JPWO2010061877A1 - Mineral absorption improving agent and mineral absorption improving method - Google Patents
Mineral absorption improving agent and mineral absorption improving method Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2010061877A1 JPWO2010061877A1 JP2010540500A JP2010540500A JPWO2010061877A1 JP WO2010061877 A1 JPWO2010061877 A1 JP WO2010061877A1 JP 2010540500 A JP2010540500 A JP 2010540500A JP 2010540500 A JP2010540500 A JP 2010540500A JP WO2010061877 A1 JPWO2010061877 A1 JP WO2010061877A1
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- Prior art keywords
- improving agent
- mineral absorption
- oligosaccharide
- mineral
- absorption improving
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Abstract
安全性および味覚性に優れ、長期摂取が可能であり、ミネラルの吸収を改善させることのできるミネラル吸収改善剤を提供する。オリゴ糖および発酵乳製品を有効成分として含有する、ミネラル吸収改善剤。オリゴ糖と発酵乳製品の相乗効果によって、従来よりもオリゴ糖を小さな含有率で含む組成物を用いて、ミネラル、特に亜鉛の吸収を改善することができる。オリゴ糖として、酸性下でも分解しにくいガラクトオリゴ糖を用いることによって、酸性の食品、医薬品等の組成物中に含ませることが可能である。Disclosed is a mineral absorption improving agent that is excellent in safety and taste, can be taken for a long time, and can improve mineral absorption. A mineral absorption improving agent comprising an oligosaccharide and a fermented milk product as active ingredients. Due to the synergistic effect of oligosaccharides and fermented dairy products, the absorption of minerals, especially zinc, can be improved using compositions containing oligosaccharides at a lower content than before. By using a galactooligosaccharide that is difficult to decompose even under acidic conditions, it can be included in a composition such as an acidic food or pharmaceutical.
Description
本発明は、オリゴ糖および発酵乳製品を有効成分として含有するミネラル吸収改善剤、およびミネラル吸収改善方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a mineral absorption improving agent containing an oligosaccharide and a fermented milk product as active ingredients, and a mineral absorption improving method.
現在、日本において、ミネラルの摂取量が推定平均必要量に達していない人の割合は、非常に多い。特に亜鉛の摂取量は、日本人の30〜40%が推定平均必要量に達していないと推定されている（非特許文献１）。また、近年、日本において潜在的な亜鉛欠乏症患者が非常に多いことが指摘され、亜鉛の栄養状態の改善が重要視されはじめている（非特許文献２）。亜鉛の欠乏症としては、発育遅延・異常、性機能不全、貧血、免疫不全、皮膚障害、下痢、創傷治癒遅延、褥瘡発症・治癒遅延、食欲不振・減退、味覚障害、舌痛、耐糖能低下などが知られている（非特許文献２）。亜鉛欠乏症の予防および改善には、亜鉛摂取量を増大させること、および、亜鉛の吸収率を増大させることが重要であると考えられる。一方で、多量の亜鉛の摂取は、銅などの微量元素の利用性を阻害することが知られている（非特許文献３）。そのため、亜鉛の栄養状態を改善するためには、亜鉛の吸収率を増大させることが、より望ましいと考えられる。 Currently, in Japan, the percentage of people whose mineral intake has not reached the estimated average requirement is very high. In particular, it is estimated that the intake of zinc does not reach the estimated average required amount of 30-40% of Japanese (Non-patent Document 1). In recent years, it has been pointed out that there are a large number of potential zinc deficiency patients in Japan, and improvement in the nutritional status of zinc has begun to be emphasized (Non-Patent Document 2). Zinc deficiency includes growth retardation / abnormality, sexual dysfunction, anemia, immune deficiency, skin disorders, diarrhea, delayed wound healing, pressure ulcer onset / healing delay, loss of appetite / decrease, taste disorder, tongue pain, impaired glucose tolerance, etc. Is known (Non-Patent Document 2). To prevent and ameliorate zinc deficiency, increasing zinc intake and increasing zinc absorption are considered important. On the other hand, it is known that intake of a large amount of zinc inhibits the availability of trace elements such as copper (Non-patent Document 3). Therefore, in order to improve the nutritional state of zinc, it is considered more desirable to increase the zinc absorption rate.
フラクトオリゴ糖、イヌリン、ガラクトオリゴ糖等の難消化性糖類はミネラルの吸収率を増大させることが知られている（特許文献１〜６、非特許文献４）。例えば、ガラクトオリゴ糖は胃の切除の手術後のミネラル補給に有用であることが知られている（特許文献３）。
亜鉛吸収改善物質を用いて亜鉛の吸収率を増大させるという報告も、数が少ないものの、存在する。例えば、難消化性糖類であるフラクトオリゴ糖（非特許文献５）、フラクトオリゴ糖およびイヌリンの混合物（非特許文献６）、イヌリン（非特許文献７）の各々は亜鉛の吸収率を増大させることが報告されている。しかし、これらの亜鉛吸収改善物質の投与量は、カルシウムなどの吸収率を改善する場合のミネラル吸収改善物質の投与量に比べて大きく、食品組成物などの摂取媒体の飼料中の含有率でそれぞれ10質量％、10質量％、7.5質量％である。それより少ない投与量では、亜鉛の吸収に影響を及ぼさないことが報告されている（非特許文献８）。また、ガラクトオリゴ糖に関しては、亜鉛の吸収を増大させるという報告はない。オリゴ糖等の難消化性糖類は、投与量の増大に伴い、下痢等の胃腸症状の発生率が増大する（非特許文献９、１０）。そのため、より少ない投与量で亜鉛などのミネラルの吸収促進効果を発揮することが望ましいと考えられる。
なお、フラクトオリゴ糖は強酸性下で加水分解されること（非特許文献１１）、および、ガラクトオリゴ糖は酸性条件下や加熱条件下において分解等による減衰を生じにくい性質を有すること（非特許文献１２）が報告されている。
ミネラルの吸収に影響を与える因子としては、そのミネラル自体の摂取量・溶解性、他のミネラル、ビタミン、タンパク質等の栄養因子などが挙げられることが報告されている（非特許文献１３および非特許文献１４）。It is known that indigestible saccharides such as fructooligosaccharide, inulin and galactooligosaccharide increase the absorption rate of minerals (Patent Documents 1 to 6, Non-Patent Document 4). For example, galactooligosaccharides are known to be useful for mineral supplementation after surgery for gastrectomy (Patent Document 3).
There are reports of increasing the absorption rate of zinc using a substance that improves zinc absorption, although there are few reports. For example, it has been reported that fructooligosaccharides (Non-patent Document 5), a mixture of fructooligosaccharides and inulin (Non-Patent Document 6), and inulin (Non-Patent Document 7), which are indigestible saccharides, increase the absorption rate of zinc. Has been. However, the dosage of these zinc absorption improving substances is larger than the dosage of mineral absorption improving substances in the case of improving the absorption rate of calcium, etc. They are 10 mass%, 10 mass%, and 7.5 mass%. It has been reported that doses smaller than that do not affect the absorption of zinc (Non-patent Document 8). Moreover, there is no report about increasing zinc absorption regarding galactooligosaccharide. Indigestible saccharides such as oligosaccharides increase the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea with increasing dose (
In addition, fructooligosaccharides are hydrolyzed under strong acidity (Non-patent Document 11), and galactooligosaccharides have the property of hardly causing decay due to degradation under acidic conditions or heating conditions (Non-Patent Document 12). ) Has been reported.
It has been reported that factors affecting the absorption of minerals include intake / solubility of the mineral itself, nutritional factors such as other minerals, vitamins, proteins, and the like (Non-Patent Document 13 and Non-Patent Documents). Reference 14).
本発明の目的は、食品組成物、医薬組成物などの摂取媒体の形態で用いた場合に、該摂取媒体の固形分全量中の含有率が従来よりも低いにもかかわらず、ミネラル吸収促進効果を発揮することのできるミネラル吸収改善剤、およびミネラル吸収改善方法を提供することである。 An object of the present invention is to promote mineral absorption when used in the form of an ingestion medium such as a food composition or a pharmaceutical composition, even though the content of the ingestion medium in the total solid content is lower than that in the past. It is providing the mineral absorption improving agent which can exhibit, and a mineral absorption improvement method.
本発明者は、オリゴ糖および発酵乳製品を有効成分として含有するミネラル吸収改善剤によれば、本発明の上記目的を達成しうることを見出し、本発明を完成した。 The present inventor has found that the above object of the present invention can be achieved by a mineral absorption improving agent containing an oligosaccharide and a fermented milk product as active ingredients, and has completed the present invention.
すなわち、本発明は、以下の［１］〜［１５］を提供するものである。
［１］オリゴ糖および発酵乳製品を有効成分として含有する、ミネラル吸収改善剤。
［２］上記オリゴ糖が、ガラクトースを構成糖として含むオリゴ糖である、前記［１］に記載のミネラル吸収改善剤。
［３］上記ガラクトースを構成糖として含むオリゴ糖が、ガラクトオリゴ糖である、前記［２］に記載のミネラル吸収改善剤。
［４］上記発酵乳製品が、Lactobacillus属に属する乳酸菌およびStreptococcus属に属する乳酸菌によって、乳を発酵させて得たものである、前記［１］〜［３］のいずれか１つに記載のミネラル吸収改善剤。
［５］上記発酵乳製品が非熟成チーズである、前記［１］〜［４］のいずれか１つに記載のミネラル吸収改善剤。
［６］吸収改善の対象物であるミネラルが、亜鉛である、前記［１］〜［５］のいずれか１つに記載のミネラル吸収改善剤。
［７］さらに亜鉛を含有する、前記［１］〜［６］のいずれか１つに記載のミネラル吸収改善剤。
［８］食品組成物である、前記［１］〜［７］のいずれか１つに記載のミネラル吸収改善剤。
［９］医薬組成物である、前記［１］〜［７］のいずれか１つに記載のミネラル吸収改善剤。
［１０］上記ミネラル吸収改善剤の固形分全量中の上記オリゴ糖の含有率が、1.0〜7.0質量％であり、かつ、上記発酵乳製品／上記オリゴ糖の質量比（固形分換算値）が、1.0〜49.0である、前記［１］〜［９］のいずれか１つに記載のミネラル吸収改善剤。
［１１］上記発酵乳製品／上記オリゴ糖の質量比（固形分換算値）が、1.0〜30.0である、前記［１０］に記載のミネラル吸収改善剤。
［１２］上記発酵乳製品／上記オリゴ糖の質量比（固形分換算値）が、1.0〜9.0である、前記［１１］に記載のミネラル吸収改善剤。
［１３］上記発酵乳製品／上記オリゴ糖の質量比（固形分換算値）が、3.0〜8.0である、前記［１２］に記載のミネラル吸収改善剤。
［１４］胃酸分泌が低下した者のミネラル吸収を改善するために用いられる、前記［１］〜［１３］のいずれか１つに記載のミネラル吸収改善剤。
［１５］オリゴ糖および発酵乳製品を同時にヒトに摂取させる、ミネラル吸収改善方法。That is, the present invention provides the following [1] to [15].
[1] A mineral absorption improving agent comprising an oligosaccharide and a fermented milk product as active ingredients.
[2] The mineral absorption improving agent according to [1], wherein the oligosaccharide is an oligosaccharide containing galactose as a constituent sugar.
[3] The mineral absorption improving agent according to [2], wherein the oligosaccharide containing galactose as a constituent sugar is a galactooligosaccharide.
[4] The mineral according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the fermented milk product is obtained by fermenting milk with a lactic acid bacterium belonging to the genus Lactobacillus and a lactic acid bacterium belonging to the genus Streptococcus. Absorption improver.
[5] The mineral absorption improving agent according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the fermented milk product is non-aged cheese.
[6] The mineral absorption improving agent according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the mineral that is an object of absorption improvement is zinc.
[7] The mineral absorption improving agent according to any one of [1] to [6], further containing zinc.
[8] The mineral absorption improving agent according to any one of [1] to [7], which is a food composition.
[9] The mineral absorption improving agent according to any one of [1] to [7], which is a pharmaceutical composition.
[10] The content of the oligosaccharide in the total solid content of the mineral absorption improver is 1.0 to 7.0% by mass, and the mass ratio of fermented dairy product / oligosaccharide (in terms of solid content) is 1.0 to 49.0, The mineral absorption improving agent according to any one of [1] to [9].
[11] The mineral absorption improving agent according to [10], wherein a mass ratio (solid content converted value) of the fermented milk product / the oligosaccharide is 1.0 to 30.0.
[12] The mineral absorption improving agent according to [11] above, wherein the fermented dairy product / oligosaccharide mass ratio (solid content conversion value) is 1.0 to 9.0.
[13] The mineral absorption improving agent according to [12] above, wherein the fermented milk product / oligosaccharide mass ratio (solid content conversion value) is 3.0 to 8.0.
[14] The mineral absorption improving agent according to any one of [1] to [13], which is used for improving mineral absorption of a person whose gastric acid secretion is decreased.
[15] A method for improving mineral absorption, which allows a human to simultaneously receive an oligosaccharide and a fermented milk product.
本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤は、オリゴ糖と発酵乳製品の相乗効果によって、ミネラル、特に亜鉛の吸収促進効果を発揮することができる。
より具体的には、本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤は、食品組成物、医薬組成物などの摂取媒体の形態で用いた場合に、該摂取媒体の固形分全量中の含有率を、従来よりも低く、例えば7.0質量％以下に定めても、ミネラル吸収促進効果を発揮することができる。
また、本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤は、必須成分として、人類による長い食経験により安全性及び味覚性に優れることが確認されているオリゴ糖及び発酵乳製品のみを含有するので、副作用の問題がなく、長期摂取が可能である。
さらに、本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤は、オリゴ糖として、酸性条件下での分解等による減衰が生じにくい性質を有するオリゴ糖、例えばガラクトオリゴ糖を用いる場合には、酸性の食品組成物または医薬組成物の形態で用いることが可能である。The mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention can exert an effect of promoting the absorption of minerals, particularly zinc, by the synergistic effect of the oligosaccharide and the fermented milk product.
More specifically, when the mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention is used in the form of an ingestion medium such as a food composition or a pharmaceutical composition, the content in the total solid content of the ingestion medium is higher than before. Even if it is low, for example, it is set to 7.0% by mass or less, the effect of promoting mineral absorption can be exhibited.
In addition, since the mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention contains only oligosaccharides and fermented milk products that have been confirmed to be excellent in safety and taste as a result of a long dietary experience by mankind, there is a problem of side effects. And long-term intake is possible.
Furthermore, the mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention is an acidic food composition or pharmaceutical composition when an oligosaccharide having a property that is not easily attenuated by degradation under acidic conditions, for example, a galactooligosaccharide, is used as the oligosaccharide. It can be used in the form of a thing.
本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤は、その一部にオリゴ糖を用いて調製される。
本発明において、オリゴ糖は少糖類ともいい、２〜２０個の糖がグリコシド結合してなる化合物を指す。オリゴ糖としては、例えば、乳果オリゴ糖、イソマルトオリゴ糖、フラクトオリゴ糖、ガラクトオリゴ糖、キシロオリゴ糖、大豆オリゴ糖、ニゲロオリゴ糖、ゲンチオオリゴ糖、ラクトース、スクロース、マルトース、トレハロース、パラチノース等を挙げることができるが、これらの例に限定されない。本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤が酸性である場合、分解等による減衰を生じにくい性質を有するオリゴ糖を使用するのが好ましい。
本発明においては、ガラクトースを構成糖として含むオリゴ糖を用いることもできる。ガラクトースを構成糖に含むオリゴ糖とは、２〜２０個の糖がグリコシド結合してなる化合物であって、化合物を構成する糖に１つまたは複数のガラクトースが含まれるものをいう。その例として、ラフィノース族オリゴ糖（大豆オリゴ糖）、ガラクトオリゴ糖等を挙げることができる。本発明において、ガラクトオリゴ糖は、ガラクトースを主たる構成糖として含むオリゴ糖のことをいう。乳糖（Gal(β1-4)Glc）を基本構造とし、これに１〜数個のガラクトース残基が結合した構造を有するオリゴ糖や、ガラクトースとグルコースがβ-1,3結合等した２糖類（転移２糖類）、Gal-(Gal)n-Glc(n=1〜18)、Gal-(Gal)n-Gal(n=1〜18)も、ガラクトオリゴ糖の例に含めることができる。ガラクトオリゴ糖の工業的な製造方法の一例としては、乳糖をガラクトース転移能の高いβ-ガラクトシダーゼ（主にCryptococcus
laurentii、Bacillus circulans等の微生物等に由来）に作用させて製造する方法を挙げることができる（澤入淑人、ガラクトオリゴ糖の機能と食品への応用、FOOD
STYLE 21、2、pp.76-78(1998)）。また、特定保健用食品（規格基準型）制度における規格基準において、ガラクトオリゴ糖は、乳糖からβ-ガラクトシダーゼ（β-D-galactoside galactohydrolase、E.C.3.2.1.23、クリプトコッカス属酵母由来）の作用により生成する、乳糖のガラクトース残基に１つまたは複数のガラクトースがグリコシド結合したオリゴ糖であって、4’-ガラクトシルラクトース（Gal(β1-4)Gal(β1-4)Glc）を主成分とするものと定義されている（平成17年7月1日付け食安発第0701007号厚生労働省医薬食品局食品安全部長通知、「特定保健用食品（規格基準型）制度の創設に伴う規格基準の設定等について」）。ガラクトオリゴ糖は、母乳に含まれ、腸内のビフィズス菌を増やす効果があり、消化吸収されにくい糖として知られている。The mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention is prepared using an oligosaccharide as a part thereof.
In the present invention, oligosaccharide is also called oligosaccharide and refers to a compound formed by glycosidic bonding of 2 to 20 sugars. Examples of oligosaccharides include dairy oligosaccharides, isomaltoligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, xylo-oligosaccharides, soybean oligosaccharides, nigerooligosaccharides, gentio-oligosaccharides, lactose, sucrose, maltose, trehalose, palatinose and the like. However, it is not limited to these examples. When the mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention is acidic, it is preferable to use an oligosaccharide having a property that hardly causes attenuation due to decomposition or the like.
In the present invention, an oligosaccharide containing galactose as a constituent sugar can also be used. An oligosaccharide containing galactose as a constituent sugar refers to a compound in which 2 to 20 sugars are glycoside-bonded, and the sugar constituting the compound contains one or more galactoses. Examples thereof include raffinose family oligosaccharides (soybean oligosaccharides) and galactooligosaccharides. In the present invention, a galacto-oligosaccharide refers to an oligosaccharide containing galactose as a main constituent sugar. Lactose (Gal (β1-4) Glc) is a basic structure, and oligosaccharides having a structure in which one to several galactose residues are bonded to this, or disaccharides (β-1,3 bonds between galactose and glucose) ( Transfer disaccharides), Gal- (Gal) n-Glc (n = 1-18), Gal- (Gal) n-Gal (n = 1-18) can also be included in the examples of galactooligosaccharides. As an example of an industrial production method of galactooligosaccharide, lactose is converted to β-galactosidase (mainly Cryptococcus) with high galactose transfer ability.
can be mentioned by producing it by acting on microorganisms such as laurentii, Bacillus circulans, etc. (Sayairi Hayato, functions of galactooligosaccharides and application to food, FOOD
STYLE 21, 2, pp.76-78 (1998)). In addition, galactooligosaccharides are produced from lactose by the action of β-galactosidase (β-D-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC3.2.1.23, derived from cryptococcus yeast) in the standard of food for specified health food (standard standard type) system. , An oligosaccharide in which one or more galactoses are glycosidically linked to the galactose residue of lactose, and the main component is 4'-galactosyl lactose (Gal (β1-4) Gal (β1-4) Glc) Defined (Notice of Food Safety No. 0701007 dated July 1, 2005, Food Safety Department Director, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, “Setting Standards with the Establishment of Food for Specific Health Uses (Standard Standard Type)”, etc. "). Galactooligosaccharides are known as sugars that are contained in breast milk and have the effect of increasing the number of bifidobacteria in the intestine and are difficult to digest and absorb.
本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤は、その一部に発酵乳製品を用いて調製される。
本発明で用いられる発酵乳製品とは、牛乳、水牛乳、ヤギ乳、羊乳、馬乳等の家畜乳および／またはこれらの部分脱脂乳、脱脂乳、還元全乳、還元脱脂乳、還元部分脱脂乳、ホエイ、カゼイン、脱脂粉乳、ホエイタンパク濃縮物（ＷＰＣ）、ホエイタンパク分離物（ＷＰＩ）、バター、バターミルク、クリーム等の乳原料を１種または２種以上組み合わせて調製した液状乳を、乳酸菌等のスターターを用いて発酵させて得られたもの全般をいう。例えば、チーズ、ナチュラルチーズ、ヨーグルト、発酵乳、乳清（ホエイ）発酵物、ホエイチーズ等は、本発明で用いられる発酵乳製品に含まれる。
また、発酵乳製品として用いられるチーズとは、乳、部分脱脂乳、脱脂乳、還元全乳、還元脱脂乳、還元部分脱脂乳、ホエイ、カゼイン、脱脂粉乳、ホエイタンパク濃縮物（ＷＰＣ）、ホエイタンパク分離物（ＷＰＩ）、バター、バターミルクもしくはクリーム等の乳原料を１種または２種以上組み合わせて調製した液状乳を、発酵、酵素添加または酸添加し、その結果できた凝乳から乳清を除去したものをいう。本発明において、チーズは、固形化されているものと固形化されていないもののいずれも使用可能である。また、本発明において、チーズは、熟成されているもの（熟成チーズ）と熟成されていないもの（非熟成チーズ）のいずれも使用可能である。
発酵乳製品を製造するための発酵用スターターとしては、Lactobacillus属、Streptococcus属、Lactococcus属、Leuconostoc属、Pediococcus属等に属する乳酸菌を主に用いることができる。しかし、これらに限られず、例えば、Streptococcus
lactis, Streptococcus cremoris, Streptococcus diacetylactis,
Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus,
Lactobacillus brevis,
Lactobacillus casei,
Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus,
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus
mucosae, Lactobacillus murinus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus oris,
Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus rhamnosusなどの乳酸菌や、Bifidobacterium longum,
Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breveなどのビフィズス菌を用いることができる。その他、これらの菌に加えてプロピオニバクテリウム属に属する菌（Propionibacterium）等の、通常の発酵乳製品の製造に用いられている菌を併用することができる。
本発明においては、これらのスターターを１種または２種以上組み合わせて使用することができる。
本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤は、発酵乳製品であればいずれを用いて調製してもよい。発酵乳製品は、好ましくは、非熟成チーズ（フレッシュチーズ）またはヨーグルトである。The mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention is prepared using a fermented milk product as a part thereof.
Fermented milk products used in the present invention include livestock milk such as cow's milk, buffalo milk, goat milk, sheep milk, horse milk and / or partially skimmed milk, skimmed milk, reduced whole milk, reduced skimmed milk, and reduced portion. Liquid milk prepared by combining one or more milk materials such as skim milk, whey, casein, skim milk powder, whey protein concentrate (WPC), whey protein isolate (WPI), butter, buttermilk, cream, etc. In general, it refers to those obtained by fermentation using a starter such as lactic acid bacteria. For example, cheese, natural cheese, yogurt, fermented milk, whey fermented product, whey cheese and the like are included in the fermented milk product used in the present invention.
The cheese used as a fermented milk product is milk, partially skim milk, skim milk, reduced whole milk, reduced skim milk, reduced partially skim milk, whey, casein, skim milk powder, whey protein concentrate (WPC), whey. Liquid milk prepared by combining one or two or more milk ingredients such as protein isolate (WPI), butter, buttermilk or cream is fermented, enzyme-added or acid-added. It is the one that has been removed. In the present invention, the cheese can be either solidified or not solidified. In the present invention, the cheese can be either aged (aged cheese) or not aged (non-aged cheese).
As a fermentation starter for producing a fermented milk product, lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus and the like can be mainly used. However, it is not limited to these, for example, Streptococcus
lactis, Streptococcus cremoris, Streptococcus diacetylactis,
Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus,
Lactobacillus brevis,
Lactobacillus casei,
Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus,
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Lactis, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus
mucosae, Lactobacillus murinus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus oris,
Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and other lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacterium longum,
Bifidobacteria such as Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium breve can be used. In addition, in addition to these bacteria, bacteria commonly used in the production of fermented milk products such as bacteria belonging to the genus Propionibacterium (Propionibacterium) can be used in combination.
In the present invention, these starters can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
The mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention may be prepared using any fermented milk product. The fermented milk product is preferably non-aged cheese (fresh cheese) or yogurt.
非熟成チーズの一般的な製造法を以下に説明する。原料乳等を標準化、遠心除菌、均質化、加熱処理した後にカード製造（スターター接種、レンネット添加等）を行う。さらにホエイ分離（加温、カード切断、遠心分離、膜分離等）を行い、得られたカードを非熟成チーズとして得ることができる。例えば、脱脂乳を加熱殺菌し、乳酸菌スターター（例えばLactobacillus属に属する乳酸菌、Streptococcus属に属する乳酸菌等）を脱脂乳（100質量％）に対して0.5〜5質量％の量で接種し発酵させる。その後、pHが4.6に達して形成されるカードを、クワルクセパレーター等の遠心分離機を用いてホエイを分離し、得られたカードを冷却する。これによって、非熟成チーズを得ることができる。
このようにして得られる非熟成チーズの組成（質量単位）の一例は、全固形分17〜19％、タンパク質11〜13％、脂肪1％以下、炭水化物2〜8％、乳糖2％以下である。
その他、レンネットを使用して凝固させたものも、本発明の非熟成チーズに含まれる。
脱脂乳を加熱殺菌し、Lactococcus属に属する菌を乳酸菌スターターに用いて発酵させてなる発酵乳製品（クワルク等）を本発明の非熟成チーズとしてもよい。
また、Lactococcus属に属するlactis菌およびcremoris菌並びにLeuconostoc属に属する菌種の混合培養物を脱脂乳に添加して培養した後、ホエイを除去して非熟成チーズとすることもできる。
また、発酵により得られたカードをカッターで切断した後、加温しながらホエイを分離して得られる非熟成チーズも、本発明で使用することができる。The general manufacturing method of non-aged cheese is demonstrated below. Standardized, centrifugal sterilized, homogenized, and heat-treated for raw milk, etc., followed by card production (starter inoculation, rennet addition, etc.) Furthermore, whey separation (heating, curd cutting, centrifugation, membrane separation, etc.) is performed, and the obtained curd can be obtained as non-aged cheese. For example, skim milk is sterilized by heating, and lactic acid bacteria starters (for example, lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Lactobacillus, lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Streptococcus) are inoculated in an amount of 0.5 to 5% by mass with respect to skim milk (100% by mass) and fermented. Thereafter, the curd formed when the pH reaches 4.6 is separated using a centrifuge such as a quark separator, and the obtained card is cooled. Thereby, non-aged cheese can be obtained.
An example of the composition (mass unit) of the non-aged cheese thus obtained is a total solid content of 17 to 19%, a protein of 11 to 13%, a fat of 1% or less, a carbohydrate of 2 to 8%, and a lactose of 2% or less. .
In addition, the thing solidified using the rennet is also contained in the non-aged cheese of this invention.
Fermented milk products (such as quark) obtained by heat-sterilizing skim milk and fermenting bacteria belonging to the genus Lactococcus in a lactic acid bacteria starter may be used as the non-aged cheese of the present invention.
In addition, a mixed culture of lactis and cremoris belonging to the genus Lactococcus and a bacterial culture belonging to the genus Leuconostoc can be added to the skimmed milk and cultured, and then whey can be removed to make non-aged cheese.
Moreover, after cutting the card | curd obtained by fermentation with a cutter, the non-aged cheese obtained by isolate | separating whey while heating can also be used by this invention.
摂取したミネラルの吸収経路としては、経細胞経路（transcellular pathway）と、細胞間隙経路（paracellular pathway）が知られている。例えば亜鉛の場合、吸収は主に十二指腸と空腸にて行われる。小腸管腔内の亜鉛が低濃度の条件下では、経細胞経路（transcellular
pathway）の吸収活性が増大する。小腸管腔内の亜鉛が高濃度の条件下では、細胞間隙経路（paracellular pathway）の寄与が大きいと言われている。また、亜鉛は回腸や結腸でも吸収されることが示唆されている（長田昌士、亜鉛−生物学的意義、必須性、そして食品における応用、化学と生物、46、pp.629-635(2008)、および、Cousins
RJ, 35:亜鉛 in 専門領域の最新情報 最新栄養学 第9版、翻訳監修：木村修一&小林修平、建帛社、pp.443-455（2007））。本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤は前述の各種機構に限定されず、ミネラルの吸収を高める作用を有する。Known absorption pathways for minerals ingested include the transcellular pathway and the paracellular pathway. For example, in the case of zinc, absorption is mainly performed in the duodenum and jejunum. Under conditions where zinc in the small intestinal lumen is low, the transcellular pathway (transcellular
pathway) absorption activity increases. Under the condition that zinc in the small intestinal lumen is at a high concentration, it is said that the contribution of the paracellular pathway is large. Zinc is also suggested to be absorbed in the ileum and colon (Masashi Nagata, Zinc-Biological Significance, Essentiality, and Application in Food, Chemistry and Biology, 46, pp.629-635 (2008) And Cousins
RJ, 35: Zinc in the latest information on specialized fields Latest nutrition science 9th edition, translation supervision: Shuichi Kimura & Shuhei Kobayashi, Kenshisha, pp.443-455 (2007)). The mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention is not limited to the various mechanisms described above, and has an effect of increasing mineral absorption.
本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤は、亜鉛の吸収を高める作用を有する。したがって、発育遅延・異常、性機能不全、貧血、免疫不全、皮膚障害、下痢、創傷治癒遅延、褥瘡発症・治癒遅延、食欲不振・減退、味覚障害、舌痛、耐糖能低下などの亜鉛の欠乏症に対する予防および／または治療に用いることができる。本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤は、健常人の他、胃酸中和剤（重曹、水酸化アルミニウムゲル・水酸化マグネシウム配合剤等）・胃酸分泌抑制薬（プロトンポンプ阻害剤、H2ブロッカー等）等を服用している者、胃切除患者、または高齢者等のような、胃酸分泌が低下した者を投与の対象とすることができる。さらに、本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤は、経管・経腸栄養を用いている者に対しても使用することができる。 The mineral absorption improving agent of this invention has the effect | action which raises absorption of zinc. Therefore, zinc deficiency such as growth retardation / abnormality, sexual dysfunction, anemia, immunodeficiency, skin disorder, diarrhea, delayed wound healing, pressure ulcer onset / healing delay, loss of appetite / decrease, taste disorder, tongue pain, impaired glucose tolerance Can be used for the prevention and / or treatment of The mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention includes a healthy person, a gastric acid neutralizer (such as sodium bicarbonate, an aluminum hydroxide gel / magnesium hydroxide combination agent), a gastric acid secretion inhibitor (a proton pump inhibitor, an H2 blocker, etc.), etc. Persons who have decreased gastric acid secretion, such as those who are taking it, patients who have undergone gastrectomy, elderly people, etc. can be targeted for administration. Furthermore, the mineral absorption improving agent of this invention can be used also with respect to those using tube / enteral nutrition.
本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤は、発酵乳製品とオリゴ糖を組み合わせることによって、これら２種の物質の相乗効果を発揮するものであり、従来より亜鉛の吸収を促進することが報告されている難消化性糖類（オリゴ糖など）の投与量よりも少ない量（固形分全量中の含有率）で、亜鉛の吸収を促進することが可能である。そのため、多量の難消化性糖類の摂取に伴う下痢等の胃腸症状の発生の可能性が低い。また、過剰量の亜鉛の摂取によって銅等の他のミネラルの吸収を阻害する可能性も低い。 The mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention exhibits a synergistic effect of these two substances by combining a fermented milk product and an oligosaccharide, and has been reported to promote zinc absorption conventionally. Zinc absorption can be promoted with an amount smaller than the dose of digestible saccharide (such as oligosaccharide) (content in the total solid content). Therefore, the possibility of occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea accompanying intake of a large amount of indigestible saccharides is low. In addition, the intake of excessive amounts of zinc is unlikely to inhibit the absorption of other minerals such as copper.
本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤に有効成分として含まれるオリゴ糖および発酵乳製品は、人類にとって長い食経験があるものであり、味覚上問題がなく、安全性が高いため、長期間にわたり摂取可能である。
本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤は、通常、オリゴ糖、発酵乳製品、および他の任意成分の混合物として調製されるが、他の形態、例えば、オリゴ糖を含むものと発酵乳製品を含むものに分けて調製してもよい。オリゴ糖を含むものと発酵乳製品を含むものに分けて調製した場合、摂取者は、オリゴ糖を含むものと発酵乳製品を含むものを同時に摂取することが望ましい。The oligosaccharides and fermented dairy products contained in the mineral absorption improver of the present invention as active ingredients have a long dietary experience for human beings, have no taste problems and are highly safe, and can be ingested over a long period of time. is there.
The mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention is usually prepared as a mixture of oligosaccharides, fermented dairy products, and other optional ingredients, but in other forms, for example, those containing oligosaccharides and fermented dairy products It may be prepared separately. When prepared separately into those containing oligosaccharides and those containing fermented dairy products, it is desirable for the intaker to simultaneously ingest those containing oligosaccharides and those containing fermented dairy products.
本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤は、食品組成物（飲食品）と医薬組成物（医薬品）のいずれの形態でも利用することができる。例えば、医薬組成物として直接投与することにより、又は特定保健用食品等の特別用途食品や栄養機能食品等の食品組成物として直接摂取することにより、ミネラル吸収を改善することが期待される。また、本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤は、液状、ペースト状、ゲル状、固形（例えば粉末、錠剤など）のいずれの形態でも利用することができる。
本発明において、食品組成物としては、例えば、牛乳、清涼飲料、発酵乳、ヨーグルト、チーズ、パン、ビスケット、クラッカー、ピッツァクラスト、調製粉乳、流動食、病者用食品、栄養食品、冷凍食品、食品組成物、加工食品、その他の市販食品等が挙げられる。
本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤を酸性の医薬組成物または食品組成物の形態で用いた場合、そのpHは、好ましくはpH2.0〜pH6.0、より好ましくはpH3.0〜pH5.0である。The mineral absorption improving agent of this invention can be utilized with any form of a food composition (food-drinks) and a pharmaceutical composition (medicine). For example, mineral absorption is expected to be improved by direct administration as a pharmaceutical composition, or by direct intake as a food composition such as a special-purpose food such as a food for specified health use or a nutritional functional food. Further, the mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention can be used in any form of liquid, paste, gel, and solid (eg, powder, tablet, etc.).
In the present invention, as the food composition, for example, milk, soft drinks, fermented milk, yogurt, cheese, bread, biscuits, crackers, pizza crust, prepared powdered milk, liquid food, food for the sick, nutritional food, frozen food, Examples include food compositions, processed foods, and other commercially available foods.
When the mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention is used in the form of an acidic pharmaceutical composition or food composition, the pH is preferably pH 2.0 to pH 6.0, more preferably pH 3.0 to pH 5.0. .
本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤は、水、タンパク質、糖質、脂質、ビタミン類、ミネラル類、有機酸、有機塩基、果汁、フレーバー類等を含むことができる。
タンパク質としては、例えば、全脂粉乳、脱脂粉乳、部分脱脂粉乳、カゼイン、ホエイ粉、ホエイタンパク質、ホエイタンパク質濃縮物、ホエイタンパク質分離物、α―カゼイン、β―カゼイン、κ−カゼイン、β―ラクトグロブリン、ラクトフェリン、大豆タンパク質、鶏卵タンパク質、肉タンパク質等の動植物性タンパク質もしくはこれらの分解物や、バター、乳清ミネラル、クリーム、ホエイ、非タンパク態窒素、シアル酸、リン脂質、乳糖等の各種乳由来成分などが挙げられる。
タンパク質は、カゼインホスホペプチド、アルギニン、リジン等のペプチドやアミノ酸を含んでいてもよい。
糖質としては、例えば、糖類、加工澱粉（デキストリン（マルトデキストリン、難消化デキストリン等）のほか、可溶性澱粉、ブリティッシュスターチ、酸化澱粉、澱粉エステル、澱粉エーテル等）、食物繊維などが挙げられる。
脂質としては、例えば、ラード、魚油等、これらの分別油、水素添加油、エステル交換油等の動物性油脂；パーム油、サフラワー油、コーン油、ナタネ油、ヤシ油、これらの分別油、水素添加油、エステル交換油等の植物性油脂などが挙げられる。
ビタミン類としては、例えば、ビタミンA、カロチン類、ビタミンB群、ビタミンC、ビタミンD群、ビタミンE、ビタミンK群、ビタミンP、ビタミンQ、ナイアシン、ニコチン酸、パントテン酸、ビオチン、イノシトール、コリン、葉酸などが挙げられる。
ミネラル類としては、例えば、カルシウム、リン、カリウム、塩素、マグネシウム、ナトリウム、銅、鉄、マンガン、亜鉛、セレン、クロム、モリブデンなどが挙げられる。
中でも、亜鉛は、亜鉛を含む他の食品を同時に摂取しなくても、本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤を摂取するだけで生体にとって十分な亜鉛を摂取しうることになるため、好ましい。
有機酸としては、例えば、リンゴ酸、クエン酸、乳酸、酒石酸などが挙げられる。
本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤は、合成品と天然物由来品のいずれでもよい。The mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention can contain water, protein, carbohydrate, lipid, vitamins, minerals, organic acid, organic base, fruit juice, flavors and the like.
Examples of the protein include whole milk powder, skim milk powder, partially skim milk powder, casein, whey powder, whey protein, whey protein concentrate, whey protein isolate, α-casein, β-casein, κ-casein, β-lacto Animal and vegetable proteins such as globulin, lactoferrin, soy protein, egg protein, meat protein or their degradation products, and various types of milk such as butter, whey minerals, cream, whey, non-protein nitrogen, sialic acid, phospholipids, and lactose Examples include derived components.
The protein may contain peptides and amino acids such as casein phosphopeptide, arginine, and lysine.
Examples of the saccharide include saccharides, processed starch (dextrin (maltodextrin, indigestible dextrin, etc.), soluble starch, British starch, oxidized starch, starch ester, starch ether, etc.), dietary fiber, and the like.
Examples of the lipid include animal oils such as lard, fish oil, etc., fractionated oils, hydrogenated oil, transesterified oil, etc .; palm oil, safflower oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil, coconut oil, fractionated oils thereof, Examples include vegetable oils such as hydrogenated oils and transesterified oils.
Examples of vitamins include vitamin A, carotene, vitamin B group, vitamin C, vitamin D group, vitamin E, vitamin K group, vitamin P, vitamin Q, niacin, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, biotin, inositol, choline. And folic acid.
Examples of minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, chlorine, magnesium, sodium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, selenium, chromium, molybdenum and the like.
Among them, zinc is preferable because it can ingest sufficient zinc for a living body by ingesting the mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention without ingesting other foods containing zinc at the same time.
Examples of the organic acid include malic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, and tartaric acid.
The mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention may be either a synthetic product or a natural product-derived product.
本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤を医薬組成物として使用する場合には、種々の形態で投与することができる。その形態として、例えば、錠剤、カプセル剤、顆粒剤、散剤、シロップ剤等による経口投与を挙げることができる。注射剤や液剤等の製剤に加工して、経管、経腸など他の投与形態で投与してもよい。これらの各種製剤は、常法に従って主剤に賦形剤、結合剤、崩壊剤、滑沢剤、矯臭剤、溶解補助剤、懸濁剤、コーティング剤、溶剤、等張化剤などの医薬の製剤技術分野において通常使用し得る既知の補助剤を用いて製剤化することができる。また、適当量のカルシウムを含んでいてもよい。さらに適当量のビタミン、ミネラル、有機酸、糖類、アミノ酸、ペプチド類などを添加してもよい。 When the mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention is used as a pharmaceutical composition, it can be administered in various forms. Examples of the form include oral administration using tablets, capsules, granules, powders, syrups and the like. You may process into preparations, such as an injection and a liquid agent, and may administer by other administration forms, such as a tube and an enteral. These various preparations are pharmaceutical preparations such as excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, flavoring agents, solubilizers, suspension agents, coating agents, solvents, isotonic agents, etc. It can be formulated using known adjuvants that can be commonly used in the technical field. Further, it may contain an appropriate amount of calcium. Further, an appropriate amount of vitamins, minerals, organic acids, sugars, amino acids, peptides, etc. may be added.
本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤の固形分全量（100質量％）中に含まれるオリゴ糖の濃度は、好ましくは1.0〜7.0質量％、より好ましくは1.5〜6.5質量％、さらに好ましくは2.5〜6.0質量％、特に好ましくは4.0〜6.0質量％である。
本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤の固形分全量（100質量％）中に含まれる発酵乳製品の濃度は、好ましくは5.0〜98質量％、より好ましくは10〜98質量％、さらに好ましくは15〜98質量％、特に好ましくは18〜96質量％である。
なお、本明細書中、固形分の質量とは、特に断らない限り、デシケータ内の２０℃の乾燥雰囲気下で乾燥させた後の質量（液状の油脂の質量を含む。）を意味するものであり、粉末飼料のような含水固形分の質量を意味するものではない。The concentration of the oligosaccharide contained in the total solid content (100% by mass) of the mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention is preferably 1.0 to 7.0% by mass, more preferably 1.5 to 6.5% by mass, and still more preferably 2.5 to 6.0% by mass. %, Particularly preferably 4.0 to 6.0% by mass.
The concentration of the fermented milk product contained in the total solid content (100% by mass) of the mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention is preferably 5.0 to 98% by mass, more preferably 10 to 98% by mass, and still more preferably 15 to 98%. % By mass, particularly preferably 18 to 96% by mass.
In addition, in this specification, the mass of solid content means the mass (including the mass of liquid fats and oils) after being dried in a desiccator at 20 ° C. in a dry atmosphere unless otherwise specified. Yes, it does not mean the mass of water-containing solids such as powdered feed.
本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤の有効成分であるオリゴ糖の投与(摂取)量は、1日に体重1kg当たり、固形分含量で好ましくは0.05mg〜2g、より好ましくは0.5mg〜1g、さらに好ましくは5mg〜0.2gである。
本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤の有効成分である発酵乳製品の投与(摂取)量は、1日に体重1kg当たり、固形分含量で好ましくは1mg〜10g、より好ましくは10mg〜5g、さらに好ましくは50mg〜2.5gである。The administration (intake) amount of the oligosaccharide, which is an active ingredient of the mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention, is preferably 0.05 mg to 2 g, more preferably 0.5 mg to 1 g, further preferably solid content, per kg body weight per day. Is 5 mg to 0.2 g.
The administration (intake) amount of fermented dairy products that are active ingredients of the mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention is preferably 1 mg to 10 g, more preferably 10 mg to 5 g, more preferably 10 mg / kg body weight per day in terms of solid content. 50 mg to 2.5 g.
本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤の有効成分であるオリゴ糖のヒトに対する投与量は、一日あたり固形分含量で、好ましくは0.01g〜15g、より好ましくは0.1g〜10g、特に好ましくは1g〜8gである。
本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤の有効成分である発酵乳製品のヒトに対する投与量は、一日あたり固形分含量で、好ましくは0.1g〜500g、より好ましくは1g〜250g、特に好ましくは2.5g〜150gである。
本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤による処置が必要とされている者に対し、一度にまたは分割して、食前、食事後、食間および/または就寝前に適宜投与することができる。投与量は、個別に、投与される患者の年齢、体重、および投与目的に応じて定めることができる。投与量は、必ずしも前記の数値範囲内に限定されるものではない。The dosage of the oligosaccharide, which is an active ingredient of the mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention, for humans is a solid content per day, preferably 0.01 g to 15 g, more preferably 0.1 g to 10 g, particularly preferably 1 g to 8 g. It is.
The dosage of the fermented dairy product, which is an active ingredient of the mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention, for humans is a solid content per day, preferably 0.1 g to 500 g, more preferably 1 g to 250 g, particularly preferably 2.5 g to 150g.
For those who are in need of treatment with the mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention, it can be administered at one time or dividedly before meals, after meals, between meals and / or before going to bed. The dosage can be individually determined according to the age, weight and purpose of administration of the patient to be administered. The dose is not necessarily limited to the above numerical range.
本発明において、発酵乳製品／オリゴ糖の質量比（固形分換算値）は、好ましくは1.0〜49.0、より好ましくは1.0〜30.0、さらに好ましくは1.0〜9.0、特に好ましくは3.0〜8.0である。
本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤が亜鉛を含む場合、ミネラル吸収改善剤の固形分全量（100質量％）中に含まれる亜鉛の濃度は、ヒトの望ましい亜鉛の摂取量を考慮した場合、好ましくは0.01〜1.0質量％、より好ましくは0.01〜0.8質量％、特に好ましくは0.1〜0.6質量％である。
なお、本明細書において引用された全ての先行技術文献の記載内容は、参照することによって本明細書に含まれるものとする。In the present invention, the mass ratio of fermented dairy product / oligosaccharide (in terms of solid content) is preferably 1.0 to 49.0, more preferably 1.0 to 30.0, still more preferably 1.0 to 9.0, and particularly preferably 3.0 to 8.0.
When the mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention contains zinc, the concentration of zinc contained in the total solid content (100% by mass) of the mineral absorption improving agent is preferably 0.01 when considering the desirable amount of zinc intake by humans. -1.0 mass%, More preferably, it is 0.01-0.8 mass%, Most preferably, it is 0.1-0.6 mass%.
In addition, the description content of all prior art documents cited in this specification shall be included in this specification by reference.
以下、本発明について実施例を挙げて説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例により限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated, this invention is not limited by these Examples.
［実施例1］（発酵乳製品およびオリゴ糖の給与が亜鉛吸収に及ぼす作用）
本実施例は、発酵乳製品およびガラクトオリゴ糖（以下GOSともいう）の給与が、亜鉛吸収に及ぼす影響を検証した。[Example 1] (Effect of feeding fermented milk products and oligosaccharides on zinc absorption)
In this example, the effects of feeding fermented milk products and galactooligosaccharide (hereinafter also referred to as GOS) on zinc absorption were examined.
（発酵乳製品の調製）
常法に従って、非熟成チーズを製造した。具体的には、脱脂粉乳を殺菌後、Lactobacillus属に属する乳酸菌およびStreptococcus属に属する乳酸菌で発酵し、さらにレンネットを加えた。さらに、形成されたカードを切断し、遠心分離処理をして得た沈殿物（非熟成チーズ）を発酵乳製品として試験に供した。(Preparation of fermented dairy products)
Non-aged cheese was produced according to a conventional method. Specifically, skim milk powder was sterilized, then fermented with lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Lactobacillus and lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Streptococcus, and rennet was further added. Furthermore, the formed card | curd was cut | disconnected and the precipitate (non-aged cheese) obtained by carrying out the centrifugation process was used for the test as fermented milk products.
（動物実験方法）
3週齢の雄性SDラット56匹を平均体重が均一（約47g）になるように、以下の5群（n=8）に分けた。
（a）健常＋カゼイン飼料給与群 [対照群]
（b）胃酸低下＋カゼイン飼料給与群 [カゼイン群]
（c）胃酸低下＋5.0質量％GOS配合カゼイン飼料給与群 [カゼインG群]
（d）胃酸低下＋発酵乳製品飼料給与群 [発酵乳製品群]
（e）胃酸低下＋5.0質量％GOS配合発酵乳製品飼料給与群[発酵乳製品G群]
（a）〜（e）の各群に、各試験飼料を9日間（day1〜9）、自由摂取にて給与した。なお、カゼイン飼料は通常のAIN-93Gを一部改変して調製した飼料である。発酵乳製品飼料は、タンパク質含量がカゼイン飼料と同等になるように発酵乳製品をカゼインの代わりに配合した飼料である（表１）。また5.0質量％GOS配合飼料は飼料100質量％中にGOSを5.0質量％になるよう配合した飼料である（表１）。なお、全ての飼料においてカルシウム、リン、マグネシウム、鉄、亜鉛、銅含量は同等になるよう調整している（表１）。(Animal experiment method)
56 male SD rats of 3 weeks old were divided into the following 5 groups (n = 8) so that the average body weight was uniform (about 47 g).
(A) Healthy + casein feed group [control group]
(B) Gastric acid lowering + casein feed group [casein group]
(C) Gastric acid decrease + 5.0 mass% GOS casein feed group [Casein G group]
(D) Gastric acid lowering + fermented dairy feed group [fermented dairy group]
(E) Gastric acid lowering + 5.0 mass% GOS-containing fermented dairy feed group [fermented dairy group G]
Each test feed was fed to each group of (a) to (e) for 9 days (day 1 to 9) by free intake. The casein feed is a feed prepared by partially modifying ordinary AIN-93G. Fermented dairy feed is a feed in which fermented dairy products are blended in place of casein so that the protein content is equivalent to that of casein feed (Table 1). The 5.0% by mass GOS-mixed feed is a feed in which GOS is mixed to 5.0% by mass in 100% by mass of the feed (Table 1). In all feeds, the calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, and copper contents are adjusted to be equivalent (Table 1).
胃酸低下群（前記（b）〜（e））には、試験開始5日目から試験終了まで（day5〜9）毎日7:00、19:00の2回、プロトンポンプインヒビター（PPI、胃酸分泌抑制剤）であるオメプラール（以下OMともいう、オメプラゾールナトリウム注射剤、アストラゼネカ株式会社製）を皮下に20mg/kg
body weight（OM濃度：4mg/ml、投与容量：5ml/kg body weight）投与して持続的に胃酸分泌を低下させた。健常群（前記（a））にはOMの溶媒として使用する生理食塩水5ml/kg
body weightを、胃酸低下群のPPI投与と同様のスケジュールで皮下投与した。PPI投与開始の翌日（day6）から4日間（day6〜9）、代謝ケージを用いて出納試験を行い、全てのラットの全糞を個体毎に回収した。採取した糞は亜鉛の排泄量の測定に用いた。また、PPI投与開始の翌日（day6）から4日間（day6〜9）の摂餌量を個体毎に測定した。4日間の摂餌量から、亜鉛摂取量を算出し、以下の式で個体毎の亜鉛の見かけの吸収率（質量％）を算出した。
亜鉛の見かけの吸収率(%)＝（亜鉛摂取量−糞中亜鉛排泄量）×100/（亜鉛摂取量）
なお、全ての試験期間を通じて、ラットにはイオン交換水を自由摂取させた。また、一日当たりの平均摂餌量は約114g/kg body weight、試験開始初期（day2）の平均体重は57g、試験終了時（day9）の平均体重は110gであった。各群間で、摂餌量、体重の差異は観察されなかった。In the gastric acid-lowering group (above (b) to (e)), from the 5th day to the end of the test (day 5-9), 7:00 and 19:00 twice a day, proton pump inhibitor (PPI, gastric acid secretion) 20 mg / kg subcutaneously of omepral (hereinafter also referred to as OM, omeprazole sodium injection, manufactured by AstraZeneca)
Administration of body weight (OM concentration: 4 mg / ml, administration volume: 5 ml / kg body weight) continuously reduced gastric acid secretion. For healthy group (above (a)), physiological saline 5ml / kg used as OM solvent
Body weight was administered subcutaneously on the same schedule as PPI administration in the gastric acid lowering group. The next day (day 6) from the start of PPI administration (day 6 to 9), a balance test was conducted using a metabolic cage, and all feces of all rats were collected for each individual. The collected feces was used for measuring the amount of zinc excreted. In addition, food intake was measured for each individual for 4 days (day 6 to 9) from the day after the start of PPI administration (day 6). The amount of zinc intake was calculated from the amount of food consumed for 4 days, and the apparent absorption rate (mass%) of zinc for each individual was calculated using the following formula.
Apparent absorption rate of zinc (%) = (Zinc intake-Fecal zinc excretion) x 100 / (Zinc intake)
Rats were allowed to freely take ion-exchanged water throughout the test period. The average daily food intake was about 114 g / kg body weight, the average body weight at the beginning of the test (day 2) was 57 g, and the average body weight at the end of the test (day 9) was 110 g. No difference in food intake or body weight was observed between the groups.
表１は実施例１で用いた飼料の組成を示す。表１中、ミネラルミックスはAIN-93Gミネラルミックスのカルシウム源、リン源、マグネシウム源を除きショ糖と置換したものを使用した。ビタミンミックスはAIN-93ビタミンミックスを使用した。カップオリゴ（商品名、日新カップ社製、ガラクトオリゴ糖含量：73質量％、「カップオリゴ」は登録商標である。）はガラクトオリゴ糖を主成分として含む製品であり、4'-ガラクトシルラクトースをはじめ、数種の成分（Gal-(Gal)n-Glc、Gal-(Gal)n-Gal(n=1〜3、結合はβ)）を含有する。実施例１で用いたミネラルミックスおよびビタミンミックスの配合を表２および表３に示す。 Table 1 shows the composition of the feed used in Example 1. In Table 1, the mineral mix used what replaced the sucrose except the calcium source, the phosphorus source, and the magnesium source of AIN-93G mineral mix. The vitamin mix used was AIN-93 vitamin mix. Cup oligo (trade name, manufactured by Nissin Cup Co., Ltd., galactooligosaccharide content: 73% by mass, “Cup Oligo” is a registered trademark) is a product containing galactooligosaccharide as the main component, including 4'-galactosyl lactose , Containing several components (Gal- (Gal) n-Glc, Gal- (Gal) n-Gal (n = 1-3, bond is β)). Tables 2 and 3 show the composition of the mineral mix and vitamin mix used in Example 1.
なお、AIN-93GミネラルミックスおよびAIN-93ビタミンミックスは、米国国立栄養研究所（AIN）から1993年に発表されたマウスやラットにおける栄養研究用の標準精製飼料であり、成長期、妊娠期、授乳期のために用いられるAIN-93Gに配合されているビタミンミックスおよびミネラルミックスを指す。 AIN-93G mineral mix and AIN-93 vitamin mix are standard purified diets for nutritional research in mice and rats published in 1993 by the National Institute of Nutrition (AIN). It refers to vitamin mix and mineral mix blended with AIN-93G used for lactation.
（結果）
（a）対照群と(b)カゼイン群間の見かけの亜鉛吸収率は同等であった。この結果から、PPI投与による胃酸分泌低下は、見かけの亜鉛吸収率にほとんど影響を与えないと考えられた（図１）。また、（e）発酵乳製品G群の見かけの亜鉛吸収率は、他の群と比較して有意に（p<0.05、Tukey-Kramer多重検定）高い値を示したのに対し、（c）カゼインG群は、（b）カゼイン群、および（d）発酵乳製品群と比較して有意な差を認めなかった。この結果から、GOSを含有した飼料を給与しても、単独で亜鉛吸収促進作用はないものの、発酵乳製品と同時に給与することで亜鉛の吸収を相乗的に促進することが明らかとなった（図１）。
なお、図１中、棒グラフの上方の文字ａ、ｂは、異なる文字間に有意差があることを示す（p<0.05、Tukey-Kramer多重検定）。また、図１中の「ｗ／ｗ％」は、質量％を意味する。(result)
The apparent zinc absorption rate between (a) control group and (b) casein group was similar. From this result, it was considered that the decrease in gastric acid secretion by administration of PPI had little effect on the apparent zinc absorption rate (FIG. 1). In addition, the apparent zinc absorption rate of (e) fermented dairy group G was significantly higher (p <0.05, Tukey-Kramer multiple test) compared to other groups, whereas (c) Casein G group showed no significant difference compared to (b) casein group and (d) fermented dairy group. From this result, it was clarified that feeding the feed containing GOS alone does not promote zinc absorption, but synergistically promotes zinc absorption by feeding together with fermented milk products ( FIG. 1).
In FIG. 1, letters a and b above the bar graph indicate that there is a significant difference between different letters (p <0.05, Tukey-Kramer multiple test). Further, “w / w%” in FIG. 1 means mass%.
本発明のミネラル吸収改善剤は、各種のミネラル欠乏症の予防および／または治療において有効に用いることができる。 The mineral absorption improving agent of the present invention can be effectively used in the prevention and / or treatment of various mineral deficiencies.
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| WO2014148887A1 (en) * | 2013-03-22 | 2014-09-25 | N.V. Nutricia | Fermented nutrition with non-digestible oligosaccharides with increased iron bioavailability |
| WO2014148886A1 (en) * | 2013-03-22 | 2014-09-25 | N.V. Nutricia | Fermented nutrition high in lactose with increased iron bioavailability |
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