JPWO2007052687A1 - Dispersant, method for producing the same, and pigment composition using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

In the vinyl polymer main chain, the general formula (1): {Y1 is a group of [2 or 3 of A1 to A3 is —C (═O) OH; k is 1 or 2], or [A5 A carboxyl group-containing unit (G) in which two or three of A7 are represented by -C (= O) OH]} is an average amount of 0.3 or more and 3.0 or less per molecule of the vinyl polymer. Dispersants comprising, a method for producing the same, and a pigment composition using the same. According to the dispersant of the present invention, a dispersion excellent in dispersibility, fluidity, and storage stability can be obtained with a low use amount.

Description

  The present invention relates to a dispersant capable of producing a dispersion excellent in dispersibility, fluidity, and storage stability, a method for producing the same, and a pigment composition using the same.

Generally, when manufacturing ink etc., it is known that it is difficult to disperse | distribute a pigment stably at high concentration, and it is known that it will cause various problems with respect to a manufacturing process or the product itself.
For example, dispersions containing pigments composed of fine particles often exhibit high viscosity, making it difficult to remove and transport the product from the disperser, and if bad, cause gelation during storage and use It can even be difficult. Furthermore, regarding the surface of the color-extended product, a state failure such as a decrease in gloss and a leveling failure occurs. In addition, when different types of pigments are used in combination, color unevenness due to aggregation or phenomena such as sedimentation may cause color unevenness or a significant reduction in coloring power.

  Therefore, in general, a dispersant is used in order to maintain a good dispersion state. The dispersant has a structure of a site that adsorbs to the pigment and a site that has a high affinity for the solvent as the dispersion medium, and the performance of the dispersant is determined by the balance of these two functional sites. Various dispersants are used in accordance with the surface state of the pigment to be dispersed, but an acidic dispersant is generally used for pigments having a surface that is biased toward basicity. In this case, the acidic functional group becomes the adsorption site of the pigment.

  Dispersants having a phosphoric acid group or a sulfonic acid group as an acidic functional group are known (for example, Patent Document 1 or Patent Document 2). These have high dispersibility and can produce a pigment dispersion having a low viscosity with a small amount of use. However, when storage stability is poor, defects due to phosphoric acid groups or sulfonic acid groups, such as poor compatibility (problems during production), low heat resistance, or low chemical resistance. Problems sometimes arise, and such a dispersant having a phosphoric acid group or a sulfonic acid group is poor in developability to applied inks or paints.

A dispersant having a carboxylic acid group as an acidic functional group has no problem with a dispersant having a phosphoric acid group or a sulfonic acid group, but tends to be inferior in dispersion ability, and even if the amount used is increased, phosphoric acid It has been difficult to reduce the viscosity as in the case of using a dispersant having a group or a sulfonic acid group.
In recent years, a dispersant using a carboxylic acid group and having improved ability as a dispersant has been proposed. Examples include block copolymerization of an acrylic resin having a carboxylic acid group, and examples in which polyester, polyether, polyurethane, or the like is grafted to an acrylic resin having a carboxylic acid group (for example, Patent Document 3 or Patent Document 4). .
Although these have a high dispersion ability compared with a dispersant having a conventional carboxylic acid group, they have a low dispersion ability and a low viscosity compared to a dispersant having a phosphate group or a sulfonate group. In order to make a stable dispersion, it was necessary to use a certain amount.

  On the other hand, Patent Document 5, Patent Document 6, and Patent Document 7 propose a method of mixing a pigment composition with a synergist having an acidic group or a basic group as a substituent in a side chain using a pigment as a base skeleton. . However, this alone does not always provide a satisfactory effect, and it has been proposed to use a dispersant having a counter ion for synergists having the acidic group or basic group as a substituent as described above. (For example, patent document 8 or patent document 9). Here, the synergist has a structure similar to the chemical structure of the pigment that forms the pigment, and is strongly adsorbed to the pigment by π-π interaction, and the surface of the pigment is covered by the ionic functional group contained in the synergist. The effect of the dispersant or pigment carrier having a counter ion is increased by making it acidic or basic.

  Patent Document 8 exemplifies a pigment composition containing a synergist having a basic group as a substituent and a dispersant having a phosphate group. A dispersant having a phosphoric acid group has a certain degree of pigment dispersion ability in combination with a synergist having a basic group as a substituent, but has poor storage stability or a defect derived from phosphoric acid, such as low heat resistance. In some cases, problems may arise due to poor chemical resistance and poor compatibility. The same applies to the dispersant having sulfonic acid. Pigment compositions using such dispersants having phosphoric acid groups or sulfonic acid groups are poor in expandability to applied inks and paints, etc., while conventional dispersants using carboxylic acids are basic. In the pigment composition in combination with the synergist having a group as a substituent, there is no problem in terms of heat resistance, chemical resistance, compatibility, but high viscosity, poor stability, poor pigment fine dispersion, There was a problem.

Japanese Patent No. 2633075 Japanese Patent No. 2747769 JP 2005-194487 A Japanese Patent No. 3049407 JP-A-63-305173 JP-A-1-247468 JP-A-3-26767 JP-A 63-248864 JP-A-9-176511

The present inventor has eagerly studied the development of a carboxylic acid group-containing dispersant having a high dispersion ability. As a result, a carboxyl group-containing unit having a specific structure is contained in a vinyl polymer main chain (for example, an acrylic polymer). It was found that a dispersant having excellent dispersibility can be obtained by introducing it into the main chain). The present inventor has also newly found an advantageous method for producing a dispersant having a wide range of structures including the vinyl polymer dispersant.
The present invention is based on these findings.

｛一般式（１）中、Ｒ^１は水素原子又はメチル基であり、
Ｘ^１は、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）Ｏ−、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）ＮＨ−、−Ｏ−、−ＯＣ（＝Ｏ）−若しくは−ＣＨ_２Ｏ−であり、
Ｘ^２は、一般式：
−（−Ｒ^ａ１−Ｏ−）_ｍ１−
（式中、Ｒ^ａ１は炭素原子数２〜８の直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルキレン基、又は炭素原子数３〜８のシクロアルキレン基であり、そしてｍ１は１〜５０の整数である）
で表される基であり、
Ｘ^３は、一般式：
−（−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−Ｒ^ｂ１−Ｏ−）_ｍ２−
（Ｒ^ｂ１は炭素原子数４〜８の直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルキレン基、又は炭素原子数４〜８のシクロアルキレン基であり、そしてｍ２は０〜２０の整数である）
で表される基であり、
Ｙ^１は、一般式（２）：

〔一般式（２）中、
（ｉ）Ａ^１〜Ａ^３のうちの１つが水素原子であって、他の２つは−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）ＯＨである組合せであるか、（ii）Ａ^１〜Ａ^３のうちの１つが−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）ＯＲ^ｃ（但し、Ｒ^ｃは、炭素原子数１〜１８のアルキル基である）であって、他の２つは−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）ＯＨである組合せであるか、（iii）Ａ^１〜Ａ^３のうちの１つが一般式（２ａ）：

〔一般式（２ａ）中、
Ｘ^２１は、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）Ｏ−、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）ＮＨ−、−Ｏ−、−ＯＣ（＝Ｏ）−若しくは−ＣＨ_２Ｏ−であり、
Ｘ^２２は、一般式：
−（−Ｒ^ａ２１−Ｏ−）_ｍ２１−
（式中、Ｒ^ａ２１は炭素原子数２〜８の直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルキレン基、又は炭素原子数３〜８のシクロアルキレン基であり、そしてｍ２１は１〜５０の整数である）
で表される基であり、
Ｘ^２３は、一般式：
−（−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−Ｒ^ｂ２１−Ｏ−）_ｍ２２−
（Ｒ^ｂ２１は炭素原子数４〜８の直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルキレン基、又は炭素原子数４〜８のシクロアルキレン基であり、そしてｍ２２は０〜２０の整数である）
で表される基であり、
Ｚ^２１は、一般式（２１）：

〔一般式（２１）中、Ｒ^２１は水素原子又はメチル基である〕
で表される基を含むビニル系重合体主鎖（Ｂ）であって、前記ビニル系重合体主鎖（Ａ）と前記ビニル系重合体主鎖（Ｂ）とは同一の主鎖であるか、あるいは、それぞれ別の主鎖であることができる〕
で表される基であって、他の２つは−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）ＯＨである組合せであるか、あるいは、（iv）Ａ^１〜Ａ^３の３つが−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）ＯＨであり、ｋは１又は２である〕
で表される基であるか、あるいは一般式（３）：

〔一般式（３）中、
（ｖ）Ａ^５〜Ａ^７のうち１つは水素原子であって、他の２つは−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）ＯＨである組合せであるか、（vi）Ａ^５〜Ａ^７のうち１つは−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）ＯＲ^ｄ（但し、Ｒ^ｄは、炭素原子数１〜１８のアルキル基である）であって、他の２つは−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）ＯＨである組合せであるか、（vii）Ａ^５〜Ａ^７のうちの１つが一般式（３ａ）：

〔一般式（３ａ）中、
Ｘ^３１は、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）Ｏ−、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）ＮＨ−、−Ｏ−、−ＯＣ（＝Ｏ）−若しくは−ＣＨ_２Ｏ−であり、
Ｘ^３２は、一般式：
−（−Ｒ^ａ３１−Ｏ−）_ｍ３１−
（式中、Ｒ^ａ３１は炭素原子数２〜８の直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルキレン基、又は炭素原子数３〜８のシクロアルキレン基であり、そしてｍ３１は１〜５０の整数である）
で表される基であり、
Ｘ^３３は、一般式：
−（−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−Ｒ^ｂ３１−Ｏ−）_ｍ３２−
（Ｒ^ｂ３１は炭素原子数４〜８の直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルキレン基、又は炭素原子数４〜８のシクロアルキレン基であり、そしてｍ３２は０〜２０の整数である）
で表される基であり、
Ｚ^３１は、一般式（３１）：

〔一般式（３１）中、Ｒ^３１は水素原子又はメチル基である〕
で表される基を含むビニル系重合体主鎖（Ｃ）であって、前記ビニル系重合体主鎖（Ａ）と前記ビニル系重合体主鎖（Ｃ）とは同一の主鎖であるか、あるいは、それぞれ別の主鎖であることができる〕
で表される基であって、他の２つは−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）ＯＨである組合せであるか、あるいは、（viii）Ａ^５〜Ａ^７の３つが−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）ＯＨであり、
Ｒ^２は、直接結合、−ＣＨ_２−、−Ｏ−、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）ＯＣＨ_２ＣＨ_２ＯＣ（＝Ｏ）−、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）ＯＣＨ（ＯＣ（＝Ｏ）ＣＨ_３）ＣＨ_２ＯＣ（＝Ｏ）−、−ＳＯ_２−、−Ｃ（ＣＦ_３）_２−、式：

で表される基、又は式：

で表される基である〕で表される基である｝
で表されるカルボキシル基含有単位（Ｇ）を、ビニル系重合体の１分子あたり平均０．３個以上３．０個以下の量で含むことを特徴とする、ビニル系分散剤〔以下、ビニル系分散剤（ａ）と称することがある〕に関する。Therefore, the present invention
In the vinyl polymer main chain (A), the general formula (1):

{In General Formula (1), R ¹ is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group;
X ¹ is —C (═O) O—, —C (═O) NH—, —O—, —OC (═O) — or —CH ₂ O—,
X ² is a general formula:
-(-R ^a1 -O-) _m1-
(Wherein R ^a1 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkylene group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and m1 is an integer of 1 to 50)
A group represented by
X ³ is a general formula:
-(-C (= O) -R ^b1 -O-) _m2-
(R ^b1 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkylene group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, and m2 is an integer of 0 to 20)
A group represented by
Y ¹ represents the general formula (2):

[In general formula (2),
(I) ^{one of} A ^{1 to} A ³ is a hydrogen atom and the other two are —C (═O) OH, or (ii) ^{one of} A ^{1 to} A ³ One is —C (═O) OR ^c (wherein R ^c is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms) and the other two are —C (═O) OH? , (Iii) ^{one of} A ^{1 to} A ³ is represented by the general formula (2a):

[In general formula (2a),
X ²¹ is —C (═O) O—, —C (═O) NH—, —O—, —OC (═O) — or —CH ₂ O—,
X ²² represents a general formula:
-(-R ^a21 -O-) _m21-
(Wherein R ^a21 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkylene group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and m21 is an integer of 1 to 50)
A group represented by
X ²³ represents a general formula:
-(-C (= O) -R ^b21 -O-) _m22-
(R ^b21 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkylene group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, and m22 is an integer of 0 to 20)
A group represented by
Z ²¹ represents the general formula (21):

[In general formula (21), R ²¹ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group]
Whether the vinyl polymer main chain (A) and the vinyl polymer main chain (B) are the same main chain. Or each can be a separate main chain)
Or the other two are a combination of —C (═O) OH, or (iv) ^three of A ^{1 to} A ³ are —C (═O) OH. , K is 1 or 2]
Or a group represented by the general formula (3):

[In general formula (3),
(V) one of A ^{5 to} A ⁷ is a hydrogen atom and the other two are a combination of —C (═O) OH, or (vi) one of A ^{5 to} A ⁷ Is —C (═O) OR ^d (where R ^d is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms) and the other two are —C (═O) OH? , (Vii) one of A ^{5 to} A ⁷ is represented by the general formula (3a):

[In general formula (3a),
X ³¹ is —C (═O) O—, —C (═O) NH—, —O—, —OC (═O) — or —CH ₂ O—,
X ³² represents a general formula:
-(-R ^a31 -O-) _m31-
(Wherein R ^a31 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkylene group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and m31 is an integer of 1 to 50)
A group represented by
X ³³ represents a general formula:
^{- (- C (= O)} -R b31 -O-) m32 -
( ^Rb31 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkylene group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, and m32 is an integer of 0 to 20)
A group represented by
Z ³¹ represents the general formula (31):

[In General Formula (31), R ³¹ is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group]
Whether the vinyl polymer main chain (A) and the vinyl polymer main chain (C) are the same main chain or not. Or each can be a separate main chain)
Or the other two are a combination of —C (═O) OH, or (viii) three of A ^{5 to} A ⁷ are —C (═O) OH. ,
R ² is a direct bond, —CH ₂ —, —O—, —C (═O) —, —C (═O) OCH ₂ CH ₂ OC (═O) —, —C (═O) OCH (OC _{(= O) CH 3) CH} 2 OC (= O) -, - SO 2 -, - C (CF 3) 2 -, wherein:

Or a group represented by the formula:

Is a group represented by
A vinyl dispersant (hereinafter referred to as vinyl), characterized in that the vinyl group-containing unit (G) is contained in an amount of 0.3 to 3.0 on average per molecule of the vinyl polymer. It may be referred to as a system dispersant (a)].

In a preferred embodiment of the vinyl dispersant (a) of the present invention, A ^{1 to} A ³ in the general formula (2) are the combination (i), or A ^{5 to} A ⁷ in the general formula (3). Is the combination (v).
In another preferred embodiment of the vinyl dispersant (a) of the present invention, A ^{1 to} A ³ in the general formula (2) are the combination (iii), or A ⁵ to the general formula (3) A ⁷ is the combination (vii).
In still another preferred embodiment of the vinyl dispersant (a) of the present invention, Y ^{1 of the} carboxyl group-containing unit (G) represented by the general formula (1) is a group represented by the general formula (2). is there.

〔一般式（４）中、
Ｇは、請求項１に記載の一般式（１）で示されるカルボキシル基含有単位（Ｇ）を示し、
Ｒ^４は、水素原子又はメチル基を示し、
Ｒ^５は、水素原子又はメチル基を示し、
Ｒ^６は、芳香族基、又は−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−Ｘ^７−Ｒ^７（但し、Ｘ^７は、−Ｏ−若しくは−ＮＨ−であり、Ｒ^７は、水素原子又は炭素原子数１〜１８の直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルキル基であり、前記Ｒ^７は、置換基として芳香族基を有していることができる）であり、
Ｘ^４は、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）Ｏ−、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）ＮＨ−、−Ｏ−、−ＯＣ（＝Ｏ）−若しくは−ＣＨ_２Ｏ−であり、
Ｘ^５は、式：
−（−Ｒ^ａ２−Ｏ−）_ｍ３−
（式中、Ｒ^ａ２は炭素原子数２〜８の直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルキレン基、又は炭素原子数３〜８のシクロアルキレン基であり、そしてｍ３は１〜５０の整数である）
で表される基であり、
Ｘ^６は、式：
−（−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−Ｒ^ｂ４−Ｏ−）_ｍ４−
（式中、Ｒ^ｂ２は炭素原子数４〜８の直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルキレン基であり、そしてｍ４は０〜２０の整数である）
で表される基であり、
一般式（４）中の前記カルボキシル基含有単位（Ｇ）、−Ｘ^４−Ｘ^５−Ｘ^６−Ｈを含む水酸基含有単位（Ｊ）、及び−Ｃ（Ｒ^５）（Ｒ^６）−を含む主鎖構成単位（Ｋ）の配置は、その順序を限定するものではなく、一般式（４）で表されるビニル系重合体主鎖において、各単位Ｇ、Ｊ、及びＫが任意の順序で含まれていることを示し、更に、各単位Ｇ、Ｊ、及びＫは、ランダム型又はブロック型で含まれていることができ、
一般式（４）中に含まれている前記カルボキシル基含有単位（Ｇ）、前記水酸基含有単位（Ｊ）、及び主鎖構成単位（Ｋ）は、それらが複数個で存在する場合は、相互に同一又は異なっていることができ、そして
ｐ１、ｐ２、及びｐ３はビニル系分散剤一分子あたりの各構成単位の平均個数を示し、ｐ１は０．３以上３．０以下であり、ｐ２は０以上１８０以下であり、ｐ３は６以上２５０以下である〕
で示される。In still another preferred embodiment of the vinyl dispersant (a) of the present invention, the general formula (4):

[In general formula (4),
G represents a carboxyl group-containing unit (G) represented by the general formula (1) according to claim 1,
R ⁴ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
R ⁵ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
R ⁶ is an aromatic group, or —C (═O) —X ⁷ —R ⁷ (where X ⁷ is —O— or —NH—, and R ⁷ is a hydrogen atom or a carbon atom number of 1 to 18 linear or branched alkyl groups, and R ⁷ can have an aromatic group as a substituent).
X ⁴ is —C (═O) O—, —C (═O) NH—, —O—, —OC (═O) — or —CH ₂ O—,
X ⁵ represents the formula:
-(-R ^a2 -O-) _m3-
(Wherein R ^a2 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkylene group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and m3 is an integer of 1 to 50)
A group represented by
X ⁶ represents the formula:
-(-C (= O) -R ^b4 -O-) _m4-
(Wherein R ^b2 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, and m4 is an integer of 0 to 20)
A group represented by
Including the carboxyl group-containing unit (G) in the general formula (4), a hydroxyl group-containing unit (J) containing -X ⁴ -X ⁵ -X ⁶ -H, and -C (R ⁵ ) (R ⁶ )- The arrangement of the main chain structural unit (K) does not limit the order thereof, and in the vinyl polymer main chain represented by the general formula (4), the units G, J, and K are in any order. Each unit G, J, and K can be included in a random or block form,
When the carboxyl group-containing unit (G), the hydroxyl group-containing unit (J), and the main chain constituent unit (K) contained in the general formula (4) are present in a plurality, P1, p2 and p3 represent the average number of each structural unit per molecule of the vinyl dispersant, p1 is 0.3 or more and 3.0 or less, and p2 is 0. Is 180 or less and p3 is 6 or more and 250 or less.
Indicated by

  In still another preferred embodiment of the vinyl dispersant (a) of the present invention, the number average molecular weight is 500 or more and 40000 or less.

The present invention also relates to a pigment composition comprising a pigment and the vinyl dispersant (a).
In a preferred embodiment of the pigment composition according to the present invention, the pigment composition further comprises a pigment derivative having a basic group, an anthraquinone derivative having a basic group, an acridone derivative having a basic group, and a triazine derivative having a basic group. Contains at least one selected basic synergist.

The present invention also provides:
(A) An ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) and a tricarboxylic acid anhydride (M3) or a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (M4) are reacted to produce an ethylenically unsaturated monomer. And (B) a vinyl dispersant [hereinafter referred to as vinyl-based dispersion] comprising a step of copolymerizing the ethylenically unsaturated monomer obtained in the step (A) and another ethylenically unsaturated monomer. It may be referred to as an agent (A)].

The present invention also provides:
(C) a step of copolymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) having a hydroxyl group with another ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and (D) a copolymerized hydroxyl group obtained in the step (C). The present invention relates to a method for producing a vinyl-based dispersant (A), which comprises a step of reacting tricarboxylic acid anhydride (M3) or tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (M4).

The present invention also provides:
While copolymerizing the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) having a hydroxyl group with another ethylenically unsaturated monomer, a tricarboxylic acid anhydride (M3) or a tetracarboxylic dianhydride (M4) is added to the hydroxyl group. The present invention relates to a method for producing a vinyl-based dispersant (A) that is allowed to react simultaneously.

In the preferable aspect of each said manufacturing method, the acid anhydride made to react is a trimellitic acid anhydride.
In another preferable embodiment of each of the production methods, the acid anhydride to be reacted is an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride.

  Moreover, this invention relates to the vinyl type dispersing agent (A) manufactured by any one manufacturing method of said each manufacturing method.

By using the vinyl-based dispersant (a) of the present invention in a pigment composition, it is possible to obtain dispersibility, fluidity, and storage stability at a low use amount, and at the same time, the heat resistance of the color developed product, And chemical resistance can be obtained.
In addition, according to the production method of the present invention, the vinyl dispersant (A) having a wide range of structures including the vinyl dispersant (a) can be advantageously produced.

In the present invention, the carboxyl group-containing unit (G) represented by the general formula (1) [particularly, the general formula (1) is contained in the vinyl polymer main chain (for example, in the acrylic polymer main chain). in a group Y ^1], vinyl dispersing agent characterized in that it comprises the average 0.3 or more 3.0 or less per molecule of the vinyl polymer regarding (a).

In general, pigment dispersants have a structure that has a site that adsorbs to the pigment and a site that has a high affinity for the solvent that is the dispersion medium, and that the performance of the dispersant is determined by the balance of these two functional sites. explained. That is, in order to develop dispersibility, both the ability of the dispersant to adsorb to the pigment and the affinity to the solvent as the dispersion medium are very important. In the carboxyl group-containing unit (G) represented by the general formula (1), Y ¹ represented by the general formula (2) or the general formula (3) is directly bonded to the ring-constituting carbon atom of the aromatic ring. Have two or three carboxyl groups bonded to each other, and a plurality of carboxyl groups bonded directly to the ring-constituting carbon atoms of this aromatic ring serve as adsorption sites for the pigment. However, when Y ¹ has only one carboxyl group (outside the scope of the present invention), high dispersibility, fluidity, and storage stability are not exhibited, which is not preferable.

In the vinyl dispersant (a) according to the present invention, the carboxyl group-containing unit (G) represented by the general formula (1) in one molecule [particularly, the group Y ¹ in the general formula (1)] has an average of 0. It is important to include 3 or more and 3.0 or less. More preferably, it is 0.35 or more and 2.0 or less, and most preferably 0.4 or more and 1.5 or less. When the number is less than 0.3, the number of sites adsorbed on the pigment is small, and as a result, the dispersion ability is lowered. On the other hand, when the number is more than 3.0, there are too many sites to be adsorbed to the pigment, and conversely, the dispersibility may be lowered.

であることが好ましく、更に、Ｒ^ａ１は炭素原子数１〜４の炭化水素基（例えば、メチレン基、エチレン基、直鎖状若しくは分岐状プロピレン基、又は直鎖状若しくは分岐状ブチレン基）であることが好ましく、ｍ１は１〜１０であることが好ましく（更に好ましくは１〜３）、Ｒ^ｂ１は、ペンタメチレン基であることが好ましく、ｍ２は０〜５であることが好ましい（更に好ましくは０〜３）。In the general formula (1), from the viewpoint of reducing the viscosity of the pigment dispersion and storage stability, the general formula (1) is a general formula (1 ′) in which X ¹ is —C (═O) O—:

Further, R ^a1 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (for example, a methylene group, an ethylene group, a linear or branched propylene group, or a linear or branched butylene group). Preferably, m1 is preferably 1 to 10 (more preferably 1 to 3), R ^b1 is preferably a pentamethylene group, and m2 is preferably 0 to 5 (more preferably). 0-3).

In particular, Y ¹ is a combination in which one of A ^{1 to} A ^{3 in} the general formula (2) is a hydrogen atom and the other two are —C (═O) OH groups, or It is preferable that one of A ^{5 to} A ^{7 in} the general formula (3) is a hydrogen atom and the other two are —C (═O) OH groups.

As another embodiment, ^one of A ^{1 to} A ^{3 in} the general formula (2) is a group represented by the general formula (2a), and the other two are —C (═O) OH. Or one of A ^{5 to} A ^{7 in} the general formula (3) is a group represented by the general formula (3a), and the other two are —C (═O). A combination that is OH is preferred. One embodiment of the vinyl dispersant of the present invention including such a combination can be represented by, for example, general formula (4A).

〔一般式（４Ａ）中、曲線部分はビニル系重合体主鎖を描写したものであり、
Ｒ^１及びＸ^１〜Ｘ^３は、前記一般式（１）における各基と同じ意味であり、
Ｒ^１１及びＸ^１１〜Ｘ^１３は、それぞれ、前記一般式（１）におけるＲ^１及びＸ^１〜Ｘ^３と同じ意味であり（但し、Ｒ^１１とＲ^１、Ｘ^１１とＸ^１、Ｘ^１２とＸ^２、Ｘ^１３とＸ^３は、それぞれ、互いに独立しているものとする）、
Ｙ^２は、一般式（２’）：

〔一般式（２’）中、ｋ’は１又は２である〕
又は、一般式（３’）：

〔一般式（３’）中、Ｒ^２’は、前記一般式（３）における基Ｒ^２と同じ意味である〕
で表される４価の有機残基である。
Ｅ^１〜Ｅ^４は、ビニル系重合体主鎖の末端を示す。ここで、Ｅ^１末端若しくはＥ^２末端は、Ｅ^３末端又はＥ^４末端と結合していてもよい。ただし、Ｅ^１末端とＥ^２末端とが同時に同じ末端に結合することはない。〕General formula (4A):

[In general formula (4A), the curved portion is a depiction of the vinyl polymer main chain,
R ¹ and X ^{1 to} X ³ have the same meaning as each group in the general formula (1),
R ¹¹ and X ^{11 to} X ¹³ have the same meaning as R ¹ and X ^{1 to} X ³ in the general formula (1), respectively (provided that R ¹¹ and R ¹ , X ¹¹ and X ¹ , X ¹² and X ² , X ¹³ and X ³ are independent of each other),
Y ² represents the general formula (2 ′):

[In general formula (2 ′), k ′ is 1 or 2]
Or, general formula (3 ′):

[In the general formula (3 ′), R ^{2 ′} has the same meaning as the group R ² in the general formula (3)].
Is a tetravalent organic residue.
E ^{1 to} E ⁴ represent the ends of the vinyl polymer main chain. Here, E ¹ terminal or E ² terminal may be combined with E ³ terminal or E ⁴ terminal. However, the E ¹ end and the E ² end are not simultaneously bonded to the same end. ]

〔式中、Ｒ^１及びＸ^１〜Ｘ^３、Ｒ^１１及びＸ^１１〜Ｘ^１３、並びにＹ^２は、前記一般式（４Ａ）における各基と同じ意味であり、
一般式（４ｂ）：

で表される主鎖構成単位（Ｂ）は、ビニル系重合体主鎖を構成可能な構成単位〔例えば、後述の一般式（４ｊ）で表される水酸基含有単位（Ｊ）若しくは一般式（４ｋ）で表される主鎖構成単位（Ｋ）、又は一般式（１）で示されるカルボキシル基含有単位（Ｇ）（但し、一般式（１）において、一般式（２）中のＡ^１〜Ａ^３がいずれも一般式（２Ａ）で表される基ではなく、一般式（３）中のＡ^５〜Ａ^７がいずれも一般式（３Ａ）で表される基でないものとする）〕であり、
ｍ４１は、０以上４３０以下である〕
で表される主鎖構成単位を含む。In the general formula (4A), when the E ¹ terminal or the E ² terminal is bonded to the E ³ terminal or the E ⁴ terminal [for example, in the general formula (2a), the vinyl polymer main chain (B) Is the same main chain as the vinyl polymer main chain (A), or in the general formula (3a), the vinyl polymer main chain (C) is the same main chain as the vinyl polymer main chain (A). In the case of a chain], in the vinyl polymer main chain, the general formula (4B):

[Wherein, R ¹ and X ^{1 to} X ³ , R ¹¹ and X ^{11 to} X ¹³ , and Y ² have the same meaning as each group in the general formula (4A),
General formula (4b):

The structural unit (B) represented by the formula is a structural unit capable of constituting a vinyl polymer main chain [for example, a hydroxyl group-containing unit (J) or a general formula (4k represented by the general formula (4j) described later) ) Or a carboxyl group-containing unit (G) represented by the general formula (1) (in the general formula (1), A ^{1 to} A in the general formula (2)) ³ is not a group represented by the general formula (2A), and A ^{5 to} A ⁷ in the general formula (3) are not groups represented by the general formula (3A))] ,
m41 is 0 or more and 430 or less]
The main chain structural unit represented by these is included.

In the general formula (4A), when the E ¹ terminal or E ² terminal is not bonded to the E ³ terminal or the E ⁴ terminal [for example, in the general formula (2a), the vinyl polymer main chain (B) is a main chain different from the vinyl polymer main chain (A), or in the general formula (3a), the vinyl polymer main chain (C) is a vinyl polymer main chain (A). The main chain (A) of the vinyl polymer main chain (A) is Z ²¹ [that is, the main chain of the vinyl polymer containing a group represented by the general formula (21) ( B)] or Z ³¹ [that is, the vinyl polymer main chain (C) containing a group represented by the general formula (31)] can be applied as it is according to the common general technical knowledge of those skilled in the art.

で表される基であることが好ましい。Furthermore, in the general formula (1), Y ¹ is preferably a group represented by the general formula (2), and more preferably, k is 1. When Y ¹ is represented by the general formula (3), R ² is a direct bond, —C (═O) OCH ₂ CH ₂ OC (═O) —, or a formula:

It is preferable that it is group represented by these.

〔一般式（４ｊ）中、Ｒ^４、Ｘ^４、Ｘ^５、及びＸ^６は、前記と同じ意味である〕
で表される水酸基含有単位（Ｊ）と、一般式（４ｋ）：

〔一般式（４ｋ）中、Ｒ^５及びＲ^６は、前記と同じ意味である〕
で表される主鎖構成単位（Ｋ）との各構成単位からなるブロック共重合体又はランダム共重合体を挙げることができる。Examples of the vinyl dispersant (a) according to the present invention include a carboxyl group-containing unit (G) represented by the general formula (1) and a general formula (4j):

[In General Formula (4j), R ⁴ , X ⁴ , X ⁵ , and X ⁶ have the same meaning as described above.]
A hydroxyl group-containing unit (J) represented by the general formula (4k):

[In General Formula (4k), R ⁵ and R ⁶ have the same meaning as described above]
The block copolymer or random copolymer which consists of each structural unit with the main chain structural unit (K) represented by these can be mentioned.

Accordingly, the preferred vinyl dispersant (a) according to the present invention is the general formula (4) or the general formula (4a):
-[G] p1- [J] p2- [K] p3- (4a)
It is a copolymer represented by these. Here, G is a carboxyl group-containing unit represented by the general formula (1), J is a hydroxyl group-containing unit represented by the general formula (4j), and K is the general formula (4k). ), P1 is 0.3 or more and 3.0 or less (preferably 0.35 or more and 2.0 or less, more preferably 0.4 or more and 1.5 or less), and p2 is 0. 180 or less (preferably 0.05 or more and 50 or less), and p3 is 6 or more and 250 or less (preferably 10 or more and 100 or less). In the general formula (4a), the carboxyl group-containing unit (G), the hydroxyl group-containing unit (J), and the main chain constituent unit (K) each exist in a block copolymerization format or a random copolymerization format. Can do. Furthermore, the carboxyl group-containing unit (G), the hydroxyl group-containing unit (J), and the main chain structural unit (K) can each be present in plural in the general formula (4a). In this case, each unit can be the same or different from each other. For example, the main chain structural unit (K) can include structural units having two or more structures. The arrangement of the carboxyl group-containing unit (G), the hydroxyl group-containing unit (J), and the main chain constituent unit (K) in the general formula (4a) is [G] p1, [J] p2, and [K] p3. Are not meant to be included in this order, but each unit G, J, and K can be included in any order.

In the hydroxyl group-containing unit (J) contained in the vinyl dispersant (a) according to the present invention represented by the general formula (4) or the general formula (4a), X ⁴ is —C (═O) O—. R ^a2 is preferably a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (for example, a methylene group, an ethylene group, a linear or branched propylene group, or a linear or branched butylene group). M3 is preferably 1 to 10 (more preferably 1 to 3), R ^b4 is preferably a pentamethylene group, and m4 is preferably 0 to 5 (more preferably 0). ~ 3).

In the vinyl dispersant (a) according to the present invention represented by the general formula (4) or the general formula (4a), as the main chain structural unit (K), R ⁵ is a methyl group, and R ⁶ is It is preferable to include a main chain structural unit (K1) which is —C (═O) —O—CH ₂ —Ar (wherein Ar is an aromatic group, particularly a phenyl group). The main chain constituent unit (K1) preferably has an average amount of 1 or more and 100 or less per molecule of the vinyl polymer, and the vinyl dispersant (a) of this embodiment is excellent in dispersion ability. .

Further, in the vinyl dispersant (a) according to the present invention represented by the general formula (4) or the general formula (4a), R ⁵ is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group as the main chain constituent unit (K). A main chain structural unit (K2) in which R ⁶ is —C (═O) —O—R ⁷ (wherein R ⁷ is a linear or branched alkyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms) It is preferable to include. It is more preferable that the main chain structural unit (K2) coexists with the main chain structural unit (K1) in the vinyl dispersant (a).

Furthermore, in the vinyl dispersant (a) according to the present invention represented by the general formula (4) or the general formula (4a), R ⁵ is a hydrogen atom as the main chain constituent unit (K), The main chain structural unit (K3) in which R ⁶ is an aromatic group (particularly a phenyl group) is used alone or together with the main chain structural unit (K1) and / or the main chain structural unit (K2). It is preferable to include. Further, as the main chain structural unit (K), a main chain structural unit (K4) in which R ⁵ is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R ⁶ is a carboxyl group, the main chain structural unit (K1), main chain It can also be contained together with the structural unit (K2) and / or the main chain structural unit (K3).

  When the main chain structural unit (K1) and the main chain structural unit (K2) coexist, their ratio (K1 / K2) is, for example, 0.01 to 100, preferably 0.1 to 10. be able to. Further, when the main chain structural unit (K3) coexists with the main chain structural unit (K1) and / or the main chain structural unit (K2), the ratio [K3 / (K1 + K2)] is, for example, 0. It can be 01-10, preferably 0.05-2. Furthermore, when the main chain structural unit (K4) is allowed to coexist with the other main chain structural units (K), the ratio [K4 / K] is, for example, 0 to 0.2, preferably 0 to 0. .1.

  The end of the main chain of the vinyl dispersant (a) represented by the general formula (4) is derived from a known polymerization method of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, or a structure considered in the polymerization process, for example, a polymerization initiator It may have a chemical structure derived from a chain transfer agent, a solvent, or an ethylenically unsaturated monomer.

  The number average molecular weight of the vinyl dispersant (a) according to the present invention is preferably 500 or more and 40000 or less, more preferably 1000 or more and 20000 or less, and most preferably 1500 or more and 16000 or less. Even if the number average molecular weight is less than 500 or more than 40000, the dispersibility or fluidity may be lowered.

  The vinyl dispersant (a) according to the present invention can be prepared by the production method according to the present invention. According to the production method of the present invention described later, not only the vinyl dispersant (a) but also a vinyl dispersant (A) having a wide structure including the vinyl dispersant (a) is produced. Can do. That is, the vinyl dispersant (a) according to the present invention can be prepared by selecting a specific starting material in the production method of the present invention described later.

As a manufacturing method of the vinyl type dispersing agent (A) of this invention, the following manufacturing methods 1-3 can be mentioned.
Manufacturing method 1:
(A) An ethylenically unsaturated monomer obtained by previously reacting an ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) having a hydroxyl group with a tricarboxylic acid anhydride (M3) or a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (M4) is produced. Process,
(B) It comprises a step of copolymerizing the ethylenically unsaturated monomer with another ethylenically unsaturated monomer.

Manufacturing method 2:
(C) a step of copolymerizing the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) having a hydroxyl group with another ethylenically unsaturated monomer,
(D) It comprises a step of reacting a tricarboxylic acid anhydride (M3) or a tetracarboxylic dianhydride (M4) with a hydroxyl group of the copolymer.

Manufacturing method 3:
While copolymerizing the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) having a hydroxyl group with another ethylenically unsaturated monomer, a tricarboxylic acid anhydride (M3) or a tetracarboxylic dianhydride (M4) is added to the hydroxyl group. React at the same time.

  As the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) having a hydroxyl group used in the above production method, any monomer having a hydroxyl group and having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond may be used. Specifically, (meth) acrylate monomers having a hydroxyl group, for example, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2 (or 3) -hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 2 (or 3 or 4) ) -Hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate and hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate such as cyclohexanedimethanol mono (meth) acrylate, and alkyl-α-hydroxyalkyl acrylate such as ethyl-α-hydroxymethyl acrylate, or a hydroxyl group (meta ) Acrylamide monomers such as N- (2-hydroxyethyl) N- (hydroxyalkyl) (meth) acrylamides such as (meth) acrylamide, N- (2-hydroxypropyl) (meth) acrylamide, N- (2-hydroxybutyl) (meth) acrylamide, or vinyl ether-based singles having a hydroxyl group A monomer, for example, a hydroxyalkyl vinyl ether such as 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether, 2- (or 3-) hydroxypropyl vinyl ether, 2- (or 3- or 4-) hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, or an allyl ether-based monomer having a hydroxyl group Bodies, for example, hydroxyalkyl allyl ethers such as 2-hydroxyethyl allyl ether, 2- (or 3-) hydroxypropyl allyl ether, 2- (or 3- or 4-) hydroxybutyl allyl ether.

  Also obtained by adding alkylene oxide and / or lactone to the above hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate, alkyl-α-hydroxyalkyl acrylate, N- (hydroxyalkyl) (meth) acrylamide, hydroxyalkyl vinyl ether or hydroxyalkylallyl ether. The ethylenically unsaturated monomer obtained can also be used as the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) having a hydroxyl group in the method of the present invention. As the alkylene oxide to be added, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, 1,2-, 1,4-, 2,3- or 1,3-butylene oxide and a combination system of two or more thereof are used. When two or more kinds of alkylene oxide are used in combination, the bonding form may be random and / or block. As the lactone to be added, δ-valerolactone, ε-caprolactone, ε-caprolactone substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a combination system of two or more of these are used. What added both alkylene oxide and lactone may be used.

  Examples of the tricarboxylic acid anhydride (M3) include aliphatic tricarboxylic acid anhydrides, aromatic tricarboxylic acid anhydrides, and polycyclic tricarboxylic acid anhydrides.

  Examples of the aliphatic tricarboxylic acid anhydride include 3-carboxymethylglutaric acid anhydride, 1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid-1,2-anhydride, cis-propene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid- 1,2-anhydride, 1,3,4-cyclopentanetricarboxylic acid anhydride, etc. are mentioned.

  Examples of the aromatic tricarboxylic acid include benzenetricarboxylic acid anhydride (1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylic acid anhydride, trimellitic acid anhydride (1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid anhydride), etc.), naphthalenetricarboxylic acid, and the like. Acid anhydride (1,2,4-naphthalenetricarboxylic acid anhydride, 1,4,5-naphthalenetricarboxylic acid anhydride, 2,3,6-naphthalenetricarboxylic acid anhydride, 1,2,8-naphthalenetricarboxylic acid anhydride Products), 3,4,4′-benzophenone tricarboxylic acid anhydride, 3,4,4′-biphenyl ether tricarboxylic acid anhydride, 3,4,4′-biphenyl tricarboxylic acid anhydride, 2,3,2 ′ -Biphenyltricarboxylic acid anhydride, 3,4,4'-biphenylmethanetricarboxylic acid anhydride, 3,4,4'-biphenyl Sulfonic tricarboxylic acid anhydrides.

  In addition, in the method of the present invention, in one of the tetracarboxylic dianhydrides (M4) described later, one acid anhydride of one molecule is converted to water, an alcohol having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a cyclohexane having 5 to 18 carbon atoms. Alcohol (eg, methanol, ethanol, linear or branched propanol, linear or branched butanol, linear or branched pentanol or cyclopentanol, linear or branched hexanol or cyclohexanol , Linear or branched heptanol or cycloheptanol, linear or branched octanol or cyclooctanol, linear or branched nonanol or cyclononanol, linear or branched decanol or cyclodecane Nord, linear or branched Examples include decanol or cyclododecanol, linear or branched myristyl alcohol or cyclomyristyl alcohol, linear or branched cetyl alcohol or cyclocetyl alcohol, linear or branched stearyl alcohol, or cyclostearyl alcohol. The tetracarboxylic acid monoanhydride and the tetracarboxylic acid monoester monoanhydride that were ring-opened in (1) can also be used as the tricarboxylic acid anhydride (M3) in the method of the present invention. In the present specification, an aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid monoester monoanhydride is an aliphatic tricarboxylic acid anhydride, an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid monoester monoanhydride is an aromatic tricarboxylic acid anhydride, a polycyclic tetracarboxylic acid anhydride. The monoester monoanhydride is described as a polycyclic tricarboxylic acid anhydride. Specific examples of these tetracarboxylic anhydride monoester monoanhydrides are obvious to those skilled in the art from the tetracarboxylic dianhydrides described below.

  Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride (M4) include aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, and polycyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides.

  Examples of the aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride include 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, and 1,3-dimethyl. -1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentylacetic dianhydride, 3, 5,6-tricarboxynorbornane-2-acetic acid dianhydride, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofurantetracarboxylic dianhydride, 5- (2,5-dioxotetrahydrofural) -3-methyl-3- Examples include cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic dianhydride and bicyclo [2,2,2] -oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride.

  Examples of the aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride include pyromellitic dianhydride, ethylene glycol ditrimellitic anhydride ester, propylene glycol ditrimellitic anhydride ester, butylene glycol ditrimellitic anhydride ester, 3, 3 ', 4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3', 4,4'-biphenylsulfone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyl ether tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-dimethyldiphenylsilanetetracarboxylic Acid dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-tetraphenylsilanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-fura Tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 4,4′-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) diphenyl sulfide dianhydride, 4,4′-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) diphenylsulfone dianhydride, 4 , 4′-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) diphenylpropane dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-perfluoroisopropylidenediphthalic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4 ′ -Biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, bis (phthalic acid) phenylphosphine oxide dianhydride, p-phenylene-bis (triphenylphthalic acid) dianhydride, m-phenylene-bis (triphenylphthalic acid) dianhydride Bis (triphenylphthalic acid) -4,4′-diphenyl ether dianhydride, bis (triphenylphthalic acid) -4,4′-diphenylmeta Dianhydrides, 9,9-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) fluorenic dianhydride, 9,9-bis [4- (3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) phenyl] fluoric dianhydride and the like. Can be mentioned.

  Examples of the polycyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride include 3,4-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalene succinic dianhydride and 3,4-dicarboxy-1,2 , 3,4-tetrahydro-6-methyl-1-naphthalene succinic dianhydride and the like.

The production method 1 according to the present invention will be described in more detail.
In the production method 1 of the present invention, first, Step A in which an ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) having a hydroxyl group is reacted with a tricarboxylic acid anhydride (M3) or a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (M4) is performed. This step A is preferably carried out at 80 ° C. to 150 ° C. by adding a polymerization inhibitor while flowing dry air into the reactor so that the monomer does not thermally polymerize. More preferably, it is 90 to 130 ° C. Examples of the polymerization inhibitor include hydroquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, methyl hydroquinone and the like.

  When the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) having a hydroxyl group and the tricarboxylic acid anhydride (M3) are reacted in Step A, the reaction ratio is “the number of moles of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) having a hydroxyl group”. / Mole number of tricarboxylic acid anhydride (M3) "is preferably 0.8 or more and 10 or less. More preferably, it is 0.9 or more and 5 or less, and further preferably 0.95 or more and 2 or less. If it is less than 0.8, the tricarboxylic acid anhydride (M3) remains, which is not preferable. If it exceeds 10, a large amount of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) having a hydroxyl group remains, and the amount of other ethylenically unsaturated monomers that can be copolymerized in the subsequent step B decreases, which is not preferable.

  In the step A, when the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) having a hydroxyl group and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride (M4) are reacted, the reaction ratio is “of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) having a hydroxyl group”. It is preferable that “number of moles / number of moles of tetracarboxylic dianhydride (M4)” is 0.5 or more and 10.0 or less. More preferably, it is 1.0 or more and 5.0 or less. If it is less than 0.5, a large amount of tetracarboxylic dianhydride (M4) remains, which is not preferable. If it exceeds 10, a large amount of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) having a hydroxyl group remains, and the amount of other ethylenically unsaturated monomers that can be copolymerized in the subsequent step B decreases, which is not preferable.

  In step A, a catalyst may be used. The catalyst is preferably a tertiary amine compound such as triethylamine, triethylenediamine, N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, N-methylmorpholine, 1,8-diazabicyclo- [5.4.0] -7-undecene, 1, 5-diazabicyclo- [4.3.0] -5-nonene and the like.

Further, the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) having a hydroxyl group and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride (M4) are expressed as "number of moles of ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) having a hydroxyl group / tetracarboxylic dianhydride". When the reaction is carried out at a "mol number of (M4)" of less than 2.0, the acid anhydride group remaining at this point is ring-opened with water or an alcohol having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (step Aa), and an unnecessary acid is obtained. Removal of anhydride groups can be facilitated.
Then, in the manufacturing method 1, the process B which copolymerizes the ethylenically unsaturated monomer synthesize | combined at the process A and another ethylenically unsaturated monomer is performed.
As another ethylenically unsaturated monomer used in Step A, an alkyl (meth) acrylate having 1 to 18 carbon atoms which may be substituted with an aromatic group, N-alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms ( Ethylenically unsaturated selected from (meth) acrylamide, styrene, ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) having a hydroxyl group (including those remaining in Step A), and ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a carboxyl group It is preferred that the monomers are copolymerized.

  Examples of unsubstituted alkyl (meth) acrylate include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, linear or branched propyl (meth) acrylate, linear or branched butyl (meth) acrylate, direct Linear or branched pentyl (meth) acrylate, cyclopentyl (meth) acrylate, linear or branched hexyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, linear or branched heptyl (meth) acrylate, Cycloheptyl (meth) acrylate, linear or branched octyl (meth) acrylate, cyclooctyl (meth) acrylate, linear or branched nonyl (meth) acrylate, cyclononyl (meth) acrylate, linear or Branched Desi (Meth) acrylate, cyclodecyl (meth) acrylate, linear or branched dodecyl (meth) acrylate, cyclododecyl (meth) acrylate, linear or branched myristyl (meth) acrylate, cyclomyristyl (meth) acrylate , Linear or branched cetyl (meth) acrylate, cyclocetyl (meth) acrylate, and linear or branched stearyl (meth) acrylate, or cyclostearyl (meth) acrylate. Examples of the alkyl (meth) acrylate substituted with an aromatic ring include benzyl (meth) acrylate.

  As unsubstituted N-alkyl (meth) acrylamide, N-methyl (meth) acrylamide, N-ethyl (meth) acrylamide, linear or branched N-propyl (meth) acrylamide, linear or branched N-butyl (meth) acrylamide, linear or branched N-pentyl (meth) acrylamide, N-cyclopentyl (meth) acrylamide, linear or branched N-hexyl (meth) acrylamide, N-cyclohexyl (Meth) acrylamide, linear or branched N-heptyl (meth) acrylamide, N-cycloheptyl (meth) acrylamide, linear or branched N-octyl (meth) acrylamide, N-cyclooctyl (meta ) Acrylamide, linear or branched N-nonyl (Meth) acrylamide, N-cyclooctyl (meth) acrylamide, linear or branched N-decyl (meth) acrylamide, N-cyclodecyl (meth) acrylamide, linear or branched N-dodecyl (meth) acrylamide N-cyclododecyl (meth) acrylamide, linear or branched N-myristyl (meth) acrylamide, N-cyclomyristyl (meth) acrylamide, linear or branched N-cetyl (meth) acrylamide, N -Cyclocetyl (meth) acrylamide, linear or branched N-stearyl (meth) acrylamide, or N-cyclostearyl (meth) acrylamide may be mentioned. Examples of the alkyl (meth) acrylamide substituted with an aromatic ring include N-benzyl (meth) acrylamide. Here, (meth) acrylate refers to methacrylate or acrylate, and (meth) acrylamide refers to methacrylamide or acrylamide.

  Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a carboxyl group include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, acrylic acid dimer, caprolactone adduct of acrylic acid ( Examples of the addition mole number are 1 to 5), and caprolactone adduct of methacrylic acid (addition mole number is 1 to 5).

  In step B, it is preferable to perform polymerization at 50 ° C. to 150 ° C. using a polymerization initiator while replacing the reaction vessel with nitrogen. As the polymerization initiator, alkyl peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, p-methane hydroperoxide, isobutyl peroxide, laurolyl peroxide, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl peroxide, Octanoyl peroxide, t-butylcumyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, 1,1-bis (t-butylperoxy) -3, 3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone peroxide, methylcyclohexanone peroxide, di-isobutyl peroxydicarbonate, di-2-ethylhexyl peroxydicarbonate organic peroxides such as t-butylperoxyisobutyrate, 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile, dimethyl-2,2′-azobisdiisobutyrate, 2,2′-azobis (2,4 -Azo compounds such as dimethylvaleronitrile) and 2,2-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile). Of these, azo compounds are preferably used. The polymerization initiator is preferably used in an amount of 1 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total of ethylenically unsaturated monomers.

  In step B, a chain transfer agent can also be used. Chain transfer agents include methyl thioglycolate, octyl thioglycolate, methoxybutyl thioglycolate, ethylene glycol bisthioglycolate, butanediol bisthioglycolate, hexanediol bisthioglycolate, trimethylolpropane tristhioglycolate , Pentaerythritol tetrakisthioglycolate, methyl mercaptopropionate, methoxybutyl mercaptopropionate, octyl mercaptopropionate, tridecyl mercaptopropionate, ethylene glycol bisthiopropionate, trimethylolpropane tristhiopropionate, pentaerythritol tetrakisthio Examples include propionate and α-methylstyrene dimer.

  In step B, it is preferable to use a solvent. Solvents include acetates such as ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl cellosolve acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methyl isobutyl ketone; xylene, toluene, ethylbenzene, etc. Aromatic hydrocarbons can be used.

  If step Aa is not performed after step A, the acid anhydride remaining after step B can be ring-opened with water or an alcohol having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (step Bb). In step Aa or step Bb, the number of moles of water to be reacted or alcohol having 1 to 18 carbon atoms is 0.9 times or more and 5 times or less (preferably 1 or more times) with respect to the number of moles of the remaining acid anhydride. 2 times or less). If it is less than 0.9 times, a lot of highly reactive acid anhydride groups remain, and if it exceeds 5 times, water or alcohol having 1 to 18 carbon atoms remains, anyway, it has been developed for use in inks and paints. If this is a problem. However, in the case where the water to be reacted or the alcohol having 1 to 18 carbon atoms is reacted more than 1 time with respect to the number of moles of the remaining acid anhydride, the water remaining after the reaction or having 1 to 18 carbon atoms is reacted. The alcohol can be removed by heating or under reduced pressure. It is preferable to perform reaction process Aa or process Bb at 80-150 degreeC.

Next, the manufacturing method 2 according to the present invention will be described in detail.
In the production method 2 according to the present invention, first, the step C of copolymerizing the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) having a hydroxyl group with another ethylenically unsaturated monomer is performed. As another ethylenically unsaturated monomer, an alkyl (meth) acrylate having 1 to 18 carbon atoms which may be substituted with the aromatic ring exemplified in Step B of Production Method 1 or an aromatic ring. An ethylenically unsaturated monomer selected from N-alkyl (meth) acrylamide having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, styrene, and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a carboxyl group may be copolymerized Is preferred.

The copolymerization ratio between the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) having a hydroxyl group and another ethylenically unsaturated monomer is such that one molecule after polymerization has an average of at least 0.3 to 177 hydroxyl groups. Decided to enter.
The polymerization conditions such as the type of polymerization initiator, the type of chain transfer agent, the type of solvent, the amount, and the reaction temperature in step C are preferably the same as in step B of production method 1.

  Then, in the manufacturing method 2, the process D which makes a tricarboxylic acid anhydride (M3) or a tetracarboxylic dianhydride (M4) react with the hydroxyl group of the copolymer obtained at the process C is performed. In the process D, it is preferable to carry out at 80 to 150 ° C. while flowing nitrogen or dry air to the reaction vessel. Here, the catalyst exemplified in Step A of Production Method 1 can also be used.

  When tetracarboxylic dianhydride (M4) is used in Step D of Production Method 2 and an acid anhydride group remains, water or carbon atoms of 1 to 18 are obtained by the same method as in Step Bb of Production Method 1. Can be ring-opened with the alcohol (step Dd).

Next, the manufacturing method 3 according to the present invention will be described in detail.
In the production method 3 according to the present invention, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) having a hydroxyl group is copolymerized with another ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and a tricarboxylic acid anhydride (M3) or tetracarboxylic acid is added to the hydroxyl group. Acid dianhydride (M4) is reacted simultaneously. The reaction is preferably carried out at 80 ° C. to 150 ° C. while flowing nitrogen into the reaction vessel. As the catalyst for the reaction of the hydroxyl group and the acid anhydride group, those shown in Step A of Production Method 1, the kind of polymerization initiator The polymerization conditions such as the type of chain transfer agent, the type of solvent, the amount, and the reaction temperature are preferably those shown in Step B of Production Method 1.

  The other ethylenically unsaturated monomer used in Production Method 3 is the same as the compound used in Step C of Production Method 2. Even in the production method 3, when the acid anhydride group remains, the ring can be opened with water or an alcohol having 1 to 18 carbon atoms by the same method as the step Bb of the production method 1 (step Ee).

By these production methods 1 to 3, the vinyl dispersant (A) according to the present invention can be produced. Among these, production method 2 is preferable in that it is easy to control the number of carboxyl group-containing units (G) in one molecule of the dispersant. The number average molecular weight of the copolymer obtained in Step C of Production Method 2 can be measured in advance, and the amount of the tricarboxylic acid anhydride (M3) or tetracarboxylic dianhydride (M4) to be reacted is determined according to the value. Because it can. For example, to produce a vinyl dispersant (A) by production method 2, the number average molecular weight of the copolymer obtained in step C is measured, and when the measured value is [X], tricarboxylic anhydride When (M3) is used, a tricarboxylic acid anhydride (M3) of 0.3 mol or more and 3.0 mol or less may be reacted with the resin [X] g. On the other hand, when tetracarboxylic dianhydride (M4) is used, 0.15 mol or more and 1.5 mol or less of tetracarboxylic dianhydride (M4) may be reacted with resin [X] g. . This is because, since tetracarboxylic dianhydride (M4) has two acid anhydride groups, tricarboxylic acid anhydride (M3) is used to bridge the copolymer bimolecular obtained in Step C. This is because half the amount is sufficient.
In addition, when tetracarboxylic dianhydride (M4) is used in Step D and the number of hydroxyl groups contained in one molecule of the copolymer obtained in Step C is 1.1 or more, Ratio of total amount <OH> of hydroxyl groups contained and total amount <AH> of acid anhydride groups contained in tetracarboxylic dianhydride (M4): <OH> / <AH> value is less than 0.9 It is preferable that it is 1.1 or more. When the value of <OH> / <AH> is in the range of 0.9 or more and less than 1.1, the vinyl dispersant (A) may exceed the upper limit of the preferred number average molecular weight of the present invention of 40000.

  When the vinyl dispersant (A) according to the present invention is produced by the production method 1 or 3, the number average molecular weight [Y] of the finally obtained vinyl dispersant (A) and the tricarboxylic acid anhydride (M3 ) Or tetracarboxylic dianhydride (M4) charged, and as a result, the vinyl dispersant (A) is a tricarboxylic acid of 0.3 mol to 3.0 mol relative to [Y] g. It is sufficient that the acid anhydride (M3) or tetracarboxylic dianhydride (M4) is reacted.

  When the vinyl dispersant (A) is produced by the production method of the present invention, when the tricarboxylic acid anhydride (M3) is used, an aromatic tricarboxylic acid anhydride is preferable, and a trimellitic acid anhydride is more preferable. Of the above, when tetracarboxylic dianhydride (M4) is used, aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is preferably used, more preferably pyromellitic dianhydride, ethylene glycol dianhydride trimellit. Acid ester, 9,9-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) fluorenic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride.

  When producing the vinyl-based dispersant (A) in any of the production methods 1 to 3, an unsubstituted ethylenically unsaturated monomer having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a branch is used as another ethylenically unsaturated monomer. Alkyl (meth) acrylate, benzyl (meth) acrylate, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) having a hydroxyl group if necessary, styrene if necessary, and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a carboxyl group if necessary It is preferred that the monomer is copolymerized. Further, 1 to 50 unsubstituted alkyl (meth) acrylates having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which may have a branch in one molecule of the vinyl dispersant (A), and 1 to 1 benzyl (meth) acrylate. Preferably 50 are copolymerized.

  Further, the vinyl dispersant (A) of the present invention can be copolymerized with various ethylenically unsaturated monomers other than those exemplified so far as long as the dispersibility is not hindered. For example, isocyanato An ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a thermally crosslinkable group such as a group, a block isocyanato group, an alkoxysilyl group, or a 3- to 5-membered cyclic ether group can be copolymerized.

  By using a starting material appropriately selected from the listed starting materials, the vinyl dispersant (a) can be prepared by the manufacturing method according to the present invention.

  The pigment composition of the present invention is obtained using the vinyl dispersant (A) [or particularly the vinyl dispersant (a)] and the pigment (P). Here, by using the vinyl dispersant (A) [or in particular the vinyl dispersant (a)], a pigment composition excellent in dispersibility, fluidity and storage stability is obtained.

  As the pigment (P) used in the present invention, various pigments used in inks and the like can be used. Such pigments include soluble azo pigments, insoluble azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone pigments, isoindolinone pigments, isoindoline pigments, perylene pigments, perinone pigments, dioxazine pigments, anthraquinone pigments, dianthraquinonyl pigments, anthrapyrimidine pigments. , Anthanthrone pigment, Indanthrone pigment, Flavanthrone pigment, Pyranthrone pigment, Diketopyrrolopyrrole pigment, etc. More specific examples are shown by the generic names of Color Index: Pigment Black 7, Pigment Blue 6, 15 15: 1, 15: 3, 15: 4, 15: 6, 60, Pigment Green 7, 36, Pigment Red 9, 48, 49, 52, 53, 57, 97, 122, 144, 146, 149, 166 , 168, 177, 178, 1 9, 185, 206, 207, 209, 220, 221, 238, 242, 254, 255, pigment violet 19, 23, 29, 30, 37, 40, 50, pigment yellow 12, 13, 14, 17, 20, 24, 74, 83, 86, 93, 94, 95, 109, 110, 117, 120, 125, 128, 137, 138, 139, 147, 148, 150, 151, 154, 155, 166, 168, 180, 185, pigment orange 13, 36, 37, 38, 43, 51, 55, 59, 61, 64, 71, 74, and the like. However, it is not limited to illustration.

Also used are metal oxides such as titanium dioxide, iron oxide, antimony pentoxide, zinc oxide, silica, and inorganic pigments such as cadmium sulfide, calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, barium sulfate, clay, talc, yellow lead, and carbon black. be able to. As the carbon black, any carbon black such as neutral, acidic and basic can be used.
The vinyl-based dispersant of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned pigments, and is used for dispersing solid fine particles including metal fine particles such as gold, silver, copper, platinum, iron, cobalt, nickel, and / or alloys thereof. Can do.

The pigment composition of the present invention further includes at least one base selected from the group consisting of a pigment derivative having a basic group, an anthraquinone derivative having a basic group, an acridone derivative having a basic group, and a triazine derivative having a basic group. It is preferable that a sex synergist (Y) is included.
Here, the pigment derivative is obtained by introducing a specific substituent into the organic pigment residue described in the color index. In the present invention, a pigment derivative having a basic group is used.
By including the basic synergist (Y), a pigment composition that is difficult to disperse without the basic synergist (Y) (especially in the case of an organic pigment) is also a pigment composition having excellent dispersibility, fluidity, and storage stability. Can be preferable. The pigment (P) can be effectively made into a pigment composition excellent in dispersibility, fluidity and storage stability by the synergistic effect of the vinyl dispersant (A) and the basic synergist (Y).

  The basic synergist (Y) that can be used in the pigment composition of the present invention includes a pigment derivative having a basic group, an anthraquinone derivative having a basic group, an acridone derivative having a basic group, and a triazine derivative having a basic group Selected from the group of

  The basic group of the basic synergist (Y) that can be used in the pigment composition of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of groups represented by the following general formulas (5), (6), (7) and (8). At least one group.

General formula (5)

General formula (6)

General formula (7)

General formula (8)

In the general formulas (5) to (8),
X: represents —SO ₂ —, —C (═O) —, —CH ₂ NHC (═O) CH ₂ —, —CH ₂ — or a direct bond.
v represents an integer of 1 to 10.
R ⁸ and R ⁹ are each independently an alkyl group that may be substituted, an alkenyl group that may be substituted, a phenyl group that may be substituted, or R ⁸ and R ⁹ together. Represents an optionally substituted heterocyclic residue containing a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom.
R ¹⁰ : represents an optionally substituted alkyl group, an optionally substituted alkenyl group or an optionally substituted phenyl group.
R ¹¹ , R ¹² , R ¹³ , R ¹⁴ : each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group, an optionally substituted alkenyl group or an optionally substituted phenyl group.
Y: represents —NR ¹⁵ —Z—NR ¹⁶ — or a direct bond.
R ¹⁵ and R ¹⁶ each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group, an optionally substituted alkenyl group or an optionally substituted phenyl group.
Z: represents an alkylene group which may be substituted, an alkenylene group which may be substituted, or a phenylene group which may be substituted.
W: The substituent shown by General formula (5) or the substituent shown by General formula (7) is represented.
Q: A hydroxyl group, an alkoxyl group, a substituent represented by the general formula (5) or a substituent represented by the general formula (7).

In a preferred form as the substituent represented by the general formula (5), X is —SO ₂ — or C (═O) —, v is 1 to 5 (more preferably 2 to 4), and R ⁸ And R ⁹ are each independently a methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, iso-propyl group, n-butyl group, iso-butyl group, or R ⁸ and R ⁹ and the nitrogen atom in the formula are This is a case where morpholine is formed together.
In a preferred form of the substituent represented by the general formula (6), R ⁸ and R ⁹ are each independently a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, or an iso-butyl group. This is the case.
In a preferred form of the substituent represented by the general formula (7), X is —CH ₂ NHC (═O) CH ₂ —, and R ¹⁰ is a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, or an iso-propyl group. , N-butyl group or iso-butyl group, and R ^{11 to} R ¹⁴ are hydrogen atoms.
A preferable form of the substituent represented by the general formula (8) is that X is a direct bond or SO ₂ —, Y is a direct bond or NH—Z—NH—, Z is a phenylene group, and Q is A hydroxyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group or a butoxy group, W is a substituent represented by the general formula (8), and X in W is —SO ₂ — or C (═O) —. V in W is 1 to 5 (more preferably 2 to 4), and R ⁸ and R ^{9 in} W are each independently a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, or iso-propyl. In this case, the group is an n-butyl group or an iso-butyl group.

  Examples of the amine component used for forming the substituents represented by the formulas (5) to (8) include dimethylamine, diethylamine, methylethylamine, N, N-ethylisopropylamine, N, N-ethyl. Propylamine, N, N-methylbutylamine, N, N-methylisobutylamine, N, N-butylethylamine, N, N-tert-butylethylamine, diisopropylamine, dipropylamine, N, N-sec-butylpropylamine , Dibutylamine, di-sec-butylamine, diisobutylamine, N, N-isobutyl-sec-butylamine, diamylamine, diisoamylamine, dihexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, di (2-ethylhexyl) amine, dioctylamine, N, N-methyloctadecyl Min, didecylamine, diallylamine, N, N-ethyl-1,2-dimethylpropylamine, N, N-methylhexylamine, dioleylamine, distearylamine, N, N-dimethylaminomethylamine, N, N-dimethylamino Ethylamine, N, N-dimethylaminoamylamine, N, N-dimethylaminobutylamine, N, N-diethylaminoethylamine, N, N-diethylaminopropylamine, N, N-diethylaminohexylamine, N, N-diethylaminobutylamine, N , N-diethylaminopentylamine, N, N-dipropylaminobutylamine, N, N-dibutylaminopropylamine, N, N-dibutylaminoethylamine, N, N-dibutylaminobutylamine, N, N-diisobutylaminopenty Amine, N, N-methyl-laurylaminopropylamine, N, N-ethyl-hexylaminoethylamine, N, N-distearylaminoethylamine, N, N-dioleylaminoethylamine, N, N-distearylaminobutylamine, Piperidine, 2-Pipecoline, 3-Pipecoline, 4-Pipecoline, 2,4-Lupetidine, 2,6-Lupetidine, 3,5-Lupetidine, 3-Piperidinmethanol, Pipecolic acid, Isonipecotic acid, Methyl isonicopetinate, Ethyl isiconicotinate 2-piperidineethanol, pyrrolidine, 3-hydroxypyrrolidine, N-aminoethylpiperidine, N-aminoethyl-4-pipecoline, N-aminoethylmorpholine, N-aminopropylpiperidine, N-aminopropyl-2-pipecoline, N − Aminopropyl-4-pipecholine, N-aminopropylmorpholine, N-methylpiperazine, N-butylpiperazine, N-methylhomopiperazine, 1-cyclopentylpiperazine, 1-amino-4-methylpiperazine, 1-cyclopentylpiperazine, etc. It is done.

  Organic dyes constituting pigment derivatives having basic groups include, for example, diketopyrrolopyrrole dyes, azo dyes such as azo, disazo, polyazo, phthalocyanine dyes, diaminodianthraquinone, anthrapyrimidine, flavantrons, anthanthrones Anthraquinone dyes such as indanthrone, pyranthrone, violanthrone, quinacridone dyes, dioxazine dyes, perinone dyes, perylene dyes, thioindigo dyes, isoindoline dyes, isoindolinone dyes, quinophthalone dyes, sulene dyes It is a dye such as a dye or a metal complex dye. In addition, an anthraquinone derivative having a basic group and an acridone derivative having a basic group are alkyl groups such as methyl and ethyl groups, amino groups, nitro groups, hydroxyl groups or methoxy groups, alkoxy groups such as ethoxy groups, chlorine, etc. It may have a substituent such as halogen.

  Triazines constituting triazine derivatives having basic groups are alkyl groups (methyl group, ethyl group, butyl group, etc.), amino groups, alkylamino groups (dimethylamino group, diethylamino group, dibutylamino group, etc.), nitro Group, hydroxyl group, alkoxy group (methoxy group, ethoxy group, butoxy group, etc.), halogen (chlorine, bromine, etc.), phenyl group (alkyl group, amino group, alkylamino group, nitro group, hydroxyl group, alkoxy group, halogen, etc.) And may have a substituent such as a phenylamino group (which may be substituted with an alkyl group, an amino group, an alkylamino group, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen, or the like). It is also a good 1,3,5-triazine.

  The pigment derivative, anthraquinone derivative and acridone derivative having a basic group can be synthesized by various synthetic routes. For example, after introducing a substituent represented by the formula (11) to the formula (14) into an organic dye, anthraquinone or acridone, the substituent represented by the formula (5) to the formula (8) is reacted with the above substituent. Amine component to be formed, for example, N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine, N-methylpiperazine, diethylamine or 4- [4-hydroxy-6- [3- (dibutylamino) propylamino] -1,3,5-triazine It can be obtained by reacting 2-ylamino] aniline or the like.

Formula (11): —SO ₂ Cl
Formula (12): -C (= O) Cl
Formula (13): —CH ₂ NHC (═O) CH ₂ Cl
Formula (14): —CH ₂ Cl

  During the reaction of the substituents represented by the formulas (11) to (14) and the amine component, a part of the substituents represented by the formulas (11) to (14) is hydrolyzed to produce chlorine atoms. May be mixed with those substituted with a hydroxyl group. In that case, the substituent represented by the formula (11) or the formula (12) is a sulfonic acid group or a carboxylic acid group, respectively, but any of them may be a free acid, or a 1-3 valent metal or the above-mentioned Or a salt with a monoamine.

  When the organic dye is an azo dye, the substituents represented by the general formulas (5) to (8) are introduced into the diazo component or the coupling component in advance, and then the coupling reaction is performed, whereby the azo dye is obtained. A pigment derivative can also be produced.

  The triazine derivative having a basic group can be synthesized by various synthetic routes. For example, starting from cyanuric chloride, an amine component that forms a substituent represented by formula (5) to formula (8) on at least one chlorine of cyanuric chloride, such as N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine or N- It can be obtained by reacting methylpiperazine or the like and then reacting the remaining chlorine of cyanuric chloride with various amines or alcohols.

  In the pigment composition of the present invention, the blending amount of the basic synergist (Y) is preferably 1 to 50 parts by weight, more preferably 3 to 30 parts by weight, and most preferably 5 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the pigment (P). 25 parts by weight. When the basic synergist (Y) is less than 1 part by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the pigment (P), the dispersibility may be deteriorated, and when it exceeds 50 parts by weight, the heat resistance and light resistance may be deteriorated. The blending amount of the vinyl dispersant (A) [or particularly the vinyl dispersant (a)] is preferably 0.1 to 100 parts by weight, more preferably 0, per 100 parts by weight of the pigment (P). .5 to 75 parts by weight, most preferably 1.0 to 50 parts by weight. If the vinyl dispersant (A) is less than 0.1 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the pigment (P), the dispersibility may be deteriorated, and if it exceeds 100 parts by weight, the dispersibility may be deteriorated. is there.

  The pigment composition of the present invention is dispersed in a varnish by mixing various solvents, resins, additives, etc. as necessary, and dispersing with a horizontal sand mill, vertical sand mill, annular bead mill, attritor or the like. A pigment dispersion can be prepared. Pigment (P), basic synergist (Y), vinyl-based dispersant (A) [or especially the above-mentioned vinyl-based dispersant (a)], other resins, and additives are dispersed after mixing all the components. However, at first, only the pigment (P) and the basic synergist (Y), or only the basic synergist (Y) and the vinyl dispersant (A), or the pigment (P) and the basic Only the synergist (Y) and the vinyl dispersant (A) may be dispersed, and then another component may be added and dispersed again.

  Also, before dispersing with a horizontal sand mill, vertical sand mill, annular bead mill, attritor, etc., pre-dispersion using a kneader mixer such as a kneader, three-roll mill, etc., solid dispersion with a two-roll mill, etc., or pigment (P) may be treated with a basic synergist (Y) and / or a vinyl dispersant (A) [or particularly the vinyl dispersant (a)]. In addition, any disperser or mixer such as a high speed mixer, a homomixer, a ball mill, a roll mill, a stone mill, or an ultrasonic disperser can be used for producing the pigment dispersion. Examples of various solvents that can be used in the pigment dispersion include organic solvents and water. Moreover, when using for an active energy ray hardening-type composition, you may use an active energy ray-curable liquid monomer and liquid oligomer as a medium instead of a solvent.

  Examples of resins that can be used in the pigment dispersion include petroleum resin, casein, shellac, rosin-modified maleic acid resin, rosin-modified phenolic resin, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, cyclized rubber, and chlorinated rubber. , Oxidized rubber, hydrochloric acid rubber, phenol resin, alkyd resin, polyester resin, unsaturated polyester resin, amino resin, epoxy resin, vinyl resin, vinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, polyurethane resin , Silicone resin, fluorine resin, drying oil, synthetic drying oil, styrene-modified maleic acid, polyamide resin, chlorinated polypropylene, butyral resin, vinylidene chloride resin, and the like.

  The pigment dispersion is used in non-aqueous, aqueous or solvent-free paints, gravure ink, offset ink, ink jet ink, color filter ink, black matrix ink, digital paper ink, plastic colorant, etc. it can. Of these, ink jet ink, color filter ink, and black matrix ink are suitable. Particularly for color filter inks and black matrix inks, for example, inks suitable for many printing methods such as photolithography, lithographic printing, intaglio printing, letterpress printing, screen printing, and ink jet printing. Can be suitably used.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention concretely, this invention is not specifically limited to an Example. In the examples, “parts” represents “parts by weight” and “%” represents “% by weight”. The number average molecular weight is a polystyrene equivalent molecular weight when using TSKgel column (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) and GPC (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, HLC-8120GPC) equipped with an RI detector and using THF as a developing solvent.

Example 1
(1) Step (A)
A reactor equipped with a gas inlet tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer was charged with 192.1 parts trimellitic anhydride, 130.4 parts 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and 0.3 parts hydroquinone monomethyl ether and dried. The mixture was reacted at 100 ° C. for 5 hours while flowing air to obtain an ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a1) in which trimellitic acid was added to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (Step A in Example 1).

(2) Process (B)
A reaction vessel equipped with a gas introduction tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer was charged with 60 parts of methoxypropyl acetate, heated to 110 ° C., and the inside of the reaction vessel was replaced with nitrogen. 38.5 parts, benzyl methacrylate 46.1 parts, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate 2.2 parts, ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a1) 13.2 parts, methoxypropyl acetate 40 parts, and dimethyl-2,2 ' -A mixed liquid in which 8 parts of azobisdiisobutyrate was uniformly mixed in advance was added dropwise over 2 hours, and then the stirring was continued at the same temperature for 3 hours to complete the reaction (Step B of Example 1).
Thus, the number average molecular weight is 2450, and the average number of copolymerized ethylenically unsaturated monomers (a1) per molecule (that is, the average number of carboxyl group-containing units (G)) is 1.0. A vinyl dispersant (A1) was obtained.

Example 2
(1) Process (C)
A reaction vessel equipped with a gas introduction tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer was charged with 60 parts of methoxypropyl acetate, heated to 110 ° C., and the inside of the reaction vessel was purged with nitrogen. 40 parts, 48 parts of benzyl methacrylate, 12 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 40 parts of methoxypropyl acetate, and 6 parts of dimethyl-2,2′-azobisdiisobutyrate were previously mixed uniformly over 2 hours. Then, the mixture was stirred for 3 hours at the same temperature to complete the reaction (Step C of Example 2).
Thus, a vinyl resin intermediate (C1) having a number average molecular weight of 3,800 and an average number of hydroxyl groups in one molecule of 3.5 was obtained.

(2) Process (D)
In a reaction apparatus equipped with a gas introduction tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer, 100 parts of acrylic resin intermediate (C1) in solids, 2.5 parts of trimellitic anhydride, and dimethylbenzylamine 1 part was charged and reacted at 100 ° C. for 6 hours (Step D of Example 2).
Thus, a vinyl dispersant (A2) having an average number of trimellitic acids per molecule (that is, an average number of carboxyl group-containing units (G)) of 0.5 was obtained.

Example 3
Except that the amount of trimellitic anhydride charged in Step D of Example 2 is 3.5 parts, the average number of trimellitic acids per molecule (ie carboxyl A vinyl dispersant (A3) having an average number of group-containing units (G) of 0.7 was obtained.

Example 4
The average number of trimellitic acids per molecule (i.e., carboxyl) in exactly the same manner as in Example 2, except that the amount of trimellitic anhydride charged in Step D of Example 2 was 5.1 parts. A vinyl dispersant (A4) having an average number of group-containing units (G) of 1.0 was obtained.

Example 5
The average number of trimellitic acids per molecule (ie, carboxyl) in exactly the same manner as in Example 2, except that the amount of trimellitic anhydride charged in Step D of Example 2 was 7.1 parts. A vinyl dispersant (A5) having an average number of group-containing units (G) of 1.4 was obtained.

Example 6
Except that the amount of trimellitic anhydride charged in Step D of Example 2 was 10.1 parts, the average number of trimellitic acids per molecule (ie, carboxyl) was the same as in Example 2. A vinyl dispersant (A6) having an average number of group-containing units (G) of 2.0 was obtained.

Example 7
A reaction vessel equipped with a gas introduction tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer was charged with 60 parts of methoxypropyl acetate, heated to 80 ° C., and the inside of the reaction vessel was purged with nitrogen. 41.9 parts, benzyl methacrylate 50.0 parts, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate 6.8 parts, trimellitic anhydride 1.2 parts, methoxypropyl acetate 40 parts, and 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile A mixed solution obtained by uniformly mixing 2.0 parts in advance was added dropwise over 2 hours, and then stirred for 3 hours at the same temperature to complete the reaction. Thus, a vinyl dispersant (A7) having a number average molecular weight of 15400 and an average number of trimellitic acids in one molecule (that is, an average number of carboxyl group-containing units (G)) of 1.0 was obtained.

Example 8
(1) Step (A)
A reaction vessel equipped with a gas introduction tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer was charged with 218.1 parts pyromellitic dianhydride, 130.1 parts 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and 0.3 parts hydroquinone monomethyl ether, The mixture was reacted at 100 ° C. for 5 hours while flowing dry air to obtain ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a8 ′) in which pyromellitic acid was added to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (Step A of Example 8).

(2) Process (Aa)
36 parts of water was added to the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a8 ′) obtained in the preceding item (1) and reacted at 90 ° C. for 5 hours, thereby remaining in the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a8 ′). The acid anhydride group to be hydrolyzed. Subsequently, the remaining water was removed under reduced pressure to obtain an ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a8) (Step Aa in Example 8).

(3) Process (B)
A reaction vessel equipped with a gas introduction tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer was charged with 60 parts of methoxypropyl acetate, heated to 110 ° C., and the inside of the reaction vessel was replaced with nitrogen. 84.6 parts, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate 0.7 part, ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a8) 14.7 parts, methoxypropyl acetate 40 parts, and dimethyl-2,2'-azobisdiisobutyrate 6 A mixed liquid in which the parts were uniformly mixed in advance was added dropwise over 2 hours, and then the stirring was continued at the same temperature for 3 hours to complete the reaction (Step B of Example 8).
Thus, the number average molecular weight is 4000, and the average number of copolymerized ethylenically unsaturated monomers (a8) per molecule (that is, the average number of carboxyl group-containing units (G)) is 0.5. A vinyl-based dispersion resin (A8) was obtained.

Example 9
(1) Process (C)
A reaction vessel equipped with a gas introduction tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer was charged with 60 parts of methoxypropyl acetate, heated to 110 ° C., the inside of the reaction vessel was purged with nitrogen, and then 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate was added from the dropping vessel. 30.0 parts, 68.3 parts of benzyl methacrylate, 1.7 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 40 parts of methoxypropyl acetate, and 6 parts of dimethyl-2,2′-azobisdiisobutyrate were previously mixed uniformly. The liquid was added dropwise over 2 hours, and then stirring was continued at the same temperature for 3 hours to complete the reaction (Step C of Example 9). In this way, a vinyl resin intermediate (C2) having a number average molecular weight of 4800 and an average number of hydroxyl groups in one molecule of 0.5 was obtained.

(2) Process (D)
A reaction vessel equipped with a gas inlet tube, a condenser, a stirring blade and a thermometer was charged with 100 parts of methoxypropyl acetate, 4.3 parts of ethylene glycol ditrimellitic anhydride ester and 0.1 part of dimethylbenzylamine, and 100 ° C. The temperature was raised to. From the dropping tank, 100 parts (solid content) of vinyl resin intermediate (C2) was dropped into the reaction tank over 2 hours, and after completion of the appropriate condition, the reaction was carried out at 100 ° C. for 4 hours (Step D of Example 9).

(3) Process (Dd)
Thereafter, 10 parts of 2-ethylhexyl alcohol was added and reacted at 90 ° C. for 5 hours to decompose the remaining acid anhydride group with alcohol (Step Dd of Example 9), and the average copolymer number of ethylene glycol ditrimellitic acid skeleton ( That is, a vinyl dispersion resin (A9) having an average number of carboxyl group-containing units (G) of 0.5 was obtained.

Example 10
In Example 9, Step D, except that 6.0 parts of 9,9-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) fluorenic anhydride was used in place of 4.8 parts of ethylene glycol ditrimellitic anhydride ester. Is the same method as in Example 9, and the average number of 9,9-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) fluorene per molecule (that is, the average number of carboxyl group-containing units (G)) is 0. Five vinyl dispersion resins (A10) were obtained.

Example 11
(1) Process (C)
A reaction vessel equipped with a gas introduction tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer was charged with 60 parts of methoxypropyl acetate, heated to 110 ° C., and the inside of the reaction vessel was replaced with nitrogen. 21.2 parts, 30.0 parts of 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, 30 parts of benzyl methacrylate, 10 parts of styrene, Plaxel FM-2D (ethylenic group having a hydroxyl group obtained by adding 2 mol of ε-caprolactone to 1 mol of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Unsaturated monomer; manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 8 parts, 0.8 part of acrylic acid, 40 parts of methoxypropyl acetate, and 5 parts of dimethyl-2,2′-azobisdiisobutyrate were previously mixed uniformly. The solution was added dropwise over 2 hours, and then stirred for 3 hours at the same temperature to complete the reaction (Example 1). Step C). Thus, a vinyl resin intermediate (C3) having a number average molecular weight of 5500 and an average number of hydroxyl groups in one molecule of 1.2 was obtained.

(2) Process (D)
In a reactor equipped with a gas introduction tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer, 100 parts (solid content) of an acrylic resin intermediate (C3), 3.5 parts of trimellitic anhydride, and dimethylbenzylamine 0.1 Parts were charged and reacted at 100 ° C. for 6 hours (Step D of Example 11). In this manner, a vinyl dispersant (A11) having an average number of trimellitic acids per molecule (that is, an average number of carboxyl group-containing units (G)) of 1.0 was obtained.

Example 12
(1) Process (C)
A reaction vessel equipped with a gas introduction tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer was charged with 60 parts of methoxypropyl acetate, heated to 110 ° C., and the inside of the reaction vessel was purged with nitrogen. , 30 parts of lauryl methacrylate, 30 parts of benzyl methacrylate, 10 parts of styrene, BLEMMER AE-200 (ethylenically unsaturated monomer having an average of 3.5 moles of ethylene oxide added to 1 mole of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) Manufactured by Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd.) 8 parts, 40 parts of methoxypropyl acetate, and 6 parts of dimethyl-2,2′-azobisdiisobutyrate were mixed in advance over 2 hours, and then dropped for 3 hours. Stirring was continued at the same temperature to complete the reaction (Step C of Example 12). Thus, a vinyl resin intermediate (C4) having a number average molecular weight of 4400 and an average number of hydroxyl groups in one molecule of 1.3 was obtained.

(2) Process (D)
In a reactor equipped with a gas introduction tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer, 100 parts (solid content) of an acrylic resin intermediate (C4), 4.4 parts of trimellitic anhydride, and dimethylbenzylamine 0.1 Parts were charged and reacted at 100 ° C. for 6 hours (Step D of Example 12). In this manner, a vinyl dispersant (A12) having an average number of trimellitic acids per molecule (that is, an average number of carboxyl group-containing units (G)) of 1.0 was obtained.

Example 13
(1) Process (C)
A reaction vessel equipped with a gas inlet tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer was charged with 60 parts of methoxypropyl acetate, heated to 110 ° C., and the inside of the reaction vessel was purged with nitrogen. 37.6 parts of isobutyl methacrylate, 30 parts of lauryl methacrylate, 10 parts of benzyl methacrylate, 2.4 parts of N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (manufactured by Kojin Co., Ltd.), 40 parts of methoxypropyl acetate, and dimethyl-2,2′-azobis ( A mixture of 6 parts of 2-methylpropionate) uniformly mixed in advance was added dropwise over 2 hours, and then stirred for 3 hours at the same temperature to complete the reaction (Step C of Example 13). Thus, a vinyl resin intermediate (C5) having a number average molecular weight of 4900 and an average number of hydroxyl groups in one molecule of 1.0 was obtained.

(2) Process (D)
In a reaction apparatus equipped with a gas introduction tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer, 100 parts (solid content) of an acrylic resin intermediate (C5), 3.9 parts of trimellitic anhydride, and 0. 1 part was charged and reacted at 100 ° C. for 6 hours (Step D of Example 13). In this way, a vinyl dispersant (A13) having an average number of trimellitic acids per molecule (that is, an average number of carboxyl group-containing units (G)) of 1.0 was obtained.

Example 14
(1) Process (C)
A reaction vessel equipped with a gas introduction tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer was charged with 60 parts of methoxypropyl acetate, heated to 110 ° C., and the inside of the reaction vessel was purged with nitrogen. 30 parts, 30 parts of methyl methacrylate, 35 parts of benzyl methacrylate, 5 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 40 parts of methoxypropyl acetate, and 6 parts of dimethyl-2,2'-azobisdiisobutyrate were previously mixed uniformly. Was added dropwise over 2 hours, and then the stirring was continued at the same temperature for 3 hours to complete the reaction (Step C of Example 14). In this way, a vinyl resin intermediate (C6) having a number average molecular weight of 3800 and an average number of hydroxyl groups in one molecule of 1.5 was obtained.

(2) Process (D)
In a reactor equipped with a gas introduction tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer, 100 parts of acrylic resin intermediate (C1) in solids, 2.9 parts of pyromellitic dianhydride, and dimethylbenzylamine 0 .1 part was charged and reacted at 100 ° C. for 6 hours (Step D of Example 14).
In this manner, a vinyl dispersant (A14) having an average number of pyromellitic acids per molecule (that is, an average number of carboxyl group-containing units (G)) of 1.0 was obtained.

Example 15
(1) Process (C)
A reaction vessel equipped with a gas introduction tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer was charged with 60 parts of methoxypropyl acetate, heated to 110 ° C., and the inside of the reaction vessel was purged with nitrogen. 30 parts, 20 parts of ethyl acrylate, 25 parts of benzyl methacrylate, 10 parts of methacrylic acid, 5 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 40 parts of methoxypropyl acetate, and 6 parts of dimethyl-2,2'-azobisdiisobutyrate are previously uniform. The mixed solution was added dropwise over 2 hours and then stirred for 3 hours at the same temperature to complete the reaction (Step C of Example 15). Thus, a vinyl resin intermediate (C7) having a number average molecular weight of 3900 and an average number of hydroxyl groups in one molecule of 1.5 was obtained.

(2) Process (D)
In a reactor equipped with a gas introduction tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer, 100 parts of acrylic resin intermediate (C1) in solid content, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride 3.8 parts of the product and 0.1 part of dimethylbenzylamine were added and reacted at 100 ° C. for 6 hours (Step D of Example 15).
In this way, a vinyl dispersion in which the average number of 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid per molecule (that is, the average number of carboxyl group-containing units (G)) is 1.0. Agent (A15) was obtained.

Example 16
(1) Process (C)
In a reaction vessel equipped with a gas introduction tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer, 100 parts of cyclohexanone was charged and the temperature was raised to 95 ° C., and the inside of the reaction vessel was replaced with nitrogen. , 25 parts of benzyl methacrylate, 25 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 125 parts of cyclohexanone and 2.5 parts of azobisisobutyronitrile were added dropwise over 2 hours, and then the same for 3 hours. Stirring was continued at temperature to complete the reaction (Step C of Example 16).
Thus, a vinyl resin intermediate (C8) having a number average molecular weight of 5000 and an average number of hydroxyl groups in one molecule of 9.6 was obtained.

(2) Process (D)
In a reaction apparatus equipped with a gas introduction tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer, 100 parts of acrylic resin intermediate (C8) in solids, 3.84 parts of trimellitic anhydride, and 0. 1 part was charged and reacted at 120 ° C. for 2 hours (Step D of Example 16).
In this manner, a vinyl dispersant (A16) having an average number of trimellitic acids per molecule (that is, an average number of carboxyl group-containing units (G)) of 1.0 was obtained.

  As described above, the vinyl dispersant (a) of the present invention is a tricarboxylic acid anhydride (M3) or a tetracarboxylic dianhydride (M4) and ethylene having a hydroxyl group in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 13. It can manufacture by making a reactive unsaturated monomer (h) and another ethylenically unsaturated monomer react by the method in any one of the manufacturing methods 1-3.

<< Production Example 1 >>
Except that the amount of trimellitic anhydride charged in Step D of Example 2 is 0.5 parts, the average number of trimellitic acids per molecule (ie, carboxyl) is the same as in Example 2. A vinyl resin (B1) having an average number of group-containing units (G) of 0.1 was obtained.

<< Production Example 2 >>
The average number of trimellitic acids per molecule (ie, carboxyl) in exactly the same manner as in Example 2, except that the amount of trimellitic anhydride charged in Step D of Example 2 was 17.7 parts. A vinyl resin (B2) having an average number of group-containing units (G) of 3.5 was obtained.

<< Production Example 3 >>
100 parts of the acrylic resin intermediate (C1) obtained in Example 2 in solid content, 2.7 parts of succinic anhydride, and a reactor equipped with a gas introduction tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer, and 0.1 part of dimethylbenzylamine was charged and reacted at 100 ° C. for 6 hours. In this way, a vinyl resin (B3) having an average number of succinic acids per molecule of 1.0 was obtained.

<< Production Example 4 >>
100 parts of the acrylic resin intermediate (C1) obtained in Example 2 in solid content, 3.9 parts of phthalic anhydride, and a reactor equipped with a gas introduction tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer, and 0.1 part of dimethylbenzylamine was charged and reacted at 100 ° C. for 6 hours. Thus, a vinyl resin (B4) having an average number of phthalic acids per molecule of 1.0 was obtained.

<< Production Example 5 >>
A reaction vessel equipped with a gas introduction tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer was charged with 60 parts of methoxypropyl acetate, heated to 110 ° C., and the inside of the reaction vessel was purged with nitrogen. 40 parts, 50 parts of benzyl methacrylate, 5 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 5 parts of methacrylic acid, 40 parts of methoxypropyl acetate, and 6 parts of dimethyl-2,2′-azobisdiisobutyrate are mixed uniformly in advance. Was added dropwise over 2 hours, followed by stirring at the same temperature for 3 hours to complete the reaction. Thus, a vinyl resin (B5) having a number average molecular weight of 4000 was obtained.

<< Production Example 6 >>
A reaction vessel equipped with a gas introduction tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer was charged with 60 parts of methoxypropyl acetate, heated to 110 ° C., and the inside of the reaction vessel was purged with nitrogen. 10 parts of isobutyl methacrylate, 18 parts of dodecyl methacrylate, 3 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 1 part of methacrylic acid, 4 parts of 2-sulfoethyl methacrylate, 40 parts of methoxypropyl acetate, and dimethyl-2,2'-azobisdiisobutene A mixed solution in which 6 parts of tyrate were uniformly mixed in advance was added dropwise over 2 hours, and then stirring was continued at the same temperature for 3 hours to complete the reaction. In this manner, a vinyl resin (B6) having a number average molecular weight of 4400 was obtained. The vinyl resin (B6) solution was turbid.

<< Production Example 7 >>
In a reaction vessel equipped with a gas introduction tube, a condenser, a stirring blade, and a thermometer, 100 parts of cyclohexanone was charged and the temperature was raised to 95 ° C., and the inside of the reaction vessel was purged with nitrogen. 5 parts, 25 parts of benzyl methacrylate, 25 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 3.5 parts of methacrylic acid, 125 parts of cyclohexanone, and 2.5 parts of azobisisobutyronitrile were previously mixed uniformly over 2 hours. Then, stirring was continued at the same temperature for 3 hours to complete the reaction. Thus, a vinyl resin (B7) having a number average molecular weight of 5000 was obtained.

<< Examples 17 to 31 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 >>
Table 1 and Table 2 show the weights of the vinyl dispersants (A) obtained in Examples 1 to 15, titanium oxide (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries) as a pigment, solvent, and glass beads (0.8 mm). (G) A 140 mL glass bottle was charged in a ratio (all based on solid content), and placed in a shaker (Scandex SO400 manufactured by F & FM) (hereinafter referred to as Scandex) and dispersed for 3 hours. After 24 hours at 25 ° C., the following tests were conducted.
Furthermore, the acrylic resin obtained in Production Examples 1 to 6, or the commercially available dispersant (Comparative Example 7), the solvent, and the glass beads (0.8 mm) in weight (g) ratios shown in Table 3 (all (Based on solid content) was charged into a 140 mL glass bottle and dispersed with a scandex for 3 hours. After 24 hours at 25 ° C., the following tests were conducted.

(1) Viscosity measurement About the obtained dispersion, the viscosity at 25 degreeC was measured with the rotation speed of 10 rad / sec with the cone plate type | mold viscosity meter using the cone plate of diameter 60mm and angle 0 degree 59 minutes. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 3.

(2) Storage stability over time The obtained dispersion was stored in a thermostat at 50 ° C. for one week and accelerated with time, and then the viscosity of the pigment dispersion after time was the same as in (1) “Viscosity measurement” in the previous section. The viscosity change rate before and after storage at 50 ° C. for 1 week was calculated and evaluated in two stages according to the following criteria.
○: When the viscosity change rate is within ± 10% and no sediment is formed.
X: When the viscosity change rate exceeds ± 10%, or when a precipitate is generated even when the viscosity change rate is within ± 10%.
The results are shown in Tables 1 to 3.

  As described above, a dispersion in which titanium oxide, which is an inorganic pigment, is dispersed using the vinyl dispersant (A) of the present invention has low viscosity and good storage stability with time. On the other hand, when a comparative carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin was used, the viscosity was high and some of the storage stability over time was poor (Comparative Examples 1 to 5). Further, when a sulfonic acid group-containing dispersant similar to the dispersant described in Example 1 of Patent Document 2 is used (Comparative Example 6), a commercially available phosphate ester included in the definition of the claims of Patent Document 1 When the containing dispersant (manufactured by Big Chemie; Disperbyk-111) was used (Comparative Example 7), a relatively low-viscosity dispersion could be obtained, but storage stability over time was poor.

<< Example 32 and Comparative Example 8 >>
The vinyl dispersant (A16) obtained in Example 16 or the vinyl resin (B7) obtained in Production Example 7, zinc oxide (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries) as a pigment, cyclohexanone, and glass beads (0. 8 mm) was charged into a 140 mL glass bottle at a weight (g) ratio shown in Table 4 (all based on solid content), and placed in a scandex and dispersed for 3 hours. After 24 hours at 25 ° C., the following tests were conducted.
(1) Viscosity measurement About the obtained dispersion, the viscosity at 25 degreeC was measured with the rotation speed of 10 rad / sec with the cone plate type | mold viscosity meter using the cone plate of diameter 60mm and angle 0 degree 59 minutes. The results are shown in Table 4.
(2) Storage stability over time The obtained dispersion was stored in a thermostat at 40 ° C. for 1 week and accelerated with time, and the viscosity of the pigment dispersion after time was the same as in (1) “Viscosity measurement” in the previous section. The change rate of the viscosity before and after storage at 40 ° C. for 1 week was calculated and evaluated in two stages according to the following criteria.
○: When the viscosity change rate is within ± 10% and no sediment is formed. The results are shown in Table 4.

  As described above, a dispersion in which zinc oxide, which is an inorganic pigment, is dispersed using the vinyl dispersant (A) of the present invention has a low viscosity and good storage stability with time. On the other hand, when the comparative carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (B7) was used, the viscosity was high and the storage stability with time was poor.

ＣｕＰｃは、銅フタロシアニン残基を表す。[Production Example 1 of basic synergist (Y)]
After 50 parts of copper phthalocyanine as a pigment component was chlorosulfonated, it was reacted with 15 parts of N, N-diethylaminopropylamine as an amine component to obtain 62 parts of basic synergist (Y1). The basic synergist (Y1) is represented by the following structural formula.

CuPc represents a copper phthalocyanine residue.

ＣｕＰｃは、銅フタロシアニン残基を表す。[Production Example 2 of basic synergist (Y)]
After chloromethylating 50 parts of copper phthalocyanine as a pigment component, it was reacted with 40 parts of dibutylamine as an amine component to obtain 95 parts of basic synergist (Y2). The basic synergist (Y2) is represented by the following structural formula.

CuPc represents a copper phthalocyanine residue.

[Production Example 3 of basic synergist (Y)]
After chloroacetamidomethylation of 50 parts of quinacridone as a pigment component, it was reacted with 40 parts of N-methylpiperazine as an amine component to obtain 103 parts of a basic synergist (Y3). The basic synergist (Y3) is represented by the following structural formula.

[Production Example 4 of Basic Synergist (Y)]
A basic synergist (Y4) was obtained by the same method as in Production Example 1 using diphenyl diketopyrrolopyrrole as the dye component and N-aminopropylmorpholine as the amine component. The basic synergist (Y4) is represented by the following structural formula.

[Production Examples 5 to 11 of basic synergist (Y)]
The following basic synergists (Y5) to basic synergists (Y11), that is, pigment derivatives, anthraquinone derivatives, by the same method as in Production Examples 1 to 4 of the above basic synergists (Y1) to (Y4) And an acridone derivative was obtained.
Basic synergist (Y5):

Basic synergist (Y6):

Basic synergist (Y7):

Basic synergist (Y8):

Basic synergist (Y9):

Basic synergist (Y10):

Basic synergist (Y11):

  In the same manner as in Production Examples 1 to 11 of the basic synergists (Y1) to (Y11), the pigment component, anthraquinone, acridone or triazine is reacted with the amine component, or the compound having the amine component is cupped. Various basic synergists (Y) can be produced by synthesizing dyes by ring reaction.

Example 33
As pigment (P), 9 parts of Pigment Blue 15: 3, 1 part of basic synergist (Y1), 1 part of vinyl dispersant (A4), alkyd resin ("Phtalkid 133-60" manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) 29 Parts, 10 parts of melamine resin (“Melan 20” manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.), 50 parts of solvent (mixed thinner comprising methoxypropyl acetate / xylene / n-butanol = 6/2/2 (weight ratio)) are charged into a glass bottle. (All the amounts charged were based on solid content). After preliminary dispersion with a disper, 250 parts of zirconia beads having a diameter of 0.5 mm were charged as a dispersion medium, and main dispersion was performed with scandex to obtain a pigment dispersion.
The viscosity of the obtained pigment dispersion was measured with a B-type viscometer, and the performance of the dispersion was evaluated by the viscosity and TI value [= (viscosity at 6 rpm) / (viscosity at 60 rpm)]. The viscosity at 6 rpm was 300 mPa · s, the viscosity at 60 rpm was 270 mPa · s, and the TI value was 1.11. Further, the obtained pigment dispersion was stored in a thermostat at 50 ° C. for 1 week and accelerated with time, and the change in viscosity of the pigment dispersion before and after aging was measured to determine the storage stability. The viscosity at 6 rpm was 290 mPa · s, and the rate of change was −3%.
The obtained pigment dispersion was applied to an aluminum plate with a # 5 bar coater and baked at 180 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a colored coating film. This was immersed in a 5% strength saline solution for 24 hours to evaluate chemical resistance. There was no change in the appearance of the colored coating film before and after the immersion in the saline solution, and the chemical resistance was good.

<< Examples 34 to 51 and Comparative Examples 9 to 25 >>
Using the components shown in Tables 5 to 8 below (all the amounts charged were based on solid content), pigment dispersions were obtained in the same manner as in Example 33, and evaluated in the same manner as described above. did. The lower the viscosity, the better, and the closer the TI value is to 1, the better. Moreover, the evaluation criteria of the rate of change in viscosity after being stored in a thermostat at 50 ° C. for 1 week and accelerated over time are as follows.
○: When the viscosity change rate is within ± 10% and no sediment is formed.
X: When the viscosity change rate exceeds ± 10%, or when a precipitate is generated even when the viscosity change rate is within ± 10%.
The results are shown in Tables 5-8.

  “DB111” described in Table 8 is a commercially available dispersant (manufactured by Big Chemie: Disperbyk-111).

In Examples 33 to 38 using Pigment Blue 15: 3, since the vinyl dispersant (a) according to the present invention is used, it can be seen that the viscosity is low and the viscosity stability is also good. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 9 in which the vinyl dispersant (a) according to the present invention was not used and in Comparative Example 10 in which the comparative vinyl resin (B) was used, the viscosity increased. Furthermore, in Comparative Example 11 in which neither the basic synergist (Y) nor the vinyl dispersant (a) according to the present invention was used, the viscosity was increased during dispersion with Scandex, and separation from the beads was impossible.
Also in Examples 39 to 51 and Comparative Examples 12 to 25 using other pigments, the excellent effects of the vinyl dispersant (a) and the pigment composition of the present invention were apparent.
Moreover, when chemical resistance was evaluated using the pigment dispersions obtained in Examples 34 to 51 and Comparative Examples 9 to 25 in the same manner as in Example 33, blisters were produced in the coated products of Comparative Examples 23 and 24. . From this, it was confirmed that the colored coating film using a commercially available phosphate group-containing dispersant has poor chemical resistance.

The dispersant according to the present invention can be effectively used, for example, for the preparation of pigment dispersions and pigment compositions. Moreover, the said dispersing agent can be efficiently prepared with the manufacturing method of this invention.
As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated along the specific aspect, the deformation | transformation and improvement obvious to those skilled in the art are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (14)

In the vinyl polymer main chain (A), the general formula (1):

{In General Formula (1), R ¹ is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group;
X ¹ is —C (═O) O—, —C (═O) NH—, —O—, —OC (═O) — or —CH ₂ O—,
X ² is a general formula:
-(-R ^a1 -O-) _m1-
(Wherein R ^a1 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkylene group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and m1 is an integer of 1 to 50)
A group represented by
X ³ is a general formula:
-(-C (= O) -R ^b1 -O-) _m2-
(R ^b1 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkylene group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, and m2 is an integer of 0 to 20)
A group represented by
Y ¹ represents the general formula (2):

[In general formula (2),
(I) ^{one of} A ^{1 to} A ³ is a hydrogen atom and the other two are —C (═O) OH, or (ii) ^{one of} A ^{1 to} A ³ One is —C (═O) OR ^c (wherein R ^c is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms) and the other two are —C (═O) OH? , (Iii) ^{one of} A ^{1 to} A ³ is represented by the general formula (2a):

[In general formula (2a),
X ²¹ is —C (═O) O—, —C (═O) NH—, —O—, —OC (═O) — or —CH ₂ O—,
X ²² represents a general formula:
-(-R ^a21 -O-) _m21-
(Wherein R ^a21 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkylene group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and m21 is an integer of 1 to 50)
A group represented by
X ²³ represents a general formula:
-(-C (= O) -R ^b21 -O-) _m22-
(R ^b21 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkylene group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, and m22 is an integer of 0 to 20)
A group represented by
Z ²¹ represents the general formula (21):

[In general formula (21), R ²¹ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group]
Whether the vinyl polymer main chain (A) and the vinyl polymer main chain (B) are the same main chain. Or each can be a separate main chain)
Or the other two are a combination of —C (═O) OH, or (iv) ^three of A ^{1 to} A ³ are —C (═O) OH. , K is 1 or 2]
Or a group represented by the general formula (3):

[In general formula (3),
(V) one of A ^{5 to} A ⁷ is a hydrogen atom and the other two are a combination of —C (═O) OH, or (vi) one of A ^{5 to} A ⁷ Is —C (═O) OR ^d (where R ^d is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms) and the other two are —C (═O) OH? , (Vii) one of A ^{5 to} A ⁷ is represented by the general formula (3a):

[In general formula (3a),
X ³¹ is —C (═O) O—, —C (═O) NH—, —O—, —OC (═O) — or —CH ₂ O—,
X ³² represents a general formula:
-(-R ^a31 -O-) _m31-
(Wherein R ^a31 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkylene group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and m31 is an integer of 1 to 50)
A group represented by
X ³³ represents a general formula:
^{- (- C (= O)} -R b31 -O-) m32 -
( ^Rb31 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkylene group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, and m32 is an integer of 0 to 20)
A group represented by
Z ³¹ represents the general formula (31):

[In General Formula (31), R ³¹ is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group]
Whether the vinyl polymer main chain (A) and the vinyl polymer main chain (C) are the same main chain or not. Or each can be a separate main chain)
Or the other two are a combination of —C (═O) OH, or (viii) three of A ^{5 to} A ⁷ are —C (═O) OH. ,
R ² is a direct bond, —CH ₂ —, —O—, —C (═O) —, —C (═O) OCH ₂ CH ₂ OC (═O) —, —C (═O) OCH (OC _{(= O) CH 3) CH} 2 OC (= O) -, - SO 2 -, - C (CF 3) 2 -, wherein:

Or a group represented by the formula:

Is a group represented by
The vinyl-type dispersing agent characterized by including the carboxyl group-containing unit (G) represented by these in the quantity of 0.3-3.0 in an average per molecule of a vinyl polymer. The vinyl system according to claim 1, wherein A ^{1 to} A ³ in the general formula (2) are the combination (i), or A ^{5 to} A ⁷ in the general formula (3) is the combination (v). Dispersant. The vinyl type according to claim 1, wherein A ^{1 to} A ³ in the general formula (2) are the combination (iii) or A ^{5 to} A ⁷ in the general formula (3) are the combination (vii). Dispersant. Y ¹ carboxyl group-containing unit represented by the general formula (1) (G) is a group represented by the general formula (2), the vinyl dispersion agent according to any one of claims 1-3. General formula (4):

[In general formula (4),
G represents a carboxyl group-containing unit (G) represented by the general formula (1) according to claim 1,
R ⁴ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
R ⁵ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
R ⁶ is an aromatic group, or —C (═O) —X ⁷ —R ⁷ (where X ⁷ is —O— or —NH—, and R ⁷ is a hydrogen atom or a carbon atom number of 1 to 18 linear or branched alkyl groups, and R ⁷ can have an aromatic group as a substituent).
X ⁴ is —C (═O) O—, —C (═O) NH—, —O—, —OC (═O) — or —CH ₂ O—,
X ⁵ represents the formula:
-(-R ^a2 -O-) _m3-
(Wherein R ^a2 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkylene group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and m3 is an integer of 1 to 50)
A group represented by
X ⁶ represents the formula:
-(-C (= O) -R ^b4 -O-) _m4-
(Wherein R ^b2 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, and m4 is an integer of 0 to 20)
A group represented by
Including the carboxyl group-containing unit (G) in the general formula (4), a hydroxyl group-containing unit (J) containing -X ⁴ -X ⁵ -X ⁶ -H, and -C (R ⁵ ) (R ⁶ )- The arrangement of the main chain structural unit (K) does not limit the order thereof, and in the vinyl polymer main chain represented by the general formula (4), the units G, J, and K are in any order. Each unit G, J, and K can be included in a random or block form,
When the carboxyl group-containing unit (G), the hydroxyl group-containing unit (J), and the main chain constituent unit (K) contained in the general formula (4) are present in a plurality, P1, p2 and p3 represent the average number of each structural unit per molecule of the vinyl dispersant, p1 is 0.3 or more and 3.0 or less, and p2 is 0. Is 180 or less and p3 is 6 or more and 250 or less.
The vinyl-type dispersing agent as described in any one of Claims 1-4 shown by these.   The vinyl dispersant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the number average molecular weight is 500 or more and 40000 or less.   The pigment composition containing a pigment and the vinyl-type dispersing agent as described in any one of Claims 1-6.   Furthermore, it contains at least one basic synergist selected from the group consisting of a pigment derivative having a basic group, an anthraquinone derivative having a basic group, an acridone derivative having a basic group, and a triazine derivative having a basic group. 8. The pigment composition according to 7. (A) An ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) and a tricarboxylic acid anhydride (M3) or a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (M4) are reacted to produce an ethylenically unsaturated monomer. And (B) a method for producing a vinyl-based dispersant, the method comprising copolymerizing the ethylenically unsaturated monomer obtained in the step (A) with another ethylenically unsaturated monomer. (C) a step of copolymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) having a hydroxyl group with another ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and (D) a copolymerized hydroxyl group obtained in the step (C). A method for producing a vinyl dispersant, comprising a step of reacting a tricarboxylic acid anhydride (M3) or a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (M4).   While copolymerizing the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (h) having a hydroxyl group with another ethylenically unsaturated monomer, a tricarboxylic acid anhydride (M3) or a tetracarboxylic dianhydride (M4) is added to the hydroxyl group. A method for producing a vinyl-based dispersant that is allowed to react simultaneously.   The method for producing a vinyl-based dispersant according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the acid anhydride to be reacted is trimellitic acid anhydride.   The method for producing a vinyl-based dispersant according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the acid anhydride to be reacted is an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride.   The vinyl-type dispersing agent manufactured by the manufacturing method as described in any one of Claims 9-13.