JPS6397002A - Multiplier - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To miniaturize a multiplier extremely and to facilitate production.mounting by forming a four-multiplier with a microwave IC obtained by using a coplanar line and a slot line and moreover cancelling an unnecessary wave in phases. CONSTITUTION:A fundamental wave from an input port 8 is converted to two fundamental waves which have phase difference by ninety degrees each other in a ninety degrees hybric circuit 25 to be respectively transmitted to the coplanar lines 10 and 11 and branched to the slot lines 13, 14 and 15, 16 to be added diode pairs 5a and 6a connected in inverse polarity. As a result, even degree higher harmonics generated in the diode pairs 5a and 6a have the same polarity and respectively transmitted to the slot lines 17 and 18, moreover compounded with the coplanar line 19 to be outputted to an output port 1a. In this case, the fundamental waves having the phase difference by ninety degrees are added to one of the diode pairs and a metallic line 12c earths between the earth conductors in the input part of the line 19, so that a double wave, sixtuple wave... are cancelled and a quadruple wave, an octuple wave... are outputted, but the levels of the waves of and after the octuple wave are low, so the four-multiplier can be obtained.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a multiplier used for ultra-high frequency transmission.The present invention relates to a multiplier for obtaining a frequency component four times the input frequency.

[Prior Art] FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing a conventional example. In Fig. 3, 1 is an output port consisting of a waveguide that takes out the 4th harmonic wave, 2.3 is an input port consisting of a coaxial line that applies the input frequency, 4 is a waveguide shorting plate, and 5 and 6 are diode pairs. , and l is the distance between the diode pair 5 and 6 and the waveguide shorting plate 4 (Reference: H, Nie, Watson) 1. AWatson4Ji: ``Microweb semiconductor devices and their circuit applications: Microwav
e Sem1conductor Devicesan
d Their C1rcuit Applicati
onsJ, McGraw-Hill, 1969, New York).

When the input frequency is applied to input ports 2 and 3 with a phase difference of 90 degrees, diode pair 5 and diode pair 6
Assuming that the currents flowing in are IA and 1, respectively, they are expressed as in the following equation.

Ia = Atcos2 tit +A4CO34ωt
+−−−−−−・−・−・−・(1) I * −Bzcos(24Al t + π)+
B4cos(4(t+t+2π)+−=
−−−−−−−−・−・−・−・・−(2) Odd harmonics are excited to the coaxial line side, and even harmonics are excited to the waveguide side. As shown in equation (2), 2ωt, 6ωt, --------- are excited in opposite phases, and 4ωt, 8ωt1 ------ are excited in the same phase, so 2ωt, 6ωt・------
The components of ... are short-circuited and do not appear on the output side. On the other hand, 4
The components ωt, 8ωt, -.-111-- are combined in phase and can be obtained from the output port 1. Therefore, the total current component t obtained from the output port 1 is expressed by the following equation.

Iy = T4cos4ωt + TacO38ωt
＋ −−−−−−−−−−−・−−1−・−・−(3
) The amplitude of the 8th harmonic wave is sufficiently attenuated because the multiplication order is high, and the 4th harmonic wave is the main component of the output.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

The conventional multiplier described above utilizes the unbalanced nature of the coaxial line and the balanced nature of the waveguide circuit to separate even harmonics and odd harmonics, realizing a quadruple multiplier. Since a dimensional circuit waveguide is used, the circuit structure has the disadvantage of being large-scale. Furthermore, since diodes are connected in parallel within the waveguide and a coaxial line is connected to the diodes, manufacturing is not easy and circuit implementation is difficult.

The object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks by
It is an object of the present invention to provide a quadruple multiplier which can be significantly downsized by using a microwave integrated circuit which is a dimensional circuit, and which is easy to manufacture and mount.

[Means for solving problems]

The invention of Woodbrush is based on a 90 degree hybrid circuit in which an input line is formed by a coplanar line, first and second coplanar lines forming an output distribution line of this 90 degree hybrid circuit, and one end of which is connected to the first coplanar line. first and second slot lines connected to the other ends of the coplanar line, third and fourth slot lines whose one ends are connected to the second coplanar line, and one end of which is connected to the first and second coplanar lines. a fifth slot line connected to the other end of the slot line; and a first diode pair consisting of diodes connected with opposite polarities to the first and second slot line ends of this connection part, respectively. and a sixth slot line connected to the other ends of the third and fourth slot lines, and a sixth slot line connected to the ends of the third and fourth slot lines of this connection part with opposite polarities, respectively. a third coplanar line having one end connected to the other ends of the fifth and sixth slot lines and the other end serving as an output port; and the ground conductors of the third coplanar line are connected by conductors at predetermined positions.

The second invention provides a 90 degree hybrid circuit in which an input line is formed of a slot line, a slot line to a seventh and third line forming an output distribution line of this 90 degree hybrid circuit, and one end of which is connected to the seventh line. A third slot line comprising first and second slot lines connected to the other ends of the slot lines, and diodes connected to the ends of the first and second slot lines of this connection part with the same polarity, respectively. a pair of diodes, one end of which is connected to the other end of the slot line to the third and fourth slot lines, and the ends of the third and fourth slot lines of this connection have the same polarity as each other. a fourth coplanar line having one end connected to the other ends of the first and second slot lines, and one end connected to the third and fourth slot lines; a fifth coplanar line connected to the other end of the slot line; and a third coplanar line having one end connected to the other ends of the fourth and fifth coplanar lines and the other end forming an output port, It is characterized in that the ground conductors of the third, fourth and fifth coplanar lines are connected to each other at predetermined positions by conductors.

[For production]

The present invention provides a quadruple multiplier that suppresses the fundamental wave and the 24th harmonic by short-circuiting a slot line, a coplanar line, a branching/combining circuit of these lines, and a conductor between the ground conductors of the coplanar line at a predetermined position. It is composed of

In other words, in the invention of Woodbrush, the input fundamental wave is converted into two fundamental waves having a phase difference of 90 degrees from each other using a 90 degree hybrid circuit, each of which is sent to a coplanar line, and each is branched into two slot lines. and is added to a pair of diodes with opposite polarities provided at the ends of this slot line. As a result, the even-order harmonics generated by the diode pair become homogeneous and are sent out to the respective connected slot lines, further combined into one coplanar line and output to the output port. In this case, a fundamental wave with a 90 degree phase difference is applied to one diode pair, and the ground conductors are short-circuited at the input of the coplanar line, resulting in 2nd harmonic, 6th harmonic, etc. --- is canceled, and the 4th harmonic, 8th harmonic, and ----- are output to the output port, and since the 8th harmonic or higher is usually extremely small, it is possible to multiply the 4th harmonic.

The second invention is based on the first invention, wherein the output distribution line of the 90 degree hybrid circuit is a slot line instead of the coplanar line, and at the branching point to the two slot lines, the ends of the two slot lines are of the same type. A pair of diodes is provided in the slot line, and the output from the slot line is output to the coplanar line for the output port using a coplanar line instead of the slot line. In this case, the directions of the electric fields of the signal waves on the above two slot lines are the same for odd-numbered waves and opposite directions for even-numbered waves, and the ground conductors of the coplanar line are short-circuited at the human power section. , the odd-order waves are canceled and only the even-order waves are output to the coplanar line.

And the coplanar line for the output port has a 90°
As a result of inputting the above two even-order waves with different degree phases,
Similarly to the first invention, it is possible to obtain a quadrupled wave from the output port.

Therefore, circuit patterns can be manufactured using normal photolithography technology, and diodes can be easily installed and removed.
In addition, a filter for removing unnecessary waves is no longer necessary, and the device can be made smaller and easily manufactured.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram showing one embodiment of the invention of Woodbrush. This embodiment includes a 90 degree hybrid circuit 25 in which input lines 8a and 9a are formed of coplanar lines, first and second coplanar lines 10 and 11 forming output distribution lines of this 90 degree hybrid circuit 25, First and second slot lines 13 and 14 whose one end is connected to the other end of the first coplanar line 11; and third and fourth slot lines 15 and 14 whose one end is connected to the second coplanar line 14. 16, a fifth slot line 17 whose one end is connected to the other ends of the first and second slot lines 13 and 14, and a fifth slot line 17 whose polarity is opposite to that of the first and second slot line ends of this connection. a first diode pair 5a consisting of diodes connected to each other;
A sixth slot line 18 is connected to the other ends of the third and fourth slot lines 15 and 16, and a sixth slot line 18 is connected to the third and fourth slot line ends of this connection part with their polarities reversed. a third coplanar line 19 having one end connected to the other ends of the fifth and sixth slot lines and the other end serving as an output port la; second coplanar line 10 and 11 and third coplanar line 19
between the ground conductors of metal wires 12a, 12b and 12
c and are connected at predetermined positions. In the figure, 8 is an input port, 9 is an isolation point of the 90-degree hybrid circuit, and 25 is an absorption resistor. Furthermore, although the input lines 8a and 9a are coplanar lines, they are simply shown as solid lines for simplicity.

The feature of the invention of Woodbrush is that, in FIG.
9, slot lines 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18, diode pairs 5a and 6a, and metal wire 12
a, 12b and 12c are provided.

Next, a more detailed configuration and operation of this embodiment will be explained.

Coplanar lines 10 and 11 may be of any length, but
It is necessary that the lengths are approximately equal to each other. That is, the phase difference of the input signals between the coplanar lines 10 and 11 is maintained as it is, and the slot lines 13, 14, 15 and 1
6 needs to be supplied. The coplanar line 10 is branched into a pair of slot lines 13 and 14, each of which is provided with a diode pair 5a having diodes connected with opposite polarities. A metal wire 12a is connected to the branch point of the slot lines 13 and 14 to short-circuit the ground conductors of the coplanar line 10. The slot lines 13 and 14 are combined into one at a slot T branch at the rear of the diode pair 5a. A pair of slot lines 1
3 and 14 are made to have approximately the same length for the same reason as the coplanar line 10. This length is an odd number multiple of 174 wavelengths of the used wavelength from the conversion point with the coplanar line 10, that is, the installation point of the metal wire 12a to the installation point of the diode pair 5a. If the diode pair 5a is provided near the slot l-T branch, the length of the slot lines 13 and 14 itself becomes an odd multiple of a quarter wavelength. A completely similar circuit from the coplanar line 11 includes slot lines 15 and 16, a diode pair 6a, and a metal line 12b.

The combined slot lines 17 and 18 are further combined in a coplanar slot T branch circuit and output through one coplanar line 19. The slot lines 17 and 18 may have arbitrary lengths that are substantially equal to each other, and the coplanar line 19 may also have an arbitrary length.

The signal wave (hereinafter referred to as the fundamental wave) from the input port 8 is branched into two by the 90 degree hybrid circuit 25, and
The signals are output to coplanar lines 10 and 11 with a phase difference of 0 degrees. The electric field distribution on the coplanar lines 10 and 11 is as shown by the arrows (↑) in the figure. The fundamental wave input from the coplanar line 10 passes through the slot lines 13 and 14 while maintaining this electric field direction, and is applied to the diode pair 5a. Since the diode pair 5a is installed with opposite polarities, the fundamental wave is inputted into each diode of the diode pair 5a with opposite polarity, and even harmonics have the same polarity and propagate on the slot line 17. However, this harmonic is transmitted to the slot lines 13 and 14 by the metal wire 12 installed at a distance that is an integral multiple of 1/2 of this wavelength.
Since it is short-circuited by a, it is not reflected to the input side.

In addition, the fundamental wave that is not input to the diode pair 5a and leaks to the output side, and the odd harmonics generated in the diode pair 5a cancel each other out at the coplanar slot T branch and do not propagate onto the slot line 17. .

The fundamental wave input from the coplanar line 11 also operates in the same way as the fundamental wave input from the coplanar line 10. However, regarding the even-order harmonics output from the diode pair 6a, the fundamental wave input from the coplanar line 11 has a phase difference of 90 degrees from the fundamental wave input from the coplanar line 10. Regarding the phase relationship with the even harmonics output from pair 5a, on slot lines F and 18, 2nd harmonic, 6th harmonic, 10th harmonic...
- indicates the same polarity as shown by the arrow (1'i) in the figure, 4
As for harmonics, 8th harmonics, etc., the polarity is reversed as shown by the arrow (↑) between them, and they are connected to the coplanar line 19.
Shouting is input.

Since the ground conductors are short-circuited by the metal wire 12c at the input part of the coplanar line 19, the second harmonic wave,
The 6th harmonic wave is canceled and is not propagated onto the coplanar line 19, and as a result, the 4th harmonic wave, the 8th harmonic wave, etc.
・is output. Incidentally, since the eighth harmonic and subsequent harmonics are of high order, the level is usually extremely low compared to the fourth harmonic, and this embodiment essentially operates as a quadruple multiplier.

FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram showing an embodiment of the second invention.

This embodiment includes a 90 degree hybrid circuit 25a in which input lines 8b and 9b are slot lines, and a 90 degree hybrid circuit 25a in which input lines 8b and 9b are slot lines.
slot lines 20 and 21 to the seventh and third slot lines forming an output distribution line of the hybrid circuit 25a; and first and second slot lines 13 and 21 whose one end is connected to the other end of the seventh slot line 20; 14, a third diode pair 5b consisting of diodes connected to the first and second slot line ends of this connection part with the same polarity, and the other end of the slot line 21 with one end connected to the third slot line 21. third and fourth slot lines 15 and 1 connected to
6, a fourth diode pair 6b consisting of diodes connected to the third and fourth slot line ends of this connection part with the same polarity, and one end of which is connected to the first and second slot line ends. a fourth coplanar line 22 connected to the other ends of the slot lines 13 and 14; a fifth coplanar line 23 having one end connected to the other ends of the third and fourth slot lines 15 and 16; a third coplanar line 19 connected to the other ends of the fifth coplanar lines 22 and 23 and whose other end forms the output port la; third, fourth and fifth coplanar lines 22.2
Metal wires 12d and 12e are connected between the ground conductors 3 and 19.
'% 12f, 12g and 12h, respectively. In addition, in the same figure, input lines 8b and 9
Although b is a slot line, it is represented by a simple solid line for simplicity.

The feature of the second invention is that, in FIG. 2, the 90 degree hybrid circuit 25a and the slot lines 13, 14, 15.
16.20 and 21, coplanar lines 19.22 and 23, diode pairs 5b and 6b, and metal wire 1
2d, 12e, 12f, 12g and 12h
This is because we have established this.

Next, a more detailed configuration and operation of this embodiment will be explained.

Two outputs of the 90 degree hybrid circuit 25a are connected to slot lines 20 and 21, respectively. slot line 20
is branched into two to become slot lines 13 and 14, which are combined by a coplanar slot T branch and converted into a coplanar line 22. Near the synthesis point, the ground conductors of the coplanar line 22 are short-circuited by a metal wire 12d. In addition, a diode pair 5 is installed near the branch point of the slot line 20.
b are provided with the same polarity. The slot line 21 is also connected to a circuit having exactly the same configuration as above, and is converted into a coplanar line 23. The coplanar lines 22 and 23 are combined at the coplanar slot T branch to form one coplanar line 19, which is connected to the output port 1a. Coplanar slot T
At the branch point, the ground conductors of the coplanar lines 22, 23 and 19 are connected to the same potential by metal wires 12f, 12g and 12h.

The fundamental wave from the 90 degree hybrid circuit 25a is transmitted to the slot line 20 in the direction of the electric field as shown by the arrow (↑) in the figure.
and 21, and propagates there to diode pair 5b.
and 6b. Since the two diodes of the diode pair 5b are connected with the same polarity, the even-numbered waves among the multiplied waves output from the diode pair 5b are shown by the arrows (electronic, ?) on the two slot lines 13 and 14. As shown, the electric field propagates through the slot lines 13 and 14 in opposite directions. Odd-numbered waves propagate on the slot lines 13 and 14 with the electric field direction in the same direction as shown by the arrow (↑), so they are short-circuited by the metal wire 12d, so they are not propagated to the coplanar line 22, and from the diode pair 6b. The same applies to the multiplied waves that are output, and only even-order waves are output to the coplanar line 23.

By the way, since the 90 degree hybrid circuit 25a is a 90 degree hybrid, the phases of the fundamental waves input to the diode pair 5b and 6b are also shifted by 90 degrees. Therefore, among the even-numbered weekly harmonics output from them, the second harmonic, the sixth harmonic, -...-(4n+2) harmonic (nmQ, 1.2, -
...) have an opposite phase on the coplanar line 22, and the 4th harmonic, 8th harmonic, -1111..., 4m harmonic (m-
1, 2,...) are in phase. metal wire 22
Since f112g and f12h have a function of extracting only waves in the same phase from the coplanar lines 22 and 23, only 4m harmonics are output to the coplanar line 19.

Normally, since the 8th harmonic and subsequent waves are high-order harmonics, the output level is extremely small and almost all 4th harmonic waves are output, and this embodiment operates as a 4th harmonic.

The circuit pattern of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is as follows:
It can be manufactured using normal 7-otolithography technology, and after the pattern is created, the diode and metal wire are connected on the circuit. This can provide significant improvements in manufacturing time, cost, and size when compared to complex fabrication techniques for connecting diodes in conventional waveguide circuits. Further, since the metal wires can be easily removed and replaced, the circuit can be finely adjusted. Furthermore, since this circuit pattern uses only one side of the board, the number of manufacturing steps can be reduced and mounting can be facilitated.

As described above, in the configuration of the wooden brush and the second invention, the fundamental wave and the second harmonic wave can all be canceled in terms of phase, and there is no need for a Fino wave for suppressing these unnecessary waves. Therefore, compared to a 4-week multiplier that requires a filter to suppress unnecessary waves, the circuit shape can be simplified and a small 4-week multiplier can be realized. [Effects of the Invention] As explained above, the present invention In the invention, a quadruple multiplier is constructed using microwave integrated circuit technology using coplanar lines and slot lines, and the structure is such that unnecessary waves such as fundamental waves and double waves can be phase-cancelled. ■ Circuit The manufacturing time can be shortened, ■ The circuit manufacturing cost can be reduced, ■ The circuit dimensions can be significantly reduced, ■ The circuit can be fine-tuned, ■ The circuit mounting method can be simplified, ■ This has advantages such as eliminating the need for a filter for suppressing unnecessary waves.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram showing an embodiment of the invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram showing an embodiment of the second invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing a conventional example. 1.1a... Output port, 2.3.8... Input port, 4... Waveguide shorting plate, 5.5a, 5b, 6.6a
. 6b...Diode pair, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b...
- Input line, 9...Isolation point, 10.
11.19.22.23... Coplanar track, 12a
~12h...Metal wire, 13~18.20.21...
Slot line, 24... Absorption resistor, 25.25a...
・90 degree hybrid circuit. Patent applicant: Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation Representative: Patent attorney: Naotaka Ide,\?

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A 90 degree hybrid circuit (25) whose input lines (8a, 9a) are coplanar lines, and first and second coplanar lines (10, 11) forming an output distribution line of this 90 degree hybrid circuit. ), first and second slot lines (13, 14) having one end connected to the other end of the first coplanar line, and third and fourth slot lines (13, 14) having one end connected to the second coplanar line. slot lines (15, 16), and a fifth slot line (17) whose one end is connected to the other ends of the first and second slot lines.
a first diode pair (5a) consisting of diodes connected to the ends of the first and second slot lines of this connection portion with opposite polarities, and the third and fourth slot lines. A second diode consisting of a sixth slot line (18) connected to the other end, and diodes connected to the ends of the third and fourth slot lines of this connection part with opposite polarities, respectively. pair (6a
), and a third coplanar line (19) whose one end is connected to the other end of the fifth and sixth slot lines and whose other end is an output port, A multiplier characterized in that the ground conductors of the line are connected at predetermined positions by conductors. (2) A 90 degree hybrid circuit (25a) in which the input lines (8b, 9b) are formed by slot lines, and a slot line (20, 21) to the seventh and seventh lines forming the output distribution line of this 90 degree hybrid circuit. ), first and second slot lines (13, 14) whose one end is connected to the other end of the seventh slot line, and a polarity at the ends of the first and second slot lines of this connection part. a third diode pair (5b) consisting of diodes connected to each other with the
), a fourth diode pair (6b) consisting of diodes connected to the third and fourth slot line ends of this connection part with the same polarity, and one end connected to the first and second slot line ends. a fourth coplanar line (22) connected to the other end of the slot line; a fifth coplanar line (23) whose one end is connected to the other ends of the third and fourth slot lines; a third coplanar line (19) connected to the other ends of the fourth and fifth coplanar lines, the other end of which forms an output port (1a); A multiplier characterized in that the ground conductors of the two are connected at predetermined positions by conductors.