JPWO2007114212A1 - Fertilizer composition, method for producing and using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a solid fertilizer composition comprising urea nitrate and calcium phosphate, and a liquid fertilizer composition in which urea nitrate and calcium phosphate are dissolved in water. The fertilizer composition of the present invention is a fertilizer capable of supplying nitrogen, phosphoric acid and calcium essential for plant growth, has excellent storage stability, and produces a phosphate precipitate when dissolved in water. Absent. The fertilizer composition of the present invention is suitably used for hydroponics. For example, the liquid fertilizer composition is applied to the stem and / or leaf of a plant body.

Description

  The present invention relates to a fertilizer composition, a method for producing the same, and a method for using the same.

  In general, as a fertilizer, a complex fertilizer in which a plurality of components are blended in a well-balanced manner to supplement components necessary for the growth of plants such as crops and flowering plants is used. When fertilizing in the solid state, the plant will use the nutrients dissolved by the moisture in the soil. Have problems such as continuous cropping failure due to salt accumulation, runoff of fertilizer components to groundwater and rivers. Therefore, the fertilizer made into the aqueous solution which is easy to supply the component quantity required for a plant body is also generally used. This fertilizer is referred to as liquid fertilizer, and is particularly used in the hydroponics method for managing fertilization of plants.

  As a hydroponic culture method, a medium culture method and a hydroponic method for planting a plant body on a support such as rubble, sand, peat, vermiculite, pumice, sawdust, rock wool, urethane, etc., and supplying liquid fertilizer to this plant body, A hydroponic soil cultivation method is known in which liquid fertilizer is supplied to the rhizosphere region of a crop planted in soil and fertilizer components are added and irrigated at the same time. These hydroponics methods are effective cultivation methods because the amount of fertilization can be controlled and an appropriate amount of fertilizer aqueous solution can be evenly applied to any crop.

  The three major elements of fertilizer components are nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium, but calcium and the like are also important components essential for the growth of plants. In particular, calcium is an important component in the case of cultivation methods in which the rhizosphere area is limited, such as culture medium culture method, hydroponics method, and hydroponics method.

  However, when phosphoric acid and calcium coexist at a high concentration, a poorly water-soluble substance of calcium phosphate is formed and a precipitate is formed in the liquid fertilizer. This sediment causes clogging of the irrigation holes of the filter and irrigation tube in the irrigation fertilization system in hydroponics, which not only loads the pump equipment such as the mixer but also prevents the supply of necessary fertilizer components. As a result, inconveniences such as inability to manage fertilization may occur.

  As a compound fertilizer in which calcium precipitation does not occur, a fertilizer composition (patent document 1) containing urea phosphate and calcium nitrate, a double salt composed of phosphoric acid and monoammonium phosphate or monopotassium phosphate, and calcium nitrate or The fertilizer composition (patent document 2) which mix | blended calcium phosphate is proposed.

  However, these fertilizer compositions have various drawbacks. For example, as in the fertilizer composition described in Patent Document 1, when calcium nitrate and phosphate are combined, the fertilizer composition absorbs moisture in the air and fluidity is impaired. There is a problem with sex. Especially in the hot and humid summer, it becomes partly dissolved due to excessive water absorption, making it difficult to weigh fertilizer components, and forming water insolubles with other components such as iron, achieving the original purpose. Cannot be practical. In addition, the fertilizer composition described in Patent Document 2, especially when calcium phosphate is blended, becomes excessive in phosphate components and cannot be balanced with other components, and the excess phosphate components include iron, zinc in the soil. It is not preferable because there is a possibility that the absorption of the plant into the plant body may be suppressed.

To date, urea nitrate has been studied for possible use as a nitrogen fertilizer due to its high nitrogen content. However, urea nitrate has not been put to practical use for reasons such as causing phytotoxicity to plants, and effective use as a fertilizer has not been practically performed.
WO92 / 13813 Special table 2003-529525 gazette

  The present invention is a fertilizer capable of supplying nitrogen, phosphoric acid and calcium essential for the growth of a plant, has excellent storage stability, and does not produce a phosphate precipitate when dissolved in water. The main task is to provide goods.

  The present inventors dare to use calcium phosphate, which has poor solubility in water and has been avoided in use as a liquid fertilizer component by precipitating in water, and combined with urea nitrate that has not been substantially used as a fertilizer component so far Produces an unprecedented exceptional effect that a fertilizer composition can be obtained in which no precipitate is formed in the aqueous solution, and phytotoxicity is given to the plant body by applying the obtained fertilizer composition as an aqueous solution. I found no. The inventors have also found that long-term room temperature storage stability in a solid state can be further improved by adjusting the particle diameter of the calcium phosphate used. The present invention has been completed based on these findings.

The present invention provides a fertilizer composition according to items 1 to 6 below, a method for producing a fertilizer composition according to item 7, and a fertilization method according to item 8.
Item 1. A solid fertilizer composition comprising urea nitrate and calcium phosphate.
Item 2. Item 2. The solid fertilizer composition according to Item 1, comprising 5 to 110 parts by weight of calcium phosphate with respect to 100 parts by weight of urea nitrate.
Item 3. Item 3. The solid fertilizer composition according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the calcium phosphate contains calcium phosphate having a particle size of 200 mesh or less, and the content thereof is 40% by weight or less based on the total amount of calcium phosphate.
Item 4. Item 4. The solid fertilizer composition according to any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein the calcium phosphate is dicalcium phosphate or a hydrate thereof.
Item 5. A liquid fertilizer composition comprising urea nitrate and calcium phosphate dissolved in water.
Item 6. The fertilizer composition in any one of claim | item 1 -5 used for a hydroponic cultivation method.
Item 7. Item 6. The solid fertilizer composition comprising urea nitrate and calcium phosphate is dissolved in 3 to 20 times the weight of water, and then water is added so that the total weight of the water is 200 to 5000 times the weight of the solid fertilizer composition. A method for producing a liquid fertilizer composition.
Item 8. Item 6. A fertilizer application method, wherein the liquid fertilizer composition according to Item 5 is applied to a stem and / or leaf of a plant body.

  In the present specification, the plant body means all agricultural and horticultural crops conventionally cultivated, and examples thereof include vegetables, fruit trees, flower buds, and foliage plants.

  The fertilizer composition of the present invention is substantially composed of urea nitrate and calcium phosphate.

  As urea nitrate, those produced industrially can be used. As raw materials for the fertilizer composition of the present invention, powders, granules, lumps and the like can be used, but in consideration of mixing with other components and subsequent solubility in water, urea nitrate is A powder or granule is preferred.

  As calcium phosphate, primary calcium phosphate (calcium dihydrogen phosphate), secondary calcium phosphate (calcium monohydrogen phosphate), tricalcium phosphate and hydrates thereof can be used, and among these, dicalcium phosphate and its Hydrates are particularly preferred.

  These calcium phosphates may be naturally occurring or industrially produced. As raw materials for the fertilizer composition of the present invention, powders, granules, lumps and the like can be used. However, in consideration of mixing with other components and subsequent solubility in water, calcium phosphate is powdered. It is preferably in the form of granules or granules.

  A combination of urea nitrate and calcium phosphate is preferable because it does not exhibit hygroscopicity and is stable during normal temperature storage. In particular, the use of calcium phosphate adjusted so that the calcium phosphate having a particle size of 200 mesh or less (73 μm or more) is 40% by weight or less, preferably 30% by weight or less, and more preferably 20% or less is further improved. Storage stability is expressed. The particle diameter can be adjusted using a sieve.

  The mixing ratio of urea nitrate and calcium phosphate is usually 5 to 110 parts by weight, preferably 8 to 80 parts by weight, and more preferably 10 to 70 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of urea nitrate.

  The fertilizer composition of the present invention may appropriately contain a fertilizer component that is solid at normal temperature, such as potassium nitrate, which can be usually used. When the fertilizer composition of the present invention contains a normal temperature solid fertilizer component, the content thereof is usually 500 parts by weight or less, preferably 10 to 500 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of urea nitrate.

  One form of the fertilizer composition of the present invention is a solid fertilizer, preferably a powder fertilizer. Compared with aqueous fertilizers, powder fertilizers have the advantage that the weight and occupied area can be reduced.

  Another form of the solid fertilizer composition of the present invention is a liquid fertilizer, which is a liquid fertilizer composition that is applied to a plant by dissolving the solid fertilizer composition of the present invention in water.

  When dissolving the solid fertilizer composition of the present invention in water, it becomes difficult to sufficiently dissolve the solid fertilizer composition of the present invention when adding a quantity of water that gives a predetermined fertilization concentration at one time. It is desirable to dissolve in two stages. In producing the liquid fertilizer composition, it is more preferable to produce a concentrated liquid in the first step and to make a diluted solution having a predetermined concentration in the second step.

  The concentrated liquid of the first step can be prepared by dissolving the solid fertilizer composition of the present invention in water of 3 to 20 times weight, preferably 3.5 to 15 times weight, more preferably 4 to 10 times weight.

As an example of the concentration of urea nitrate when this is 900~50000ppm about the total nitrogen content, the calcium phosphate _{concentration,} 100～36000Ppm about in terms _of P 2 _{O 5,} is 90~28000ppm about in terms of CaO.

  The dilution liquid of the 2nd process is 200-5000 times weight with respect to the solid fertilizer composition used for the concentrated liquid prepared at the 1st process as the total amount of water used, Preferably it is 300-3000 weight, More preferably, it is 500- It can be prepared by adding water to dilute to 2000 times weight. The dilution may be performed in several stages so that the final concentration is reached.

As an example of the concentration of urea nitrate at this time, the total nitrogen amount is about 3.6 to 750 ppm, and the calcium phosphate concentration is about 0.4 to 540 ppm in terms of P ₂ O ₅ and about 0.36 to 420 ppm in terms of CaO. It is.

  According to the liquid fertilizer composition of the present invention, it is applied to the rhizosphere region of a plant body, particularly the stem and leaf of the plant body, despite containing urea nitrate, which could not be put into practical use due to the occurrence of phytotoxicity. However, the risk of causing phytotoxicity is extremely low. Furthermore, although it contains calcium phosphate classified as soluble, sufficient solubility can be imparted to water. Therefore, it does not restrict | limit especially as a method of applying the liquid fertilizer composition of this invention to a plant body, According to the cultivation method, it can set suitably.

  Examples of cultivation methods include fertilization methods in hydroponics, such as hydroponic cultivation methods, hydroponic cultivation methods, and solid medium cultivation methods such as circulation or flow-through treatment methods, solid medium methods or nutrient solutions The processing method etc. which use the irrigation tube of the cultivation method can be mentioned.

  The hydroponics method is to manage the amount of fertilization according to the growth or situation of the plant body.For this reason, the formation of precipitates in liquid fertilizer impairs the uniform concentration of components in liquid fertilizer, and set fertilizer management It becomes an obstacle. Moreover, in the hydroponic cultivation method, the sediment causes the filter and the irrigation hole of the fertilizer installation to be blocked, which can cause a failure by putting a load on the liquid feeding system. Since the fertilizer composition of the present invention can avoid these problems because of its excellent water solubility, it is suitable as a fertilizer for hydroponics.

  In addition, urea nitrate suppresses seed germination or significantly damages the leaves of the plant body, but according to the liquid fertilizer composition of the present invention, the growth stage of the plant body before germination, after germination, etc. Regardless of whether or not, especially when applied to the foliage, it exhibits an excellent effect of showing no phytotoxicity, so that foliage treatment can be performed by means such as watering or spraying.

  According to the present invention, calcium phosphate classified as soluble phosphoric acid due to low water solubility can be used as a liquid fertilizer raw material.

  According to the present invention, urea nitrate that has not been substantially used as a fertilizer component due to fear of chemical damage can be used as a fertilizer component.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the solid fertilizer excellent in long-term storage stability can be provided.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, even if it applies to the rhizosphere area of a plant body, especially the stem and / or leaf of a plant body, the fertilizer composition which does not produce a phytotoxicity substantially can be provided.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples and test examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the following description, “part” means “part by weight” unless otherwise specified.

Example 1
10 parts by weight of urea nitrate and 10 parts by weight of dibasic calcium phosphate (particle size: 200 mesh or less content: 10% by weight) are sufficiently mixed with a Shinagawa mixer (Dalton) to obtain a solid fertilizer composition (hereinafter referred to as “solid” Fertilizer composition 1 ”) was obtained.

Example 2
Using 10 parts by weight of urea nitrate and 10 parts by weight of dibasic calcium phosphate (particle size of 200 mesh or less: 58% by weight) in the same manner as in Example 1, a solid fertilizer composition (hereinafter referred to as “solid fertilizer composition 2”). ").

Comparative Examples 1-3
In the combination shown in Table 1, each compound was mixed similarly to Example 1, and the comparative compositions 1-3 were manufactured.

Test Example 1 (Solution Evaluation Test)
Solid fertilizer composition 1, solid fertilizer composition 2 and comparative compositions 1 to 3 were added to 180 parts by weight of water to prepare a 10 wt% concentrated aqueous solution. The transparency of each concentrated aqueous solution was visually observed and evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 1.
A: Excellent transparency.
B: Although precipitation is not recognized, transparency is slightly inferior.
C: A small amount of precipitate is observed.
D: A large amount of precipitate is observed.

Test example 2 (mixing evaluation test)
The state immediately after manufacture of the solid fertilizer composition 1, the solid fertilizer composition 2, and the comparative compositions 1-3 was visually observed and evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 1.
A: Uniform mixing and excellent fluidity.
B: Although it mixes uniformly, it is slightly inferior to fluidity | liquidity.
C: A part lump is recognized.
D: A large lump is recognized.

Test Example 3 (Hygroscopic evaluation test)
Solid fertilizer composition 1, solid fertilizer composition 2 and comparative compositions 1 to 3 were each placed in a weighing bottle, and the weight was measured as the weight before the test. The weighing bottle was left open in a desiccator in which an ammonium sulfate solution was added and the relative humidity was adjusted to 60%. After 7 days, each weighing bottle was taken out and the weight was measured as the weight after the test. The moisture absorption rate was calculated according to the following formula. The results are shown in Table 1.

Further, after the weight measurement, each composition was taken out from the weighing bottle, and the powder state was evaluated according to the following criteria.
A: A smooth solid (powder) and excellent fluidity.
B: Although there is a slightly moist touch, there is no problem in fluidity.
C: A lump is recognized and what has adhered to the inner wall surface of the weighing bottle remains. Clearly poor fluidity.
D: A deliquescent state or solidification after deliquescence is recognized. Clearly poor fluidity.

Test Example 5 (dissolution test)
Solid fertilizer composition 1 50 parts by weight of water was added to 10 parts by weight and dissolved by sufficiently stirring to prepare a concentrated aqueous solution. Next, 2450 parts by weight of water was added to the concentrated aqueous solution and stirred sufficiently to prepare a diluted aqueous solution. The obtained diluted aqueous solution was suction filtered with a membrane filter, and the membrane filter was washed with water and dried. No solid matter was observed on the filter surface, and no change in the filter weight before and after filtration was observed.

Test Example 6 (cultivation test)
Add 20 parts by weight of urea nitrate, 13 parts by weight of dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate (particle size: 200 mesh or less, content: 8% by weight), 24 parts by weight of potassium nitrate and other components, TN: 10%, P ₂ O ₅ : A solid fertilizer composition (hereinafter referred to as “solid fertilizer composition 3”) having 6.0%, K ₂ O: 11%, and others: 1.7% was prepared.

  Solid fertilizer composition 3 10 parts by weight is dissolved in water to form a 50 part by weight solution. Next, 3570 parts by weight of water is further added to this solution to form a liquid fertilizer composition (hereinafter referred to as “liquid fertilizer composition 1”). ) No precipitate was observed in the aqueous solution.

  As a control, a commercially available fertilizer “fertilizer for hydroponically grown fruit vegetables” (manufactured by Katakura Chikkarin Co., Ltd.), a 304-fold diluted aqueous solution (comparative fertilizer 1) and an aqueous solution in which urea nitrate is dissolved in water to make the total nitrogen amount 280 ppm (comparative fertilizer 2) Was used.

  A cultivation test was conducted using Komatsuna “Natsu Rakuten” (Takii Seed Co., Ltd.). The test period was 24 days from late October to mid November. Fill the Neubauer pot (inner diameter 11.3 cm, height 6.5 cm) with 500 ml of soil (Kumiai Aina No. 2, manufactured by Katakura Chikkarin Co., Ltd.), so that the soil moisture in the pot is 50-60%. The liquid fertilizer composition 1, the comparative fertilizer 1 and the comparative fertilizer 2 prepared in the above were added. In each pot, 20 komatsuna seeds were sown and watered as needed during the period until germination. After germination, liquid fertilizer composition 1, comparative fertilizer 1 and comparative fertilizer 2 (20 to 50 ml / day) were applied using rain dew so as to cover the leaf surface from above.

  The number of germination was counted 5 days after sowing, and the germination rate (the ratio of the germination number to the sowing number) was determined. Further, the state of phytotoxicity was visually observed 14 days after sowing, and the leaf length and the living weight per 5 strains were measured 24 days after sowing. In addition, about the test using the comparative fertilizer 2, the test was complete | finished 14 days after sowing.

  The test was conducted in triplicate, and the average value of each test result was determined and shown in Table 2.

  From the above results, it can be seen that the fertilizer composition of the present invention can exhibit a fertilizer effect equivalent to or higher than that of commercially available fertilizers without causing phytotoxicity to the plant body.

Claims (8)

  A solid fertilizer composition comprising urea nitrate and calcium phosphate.   The solid fertilizer composition according to claim 1, comprising 5 to 110 parts by weight of calcium phosphate with respect to 100 parts by weight of urea nitrate.   The solid fertilizer composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the calcium phosphate contains calcium phosphate having a particle diameter of 200 mesh or less, and the content thereof is 40% by weight or less based on the total amount of calcium phosphate.   The solid fertilizer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the calcium phosphate is dicalcium phosphate or a hydrate thereof.   A liquid fertilizer composition comprising urea nitrate and calcium phosphate dissolved in water.   The fertilizer composition in any one of Claims 1-5 used for a hydroponic cultivation method.   The water is added so that the total weight of water becomes 200 to 5000 times the weight of the solid fertilizer composition after dissolving the solid fertilizer composition comprising urea nitrate and calcium phosphate in 3 to 20 times the weight of water. The manufacturing method of the liquid fertilizer composition of description.   The fertilizer application method which applies the liquid fertilizer composition of Claim 5 to the stem and / or leaf of a plant body.