat-stirred processed product of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B) obtained by performing the first step (1) is a mixture of a light liquid having a small specific gravity and a heavy component having a specific gravity larger than that of the light liquid. In 1), the light liquid and the heavy component are separated by the specific gravity difference. The light liquid is a liquid obtained by dissolving the oil in the crude oil sludge (A) in the crude oil (B) in the first step (1). That is, the light liquid basically consists of crude oil (B) and oil in the crude oil sludge (A) dissolved in the crude oil (B). The heavy component is a component in the crude oil sludge (A) that was not dissolved in the crude oil (B) in the first step (1), and is mainly entrapped in asphaltenes, moisture, iron, sand, and these components. Oil that is difficult to separate.
第二工程（１）において、加熱撹拌処理物を遠心分離するための遠心分離装置としては、特に制限されず、上記遠心分離温度を保ったまま、連続的に軽液と重分とを、比重の差により分離できるものであればよい。例えば、デカンター式遠心分離機、ディスクセパレータ式遠心分離機、又はこれらを組み合わせた遠心分離機が挙げられる。 In the second step (1), the centrifuge for centrifuging the heat-stirred product is not particularly limited, and the light liquid and the heavy fraction are continuously mixed with the specific gravity while maintaining the above-mentioned centrifugation temperature. Any material can be used as long as it can be separated by the difference between the two. For example, a decanter type centrifuge, a disk separator type centrifuge, or a combination of these is available.
第二工程（１）を行い得られる軽液の物性は、特に制限されないが、密度は好ましくは０．８０〜０．９５ｇ／ｃｍ３、より好ましくは０．８０〜０．８８ｇ／ｃｍ３であり、融点は好ましくは４０〜１５０℃、より好ましくは４０〜１１０℃、さらに好ましくは４０〜９０℃であり、凝固点は好ましくは３０〜１４０℃、より好ましくは３０〜１００℃、さらに好ましくは３０〜８０℃であり、油分含有量は６０質量％以上である。The physical properties of the light liquid obtained by performing the second step (1) are not particularly limited, but the density is preferably 0.80 to 0.95 g / cm 3 , more preferably 0.80 to 0.88 g / cm 3 . The melting point is preferably 40 to 150 ° C, more preferably 40 to 110 ° C, still more preferably 40 to 90 ° C, and the freezing point is preferably 30 to 140 ° C, more preferably 30 to 100 ° C, and still more preferably 30. It is -80 degreeC and oil content is 60 mass% or more.
本発明の第一の形態の原油スラッジ中の油分の回収方法に係る第三工程（１）は、第二工程（１）を行い得られる軽液を融点以上の温度にし、融点以上の温度の軽液を原油移送管内の原油（Ｃ）に混合する工程である。軽液の温度が融点未満の温度だと、軽液を原油移送管内の原油（Ｃ）に混合し難くなる。 In the third step (1) according to the method for recovering oil in the crude sludge of the first aspect of the present invention, the light liquid obtained by performing the second step (1) is brought to a temperature higher than the melting point, In this process, the light liquid is mixed with the crude oil (C) in the crude oil transfer pipe. When the temperature of the light liquid is lower than the melting point, it becomes difficult to mix the light liquid with the crude oil (C) in the crude oil transfer pipe.
第三工程（１）において、軽液を混合する原油（Ｃ）は、特に制限されず、原油採掘後に固形分や水分等を除去し原油タンクに貯蔵する前の原油であってもよいし、原油採掘後に固形分や水分等を除去し原油タンクに貯蔵し間もない原油であり、原油スラッジが発生する前の原油であってもよいし、一定期間原油タンクに貯蔵することにより、原油タンクの底部に原油スラッジが発生した後の、原油タンク内の上澄みの原油であってもよい。原油（Ｃ）は、原油スラッジ（Ａ）の生成源の原油と同じ種類の原油であっても、異なる種類の原油であってもよく、また、原油（Ｂ）と同じ種類の原油であっても、異なる種類の原油であってもよい。 In the third step (1), the crude oil (C) in which the light liquid is mixed is not particularly limited, and may be crude oil before removing solids or moisture after storing the crude oil and storing it in the crude oil tank, Crude oil that has been solidly removed after being extracted and stored in a crude oil tank. It may be crude oil before crude oil sludge is generated, or it can be stored in the crude oil tank for a certain period. It may be the crude oil in the crude oil tank after the crude oil sludge is generated at the bottom. Crude oil (C) may be the same type of crude oil as the source of crude oil sludge (A) or a different type of crude oil, and may be the same type of crude oil as crude oil (B). Or different types of crude oil.
原油スラッジ（Ａ）中の油分は、炭素数が４０以上と、分子量が大きい炭化水素が主であるため、軽液の温度が、第一工程（１）で加熱撹拌を行ったときの温度より低くなり過ぎると、軽液が凝固するか又は軽液の流動性が著しく低くなるため、第三工程（１）では、軽液を融点以上の温度にして、軽液を原油（Ｃ）に混合する。軽液の温度は、好ましくは融点以上の温度で、且つ４０〜２００℃、より好ましくは５０〜１５０℃、さらに好ましくは６０〜１００℃の範囲内である。 The oil content in the crude oil sludge (A) is mainly hydrocarbons having a carbon number of 40 or more and a large molecular weight. Therefore, the temperature of the light liquid is higher than the temperature when the heat stirring is performed in the first step (1) If the temperature is too low, the light liquid will solidify or the fluidity of the light liquid will become extremely low. In the third step (1), the light liquid is brought to a temperature higher than the melting point and the light liquid is mixed with the crude oil (C). To do. The temperature of the light liquid is preferably a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point, and is in the range of 40 to 200 ° C, more preferably 50 to 150 ° C, and further preferably 60 to 100 ° C.
第三工程（１）において、原油（Ｃ）に軽液を混合するときの原油（Ｃ）と軽液の温度の関係であるが、原油（Ｃ）の温度が軽液の温度以上の温度であるか、あるいは、原油（Ｃ）の温度が軽液の温度より低く且つ軽液の温度と原油（Ｃ）の温度の差が４０℃以内である。原油（Ｃ）の温度が軽液の温度より低い場合は、軽液の温度と原油（Ｃ）の温度の差が小さいほど、原油（Ｃ）に軽液が混合されたときに、原油（Ｃ）中での原油スラッジ（Ａ）の油分の析出が抑制されるか又は析出したとしても微細に析出し、スラッジの原因になり難くなるので、軽液の温度と原油（Ｃ）の温度の差が４０℃以内であることにより、原油（Ｃ）中での原油スラッジ（Ａ）の油分の析出が抑制されるか又は析出したとしても微細に析出し、スラッジの原因になり難くなるという効果を奏する。そして、原油（Ｃ）の温度が軽液の温度より低い場合、軽液の温度と原油（Ｃ）の温度の差は、好ましくは３０℃以内、より好ましくは２０℃以内、さらに好ましくは１０℃以内であることにより、原油（Ｃ）中での原油スラッジ（Ａ）の油分の析出が抑制されるか又は析出したとしても微細に析出し、スラッジの原因になり難くなるという効果が高くなる。また、原油（Ｃ）の温度が軽液の温度以上の温度である場合は、原油（Ｃ）に軽液が混合されたときに、原油（Ｃ）中での原油スラッジ（Ａ）の油分の析出が抑制されるか又は析出したとしても微細に析出し、スラッジの原因になり難くなるので、原油（Ｃ）の温度が軽液の温度以上の温度であることにより、原油（Ｃ）に軽液が混合されたときに、原油（Ｃ）中での原油スラッジ（Ａ）の油分の析出が抑制されるか又は析出したとしても微細に析出し、スラッジの原因になり難くなるという効果を奏する。そして、原油（Ｃ）の温度が軽液の温度以上の温度である場合、原油（Ｃ）の温度と軽液の温度の差は、好ましくは１０℃以内、より好ましくは５℃以内である。 In the third step (1), the temperature of crude oil (C) and light liquid when mixing light liquid with crude oil (C), the temperature of crude oil (C) is higher than the temperature of light liquid. Or the temperature of the crude oil (C) is lower than the temperature of the light liquid and the difference between the temperature of the light liquid and the temperature of the crude oil (C) is within 40 ° C. When the temperature of the crude oil (C) is lower than the temperature of the light liquid, the smaller the difference between the temperature of the light liquid and the temperature of the crude oil (C), the more the crude oil (C) is mixed with the light liquid. ) The oil component of the crude oil sludge (A) is suppressed or deposited finely even if it is deposited, making it difficult to cause sludge, so the difference between the temperature of the light liquid and the temperature of the crude oil (C) Is within 40 ° C, the precipitation of the oil content of the crude oil sludge (A) in the crude oil (C) is suppressed, or even if it is precipitated, it is finely precipitated and is less likely to cause sludge. Play. When the temperature of the crude oil (C) is lower than the temperature of the light liquid, the difference between the temperature of the light liquid and the temperature of the crude oil (C) is preferably within 30 ° C, more preferably within 20 ° C, and even more preferably 10 ° C. If it is within the range, precipitation of the oil content of the crude oil sludge (A) in the crude oil (C) is suppressed or even if it is precipitated, the effect of being finely precipitated and hardly causing sludge is enhanced. Further, when the temperature of the crude oil (C) is equal to or higher than the temperature of the light liquid, when the light liquid is mixed with the crude oil (C), the oil content of the crude oil sludge (A) in the crude oil (C) Even if precipitation is suppressed, or even if it is precipitated, it is finely deposited and is unlikely to cause sludge. If the temperature of the crude oil (C) is higher than the temperature of the light liquid, the crude oil (C) When the liquid is mixed, the oil content of the crude oil sludge (A) in the crude oil (C) is suppressed or even if it is precipitated, the oil is finely precipitated and is less likely to cause sludge. . When the temperature of the crude oil (C) is equal to or higher than the temperature of the light liquid, the difference between the temperature of the crude oil (C) and the temperature of the light liquid is preferably within 10 ° C, more preferably within 5 ° C.
第三工程（１）において、原油移送管内を流れる原油（Ｃ）の温度は、上記の原油（Ｃ）の温度と軽液の温度の関係を満たすが、原油（Ｃ）の温度が高過ぎると、軽質留分の損失によるデメリットが発生するので、原油（Ｃ）の温度は、６０℃以下が好ましく、５０℃以下がより好ましい。 In the third step (1), the temperature of the crude oil (C) flowing in the crude oil transfer pipe satisfies the relationship between the temperature of the crude oil (C) and the temperature of the light liquid, but if the temperature of the crude oil (C) is too high Since disadvantages due to loss of light fractions occur, the temperature of the crude oil (C) is preferably 60 ° C. or less, and more preferably 50 ° C. or less.
第三工程（１）においては、原油移送管内の原油（Ｃ）に軽液を混合することにより、原油（Ｃ）に軽液を混合する。原油移送管は、原油（Ｃ）を移送するための移送管であり、原油（Ｃ）はその中を流れているので、軽液を原油移送管内の原油（Ｃ）に混合するとは、原油移送管内を流れている状態の原油（Ｃ）に軽液を混合することを指す。そして、第三工程（１）では、流れている状態の原油（Ｃ）に軽液を混合することにより、原油（Ｃ）中で析出した原油スラッジ（Ａ）の油分が凝集する前に、析出した原油スラッジ（Ａ）の油分を、原油（Ｃ）中に速やかに分散させることができるので、原油（Ｃ）中でスラッジを生じ難くさせることができる。一方、軽液を、流れていない原油、例えば、原油タンク内の原油に直接添加し混合すると、原油（Ｃ）中で析出した原油スラッジ（Ａ）の油分が、原油（Ｃ）中に分散し難いので、原油スラッジ（Ａ）の油分がスラッジを形成し難い微細な析出物となったとしても、直後に凝集してしまうため、原油（Ｃ）中でスラッジが生じ易くなる。 In the third step (1), the light liquid is mixed with the crude oil (C) by mixing the light liquid with the crude oil (C) in the crude oil transfer pipe. The crude oil transfer pipe is a transfer pipe for transferring the crude oil (C), and since the crude oil (C) flows through the crude oil (C), mixing the light liquid with the crude oil (C) in the crude oil transfer pipe means that the crude oil is transferred. It refers to mixing light liquid with crude oil (C) flowing in the pipe. Then, in the third step (1), by mixing the light liquid with the flowing crude oil (C), the oil component of the crude oil sludge (A) precipitated in the crude oil (C) is precipitated before agglomeration. Since the oil content of the crude oil sludge (A) can be quickly dispersed in the crude oil (C), sludge can be made difficult to occur in the crude oil (C). On the other hand, when light liquid is directly added to and mixed with crude oil not flowing, for example, crude oil in a crude oil tank, the oil content of crude oil sludge (A) precipitated in crude oil (C) is dispersed in crude oil (C). Since it is difficult, even if the oil content of the crude oil sludge (A) becomes a fine precipitate that is difficult to form a sludge, the oil is agglomerated immediately after that, so that the sludge is easily generated in the crude oil (C).
軽液を原油移送管内の原油（Ｃ）に混合する方法としては、ラインミキシング、スタティックミキサー、インジェクションノズル、ミキシングバルブ等による混合が挙げられる。 Examples of the method of mixing the light liquid with the crude oil (C) in the crude oil transfer pipe include mixing with a line mixing, a static mixer, an injection nozzle, a mixing valve, and the like.
第三工程（１）において、原油（Ｃ）への軽液の混合量は、原油（Ｃ）１００体積部に対し、好ましくは４５体積部以下、より好ましくは２〜１５体積部である。原油（Ｃ）への軽液の混合量が上記範囲にあることにより、原油（Ｃ）中でスラッジが生じ難くなる。 In 3rd process (1), the mixing amount of the light liquid to crude oil (C) becomes like this. Preferably it is 45 volume parts or less with respect to 100 volume parts of crude oil (C), More preferably, it is 2-15 volume parts. When the amount of light liquid mixed with crude oil (C) is in the above range, sludge is less likely to occur in crude oil (C).
第三工程（１）において、原油移送管内を流れる原油（Ｃ）の線速度は、好ましくは１ｃｍ／秒以上、より好ましくは４ｃｍ／秒以上、さらに好ましくは６ｃｍ／秒以上である。原油移送管内を流れる原油（Ｃ）の線速度が上記範囲にあることにより、原油（Ｃ）中で析出した原油スラッジ（Ａ）の油分が分散し易くなるので、原油（Ｃ）中でスラッジが生じ難くなる。なお、原油移送管内を流れる原油（Ｃ）の線速度に上限値はないが、通常の原油移送配管内の原油の線速度は５００ｃｍ／秒以下となることが多い。 In the third step (1), the linear velocity of the crude oil (C) flowing in the crude oil transfer pipe is preferably 1 cm / second or more, more preferably 4 cm / second or more, and further preferably 6 cm / second or more. Since the linear velocity of the crude oil (C) flowing in the crude oil transfer pipe is in the above range, the oil content of the crude oil sludge (A) precipitated in the crude oil (C) is easily dispersed. It becomes difficult to occur. There is no upper limit for the linear velocity of crude oil (C) flowing in the crude oil transfer pipe, but the linear velocity of crude oil in the normal crude oil transfer pipe is often 500 cm / second or less.
そして、第三工程（１）を行うことにより、軽液を原油（Ｃ）に混合させた原油（Ｄ）を得る。 And the crude oil (D) which mixed the light liquid with the crude oil (C) is obtained by performing a 3rd process (1).
本発明の原油（Ｄ）は、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）とを、該原油スラッジ（Ａ）及び該原油（Ｂ）の合計に対する該原油スラッジ（Ａ）の割合が２０〜９５質量％となるように混合し、次いで、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の混合物を、４０〜２００℃で加熱撹拌し、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の加熱撹拌処理物を得る第一工程（１）と、
該加熱撹拌処理物を４０〜２００℃で遠心分離することにより、軽液と重分とを分離して、軽液を得る第二工程（１）と、
該軽液の温度を融点以上の温度にし、融点以上の温度の軽液を原油移送管内の原油（Ｃ）に混合する工程であり、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度以上の温度であるか、あるいは、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度より低く且つ該軽液の温度と該原油（Ｃ）の温度の差が４０℃以内である第三工程（１）と、
を行い得られる原油である。The crude oil (D) of the present invention comprises a crude oil sludge (A) and a crude oil (B), and the ratio of the crude oil sludge (A) to the total of the crude oil sludge (A) and the crude oil (B) is 20 to 95 mass. %, And then the mixture of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B) is heated and stirred at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain a heated and stirred product of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B). The first step (1);
A second step (1) for separating the light liquid and the heavy component by centrifuging the heated and stirred product at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain a light liquid;
The temperature of the light liquid is set to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point, and the light liquid having a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point is mixed with the crude oil (C) in the crude oil transfer pipe, and the temperature of the crude oil (C) is higher than the temperature of the light liquid. A third step (1) in which the temperature of the crude oil (C) is lower than the temperature of the light liquid and the difference between the temperature of the light liquid and the temperature of the crude oil (C) is within 40 ° C. When,
It is a crude oil that can be obtained.
本発明の原油（Ｄ）に係る原油スラッジ（Ａ）、原油（Ｂ）、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の混合物、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の加熱撹拌処理物、第一工程（１）、遠心分離、軽液、重分、第二工程（１）、原油（Ｃ）、第三工程（１）は、本発明の第一の形態の原油スラッジ中の油分の回収方法に係る原油スラッジ（Ａ）、原油（Ｂ）、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の混合物、原油スラッジ（Ａ）と原油（Ｂ）の加熱撹拌処理物、第一工程（１）、遠心分離、軽液、重分、第二工程（１）、原油（Ｃ）、第三工程（１）と同様である。 Crude oil sludge (A), crude oil (B), a mixture of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B), a heated and stirred processed product of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B), The first step (1), centrifugation, light liquid, heavy fraction, second step (1), crude oil (C), and third step (1) are the recovery of the oil content in the crude sludge of the first aspect of the present invention. Crude oil sludge (A), crude oil (B), a mixture of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B), a heated and stirred product of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B), first step (1), Centrifugation, light liquid, heavy fraction, second step (1), crude oil (C), and third step (1) are the same.
本発明の第二の形態の原油スラッジ中の油分の回収方法は、原油スラッジ（Ａ）を４０〜２００℃で加熱し、原油スラッジ（Ａ）の加熱処理物を得る第一工程（２）と、
該加熱処理物を４０〜２００℃で遠心分離することにより、軽液と重分とを分離して、軽液を得る第二工程（２）と、
該軽液の温度を融点以上の温度にし、融点以上の温度の軽液を原油移送管内の原油（Ｃ）に混合する工程であり、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度以上の温度であるか、あるいは、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度より低く且つ該軽液の温度と該原油（Ｃ）の温度の差が４０℃以内である第三工程（２）と、
を有することを特徴とする原油スラッジ中の油分の回収方法である。The method for recovering oil in the crude sludge according to the second aspect of the present invention includes a first step (2) in which the crude sludge (A) is heated at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain a heat-treated product of the crude sludge (A); ,
A second step (2) of separating the light liquid and the heavy liquid by centrifuging the heat-treated product at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain a light liquid;
The temperature of the light liquid is set to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point, and the light liquid having a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point is mixed with the crude oil (C) in the crude oil transfer pipe. A third step (2) in which the temperature of the crude oil (C) is lower than the temperature of the light liquid and the difference between the temperature of the light liquid and the temperature of the crude oil (C) is within 40 ° C. When,
It is the recovery method of the oil content in the crude oil sludge characterized by having.
本発明の第二の形態の原油スラッジ中の油分の回収方法に係る第一工程（２）は、原油スラッジ（Ａ）を４０〜２００℃で加熱し、原油スラッジ（Ａ）の加熱処理物を得る工程である。 In the first step (2) relating to the method for recovering the oil content in the crude sludge according to the second aspect of the present invention, the crude sludge (A) is heated at 40 to 200 ° C., and the heat-treated product of the crude sludge (A) is used. It is a process to obtain.
第一工程（２）に係る原油スラッジ（Ａ）は、第一工程（１）に係る原油スラッジ（Ａ）と同様である。 The crude oil sludge (A) according to the first step (2) is the same as the crude oil sludge (A) according to the first step (1).
第一工程（２）では、原油スラッジ（Ａ）を、４０〜２００℃、好ましくは５０〜１５０℃、より好ましくは６０〜１００℃で加熱し、原油スラッジ（Ａ）の加熱処理物を得る。加熱温度が、上記範囲未満だと、原油スラッジ（Ａ）からの油分の回収が不十分となり、また、上記範囲を超えると、加熱費用が高くなり、経済性が失われる。原油スラッジ（Ａ）を加熱する方法としては、特に制限されず、例えば、原油タンクから取り出された原油スラッジ（Ａ）が貯留されるタンク内で、原油スラッジ（Ａ）を加熱する方法が挙げられる。 In the first step (2), the crude oil sludge (A) is heated at 40 to 200 ° C., preferably 50 to 150 ° C., more preferably 60 to 100 ° C. to obtain a heat-treated product of the crude oil sludge (A). When the heating temperature is less than the above range, the oil content from the crude oil sludge (A) is insufficiently recovered. When the heating temperature exceeds the above range, the heating cost is increased and the economy is lost. The method of heating the crude oil sludge (A) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of heating the crude oil sludge (A) in a tank in which the crude oil sludge (A) taken out from the crude oil tank is stored. .
本発明の第二の形態の原油スラッジ中の油分の回収方法に係る第二工程（２）は、第一工程（２）を行い得られた原油スラッジ（Ａ）の加熱処理物を、４０〜２００℃で遠心分離することにより、軽液と重分とを分離して、軽液を得る工程である。 The 2nd process (2) which concerns on the recovery method of the oil content in the crude oil sludge of the 2nd form of this invention is 40- about the heat-processing thing of the crude oil sludge (A) obtained by performing a 1st process (2). In this step, the light liquid and the heavy component are separated by centrifugation at 200 ° C. to obtain a light liquid.
第二工程（２）において、原油スラッジ（Ａ）の加熱処理物の遠心分離を行うときの温度は、４０〜２００℃、好ましくは５０〜１５０℃、より好ましくは６０〜１００℃である。遠心分離温度が、上記範囲未満だと、遠心分離中に、原油スラッジ（Ａ）の加熱処理物の一部が凝固したり、加熱処理物の流動性が大きく低下したりするため、遠心分離が行えなくなり、また、上記範囲を超えると、加熱費用が高くなり、経済性が失われる。また、第二工程（２）において、原油スラッジ（Ａ）の加熱処理物の遠心分離を行うときの温度は、第一工程（２）における、原油スラッジ（Ａ）の加熱温度と同じにするか、あるいは、加熱温度より高くすることが、好ましい。 In the second step (2), the temperature at which the heat-treated product of the crude oil sludge (A) is centrifuged is 40 to 200 ° C, preferably 50 to 150 ° C, more preferably 60 to 100 ° C. If the centrifugation temperature is less than the above range, part of the heat-treated product of the crude oil sludge (A) is solidified or the fluidity of the heat-treated product is greatly reduced during the centrifugation. When it becomes impossible and exceeds the above range, the heating cost becomes high, and the economy is lost. Also, in the second step (2), is the temperature at which the heat-treated product of the crude oil sludge (A) is centrifuged set to the same as the heating temperature of the crude oil sludge (A) in the first step (2)? Alternatively, it is preferable that the temperature is higher than the heating temperature.
第一工程（２）を行い得られる原油スラッジ（Ａ）の加熱処理物は、比重が小さい軽液と軽液より比重が大きい重分の混合物であり、第二工程（２）では、比重差により軽液と重分とを分離する。そして、軽液は、原油スラッジ（Ａ）中の油分である。つまり、軽液は、基本的に原油スラッジ（Ａ）中の油分からなる。重分は、第一工程（２）での加熱により、油分より比重が大きい原油スラッジ（Ａ）中の成分であり、主に、アスファルテン、水分、鉄分、砂、及びこれら成分に抱き込まれて分離され難い状態にある油分などである。 The heat-treated product of crude oil sludge (A) obtained by performing the first step (2) is a mixture of a light liquid having a small specific gravity and a heavy component having a specific gravity larger than that of the light liquid. In the second step (2), the specific gravity difference To separate the light and heavy components. And a light liquid is an oil component in crude oil sludge (A). That is, the light liquid basically consists of oil in the crude oil sludge (A). The heavy component is a component in the crude oil sludge (A) having a specific gravity greater than that of the oil component due to heating in the first step (2), and is mainly entrapped in asphaltene, moisture, iron component, sand, and these components. Oils that are difficult to separate.
第二工程（２）において、加熱処理物を遠心分離するための遠心分離装置としては、特に制限されず、上記遠心分離温度を保ったまま、連続的に軽液と重分とを、比重の差により分離できるものであればよい。例えば、デカンター式遠心分離機、ディスクセパレータ式遠心分離機、又はこれらを組み合わせた遠心分離機が挙げられる。 In the second step (2), the centrifuge for centrifuging the heat-treated product is not particularly limited, and the light liquid and the heavy fraction are continuously mixed with the specific gravity while maintaining the above-mentioned centrifuge temperature. Any material that can be separated by the difference may be used. For example, a decanter type centrifuge, a disk separator type centrifuge, or a combination of these is available.
第二工程（２）を行い得られる軽液の物性は、特に制限されないが、密度は好ましくは０．８０〜０．９５ｇ／ｃｍ３、より好ましくは０．８０〜０．８８ｇ／ｃｍ３であり、融点は好ましくは４０〜１５０℃、より好ましくは４０〜１１０℃、さらに好ましくは４０〜９０℃であり、凝固点は好ましくは３０〜１４０℃、より好ましくは３０〜１００℃、さらに好ましくは３０〜８０℃であり、油分含有量は６０質量％以上である。The physical properties of the light liquid obtained by performing the second step (2) are not particularly limited, but the density is preferably 0.80 to 0.95 g / cm 3 , more preferably 0.80 to 0.88 g / cm 3 . The melting point is preferably 40 to 150 ° C, more preferably 40 to 110 ° C, still more preferably 40 to 90 ° C, and the freezing point is preferably 30 to 140 ° C, more preferably 30 to 100 ° C, and still more preferably 30. It is -80 degreeC and oil content is 60 mass% or more.
本発明の第二の形態の原油スラッジ中の油分の回収方法に係る第三工程（２）は、第二工程（２）を行い得られる軽液を融点以上の温度にし、融点以上の温度の軽液を原油移送管内の原油（Ｃ）に混合する工程である。軽液の温度が融点未満の温度だと、軽液を原油移送管内の原油（Ｃ）に混合し難くなる。第三工程（２）は、第三工程（１）とは、原油（Ｃ）に混合する軽液が、第三工程（２）では、第一工程（２）及び第二工程（２）を行い得られる軽液であるのに対し、第三工程（１）では、第一工程（１）及び第二工程（１）を行い得られる軽液であること以外は同様である。 In the third step (2) relating to the method for recovering oil in the crude sludge of the second aspect of the present invention, the light liquid obtained by performing the second step (2) is brought to a temperature higher than the melting point, In this process, the light liquid is mixed with the crude oil (C) in the crude oil transfer pipe. When the temperature of the light liquid is lower than the melting point, it becomes difficult to mix the light liquid with the crude oil (C) in the crude oil transfer pipe. The third step (2) is different from the third step (1) in that the light liquid to be mixed with the crude oil (C) is different from the first step (2) and the second step (2) in the third step (2). It is the same except that it is the light liquid obtained by performing the 1st process (1) and the 2nd process (1) in the 3rd process (1) to the light liquid obtained.
第三工程（２）では、軽液を混合する原油（Ｃ）は、特に制限されず、原油採掘後に固形分や水分等を除去し原油タンクに貯蔵する前の原油であってもよいし、原油採掘後に固形分や水分等を除去し原油タンクに貯蔵し間もない原油であり、原油スラッジが発生する前の原油であってもよいし、一定期間原油タンクに貯蔵することにより、原油タンクの底部に原油スラッジが発生した後の、原油タンク内の上澄みの原油であってもよい。原油（Ｃ）は、原油スラッジ（Ａ）の生成源の原油と同じ種類の原油であっても、異なる種類の原油であってもよい。 In the third step (2), the crude oil (C) in which the light liquid is mixed is not particularly limited, and may be crude oil before removing solids and moisture after crude oil mining and storing in the crude oil tank, Crude oil that has been solidly removed after being extracted and stored in a crude oil tank. It may be crude oil before crude oil sludge is generated, or it can be stored in the crude oil tank for a certain period. It may be the crude oil in the crude oil tank after the crude oil sludge is generated at the bottom. Crude oil (C) may be the same type of crude oil as the source of crude sludge (A) or a different type of crude oil.
原油スラッジ（Ａ）中の油分は、炭素数が４０以上と、分子量が大きい炭化水素が主であるため、軽液の温度が、第一工程（２）で加熱を行ったときの温度より低くなり過ぎると、軽液が凝固するか又は軽液の流動性が著しく低くなるため、第三工程（２）では、軽液を融点以上の温度にして、軽液を原油（Ｃ）に混合する。軽液の温度は、好ましくは凝固点以上の温度で、且つ４０〜２００℃、より好ましくは５０〜１５０℃、さらに好ましくは６０〜１００℃の範囲内である。 The oil content in the crude oil sludge (A) is mainly hydrocarbons having a carbon number of 40 or more and a large molecular weight. Therefore, the temperature of the light liquid is lower than the temperature when heating is performed in the first step (2). If it becomes too much, the light liquid is solidified or the fluidity of the light liquid becomes extremely low. In the third step (2), the light liquid is brought to a temperature higher than the melting point, and the light liquid is mixed with the crude oil (C). . The temperature of the light liquid is preferably a temperature equal to or higher than the freezing point, and is in the range of 40 to 200 ° C, more preferably 50 to 150 ° C, and further preferably 60 to 100 ° C.
第三工程（２）において、原油（Ｃ）に軽液を混合するときの原油（Ｃ）と軽液の温度の関係であるが、原油（Ｃ）の温度が軽液の温度以上の温度であるか、あるいは、原油（Ｃ）の温度が軽液の温度より低く且つ軽液の温度と原油（Ｃ）の温度の差が４０℃以内である。原油（Ｃ）の温度が軽液の温度より低い場合は、軽液の温度と原油（Ｃ）の温度の差が小さいほど、原油（Ｃ）に軽液が混合されたときに、原油（Ｃ）中での原油スラッジ（Ａ）の油分の析出が抑制されるか又は析出したとしても微細に析出し、スラッジの原因になり難くなるので、軽液の温度と原油（Ｃ）の温度の差が４０℃以内であることにより、原油（Ｃ）中での原油スラッジ（Ａ）の油分の析出が抑制されるか又は析出したとしても微細に析出し、スラッジの原因になり難くなるという効果を奏する。そして、原油（Ｃ）の温度が軽液の温度より低い場合、軽液の温度と原油（Ｃ）の温度の差は、好ましくは３０℃以内、より好ましくは２０℃以内、さらに好ましくは１０℃以内であることにより、原油（Ｃ）中での原油スラッジ（Ａ）の油分の析出が抑制されるか又は析出したとしても微細に析出し、スラッジの原因になり難くなるという効果が高くなる。また、原油（Ｃ）の温度が軽液の温度以上の温度である場合は、原油（Ｃ）に軽液が混合されたときに、原油（Ｃ）中での原油スラッジ（Ａ）の油分の析出が抑制されるか又は析出したとしても微細に析出し、スラッジの原因になり難くなるので、原油（Ｃ）の温度が軽液の温度以上の温度であることにより、原油（Ｃ）に軽液が混合されたときに、原油（Ｃ）中での原油スラッジ（Ａ）の油分の析出が抑制されるか又は析出したとしても微細に析出し、スラッジの原因になり難くなるという効果を奏する。そして、原油（Ｃ）の温度が軽液の温度以上の温度である場合、原油（Ｃ）の温度と軽液の温度の差は、好ましくは１０℃以内、より好ましくは５℃以内である。 In the third step (2), the temperature of the crude oil (C) and the light liquid when the crude liquid (C) is mixed with the light liquid. The temperature of the crude oil (C) is higher than the temperature of the light liquid. Or the temperature of the crude oil (C) is lower than the temperature of the light liquid and the difference between the temperature of the light liquid and the temperature of the crude oil (C) is within 40 ° C. When the temperature of the crude oil (C) is lower than the temperature of the light liquid, the smaller the difference between the temperature of the light liquid and the temperature of the crude oil (C), the more the crude oil (C) is mixed with the light liquid. ) The oil component of the crude oil sludge (A) is suppressed or deposited finely even if it is deposited, making it difficult to cause sludge, so the difference between the temperature of the light liquid and the temperature of the crude oil (C) Is within 40 ° C, the precipitation of the oil content of the crude oil sludge (A) in the crude oil (C) is suppressed, or even if it is precipitated, it is finely precipitated and is less likely to cause sludge. Play. When the temperature of the crude oil (C) is lower than the temperature of the light liquid, the difference between the temperature of the light liquid and the temperature of the crude oil (C) is preferably within 30 ° C, more preferably within 20 ° C, and even more preferably 10 ° C. If it is within the range, precipitation of the oil content of the crude oil sludge (A) in the crude oil (C) is suppressed or even if it is precipitated, the effect of being finely precipitated and hardly causing sludge is enhanced. Further, when the temperature of the crude oil (C) is equal to or higher than the temperature of the light liquid, when the light liquid is mixed with the crude oil (C), the oil content of the crude oil sludge (A) in the crude oil (C) Even if precipitation is suppressed, or even if it is precipitated, it is finely deposited and is unlikely to cause sludge. If the temperature of the crude oil (C) is higher than the temperature of the light liquid, the crude oil (C) When the liquid is mixed, the oil content of the crude oil sludge (A) in the crude oil (C) is suppressed or even if it is precipitated, the oil is finely precipitated and is less likely to cause sludge. . When the temperature of the crude oil (C) is equal to or higher than the temperature of the light liquid, the difference between the temperature of the crude oil (C) and the temperature of the light liquid is preferably within 10 ° C, more preferably within 5 ° C.
第三工程（２）において、原油移送管内を流れる原油（Ｃ）の温度は、上記の原油（Ｃ）の温度と軽液の温度の関係を満たすが、原油（Ｃ）の温度が高過ぎると、軽質留分の損失によるデメリットが発生するので、原油（Ｃ）の温度は、６０℃以下が好ましく、５０℃以下がより好ましい。 In the third step (2), the temperature of the crude oil (C) flowing in the crude oil transfer pipe satisfies the relationship between the temperature of the crude oil (C) and the temperature of the light liquid, but if the temperature of the crude oil (C) is too high Since disadvantages due to loss of light fractions occur, the temperature of the crude oil (C) is preferably 60 ° C. or less, and more preferably 50 ° C. or less.
第三工程（２）においては、原油移送管内の原油（Ｃ）に軽液を混合することにより、原油（Ｃ）に軽液を混合する。つまり、原油移送管内を流れている状態の原油（Ｃ）に軽液を混合する。そして、第三工程（２）では、流れている状態の原油（Ｃ）に軽液を混合することにより、原油（Ｃ）中で析出した原油スラッジ（Ａ）の油分が凝集する前に、析出した原油スラッジ（Ａ）の油分を、原油（Ｃ）中に速やかに分散させることができるので、原油（Ｃ）中でスラッジを生じ難くさせることができる。一方、軽液を、流れていない原油、例えば、原油タンク内の原油に直接添加し混合すると、原油（Ｃ）中で析出した原油スラッジ（Ａ）の油分が、原油（Ｃ）中に分散し難いので、原油スラッジ（Ａ）の油分がスラッジを形成し難い微細な析出物となったとしても、直後に凝集してしまうため、原油（Ｃ）中でスラッジが生じ易くなる。 In the third step (2), the light liquid is mixed with the crude oil (C) by mixing the light liquid with the crude oil (C) in the crude oil transfer pipe. That is, the light liquid is mixed with the crude oil (C) that is flowing through the crude oil transfer pipe. In the third step (2), by mixing the light liquid with the flowing crude oil (C), the oil component of the crude oil sludge (A) precipitated in the crude oil (C) is agglomerated. Since the oil content of the crude oil sludge (A) can be quickly dispersed in the crude oil (C), sludge can be made difficult to occur in the crude oil (C). On the other hand, when light liquid is directly added to and mixed with crude oil not flowing, for example, crude oil in a crude oil tank, the oil content of crude oil sludge (A) precipitated in crude oil (C) is dispersed in crude oil (C). Since it is difficult, even if the oil content of the crude oil sludge (A) becomes a fine precipitate that is difficult to form a sludge, the oil is agglomerated immediately after that, so that the sludge is easily generated in the crude oil (C).
軽液を原油移送管内の原油（Ｃ）に混合する方法としては、ラインミキシング、スタティックミキサー、インジェクションノズル、ミキシングバルブ等による混合が挙げられる。 Examples of the method of mixing the light liquid with the crude oil (C) in the crude oil transfer pipe include mixing with a line mixing, a static mixer, an injection nozzle, a mixing valve, and the like.
第三工程（２）において、原油（Ｃ）への軽液の混合量は、原油（Ｃ）１００体積部に対し、好ましくは４５体積部以下、より好ましくは２〜１５体積部である。原油（Ｃ）への軽液の混合量が上記範囲にあることにより、原油（Ｃ）中でスラッジが生じ難くなる。 In the third step (2), the amount of light liquid mixed with the crude oil (C) is preferably 45 parts by volume or less, more preferably 2 to 15 parts by volume with respect to 100 parts by volume of the crude oil (C). When the amount of light liquid mixed with crude oil (C) is in the above range, sludge is less likely to occur in crude oil (C).
第三工程（２）において、原油移送管内を流れる原油（Ｃ）の線速度は、好ましくは１ｃｍ／秒以上、より好ましくは４ｃｍ／秒以上、さらに好ましくは６ｃｍ／秒以上である。原油移送管内を流れる原油（Ｃ）の線速度が上記範囲にあることにより、原油（Ｃ）中で析出した原油スラッジ（Ａ）の油分が分散し易くなるので、原油（Ｃ）中でスラッジが生じ難くなる。なお、原油移送管内を流れる原油（Ｃ）の線速度に上限値はないが、通常の原油移送配管内の原油の線速度は５００ｃｍ／秒以下となることが多い。 In the third step (2), the linear velocity of the crude oil (C) flowing through the crude oil transfer pipe is preferably 1 cm / second or more, more preferably 4 cm / second or more, and further preferably 6 cm / second or more. Since the linear velocity of the crude oil (C) flowing in the crude oil transfer pipe is in the above range, the oil content of the crude oil sludge (A) precipitated in the crude oil (C) is easily dispersed. It becomes difficult to occur. There is no upper limit for the linear velocity of crude oil (C) flowing in the crude oil transfer pipe, but the linear velocity of crude oil in the normal crude oil transfer pipe is often 500 cm / second or less.
そして、第三工程（２）を行うことにより、軽液を原油（Ｃ）に混合させた原油（Ｅ）を得る。 And the crude oil (E) which mixed the light liquid with the crude oil (C) is obtained by performing a 3rd process (2).
本発明の原油（Ｅ）は、原油スラッジ（Ａ）を４０〜２００℃で加熱し、原油スラッジ（Ａ）の加熱処理物を得る第一工程（２）と、
該加熱処理物を４０〜２００℃で遠心分離することにより、軽液と重分とを分離して、軽液を得る第二工程（２）と、
該軽液の温度を融点以上の温度にし、融点以上の温度の軽液を原油移送管内の原油（Ｃ）に混合する工程であり、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度以上の温度であるか、あるいは、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度より低く且つ該軽液の温度と該原油（Ｃ）の温度の差が４０℃以内である第三工程（２）と、
を行い得られる原油である。The crude oil (E) of the present invention is a first step (2) in which the crude oil sludge (A) is heated at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain a heat-treated product of the crude oil sludge (A),
A second step (2) of separating the light liquid and the heavy liquid by centrifuging the heat-treated product at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain a light liquid;
The temperature of the light liquid is set to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point, and the light liquid having a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point is mixed with the crude oil (C) in the crude oil transfer pipe. A third step (2) in which the temperature of the crude oil (C) is lower than the temperature of the light liquid and the difference between the temperature of the light liquid and the temperature of the crude oil (C) is within 40 ° C. When,
It is a crude oil that can be obtained.
本発明の原油（Ｅ）に係る原油スラッジ（Ａ）、原油スラッジ（Ａ）の加熱処理物、第一工程（２）、遠心分離、軽液、重分、第二工程（２）、第三工程（２）は、本発明の第二の形態の原油スラッジ中の油分の回収方法に係る原油スラッジ（Ａ）、原油スラッジ（Ａ）の加熱処理物、第一工程（２）、遠心分離、軽液、重分、第二工程（２）、第三工程（２）と同様である。 Crude oil sludge (A) according to the present invention (E), heat-treated product of crude oil sludge (A), first step (2), centrifugation, light liquid, heavy fraction, second step (2), third Step (2) includes crude oil sludge (A), a heat-treated product of crude oil sludge (A), a first treatment (2), centrifugation, It is the same as the light liquid, the heavy component, the second step (2), and the third step (2).
本発明の原油（Ｄ）は、第一工程（１）と、第二工程（１）と、第三工程（１）と、を行い得られたものなので、原油タンク内で貯蔵したときに、原油スラッジが発生し難い。また、本発明の原油（Ｅ）は、第一工程（２）と、第二工程（２）と、第三工程（２）と、を行い得られたものなので、原油タンク内で貯蔵したときに、原油スラッジが発生し難い。 Since the crude oil (D) of the present invention was obtained by performing the first step (1), the second step (1), and the third step (1), when stored in the crude oil tank, Crude oil sludge is unlikely to occur. Moreover, since the crude oil (E) of the present invention was obtained by performing the first step (2), the second step (2), and the third step (2), when stored in the crude oil tank In addition, crude oil sludge is unlikely to occur.
本発明の第一の形態の原油スラッジ中の油分の回収方法では、第一工程（１）と第二工程（１）とを行い、原油スラッジ（Ａ）中の油分を原油（Ｂ）に溶解させ、遠心分離で、軽液、すなわち、原油スラッジ（Ａ）中の油分が溶解している原油（Ｂ）を、重分、すなわち、原油スラッジ（Ａ）中の油分以外の成分から分離することにより、原油スラッジ（Ａ）中から油分を回収することができる。また、本発明の第二の形態の原油スラッジ中の油分の回収方法では、第一工程（２）と第二工程（２）とを行い、原油スラッジ（Ａ）中の油分を、遠心分離で、軽液として、重分、すなわち、原油スラッジ（Ａ）中の油分以外の成分から分離することにより、原油スラッジ（Ａ）中から油分を回収することができる。 In the method for recovering oil in the crude sludge according to the first aspect of the present invention, the first step (1) and the second step (1) are performed, and the oil in the crude sludge (A) is dissolved in the crude oil (B). The crude oil (B) in which the light liquid, that is, the oil component in the crude oil sludge (A) is dissolved is separated from the heavy component, ie, the components other than the oil component in the crude oil sludge (A) by centrifugation. Thus, the oil component can be recovered from the crude oil sludge (A). In the method for recovering oil in the crude sludge according to the second aspect of the present invention, the first step (2) and the second step (2) are performed, and the oil in the crude sludge (A) is centrifuged. The oil component can be recovered from the crude oil sludge (A) as a light liquid by separating it from the heavy component, that is, the components other than the oil component in the crude oil sludge (A).
ここで、原油スラッジ（Ａ）中の油分は、原油の貯蔵温度（通常、２０〜４０℃である。）では、原油（Ｂ）には溶解できないため、第二工程（１）又は第二工程（２）を行い得られる軽液を、原油タンクに直接戻すと、軽液が原油タンク中の原油に接触すると同時に、軽液中に溶解していた原油スラッジ（Ａ）中の油分が大きな固体となって析出し、大きな析出物が生じてしまうので、再びスラッジとなってしまう。 Here, the oil content in the crude oil sludge (A) cannot be dissolved in the crude oil (B) at the storage temperature of the crude oil (usually 20 to 40 ° C.), so the second process (1) or the second process. When the light liquid obtained in (2) is returned directly to the crude oil tank, the light liquid comes into contact with the crude oil in the crude oil tank, and at the same time, the oil in the crude oil sludge (A) dissolved in the light liquid is solid. It precipitates and a large precipitate is formed, so that it becomes sludge again.
そこで、本発明の原油スラッジ中の油分の回収方法では、第三工程（１）又は第三工程（２）を行うことにより、すなわち、軽液を融点以上の温度にして且つ軽液の温度以上の温度の原油（Ｃ）又は軽液の温度よりは低く軽液との温度差が４０℃以内である原油（Ｃ）に、混合することにより、原油（Ｃ）中での原油スラッジ（Ａ）の油分の析出が抑制されるか又は析出したとしても微細に析出し、スラッジの原因となり難くでき、且つ、原油（Ｃ）が流れている状態で、軽液を原油（Ｃ）に混合することにより、原油（Ｃ）中で析出した原油スラッジ（Ａ）の油分が凝集する前に、原油スラッジ（Ａ）中の油分を原油（Ｃ）に分散させることができるので、原油スラッジ（Ａ）中の油分が、原油（Ｃ）中でスラッジとなり難くすることができる。 Therefore, in the method for recovering oil in the crude oil sludge of the present invention, the third step (1) or the third step (2) is performed, that is, the light liquid is brought to a temperature higher than the melting point and higher than the temperature of the light liquid. Crude oil sludge (A) in crude oil (C) by mixing it with crude oil (C) or a crude oil (C) that is lower than the temperature of light liquid and within 40 ° C. Even if the oil content of the oil is suppressed or precipitated, it will be finely precipitated, making it difficult to cause sludge, and mixing the light liquid with the crude oil (C) while the crude oil (C) is flowing. As a result, the oil content in the crude oil sludge (A) can be dispersed in the crude oil (C) before the oil content of the crude oil sludge (A) precipitated in the crude oil (C) is agglomerated. Can make it harder to become sludge in crude oil (C). That.
以下に実施例を示して本発明を更に具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれに制限されるものではない。 The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
＜原油スラッジ（Ａ）＞
原油タンクから回収された原油スラッジａ
分析値：油分７５．１質量％、アスファルテン分１０．３質量％、水分１１．０質量％、セジメント分３．６質量％
＜原油（Ｂ）＞
以下の分析値を有する原油ｂ
ＡＰＩ ３０．３°、水泥分 ０体積％
＜原油（Ｃ）＞
上記原油ｂを、原油（Ｃ）として用いた。<Crude oil sludge (A)>
Crude oil sludge recovered from crude oil tank a
Analytical values: oil content 75.1% by mass, asphaltene content 10.3% by mass, moisture 11.0% by mass, sediment content 3.6% by mass
<Crude oil (B)>
Crude oil b with the following analytical value
API 30.3 °, water mud content 0 volume%
<Crude oil (C)>
The crude oil b was used as crude oil (C).
(実施例１〜４)
原油スラッジａと原油ｂとを、その合計に対する原油スラッジａの割合が７０質量％になるように撹拌容器に加え、混合物を８０℃で加熱撹拌した。
次いで、８０℃を保ったまま、加熱撹拌処理物を、８０℃に設定された遠心分離器に入れ、８０℃、１０００Ｇ、１分間の条件で、遠心分離を行った。
次いで、デカンテーションにより、軽液を分離し、軽液を得た。得られた軽液の分析値を表１に示す。
次いで、表１に示す各線速度で流れている５０℃の原油ｂに、８０℃に加温した軽液を表１に示す各割合で混合し、混合物（混合試料）を得た。混合方法は図１に示す通りである。
次いで、得られた混合物を３５℃で５日間静置し、堆積したスラッジ量、スラッジを除いた原油分のＡＰＩ及び水泥分を測定した。その結果を表１に示す。(Examples 1-4)
Crude oil sludge a and crude oil b were added to a stirring vessel so that the ratio of crude oil sludge a to the total was 70% by mass, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 80 ° C.
Next, while maintaining the temperature at 80 ° C., the heat-stirred product was put into a centrifuge set at 80 ° C. and centrifuged at 80 ° C., 1000 G for 1 minute.
Subsequently, the light liquid was separated by decantation to obtain a light liquid. The analysis values of the obtained light liquid are shown in Table 1.
Subsequently, the light liquid heated at 80 degreeC was mixed with the 50 degreeC crude oil b currently flowing at each linear velocity shown in Table 1 in each ratio shown in Table 1, and the mixture (mixed sample) was obtained. The mixing method is as shown in FIG.
Next, the obtained mixture was allowed to stand at 35 ° C. for 5 days, and the amount of accumulated sludge, the API of crude oil excluding the sludge, and the water mud content were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
＜堆積スラッジ量の測定方法＞
１００ｍＬの遠沈管に、試料１００ｍＬを入れ、３５℃で５日間静置した。次いで、遠沈管を傾け、１５秒間かけて上澄みを捨て、更に、遠沈管を逆さまにして、３０秒間静置した。次いで、遠沈管を元に戻し、８０℃で６０分間静置し、遠沈管内に残ったスラッジの量を測定した。<Measurement method of accumulated sludge amount>
A 100 mL sample was placed in a 100 mL centrifuge tube and allowed to stand at 35 ° C. for 5 days. Next, the centrifuge tube was tilted, the supernatant was discarded over 15 seconds, and the centrifuge tube was turned upside down and allowed to stand for 30 seconds. Next, the centrifuge tube was returned to its original position and allowed to stand at 80 ° C. for 60 minutes, and the amount of sludge remaining in the centrifuge tube was measured.
（比較例１及び２）
表１に示す各線速度で流れている３０℃の原油ｂに、８０℃に加温した軽液を表１に示す各割合で混合し、混合物（混合試料）を得た。なお、軽液は実施例と同様の方法で調製した。
次いで、得られた混合物を、３５℃で５日間静置し、堆積したスラッジ量、スラッジを除いた原油分のＡＰＩ及び水泥分を測定した。その結果を表１に示す。(Comparative Examples 1 and 2)
A light liquid heated to 80 ° C. was mixed with 30 ° C. crude oil b flowing at each linear velocity shown in Table 1 at each ratio shown in Table 1 to obtain a mixture (mixed sample). The light liquid was prepared in the same manner as in the examples.
Next, the obtained mixture was allowed to stand at 35 ° C. for 5 days, and the amount of accumulated sludge, the API of the crude oil excluding the sludge, and the water mud were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
（比較例３）
容器内で静置した３０℃の原油ｂに、８０℃に加温した軽液を表１に示す割合で撹拌せずに添加混合した。なお、軽液は実施例と同様の方法で調製した。
次いで、得られた混合物を、３５℃で５日間静置し、堆積したスラッジ量、スラッジを除いた原油分のＡＰＩ及び水泥分を測定した。その結果を表１に示す。(Comparative Example 3)
A light liquid heated to 80 ° C. was added and mixed at a rate shown in Table 1 without stirring with 30 ° C. crude oil b that was allowed to stand in the container. The light liquid was prepared in the same manner as in the examples.
Next, the obtained mixture was allowed to stand at 35 ° C. for 5 days, and the amount of accumulated sludge, the API of the crude oil excluding the sludge, and the water mud were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
Claims (7)
該加熱撹拌処理物を４０〜２００℃で遠心分離することにより、軽液と重分とを分離して、軽液を得る第二工程（１）と、
該軽液の温度を融点以上の温度にし、融点以上の温度の軽液を原油移送管内の原油（Ｃ）に混合する工程であり、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度以上の温度であるか、あるいは、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度より低く且つ該軽液の温度と該原油（Ｃ）の温度の差が４０℃以内である第三工程（１）と、
を有することを特徴とする原油スラッジ中の油分の回収方法。Crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B) are mixed so that the ratio of crude oil sludge (A) to the sum of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B) is 20 to 95% by mass, and , A first step (1) in which a mixture of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B) is heated and stirred at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain a heated and stirred processed product of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B);
A second step (1) for separating the light liquid and the heavy component by centrifuging the heated and stirred product at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain a light liquid;
The temperature of the light liquid is set to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point, and the light liquid having a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point is mixed with the crude oil (C) in the crude oil transfer pipe, and the temperature of the crude oil (C) is higher than the temperature of the light liquid. A third step (1) in which the temperature of the crude oil (C) is lower than the temperature of the light liquid and the difference between the temperature of the light liquid and the temperature of the crude oil (C) is within 40 ° C. When,
A method for recovering an oil content in crude oil sludge.
該加熱処理物を４０〜２００℃で遠心分離することにより、軽液と重分とを分離して、軽液を得る第二工程（２）と、
該軽液の温度を融点以上の温度にし、融点以上の温度の軽液を原油移送管内の原油（Ｃ）に混合する工程であり、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度以上の温度であるか、あるいは、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度より低く且つ該軽液の温度と該原油（Ｃ）の温度の差が４０℃以内である第三工程（２）と、
を有することを特徴とする原油スラッジ中の油分の回収方法。A first step (2) for heating the crude sludge (A) at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain a heat-treated product of the crude sludge (A);
A second step (2) of separating the light liquid and the heavy liquid by centrifuging the heat-treated product at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain a light liquid;
The temperature of the light liquid is set to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point, and the light liquid having a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point is mixed with the crude oil (C) in the crude oil transfer pipe. A third step (2) in which the temperature of the crude oil (C) is lower than the temperature of the light liquid and the difference between the temperature of the light liquid and the temperature of the crude oil (C) is within 40 ° C. When,
A method for recovering an oil content in crude oil sludge.
該加熱撹拌処理物を４０〜２００℃で遠心分離することにより、軽液と重分とを分離して、軽液を得る第二工程（１）と、
該軽液の温度を融点以上の温度にし、融点以上の温度の軽液を原油移送管内の原油（Ｃ）に混合する工程であり、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度以上の温度であるか、あるいは、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度より低く且つ該軽液の温度と該原油（Ｃ）の温度の差が４０℃以内である第三工程（１）と、
を行い得られる原油（Ｄ）。Crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B) are mixed so that the ratio of crude oil sludge (A) to the sum of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B) is 20 to 95% by mass, and , A first step (1) in which a mixture of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B) is heated and stirred at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain a heated and stirred processed product of crude oil sludge (A) and crude oil (B);
A second step (1) for separating the light liquid and the heavy component by centrifuging the heated and stirred product at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain a light liquid;
The temperature of the light liquid is set to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point, and the light liquid having a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point is mixed with the crude oil (C) in the crude oil transfer pipe, and the temperature of the crude oil (C) is higher than the temperature of the light liquid. A third step (1) in which the temperature of the crude oil (C) is lower than the temperature of the light liquid and the difference between the temperature of the light liquid and the temperature of the crude oil (C) is within 40 ° C. When,
Crude oil (D) obtained by
該加熱処理物を４０〜２００℃で遠心分離することにより、軽液と重分とを分離して、軽液を得る第二工程（２）と、
該軽液の温度を融点以上の温度にし、融点以上の温度の軽液を原油移送管内の原油（Ｃ）に混合する工程であり、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度以上の温度であるか、あるいは、該原油（Ｃ）の温度が該軽液の温度より低く且つ該軽液の温度と該原油（Ｃ）の温度の差が４０℃以内である第三工程（２）と、
を行い得られる原油（Ｅ）。A first step (2) for heating the crude sludge (A) at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain a heat-treated product of the crude sludge (A);
A second step (2) of separating the light liquid and the heavy liquid by centrifuging the heat-treated product at 40 to 200 ° C. to obtain a light liquid;
The temperature of the light liquid is set to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point, and the light liquid having a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point is mixed with the crude oil (C) in the crude oil transfer pipe. A third step (2) in which the temperature of the crude oil (C) is lower than the temperature of the light liquid and the difference between the temperature of the light liquid and the temperature of the crude oil (C) is within 40 ° C. When,
Crude oil (E) obtained by
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| JP2002338969A (en) * | 2001-02-20 | 2002-11-27 | Sk Corp | Method for removing sludge from crude oil tank and recovering oil from removed sludge |
| JP2005349240A (en) * | 2004-06-08 | 2005-12-22 | Cosmo Oil Co Ltd | Method for treating sludge |
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| JP2005349240A (en) * | 2004-06-08 | 2005-12-22 | Cosmo Oil Co Ltd | Method for treating sludge |
| JP2012229403A (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2012-11-22 | System Kikou Co Ltd | Recovery device for oil component in crude oil sludge |
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