【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]
産業上の利用分野
本発明は植物、たとえば、農園芸用の植物の生
長促進方法に関する。
従来の技術
植物に対する生長促進剤としては、従来オーキ
シン、ジベレリン、サイトカイン、インドール酢
酸、ビタミンB1、ニコチン酸アミド等多くの物
質がすでに知られている。
しかしながら、これらの物質は、たとえば入手
困難とか、余り効果がないとか、効果が背丈の伸
長などに局限されるとか、あるいは効果が不定で
あるなどの欠点を有する。
また、植物病害防除に有効な２−アミノ−４−
メチルフオスフイノー酪酸を植物に散布する場
合、その薬害を防ぐために鉄塩を併用することが
知られている（特開昭49−14641号公報）。しかし
ながら、希薄濃度の鉄塩水溶液が植物の生長にど
のような影響を及ぼすかについては全く知られて
いない。
さらに、植物を鉄（）化合物とＬ−アスコル
ビン酸を有効成分とする植物の生育促進剤、なら
びに、植物を鉄（）化合物及びＬ−アスコルビ
ン酸を含有する水性組成物の蒸気雰囲気中におい
て植物の生育を促進させることも知られている
（特開昭60−202805号公報）。しかしながら、その
説明によれば、鉄（）化合物とＬ−アスコルビ
ン酸の比率は１：0.02〜0.3（重量）であり、鉄
（化合物とＬ−アスコルビン酸の水溶液中の合
計濃度は0.1〜40重量％である（同公報第２頁左
欄上段９−13行、右欄上段７−12行）。このよう
に、鉄（）化合物は最希薄濃度においても
770ppmに達するばかりでなく、実施例で効果が
実証されているデータによれば、13.75％
（137500ppm）の硫酸第１鉄とＬ−アスコルビン
酸を含有する高濃度鉄塩溶液が用いられている。
そしてＬ−アスコルビン酸を併用することなく、
希薄鉄塩溶液を単独に植物に投与した場合、果し
て植物に作用が現われるのかどうかについては何
等記載されていない。
発明が解決しようとする問題点
本発明者は入手容易でかつ植物の生長に真に有
効なな物質を得ようと多年に渉つて研究を続けて
来た結果本発明を確立するに至つた。
問題点を解決するための手段
本発明者は多年にわたり種々の植物生長促進作
用物質について研究を行つて来た結果次の事実を
発見した。
すなわち、特に選んだ個体差の少い籾を用いて
発芽生長させた水稲幼苗を水栽培し、その際、窒
素、リン酸、カリ等の肥料を一切与えず、種々の
金属または非金属化合物、たとえば、銅、ニツケ
ル、コバルト、マンガン、亜鉛、カルシウム、マ
グネシウム、ホウ素、モリブデン、バナジウム等
の化合物の微量の水溶液を与えて、水稲の生長に
対する影響を試験した。しかしながら、いずれも
何ら生長促進効果が認められないか、あるいは葉
が黄変し薬害を及ぼすものが多かつた。しかるに
無機または有機酸の第一または第二鉄塩、あるい
は鉄錯塩を与えた場合は著るしく幼苗の生長を促
進し、また葉の色が一層鮮かな緑色になることが
判つた。
また、小豆を発芽生長させた幼苗を揃え、種子
と根を切断し去り、葉をつけた一定の長さの茎を
用い、無肥料培地にて挿し芽栽培し、その際前記
の種々の鉄塩の微量の水溶液を与えると茎よりの
発根とその生長が著るしく促進されることが判つ
た。
本発明は上記の発見に基づくもので、２−アミ
ノ−４−メチルフオスフイノー酪酸およびアスコ
ルビン酸の非存在下、無機または有機の鉄塩を５
−100ppmの濃度で含有する水溶液を植物に与え
ることを特徴とする植物の生長促進方法である。
無機または有機の鉄塩としては、たとえば硫
酸、硝酸、塩酸のような無機酸の第一および第二
鉄塩；たとえば、シユウ酸、乳酸、フマル酸、ク
エン酸のような有機酸の第一および第二鉄塩；エ
チレンジアミンテトラ酢酸（EDTA）第二鉄の
ようなキレートを形成する塩などが挙げられる。
鉄塩は錯塩または複塩の形でもよい。
鉄塩は水溶性である方が植物に吸収されやす
く、好ましい。
本発明の鉄塩水溶液は植物の芽生えや挿し芽に
または移植時に、根あるいは葉に撒布するのが好
ましい。
撒布は水溶液の形で行うのが一般に好ましい。
水溶液中の鉄塩の濃度は、５−100ppm、好まし
くは、10−50ppmで充分である。
本発明の方法においては鉄塩のみを植物に与え
てもよく、あるいは所望により他の生長促進剤、
ビタミン類、肥料などとの混合剤として与えるこ
ともできる。それらは、たとえば、水溶液、けん
濁製剤、水溶剤、水和剤、粉剤、粒剤などの剤形
に調製することができ、必要に応じて適当な担
体、分散剤、展着剤などが加えられる。高濃度に
鉄塩を含有する製剤を需要家に供給し、用に臨ん
で希釈して使用するようにしてもよい。
作 用
本発明の生長促進方法によれば植物の根や葉面
から微量の鉄分が植物体内に吸収されることによ
り植物の生長活動を促進し、その結果、たとえば
発根が盛んになり、苗の丈が延び、生存期間を長
くする作用を示す。
実施例
以下本発明を実施例の形で説明する。
本発明者は多年にわたり、種々の農園芸植物の
生育促進作用物質について研究を重ねて来たが、
個体差の少い均一な植物の苗を多数準備すること
は非常に難しい。水稲の籾はこの点で便利に使用
でき、また小豆も他の種子に比べて比較的均等な
幼苗を生じやすいので実施例においては水稲の籾
および小豆を用いた。
実施例 １
個体差がなるべく少くなるように外観、粒の大
きさなどを揃えて選んだ同一株の籾を、紙を敷
いたシヤレーに入れ、常水（水道水を煮沸して塩
素を除去し、冷却したもの。以下同じ）を撒布
し、比較的暗い場所に約10日間放置して発芽生長
させ、多数の幼苗を用意した。
一方、容量20mlの試験管（径２cm、長さ7.5cm）
多数を用意し、試剤一種類（試剤の一濃度毎に一
種類とする）につき試験管３本ないし５本を一組
とした。この試験管に常水のみ、あるいは鉄塩ま
たは銅、ニツケル、コバルト、マンガン、亜鉛、
カルシウム、マグネシウム、ホウ素、モリブデ
ン、バナジウムの硫酸塩の0.1％常水溶液の通常
0.05ないし1.0mlを常水に加えて種々の濃度にし
たものを入れ、試験管内の水の量は常に12mlにな
るようにした。硫酸塩を用いたのはリン酸塩、硝
酸塩は肥料効果を現すためにこれを避けるためで
ある。
鉄塩としては、硫酸第一鉄、同第二鉄、シユウ
酸第一鉄、フマール酸第一鉄、クエン酸第二鉄、
乳酸第一鉄、エチレンジアミンテトラ酢酸
（EDTA）第二鉄を用いた。
幼苗の種子から葉の先端までの長さが５−８cm
の時、なるべく同じ程度の長さの幼苗を選び、一
葉および二葉の長さを予め測定した。種子と根の
ついたまゝの幼苗多数を各試験管に１本づゝ入
れ、60ワツト螢光燈付恒温器に入れ26−30℃間の
一定温度に保つた。幼苗の位置における照度は約
2.000ルクスであつた。10日ないし14日後、生長
した苗を取り出し、一葉、二葉、三葉の長さを測
定して加算した。
鉄塩以外の金属塩の場合は、幼苗が黄変し枯死
するものが多かつた。また、非常に希釈した場合
は対照の常水のみと比べて何ら生長は変らず、結
局生長促進効果は認められなかつた。
常水のみの場合、しばしば葉が淡緑色または黄
色に変り、種子上の葉の長さは大体９−11cm程度
（加算せず）であつた。
鉄塩の場合は、葉が常に美しい緑色を呈し、種
子上の葉の長さは15−18cm（加算せず）に達する
ことが多かつた。
葉の長さについては、前記のように一葉、二葉
および三葉の長さを測定、加算して算出したが、
葉の先端その他黄変した部分は測定せず、緑色部
のみを測つた。また、対照の常水のみの場合、淡
緑色の葉はそのまゝ長さを測り、黄変したものは
長さに加算しなかつた。また、時には葉の幅広い
ものもあつたが、葉の面積や重量を測ることが困
難であつたので同じ幅と仮定して長さのみを測定
した。
試験当初の幼苗の一葉、二葉の長さを加算して
３本ないし５本の平均値をとり、試験後の一葉、
二葉、三葉の長さを加算し、長さの比から生長倍
数を出した。鉄塩を加えた場合も常水のみの場合
と同様にして生長倍数を出した。常水のみ（対
照）の場合の生長倍数を100とし、鉄塩の場合の
各種類、各濃度の３本ないし５本のそれぞれの平
均値をとり、常水に対するそれらの生長率（％）
を算出した。
第１表は各鉄塩の濃度および生長率（％）を示
したものであるが、前記したように、常水のみ
（対照）の葉の色の差による変動、試験時期によ
る恒温器の温度差、籾または幼苗の個体差等によ
り生長率が認められる。生物実験である故多数の
実験を繰返すことにより正確を期せられるが、次
表はその数例である。
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION FIELD The present invention relates to a method for promoting the growth of plants, such as plants for agriculture and horticulture. BACKGROUND ART Many substances are already known as growth promoters for plants, such as auxin, gibberellin, cytokines, indoleacetic acid, vitamin B 1 , and nicotinic acid amide. However, these substances have drawbacks, such as being difficult to obtain, having little effect, being limited to elongation of height, or having indeterminate effects. In addition, 2-amino-4-
When spraying methylphosphinobutyric acid to plants, it is known that iron salts are used in combination to prevent phytotoxicity (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 14641/1983). However, it is completely unknown how dilute iron salt aqueous solutions affect plant growth. Furthermore, a plant growth promoter containing an iron () compound and L-ascorbic acid as active ingredients, and a plant growth promoter containing an iron () compound and L-ascorbic acid in a steam atmosphere of an aqueous composition containing an iron () compound and L-ascorbic acid are further added. It is also known to promote growth (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-202805). However, according to the explanation, the ratio of iron() compound and L-ascorbic acid is 1:0.02-0.3 (by weight), and the total concentration of iron() compound and L-ascorbic acid in the aqueous solution is 0.1-40% by weight. % (Page 2 of the same publication, upper left column, lines 9-13, upper right column, lines 7-12).Thus, iron() compounds are
Not only does it reach 770ppm, but also 13.75% according to data that has proven its effectiveness in practical examples.
A highly concentrated iron salt solution containing (137,500 ppm) ferrous sulfate and L-ascorbic acid is used.
And without using L-ascorbic acid together,
There is no mention of whether or not a dilute iron salt solution will have any effect on plants when administered alone. Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present inventor has been conducting research for many years in an effort to obtain a substance that is easily available and truly effective for plant growth, and as a result has established the present invention. Means for Solving the Problems The present inventor has discovered the following fact after conducting research on various plant growth promoting substances for many years. That is, paddy rice seedlings that have been germinated and grown using specially selected paddy with little individual variation are hydrocultured, and at that time, no fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid, or potassium are given, and various metals or non-metal compounds, such as The effects on the growth of paddy rice were tested by applying small amounts of aqueous solutions of compounds such as , copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese, zinc, calcium, magnesium, boron, molybdenum, and vanadium. However, in many cases, either no growth-promoting effect was observed, or the leaves turned yellow and caused phytotoxicity. However, it was found that when ferrous or ferric salts of inorganic or organic acids, or iron complex salts were given, the growth of seedlings was significantly promoted and the color of the leaves became even more vivid green. In addition, seedlings of azuki beans that have germinated and grown are prepared, the seeds and roots are cut off, and the stems of a certain length with leaves are used to grow cuttings in a fertilizer-free medium. It was found that applying a small amount of aqueous salt solution significantly promoted rooting and growth from the stem. The present invention is based on the above-mentioned discovery, in which an inorganic or organic iron salt is added to
This is a method for promoting plant growth, which is characterized by providing plants with an aqueous solution containing a concentration of -100 ppm. Inorganic or organic iron salts include, for example, ferrous and ferric salts of inorganic acids, such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid; Ferric salts include salts that form chelates such as ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).
Iron salts may be in the form of complex or double salts. It is preferable that the iron salt is water-soluble because it is easily absorbed by plants. The iron salt aqueous solution of the present invention is preferably applied to the roots or leaves of plants at the time of sprouting, cuttings, or transplanting. It is generally preferred that the application be in the form of an aqueous solution.
A concentration of iron salts in the aqueous solution of 5-100 ppm, preferably 10-50 ppm is sufficient. In the method of the present invention, only iron salts may be given to the plants, or if desired, other growth promoters,
It can also be given as a mixture with vitamins, fertilizers, etc. They can be prepared into dosage forms such as aqueous solutions, suspensions, aqueous solutions, wettable powders, powders, and granules, and appropriate carriers, dispersants, spreading agents, etc. may be added as necessary. It will be done. A preparation containing a high concentration of iron salts may be supplied to consumers, and the preparation may be diluted before use. Effects According to the growth promotion method of the present invention, a small amount of iron is absorbed into the plant body from the roots and leaves of the plant, thereby promoting the growth activity of the plant.As a result, for example, rooting becomes more active, and seedlings It has the effect of increasing the length and lengthening the survival period. EXAMPLES The present invention will be explained below in the form of examples. The present inventor has spent many years researching substances that promote the growth of various agricultural and horticultural plants.
It is extremely difficult to prepare a large number of seedlings of uniform plants with little individual variation. Paddy rice husks can be conveniently used in this respect, and adzuki beans also tend to produce relatively uniform seedlings compared to other seeds, so paddy rice husks and adzuki beans were used in the Examples. Example 1 Paddy from the same strain of rice, selected with uniform appearance and grain size to minimize individual differences, was placed in a paper-lined shear tray and soaked in ordinary water (tap water was boiled to remove chlorine). , cooled (the same applies hereinafter) was scattered and left in a relatively dark place for about 10 days to germinate and grow, and a large number of seedlings were prepared. On the other hand, a test tube with a capacity of 20ml (diameter 2cm, length 7.5cm)
A large number of test tubes were prepared, and one set of 3 to 5 test tubes was prepared for each type of reagent (one type for each concentration of reagent). In this test tube, use only ordinary water, iron salts, copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese, zinc, etc.
Normally a 0.1% aqueous solution of sulfates of calcium, magnesium, boron, molybdenum and vanadium
0.05 to 1.0 ml of the test tube was added to regular water to give various concentrations, so that the amount of water in the test tube was always 12 ml. Sulfates were used to avoid phosphates and nitrates, which have a fertilizer effect. Examples of iron salts include ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, ferrous oxalate, ferrous fumarate, ferric citrate,
Ferrous lactate and ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were used. The length from the seed to the tip of the leaf of the young seedling is 5-8 cm.
At that time, seedlings of approximately the same length were selected and the lengths of one and two leaves were measured in advance. A large number of young seedlings with seeds and roots were placed in each test tube, and the tubes were placed in a thermostatic chamber equipped with a 60 watt fluorescent light and kept at a constant temperature of 26-30°C. The illuminance at the position of the seedlings is approximately
It was 2.000 lux. After 10 to 14 days, the grown seedlings were removed, and the lengths of the first, second, and third leaves were measured and added. In the case of metal salts other than iron salts, many seedlings turned yellow and died. Furthermore, when the solution was extremely diluted, there was no change in growth compared to the control using only regular water, and no growth-promoting effect was observed after all. In the case of constant water only, the leaves often turned pale green or yellow, and the length of the leaves above the seeds was approximately 9-11 cm (not added). In the case of iron salts, the leaves always had a beautiful green color, and the length of the leaves above the seeds often reached 15-18 cm (not added). The length of the leaves was calculated by measuring and adding the lengths of one leaf, two leaves, and three leaves as described above.
The tips of the leaves and other yellowed parts were not measured; only the green parts were measured. In addition, in the case of only regular water as a control, the length of pale green leaves was measured as is, and those that had turned yellow were not added to the length. In addition, some of the leaves were wide, but since it was difficult to measure the area and weight of the leaves, we assumed that they were the same width and measured only the length. Add the lengths of the first and second leaves of the young seedlings at the beginning of the test, take the average value of 3 to 5, and calculate the length of the first and second leaves of the seedlings after the test.
The lengths of two leaves and three leaves were added, and the growth factor was calculated from the length ratio. When iron salts were added, the growth factor was determined in the same way as when using only regular water. The growth factor in the case of only regular water (control) is set as 100, and in the case of iron salts, take the average value of 3 to 5 samples of each type and each concentration, and calculate their growth rate (%) with respect to regular water.
was calculated. Table 1 shows the concentration and growth rate (%) of each iron salt, but as mentioned above, there are fluctuations due to differences in the leaf color of the regular water only (control), and temperature of the incubator depending on the test period. The growth rate is determined by individual differences in paddy or seedlings. Since this is a biological experiment, accuracy can be ensured by repeating many experiments, and the following table shows a few examples.
【表】
実施例 ２
なるべく粒の大きさの揃つた小豆を選び、例１
と同様にシヤーレ上に播種し、発芽生長して茎の
長さが15−20cmになつたとき、同程度の太さと長
さの苗を選び、先端の葉より以下12cmの長さの所
で茎を切断して種子および根を除去した。残つた
葉のついた茎を容量50mlのビーカーに１本ずつい
れ、バーミキユライトを加えてビーカーを満し
た。
１ビーカー当り、対照区では常水30mlを、試験
区では硫酸第二鉄の0.1％常水溶液0.3mlを常水30
mlに加えた溶液およびEDTA第二鉄塩0.1％常水
溶液1.5mlに常水28.5mlを加えた水溶液をそれぞ
れ加えた。
対照区および試験区においてそれぞれビーカー
５ケずつを用いた。
これを例１に記載した60W螢光燈付恒温（25−
26℃）に入れ、一定期間放置した。
最初に常水ならびに鉄塩溶液を加えてから３日
後バーミキユライトが乾いて来たので、さらに各
ビーカーに常水または同濃度の各鉄塩溶液30mlず
つを加えた。その後はバーミキユライトが乾かな
いように各ビーカーに常水ならびに各鉄塩溶液を
それぞれ10mlずつ２回注加した。その間に切断さ
れた茎の下端より発根し、同時に基葉も大いに生
長した。
試験開始から３週間後、根を損傷しないように
水中でバーミキユライトを除いた、対照区では常
に容易にバーミキユライトが洗い去られたが、試
験区では根がバーミキユライトを抱き込んで張つ
ているので水洗に時間がかゝつた。結果は第１図
に示す通りである。第１図は実物が1/5に縮小さ
れている。対照区（第１図ａ）では１本が発根せ
ず枯死したので、４本となつている。対照区と比
べ、試験区では根が著るしく生長していることが
判る。
発明の効果
本発明によれば、入手容易な各種鉄塩を用いて
有効に植物の生長を促進することができ、生育に
よる効果が得られるばかりでなく、植物の生存期
間を長くし、勢いを良くし、葉の色つやを良くす
るなどの効果がある。[Table] Example 2 Select azuki beans with as uniform a grain size as possible, Example 1
Sow the seeds in the same way as above, and when the stems have germinated and grown to a length of 15-20 cm, select seedlings of similar thickness and length, and plant them at a point less than 12 cm in length from the tip of the leaf. The stems were cut to remove seeds and roots. Each stem with remaining leaves was placed in a 50 ml beaker, and vermiculite was added to fill the beaker. For each beaker, add 30 ml of regular water in the control area, and add 0.3 ml of 0.1% ferric sulfate solution in regular water to 30 ml of regular water in the test area.
ml and an aqueous solution prepared by adding 28.5 ml of regular water to 1.5 ml of 0.1% EDTA ferric salt in regular water were added, respectively. Five beakers were used in each of the control and test plots. This is the constant temperature (25-
26℃) and left for a certain period of time. Three days after the initial addition of regular water and iron salt solutions, the vermiculite began to dry, so 30 ml of regular water or each iron salt solution of the same concentration was added to each beaker. Thereafter, 10 ml each of regular water and each iron salt solution were poured into each beaker twice to prevent the vermiculite from drying out. During that time, roots began to grow from the lower end of the cut stem, and at the same time, the basal leaves also grew significantly. Three weeks after the start of the test, vermiculite was removed in water to avoid damaging the roots. In the control plot, vermiculite was always easily washed away, but in the test plot, the roots embraced vermiculite. It took a while to wash because it was so taut. The results are shown in FIG. Figure 1 is scaled down to 1/5 of the actual item. In the control plot (Figure 1a), one plant did not root and died, so there are now four plants. It can be seen that roots have grown significantly in the test plot compared to the control plot. Effects of the Invention According to the present invention, it is possible to effectively promote plant growth using various easily available iron salts, and not only can the effects of growth be obtained, but also the survival period of plants is lengthened and their vigor is increased. It has the effect of improving the color and luster of the leaves.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]
第１図は実施例２に示される小豆の苗を用いた
試験の結果を示す写真を模写した線画で、同図ａ
は対照区の、ｂは硫酸第二鉄の0.1％常水溶液を
常水で101倍に希釈して与えた試験区の、同図ｃ
はEDTA第二鉄塩0.1％常水溶液を常水で10倍に
希釈して与えた試験区の生育状況を示す。
Figure 1 is a line drawing that reproduces a photograph showing the test results using adzuki bean seedlings shown in Example 2;
(c) is the control plot, b is the test plot in which a 0.1% aqueous solution of ferric sulfate was diluted 101 times with regular water, and c is the same figure.
shows the growth status of a test plot in which a 0.1% EDTA ferric salt solution in normal water was diluted 10 times with normal water.