JPS6394931A - Solid feeding out apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a device for discharging solid materials such as bait, synthetic resin molding raw material pellets, or crushed ice over a long distance, and particularly relates to a device for feeding by throwing bait. This invention relates to a feeding device that is most suitable for feeding devices for aquaculture and fishing.

[Conventional techniques and their problems] In addition to live bait prepared by thawing frozen fish, it is also possible to feed frozen fish in a certain particle shape as feed for farmed saltwater fish such as yellowtail, sea bream, and flounder, and farmed freshwater fish such as colored salmon and sweetfish. Shaped and dried pellet baits and moist pellet baits that have been refrigerated in an undried state are frequently used as fish feed.

A pneumatic conveyance type solid material delivery device is currently widely used as a solid material delivery device used for feeding fish by directing the fish culture side toward the water surface of the fish tank. This device puts thawed fish, dry pellets, moist pellets, etc. into a hopper, feeds the bait to a rotary feeder that is rotated by a prime mover, and blows away the bait with a high-speed air stream using pressurized air from a blower.
It is sprayed on fish ponds. This device is called a bait caster because it spreads bait into the fishpond.

This bait casting machine has a structure that blows the bait away with a large amount of compressed air, and requires a large compressor such as a Roots blower. This requires more power. In addition, a large-capacity blower generates a large amount of noise, which causes the cultivated fish to sink deep into the water during feeding and not come up to the surface, resulting in poor feeding efficiency.

Automatic feeding devices that do not throw solids far away have also been developed. This device discharges dry pellet feed (commonly known as dry pellets) supplied in advance into a hopper in a fixed amount within a unit time using a screw feeder energized by a prime mover, and drops it into the fish pond below for feeding. , the feeding is started and stopped by a timer and is fed automatically over a long period of time.

The feeding device with this structure is exclusively used for dry pellets, and moist pellets and live baits will not fall from the hopper into the screw feeder due to the bridging phenomenon and cannot be discharged. Also, since it does not have the function of throwing bait horizontally or dispersing it, there is a restriction that it must be installed directly above the fish pond.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been developed to eliminate these drawbacks of conventional solids delivery devices, and important objects of the present invention are low power requirements and easy operation. To provide a solid material delivery device capable of transporting solid materials by throwing them without generating noise.

Another important object of the present invention is to treat not only hard solids such as raw material pellets for synthetic resin molding and crushed ice, but also solids that are soft and easily breakable, such as live baits, especially moist pellets. It is an object of the present invention to provide a solid material delivery device that can transport solid materials without destroying their shape and, if necessary, can also transport and scatter the solid materials at the same time.

[Means for Solving the Technical Problems] The solid material delivery device of the present invention is connected to the prime mover via a one-way clutch that transmits drive torque only in the rotational direction of the prime mover, is a shaft that is prevented from rotating freely,
It includes a throwing arm connected to the shaft and having a shovel at its tip, and a container-shaped casing having a throwing opening tangentially adjacent to the outer periphery of the rotation locus of the shovel of the throwing arm.

A crank arm is connected to the shaft, and a spring extending in the rotational direction of the shaft is connected to the tip of the crank arm. The connection position between the spring and the crank is determined to be a position where the solid material is supplied to the shovel or the front thereof, and a position where the throwing arm is rotated and accelerated in the rotational direction of the motor.

The prime mover rotates the shaft via a one-way clutch,
Near the position where the shovel scoops solids, the shaft is rotated by a predetermined angle at a higher speed than the prime mover due to the deformation energy of the spring, and the feed fed into the casing is scooped up by the shovel rotating at high speed. Being thrown.

[Function and effect] A shovel is fixed to the tip of an arm that intersects the rotating shaft at right angles, that is, extends in the radial direction of the shaft,
By the rotating motion of the shovel, the bait fed into the casing is scooped out and thrown out from the outlet of the casing. That is, the shovel throws bait in the tangential direction of the rotation trajectory. The present invention does not move the shovel every day, but
When the shovel throws the solid material that has been scooped out, it rotates quickly, and when the solid material is scooped up into the shovel, it rotates slowly. The rotational acceleration of the shovel makes good use of the potential energy stored in the spring, and the elastic force of the spring smoothly accelerates the solid material being shoveled inside the shovel, without losing its shape. It can be dispersed.

In other words, the prime mover does not rotate the shovel at a constant high speed, but until the solid material is scooped out by the shovel, the prime mover supplies energy to the spring, and the energy stored in the spring temporarily accelerates the shovel smoothly at high speed. and throwing solid objects away.

For this reason, a large amount of energy is stored in the spring slowly over time, and this energy is released all at once to send the solid object over a long distance, making it possible to send the solid object over a long distance using a small-capacity motor.

By the way, if pellet-shaped baits, especially moist pellets, are destroyed or crumbled during feeding, they turn into powder and fall onto the fish culture water surface, contaminating the water, reducing the efficiency of fish feeding. By using this solid material delivery device as a feeding machine, moist pellet bait, which is easily broken in shape, can be fed to the water surface in its original form.
The water does not become cloudy, and the cultivated fish catch food immediately, increasing feeding efficiency.

Also, compared to conventional air-transfer solids delivery devices that use rotary feeders and blowers, there is no noise peculiar to blowers, and the problem of fish farming not rising to the surface of the water due to loud noise has been solved. It is.

Furthermore, since there is no need for power to drive the blower, it brings about a significant energy saving effect. By the way, when casting moist pellets at a distance of about 4 to 5 meters above the water surface with a dispersion capacity of 500 kg/hour, a conventional air transport type bait casting machine required about 7°5 KW of power, but with the present invention. The device is 1/10th of that. In other words, a modele power of 0.75KW was sufficient.

[Preferred Embodiment] Hereinafter, a specific example in which a feeding device according to an embodiment of the present invention is used in a bait casting device will be described based on the drawings.

The delivery device shown in FIG. 1 includes a prime mover 1, a one-way clutch 3 that transmits the rotational drive of the prime mover 1 to a shaft 2, and a thrower connected to the shaft 2 rotated by the one-way clutch 3 and having a shovel 4 at the tip. An arm 5, a casing 7 in which a throwing port 6 opens close to the rotation locus of the throwing arm 5, a crank 8 that rotates the shaft 2 at high speed, and a spring 9.
Equipped with

The driving force 8!1 rotates the shaft 2 slowly, and the spring 9 is connected to the shaft 2 via the crank 8.
A geared motor with a torque capable of rotating the shaft 2 against the elasticity of the shaft 2 is used.

The prime mover 1 slowly rotates the shaft 2 in the direction in which the shovel 4 throws the bait.

On the other hand, in the clutch 3, the shaft 2 is rotated by the prime mover 1,
In addition, when the shaft 2 is rotated by the spring 9 at a high speed faster than the rotation speed of the prime mover 1, the driving torque is transmitted only in the rotational direction of the prime mover 1 so that the shaft 2 can freely rotate faster than the rotation speed of the prime mover 1. However, in the opposite direction, that is, when the shaft 2 rotates with respect to the prime mover 1 in the direction of arrow A in FIG. can be used.

The shaft 2 itself is rotatably and horizontally supported via a bearing (not shown).

The horizontally supported shaft 2 allows the throwing arm 5 to rotate in a vertical plane, allowing the bait to be thrown the farthest distance.

The throwing arm 5 extends in the radial direction and has one end fixed to the shaft 2, and the shovel 4 at the tip has a concave center and a front end so that the bait inside the casing 7 can be efficiently scooped out and thrown. It is shaped like an open hopper.

As shown in FIG.
The upper part is opened so that the solids supply port 10 and the dispensing port 6 are opened so that the solids can be thrown upward.

The overall shape of the casing 7 is formed into a hollow disk shape that approaches the rotation locus of the shovel 4 so that the shovel 4 can pick up and throw the bait supplied inside.

The outer circumference of the tip of the shovel 4 rotates in a circular orbit. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, if the outer circumference of the casing 7 is formed into an arc shape, and this arc-shaped inner surface is brought very close to the outer circumference of the tip of the shovel 4, for example, by about 0.1 to 5 mm,
Almost all of the bait fed into the casing 7 can be thrown out every time the shovel 4 rotates. However, in the present invention, the outer periphery of the casing 7 is not limited to an arcuate shape, but may be made into a polygonal shape, for example, with a gap of several centimeters between the casing 7 and the shovel.

Therefore, in this specification, the term ``the casing approaches the outer periphery of the rotation locus of the excavator'' is used in a broad sense, including a state where the distance between the two is several centimeters or more.

Similarly, it can be used even if the distance between both sides of the shovel 4 and the inner surface of the side plates of the casing 7 is several centimeters, and even if the distance between the two is several centimeters or more, the casing 7 approaches the rotation trajectory of the shovel 4. shall be.

As shown in FIG. 2, the throwing opening 6, which is opened in the tangential direction of the rotation locus of the shovel 4, can adjust the throwing direction and throwing distance by adjusting the angle formed with the horizontal plane. If you want to throw the bait the farthest, set the outlet 6 to 4 against the horizontal surface.
Adjust to a range of about 0 to 50 degrees.

In FIG. 1, a disk-shaped crank 8 is fixed to the right end of the shaft 2, and one end of a traction spring, which is a spring 9, is connected to a pin 11 of the crank 8, and the spring 9 itself is attached to the shaft 2. It is fixed to a frame whose tip is fixed in a plane perpendicular to the plane.

The high-speed rotation range of the shovel 4 can be adjusted by adjusting the positions of the crank 8 and spring 9. The crank 8 and the spring 9 are set at a position where the spring 9 accelerates the shaft 2 of the throwing arm 5 when the shovel 4 is scooping bait.

That is, in FIGS. 1 and 2, the spring 9 is stretched until the shovel 4 scoops out the bait, and at the moment the shovel 4 passes that position, the contraction energy of the spring 9 causes the shaft 2 to rotate the prime mover l. It rotates at high speed to outpace the speed, scoops up the bait supplied to the casing 7 with the shovel 4, and throws it diagonally upward. The rotation is slow until it is scooped up by the shovel 4, and the contraction movement of the spring 9 smoothly accelerates the shovel 4 and throws the bait, so even soft and easily crumbling bait can be thrown without losing its shape. .

The position where the shovel 4 is accelerated by the spring 9 will be explained in detail based on FIGS. 1 to 4.

In FIG. 2, until the crank bin 11 reaches point A, the shovel 4 moves slowly due to the energized rotation of the prime mover 1, and during this time the spring 9 is expanded by the rotational driving force of the shaft 2. At the moment it passes point A, the rotation of the shaft 2 is accelerated by the contraction energy of the spring 9, overtaking the energized rotation by the prime mover 1, rotating at high speed and casting the bait, and due to its inertia, the shaft 2 is moved to a position 180 degrees from point A. It rotates a predetermined angle past the engine, and then is pulled by the spring 9 and stops. However, due to the action of the prime mover 1 and one-way clutch (not shown), it does not actually stop completely, and the attachment of the prime mover 1 immediately stops. It is driven by force rotation.

FIG. 2 shows a state in which the excavator 4 is driven by the prime mover 1 at the moment when it stops.

As shown in Fig. 4, the rotational speed of the shovel 4 is from ■ to ■.
It moves at an inconstant velocity in the section of .

■　Motor drive low rotation section...Sweating bait.

■ Acceleration section: The bait is gradually accelerated, but the acceleration is relatively slow so the bait does not break.

■ Baiting section: The bait is accelerated to high speed.

■ Inertial motion section: Decelerated by spring.

The shovel repeats the above non-uniform rotational motion to throw the bait.

FIG. 3 shows the position of the shovel ``■'' in FIG. 4 for ``■'' to ``■''.

In Figures 1 to 3, bait is fed into the casing 7 from above, but in Figure 5, the bait is fed into the shaft 2 of the casing 7.
An embodiment is shown in which a solid material delivery device 12 that supplies bait nearby is connected.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the solid material delivery device 12 includes a bridge breaker 14 and a screw feeder 15 disposed within a hopper 13. Hopper 13
is open at the top, and the bottom plate is inclined downwardly toward the screw feeder 15, as shown in FIG. 6, so that the bait inside slides toward the screw feeder 15 in the center.

The bridge breaker 14 prevents the bait in the hopper 13 from becoming a bridge.A shaft 17 with a pin 16 fixed to the surface is supported horizontally in two stages, upper and lower, and is connected to the prime mover 1, for example. It is rotated at extremely low speed several times in the park.

The bridge breaker 14, which is rotated at an extremely low speed, agitates the bait without destroying its shape and drops it into the screw feeder 15 below.

The screw feeder 15 is coaxial with the shaft 2 of the delivery device, passes through the bottom of the hopper 13, and the right end in FIG. 5 is the shaft 2 of the delivery device. A spiral fin 18 is fixed to the screw feeder shaft 15 so that the feeder shaft 15 rotates to feed the bait in the hopper to the delivery device.

The hopper penetration port of the screw feeder 15, ie, the solid material supply port 19, is communicated with the center portion of the casing 7 of the feeding device in a manner that the bait does not leak to the outside.

The screw feeder 15 is connected to the driving force Ia1 via the one-way clutch 3. Therefore, one prime mover l
is used for driving both the screw feeder 15 and the shaft 2 of the delivery device. In this feeding device, the feed is supplied to the center of the casing 7, so there is no need to provide a solid feed opening above the casing 7, as shown in FIG.

A discharge port 6 is opened above the casing 7 and extends upward in the tangential direction of the outer circumference of the casing.

The sending device of this structure sprays at a distance of about 4 to 5 meters to 10 meters, but particles that fall toward the front can be guided into the aquaculture net 21 by the gutter 20.

FIG. 8 shows a structure for adjusting the flying distance of the bait by changing the traction force of the spring 9. In this figure, one end is shaft 2
The spring 9 connected to the crank bin 11 is connected to a spring box 23 via an adjustment screw 22.

The adjustment screw 22 passes through a stop plate 24 in the spring box 23, and the strength of the spring 9 can be adjusted with an adjustment nut 25. When the adjusting nut 25 is loosened, the pulling force of the spring 9 becomes weaker, and the flying distance of the bait becomes shorter.
By tightening the spring 9 and increasing the pulling force of the spring 9, the bait can be thrown farther. Therefore, the strength of the spring 9 is adjusted depending on the throwing distance and the amount of solid matter per throw.

The spring box 23 is fixed to the side surface of the casing 7, has a spring 9 built therein, and can open and close the top lid 26.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the feeding means and the shaft 2 of the screw feeder 15 are integrated, and the correlation between the supply amount of the screw feeder 15 and the amount of discharge by the shovel 4 cannot be adjusted.

For this reason, depending on the type of solid material to be delivered, the shovel 4
The feed amount of the screw feeder 15 is too large compared to the discharge amount of I can't get any distance. If the tensile force of the spring 9 is made stronger, the flight distance can be increased, but there is a limit to this, and vibration becomes more intense.

In addition, the feeding speed of the screw feeder 15 is also the same as the rotational speed of the shovel 4, so the movement is inhomogeneous, including high and low speeds in one rotation. A large load is applied by 15, which acts as a brake and may prevent the excavator 4 from rotating at high speed.

The amount of feed can be reduced to some extent by reducing the pitch of the screw feeder 15 or by reducing the diameter of the screw, but the temporary overload caused by being fed all at once during the high-speed rotation of the shovel 4's throwing stroke. cannot be reduced. In addition, there is also the disadvantage that the shape of the soft moist pellets is destroyed by the fins of the screw feeder 15 at such high speeds.

The feeding device shown in FIG. 9, unlike the one shown in FIG. has been resolved.

The shaft 2' of the screw feeder 15 has a bearing 28
The shaft 2.2' is supported on the outer periphery of the shaft 2 of the delivery device via a chain 29, a sprocket 30 and a speed reducer 31, which is connected to the prime mover l.

Even if the screw feeder pitch and screw diameter are large, this device reduces the amount of feed supplied by slowing down the rotation speed, and increases the number of feedings per unit time by increasing the rotation of the shovel. Even though the amount of bait thrown per rotation is small, the overall amount of bait thrown can be increased.

Therefore, the amount of bait thrown per shovel is small and the number of rotations per unit time is increased, the spring 9 does not need to be strong, and an apparatus with less vibration can be realized.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 9, when a single prime mover drives both the screw feeder and the delivery device, the structure of the drive means can be simplified to wI.

Furthermore, in the delivery means shown in FIG. 9, a balance weight 32 is provided on the throwing arm 5. balance weight 32
is provided on the side of the throwing arm 5 opposite to the shovel 4 in order to balance the rotating throwing arm 5 and prevent vibration. This feeding device is capable of
It has the advantage of being able to maintain a nearly constant casting distance with little vibration.

Although not shown, the shaft 2' of the screw feeder 15 is driven by another prime mover, and the screw feeder 15 is driven only during the energizing of the spring in FIG. The feeding device can feed the feed into the casing in the most ideal conditions.

1O and 11 show an embodiment in which the shaft 2 is inclined in the vertical direction and the outlet 6 of the casing 7 is provided at the oblique upper end. A solid feed port 10 is provided at the bottom of the upper surface of the casing 7 so that the bait can be supplied from the side of the casing 7.
is opened, and the bottom of the outer peripheral plate 27 of the solid material supply port 10 is extended upward to a slightly higher extent, as shown in FIG. 10, so that the feed to be supplied does not leak to the outside.

In the delivery device with this structure, the directions of the solid material supply port 10 and the discharge port 6 are different, and as in the device shown in FIG.
Since the bait is not thrown in the direction of the 0 opening, bait can be easily supplied.

This delivery device is constructed by adjusting the angle that the outlet 6 makes with the horizontal plane in the range of 30 to 60 degrees in FIG. 10, and adjusting the direction of the outlet 6 directly above in FIG. , an appropriate flight distance can be achieved in the same way as with a device in which the shaft 2 is arranged horizontally.

Although the above embodiments have been described with reference to the case where the solid material is bait, it goes without saying that a device capable of feeding bait can be used to transfer almost any powder or granular material such as pellets for plastic molding or crushed ice.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 is a schematic perspective view of a delivery means showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIGS. 2 and 3 are vertical sectional views of the delivery means shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a delivery means shown in FIG. 3. 5 and 9 are cross-sectional views of the feeding means to which the feeding device is connected, FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the feeding device shown in FIG. 5, and FIG. 7 is a graph showing the speed change of the excavator. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the delivery device shown in FIG. 5, FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing a mechanism for adjusting the tensile force of the spring, and FIGS. 10 and 11 are sectional views and plan views of the delivery device showing other embodiments. It is. However, FIG. 11 is a plan view of the delivery device not seen from directly above, but rather viewed from directly in front of the casing at a slight angle. l... prime mover, 2... shaft, 2'...
Shaft, 3. One-way clutch, 4.-Shovel, 5. Throwing arm, 6. Throwing port,
7. Casing, 8. Crank,
9. Spring, 10. Solids supply port, 11.
・Crank bin, 12... Delivery device, 13...
Hopper, 14...Bridge breaker-1 15...Screw feeder, 16...Bin, 17...Shaft, 18...Fin, 19...
Supply port, 20...Gutter, 21...Aquaculture net,
22... Adjustment screw, 23... Spring box, 24... Stop plate, 25... Adjustment nut, 26
...Top lid, 27..Outer plate, 2..Bearing, 29..Chain, 30..Sprocket, 31..Reducer, 32..Balance weight.

Claims (6)

[Claims] (1) A prime mover connected to the prime mover via a one-way clutch that transmits drive torque only in the rotational direction of the prime mover;
A shaft itself is rotatably blocked; a throwing arm connected to the shaft and having a shovel at its tip; Further, a crank arm is connected to the shaft, and the tip of the crank arm has a casing extending in a direction perpendicular to the shaft. The provided springs are connected, and the connection position between the spring and the crank is determined to be a position where the solid material is supplied into the shovel or in front of the shovel, and where the throwing arm is rotated and accelerated in the motor rotation direction. The shaft is rotationally driven by the prime mover via a one-way clutch,
Near the position where the shovel scoops the solid material, the deformation energy of the spring causes the shaft to rotate at a higher speed than the prime mover at a predetermined angle, thereby causing the solid material supplied into the casing to be scooped up by the shovel and thrown. A solid matter delivery device characterized in that it is configured as follows. (2) The solid material delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the shaft is extended horizontally and the throwing arm is rotated in a vertical plane. (3) The solid material delivery device according to claim 2, wherein the solid material supply port is opened near the shaft of the casing. (4) The solid material delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the casing is open at the top and a solid material supply port is provided above. (5) The solid material delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the spring is a traction spring. (6) The solid material delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the throwing arm has a balance weight on the opposite side of the shaft.