JPS6383552A - Solar radiation energy collecting and transferring device as well as method and device for collecting heat - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To use natural solar white light as general illuminating light or the like and collect the heat of the same by combining it with a different heat collector, by a method wherein the constituent of the natural solar white light, consisting of not only solar direct light but also diffuse sky light within a specified zenithal angle or other wide range, is received as it is and is transferred by an inexpensive and genuine refraction type optical system. CONSTITUTION:A rotatable reflection mirror 1 is fixed onto an automatic sun tracking device, consisting of mutually orthogonal rotary shaft 9 (vertical shaft) and rotary shaft 10 (horizontal shaft) or the like, while the reflecting surface thereof is opposed to the sun at all times. A plurality of positive and negative Fresnel lenses 2 receives solar direct light as well as diffuse sky light within 30 deg. of zenithal angle, for example, or other wide range directly and through the reflection mirror 1. In order to transfer the received light beams effectively, the light beams are charged or cancelled respectively by a collector 2, a group 4 of collimator lenses, an objective lens system 5 and eyepiece system 6 while the accuracy of parallelism of a projected light from the eyepiece system 6 is corrected finally with respect to the optical axis of the light within a range having no trouble for the actual use thereof.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] (a) Purpose of the invention (industrial application field) This invention captures solar radiant energy mainly as r-light, and captures not only direct sunlight but also a wide range of sky scattered light. It is possible to effectively combine and collect light, transmit it to a desired point, and use it as general illumination light, etc., and also remove a part of the light collecting part and combine the main part with a separate heat collector. The present invention also relates to a solar radiation energy collecting and transmitting device, a heat collecting device, and a method thereof, which can also be used as a heat collecting device.

(Prior art) Until now, there were almost no small-scale, low-cost devices to achieve this purpose, and only a few were put into practical use in 1983.
Broadcast on 8CH February 4, 2019 at 21:00 in Hong Kong, a large number of plane mirrors were installed in parallel on the outside of the window glass on the upper floors of the Kamigou Bank Building, and the indoor atrium corresponded to this, and a solar tracking type ( (I don't think it's a fully automatic tracking type) with an array of plane mirrors for light reception (currently discontinued because it's too hot indoors due to solar heat), 1987-5223, or 1986 patent.
9-15803゜Sho 53-18414, Sho 59-219
48, Showa 5f3-224804, Showa 60-〇4315,
etc., one end face of a light guide fiber bundle made of quartz glass is aligned with each solar image point of one or multiple collectors fixed to an automatic solar tracking device, and the desired position is adjusted. They are all large-scale devices that transmit collected light to a specific location, and considerable emphasis is placed on automatic solar tracking mechanisms and maintaining their tracking accuracy. Therefore, they are expensive and difficult to put into widespread use. There was one problem.

Furthermore, today, high-precision solar automatic tracking mechanisms are relatively easy to manufacture, even ignoring their costs, and their light collection efficiency is extremely good on clear skies for the purpose of collecting solar radiant energy. No, even in a sunny field, the effective light collection time is not surprisingly long, and the effect is even less on cloudy or rainy days.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) In view of the current situation, the present invention is based on a general automatic solar tracking mechanism, and uses not only direct sunlight but also sky scattered light within a zenith angle of ±300 and other wide ranges. Expensive optical fiber bundles are used to receive natural white light from the sun at all times and transmit it to the desired point without changing the configuration. By using an inexpensive purely refractive optical system and minimizing the attenuation rate during the transmission process, we have developed a small-scale, low-cost collection and transmission device for direct sunlight and a wide range of sky-scattered light, and its use. It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat collecting device and a method thereof, in which a part of the light collecting part is removed and a heat collector is combined with a light collecting part consisting only of the main part thereof.

(b) Structure of the invention (means for solving problems) Generally, there are many problems when using solar radiant energy, but especially those that affect the price, size, effectiveness of use, etc. of the device. is based on the following points.

(a) Although the total amount of solar radiant energy that reaches the entire earth's surface is enormous, the amount of solar radiant energy that reaches a unit area within a unit time is extremely weak.

(b) Weather changes from moment to moment, even on sunny days.

The amount of time that direct sunlight can be effectively received is surprisingly short.

(C) From sunrise to sunset, the sun moves in a fixed orbit and never stops.

Its orbit changes depending on the season.

(d) The wavelength of light contained in the solar radiant energy that reaches the earth's surface is approximately 300 nm, even if it is limited by its utilization effect.
Taking into consideration the extremely wide range of radiation from the near-ultraviolet region of 500 m, through the visible region, to the mid-infrared region of approximately 4,000 nm, the houses that are concentrated in the gold fields of Japan have
-There are many rooms that do not receive sunlight all year round, and even though the issue of sunlight rights has recently been brought into focus, the use of sunlight is unexpected, with the exception of some solar water heaters that have become widespread. The reason why it has not become widespread is probably because the price of the device and the effectiveness of its use are thought to be unbalanced, but price and penetration rate are closely related.

The four items listed above as realities of the natural world are merely specialized knowledge, and are rather completely unrelated to general consumers, who require something that is particularly effective, regardless of reality. wash.

One object of the present invention is to try to solve these problems as much as possible.

The present invention will be explained below with reference to embodiments (Fig. 1).
is a longitudinal section focusing on the optical system, i.e., a meridional section of the optical system including the sun, along with the optical path of a typical incident light beam. , and @l (horizontal axis), etc., is fixed on the automatic solar tracking device and is rotatable so that its reflecting surface always faces the sun, ■ is the direct sunlight and the zenith angle ±300 It is composed of a plurality of positive and negative Fresnel lenses that receive sky-scattered light directly and via a reflecting mirror (2), and its optical axis is fixed toward the zenith, and the effective angle of incidence w = 600.゜In order to make the system smaller, the diameter of the group was slightly cut, but in order to make the whole system smaller, the entrance pupil position was changed to It is installed near one surface, and its image surface is too large, and its exit side is made telecentric in order to make the chief ray of all the incident light beam perpendicular to the image surface, regardless of the incident light. designed, especially the maximum incident luminous flux (
A refractive collector that focuses on correcting comatic aberration and field curvature aberration due to color in a wide wavelength range with an incident angle w = 300).
Sky scattered light images within 300 degrees and other wide areas are formed on the entire surface, and only the latter image is formed on the entire surface when it is cloudy, and the chief ray of the light flux that is involved in the composition of each image point is All of them are perpendicular to the image plane, and since the image of the sun is formed here on a clear day, the image point reaches approximately several hundred degrees, so no members should be placed near the image plane.

(2) has each image point formed entirely on the image plane (2) as its focal point, and has an effective diameter sufficient to receive the total effective luminous flux involved in the image formation of that image point, They were fixed on the same substrate with a constant spacing from the image plane (2). Consists of a finite number of collimator lens groups with the same specifications that correspond to one representative image point, and the optical axis of the collimator lens group ■ is
It coincides with the vertical axis (2), and its substrate is fixed to the vertical axis (2) and rotates in synchronization with the reflecting mirror (2) on the automatic solar tracking mechanism.

Therefore, the effective light beams involved in configuring the representative image point on the image plane (2) pass through the corresponding collimator m-lens, and each wavelength light from the near-ultraviolet region to the mid-infrared region is emitted. , are emitted generally parallel to the optical axis of the collector Q).

■ is an objective lens system which, together with the eyepiece lens system ■, constitutes a telescope system, whose incident light beams are parallel light beam groups provided close to the collimator lens group ■ and emitted from each; is a mirror that is built in together with a transparent window member to form an optical path changer ■, [phase] is a hollow optical conduit that is used as necessary, and ■ is a dust-proofing device installed close to the objective lens system ■.・Moisture-proof transparent window material (■) is a double-layer main body consisting of an opaque material with strong reflectivity on the outside and an opaque material with an air layer inside to prevent outside light and other heat conduction. , The horizontal rotating board @ to which the horizontal rotating shaft [Co., Ltd.] and the vertical axis ■ of the reflecting mirror are fixed is firmly attached to the upper part of the reflecting mirror, and furthermore, the reflecting mirror ■ and the horizontal rotating board @ can be operated without any hindrance and are protected from the sun. It does not block effective incident light such as direct light and sky scattered light within ±300 of the zenith angle and other wide ranges of sky scattering light, while other parts are made of opaque material with strong reflectivity to block external light.It is partially transparent and weather resistant. The cover ■ is fixed, and the reflecting mirror ■, collector ■, collimator lens group ■, objective lens system, etc. are all in one body.
, cover〇 and dust-proof φ moisture-proof window member ■ form a light-condensing unit that is airtightly housed, and the entire condensing group is made of a durable light-condensing unit with a hole in the center that is large enough not to block the collected light flux. It is attached to the part board ■.

(Figure 2) is an external view showing the installation method of the present invention for a two-story wooden house. ■Is the lighting ratio sufficient? A pedestal is assembled to a height of ゛, and the light condensing unit body ① is mounted on this pedestal, and the optical path changer ② is mounted at an appropriate position according to the desired point.

One object of the present invention is to produce as much direct sunlight as possible and a zenith angle of ±3 with a small device, regardless of the weather.
The goal is to collect and transmit the sky scattered light within 0.00 and other wide ranges up to the natural white light of the sun without changing its composition, and to reduce the transmission loss in the process of light collection and transmission. In order to minimize (Fig. 1), the parallelism of all wavelengths of light over a wide wavelength range, which pass through the entire optical system and are finally emitted from the eyepiece system, to the optical axis. However, it is only necessary to maintain sufficient accuracy, and in this case, in the extreme, no auxiliary transmission members such as hollow light pipes or fiber bundles are required, regardless of the distance to the desired point. .

In addition, in order to effectively transmit the received luminous flux (Fig. 1)
In the performance of the collector, collimator lens group, objective lens system, eyepiece system, etc., it is essential that optical aberrations are well corrected individually. However, since the purpose of the present invention is to reduce the cost of the device, it is necessary to use an optical resin material that is durable against long-term sunlight, especially ultraviolet irradiation, as the material for the entire optical system. As a result, the number of materials is limited to two or three at most, making it even more difficult to compensate for various political differences in lens design. is not limited to direct sunlight, but always at the zenith angle ±3
In order to effectively condense even the sky scattered light within 0.00, it is ideal to correct chromatic aberration on an apochromatic level, but it is almost impossible to even correct chromatic aberration on an achromatic level.

Due to these circumstances, for example, comatic aberration depending on the color of the collector (see Figure 1), collimator lens group, etc.
The light emitted from each of the above is not necessarily in a good condition that can be individually satisfactory in terms of aberration correction, compared to the wide range full wavelength light, but the points that are sufficient for correcting aberrations are the collector The meter lens group ■, the objective lens system ■, and the eyepiece system ■ share and cancel each other, and finally the light emitted from the eyepiece system ■ is converted into a wide range all wavelength light with respect to its optical axis for practical use. Within the range that does not cause any problems,
This is to correct parallelism accuracy.

(Table 1) (A), (B), and (C) show this as a real value for the embodiments of the present invention.

The angle of incidence on each collector is w=300°20
0 and 10G, and each symbol in (Table 3) indicates the effective diameter of the entire optical system - the wide area that passes through the cup, assuming that the effective diameter of the eyepiece system (■) is 240 mm. The meanings for each wavelength of light are as follows.

EP: Height ratio of each wavelength of light passing on the entrance pupil plane of the collector ■ (when the upper limit is +1 and the lower limit is -1) YO: Each EP passing through the first surface of the collector ■ The height of each wavelength of light corresponding to.

Yl: Height of each wavelength light corresponding to each EP passing through the final surface of the eyepiece system ■, yz: t* Passing through a virtual surface set at a distance of 3M from the final surface of the eye lens system ■ Height of each wavelength light corresponding to each EP, ε: Emission angle (in degrees) of each wavelength light corresponding to each EP from the eyepiece system ■ (Table 1), positive sign, The negative sign means above and below, respectively, with respect to the optical axis.

However, compared to general inorganic optical glass, the spectral transmittance of the weather-resistant optical resin material used in the present invention is good in the near-ultraviolet region, good in the near-infrared region, but not good in the mid-infrared region. ,
(Figure 3) shows the spectral transmittance of general acrylic resin, and (Figure 4) shows the spectral transmittance in the infrared region of Acrypet #001, which was adopted in the example of the present invention. (Fig. 5) shows the spectral transmittance of the polycarbonate adopted for the cover 〇 in the example of the present invention. Based on these facts (Table 1), 2000 nm
The above mid-infrared region is ignored.

Now, in (Table 1) (a), (b), and (c), if we ignore wavelengths of 2000 nm or more, all the emission angles are infinitesimal angles.

If we assume that the distance from immediately after the eyepiece system ■ to the desired position is 3M, and that a suitable mirror is installed here and used as illumination light, the distance between this distance is the same as the effective diameter of the eyepiece lens system ■. In the case of a transmission vessel with a hollow light pipe [phase] of 200 mm, in (Table 1), only the emitted light ray with IY21>120 is reflected by the inner wall of the hollow light pipe, and the emitted light ray with lY21'& 120 is transmitted through the hollow light pipe. It passes through the inside of the [phase] and is used as illumination light.

In this case, the smaller the inner diameter of the hollow light pipe [phase], the smaller the exit angle ε
The larger the value, the more rapidly the number of reflections of the emitted light on the inner wall of the hollow light pipe [phase] increases.

The pattern during this period is shown as a graph of the number of reflections per 10 m of light pipe length (Figure 6), and the inner diameter of the hollow light pipe [phase] is indicated by φ, which is widely used for comparative reference. ,
Figure 7 shows the number of total reflections in an optical fiber with a diameter of 0.5 mm.

In this case, the transmission loss when the emitted light is transmitted inside the hollow light pipe 0 is generally the sum of absorption loss and reflection loss, but since the inside of the light pipe east is air, theoretically There are no absorption losses.

On the other hand, on the reflective surface at the boundary between the air and the glossy surface, the ratio of the amount of light reflected to the amount of light incident, that is, the reflective heavy
1.0) and glass = 1, 5), the relationship with the incident angle is shown in a graph (Fig. 8), and for comparison, the reflectances of iron and silver are also shown.

n is the refractive index, and generally for a substance with low absorption, its refractive index I is I = (n-1)' / (n+1)2 X100% Therefore, the reflectance changes depending on the refractive index (Table 1) below,
Therefore, if the angle of incidence on the inner wall of the hollow light pipe q■ is i, then i
= 900-ε, therefore i>86.50 Therefore, as is clear from (Fig. 8), if the inner wall of the hollow light pipe q9 is made sufficiently smooth, the reflection on the inner wall of the hollow light pipe q9 will be reduced. Since the number of times is extremely small as shown in FIG. 6, the reflection loss is very small, and therefore, in the present invention, the transmission loss is small.

In this case, if the distance to the desired point is short or depending on the purpose of use, there may be no need to use the hollow light pipe at all, and there will of course be no reflection loss.

On the other hand, as mentioned in Section 2, it has been proposed to transmit the light beam collected by the collector +21 through an optical φ fiber or a fiber bundle. The success of developing transparent quartz glass has also been reported, and this is thought to be due to the fact that the impurities contained in it as a core material were almost completely removed. When thinking about this, it can be imagined that covering this with a cladding material and reducing the total reflection loss to a much lower level than the current level is far more difficult than removing impurities.

On the other hand, optical fibers have unique angular characteristics that are quite different from normal optical systems due to their total reflectance and wavelength, and although the transmission efficiency of the light beam near the optical axis is good, the angle of incidence increases. As the transmission loss increases, the transmission loss increases dramatically.

A part of the pattern is shown graphically (Figure 9) (a)
, (b), (Fig. 9) (b) is the total reflectance al, a2, a3. This figure shows how a4 and the incident angle are related to the intensity of the emitted light, that is, they have a tremendous effect on the transmission efficiency. This shows a situation where the light intensity is severely attenuated, al=0.99993. a2=0.9999
゜a3=0.99988, a4=o, 99986;
Also, input 1 = 398 nm, input 2 = 461 nm.

Input 3 = 535 nm, Input 4 = 605 nm.

Input 5 = 667 nm, respectively, and the difference in total reflectance causes the luminous flux transmission efficiency to decrease unexpectedly as the incident angle increases.

The real reason for this is that, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, as the diameter becomes thinner, the number of total reflections increases exponentially.

Now (Figure 10) (a) is a certain point and a certain season.

A meridional cross-sectional view of the collector section (including the sun) at a certain time, showing the reflecting mirror ■ and its rotation axis q■,
It includes a part of the collector ■ and its optical axis ■, and the center of the collector ■ is O1.The incident angle of direct solar light is W' (solar altitude angle, measured clockwise from the horizontal direction), and the elevation angle of the reflecting mirror ■ is θ (same as the solar altitude angle), the most incident light flux (incident angle w = 30') of the collector ■ (incident angle W is the angle with respect to the optical axis perpendicular to the horizontal direction) passes through the reflecting mirror ■, If the points where the reflected light enters the first surface are A and B, respectively (Table 1), d in (a).

From the YO value of C ray etc., 0A=86.8, 0B=158.1, therefore AB=24
4.9 mm, and the points where the upper and lower rays of the direct sunlight flux with the incident angle W' are incident on the reflecting mirror ■tree are A/
B: In the case of 1, after these incident light beams are reflected, the upper ray and lower ray enter the point A and the point B, respectively, and always A'AB=600 (naturally KA/I3'B), so the collector To determine the elevation angle θ of the reflecting mirror (2) so that the angle of incidence with respect to (2) is always w=300.

(Fig. 1θ) From (a), it is easy to obtain 600+θ+(θ-w)=180' Therefore, θ=600 +v//2−−−−−−− (1)
The highest temperature in Japan is approximately 890.
OO≦W′≦890 Therefore, 600≦θ≦104.50 And when the incident angle W of the direct sunlight beam changes.

It can be seen that the increment of the elevation angle .theta. of the reflecting mirror (2) relative to 600 is adjusted by half the amount of change in the incident angle W'.

On the other hand, in Japan, which is long from north to south, the quality of products varies depending on the latitude, season, time of day, etc., and the best quality products in Japan, South and Central Japan are generally as shown in the table below.

Also, according to my experience, in Japan, especially from the autumn equinox through the winter solstice until the spring equinox of the following year, is the season when light and heat are required, so we want to receive and transmit direct sunlight as effectively as possible.

Fortunately, according to the table above, the highest temperature during this period was approximately 600.
Therefore, in the above equation (1), O≦W′≦6
00, therefore, if we limit 600≦θ≦900, all the direct sunlight during this period will be received and imaged as the maximum incident oblique light flux that can be accepted by the collector ■, via the reflecting mirror ■, and will be imaged by the reflecting mirror ■. , collimator m-shins group ■
Since the lenses are synchronized and tracked, the collimator lens that inherits the received and imaged direct sunlight beam is always a specific one, regardless of changes in time, and its light reception and transmission efficiency remains high and constant. becomes. (Details will be described later) As mentioned above, setting the upper limit of the rotational delay of the reflection mirror (■) at an elevation angle of 0 to 900 is clearly advantageous for downsizing the cover (〇) that covers it (Fig. 1θ) ( (b) and (c) are the incident angle of direct sunlight w'=o, respectively.

(sunrise) and w = 600. When the incident angle W' is less than 600, direct sunlight is always incident on the collector ■ only via the reflecting mirror ■; in this case, the direct sunlight is directly received by the collector ■. Although the incident light is not received by
Even in this case, the zenith angle to the collector ■ is ±3.
Sky scattered light within 0.00 and other wide ranges are always effectively combined and added and received and transmitted regardless of whether it is rain or shine.

(Figure 10) In (a), (b), and (c).

Since AB = 244.9 mm, if we assume that the center of the rotation axis of the reflecting mirror ■ is T, and that T is on the extension line of the first surface of the collector ■, OT = 170 mm (there is no need to limit it in this way) ) (Figure 10) In (c), AT = 256.8mm, so T
to = ATXt an600 = 444.79Q as well as TB
%20.61mm, therefore, the effective length of the necessary reflecting mirror ■ when the incident angle and J=600 is lB'tx424.1
8mm, on the other hand (Fig. 10) (b) to T -TA=
256, 8mm.

-TB'=TB=11.9mm Therefore, the required effective length of the reflecting mirror (■) in this case is 244.9mm, and after all, the reflecting mirror θ between 00≦W'≦600)
The required effective length is 432.89 mm. (Figure 10) In the case of (b), it appears that only a part of the reflecting mirror ■ is used, but this is only when the light is limited to direct sunlight. In the case of this figure as well as in the case of (c) in Figure 10, the effective length (effective surface) of the reflecting mirror ■ is within the effective incidence angle of the collector Q) in the direction directly facing the reflecting mirror ■. The system is fully utilized to receive sky-scattered light, and these circumstances are as illustrated in (Figure 11).

In other words, in the case of 0=600, the reflection surface of the 1 reflection mirror (■) always faces the sun due to the automatic solar tracking mechanism, so when the sky is clear, direct sunlight can be effectively received and transmitted as described in 2. Regardless of whether it is rain or shine, the angle of incidence in that direction is 00≦J≦6
It is possible to effectively condense and transmit the reflected light from the sky through the reflecting mirror (2), even for the sky scattered light between
change with.

” - If we take the above into account (Figure 10) (b), that is, if the elevation angle of the reflecting mirror ■ is 0=soo, then in the meridional plane of the collector @ including the sun, the sun will directly hit the sun on a clear day. Not only light, but also rainy weather, even cloudy fields covered with thick clouds, scattered light in the sky between OO≦W'≦600 in that direction within this plane passes through a reflecting mirror ■, and the reflected light is collected by a collector. In contrast to ■, the sky scattered light that is effectively incident, received and transmitted, and has a zenith angle of ±300, is always effectively incident directly on the collector (excluding from behind the reflecting mirror ■), and this All light rays such as

Also, in the case of (c) in Figure 10, some of the sky scattered light is effectively received and transmitted via the reflecting mirror ■, but the sky scattering occurs when the incident angle is between OO≦W'≦600. Even if the light is reflected by the reflecting mirror ■ and enters the effective diameter of the collector ■, the angle of incidence of the reflected light on the collector ■ is all w > 300, and the light is received and transmitted beyond the acceptance angle of the collector ■. Only the sky scattered light whose incident angle is between 600≦W≦900 is effectively received and transmitted, and is partially merged with the sky scattered light within ±300 of the zenith angle that directly enters the collector ■.・It will be communicated.

Next, (Figure 12) (Figure 13) shows the image plane ■ around the vernal equinox, which includes the reflecting mirror ■ and its rotation axis in (Figure 1).
A plan view as seen from the ray incidence side of the collector, and a vertical cross-sectional view including the common optical axis of the collector, the image plane, and the collimator lens group, and the sun. If XY is a straight line that is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the mirror ■ and passes through O through the center, then depending on the operation of the automatic solar tracking device,
Always within the meridional plane of the collector ■ including Y,
Since the sun exists, from (Figure 1O) (B) to (Figure 1O)
Figure) Until (c) is reached, that is, the incident angle of direct sunlight is QO≦
During w5soo, all direct solar light enters the reflecting mirror ■, and as mentioned above, in this embodiment, the reflected light always has an incident angle w = 3 with respect to the collector ■.
Since the elevation angle θ of the reflecting mirror ■ operates so that it becomes 00,
After passing through the collector ■, the sun image moves along a constant circle C3 centered at 0 on the image plane ■ from the sunrise position to the sunset position.
You will have to move.

(Fig. 12) is the position of midday around the vernal equinox, and if the solar altitude angle in this case is within 600, the solar image point at that time is the intersection of XY and 03 in (Fig. 12). If the sun image points at sunrise and sunset on that day are R and S, respectively, they are on the same circumference C3, and as time passes, the sun image changes from R to F3 on C3. It is clear that in this case, the rotation axis of the reflecting mirror (2) moves from d to O) // via the [stock] position.

That is, in Japan, from the autumnal equinox to the vernal equinox, the sun image at the clear sky exit does not exist anywhere other than on the upper arc RF3S of the 03 circumference.

In addition to direct sunlight, the sky scattered light that is effectively received is also
The image is entirely formed within the circumference of the image plane 0103, and there are countless image points, except for the image point of the sky scattered light within ±300 of the zenith angle, which directly enters and forms an image on the collector ■. It is clear that the image rotates concentrically by /RO3 from to sunset on the image plane ■.

Now, in order to make all the rays involved in the image formation of each of the countless image points formed on the image plane ■ emit as parallel rays after image formation, it is necessary to There is no other way than to provide a so-called fly's eye lens, in which countless minute lenses, that is, collimator φ lens groups, are arranged close to the image plane, each with its focal point at a point (not necessarily above). A solar image is formed on the arc RF3S on the surface ■,
Since the image point reaches approximately 5 to 60♂C, a transparent member in particular cannot be brought close to the image plane (■), and furthermore, in the embodiment of the present invention, a weather-resistant optical resin is used for the optical system. Therefore, the collimator φ lens group (■) must be placed at a considerable distance from the image plane (■), and the distance between them is sufficient to receive the effective luminous flux out of the total luminous flux involved in the formation of each image point. diameter.

At the same time as applying it to each collimator m-lens,
After the received wide-range all-wavelength light passes through the entire optical system, the exit angle ε from the eyepiece system ■ is finally determined under conditions that allow it to be corrected within a range that does not cause any practical problems along with each partial optical system. It is.

Therefore, each collimator lens has a certain size, and the collimator Φ lens group ■ is composed of a finite number of lenses corresponding to the representative image points as described below. The plan view seen from the direction of incidence is (first
Figure 4).

(Fig. 12), the angle of incidence w = 3 with respect to the collector ■
All the light beams of 00 are imaged on the circumference of 03, and in the same way w
If the circumferences at which the incident light beams of = 200 and w = 100 form images on the image plane ■ are C2 and C1, respectively, these are clearly concentric circles centered on O, and the intersection of these concentric circles and XY F3, F2, Fl and Fl', respectively, as shown.
F2', F3' (Fig. 14), the collimators corresponding to these image points are L3, F2.
If Ll and Ll, F2 are L3', the collector ■
Since the exit side of the is designed to be highly precise telecentric, as is clearly shown in Figure 13, the principal rays of the light beams involved in the configuration of each image point are all directed to the image plane ■ and the collimator.・Since it is perpendicular to the substrate of lens group (■), the circumferences around which the centers of Ll, Ll, etc. in (Fig. 14) exist are the same as the concentric circles C3, C2, and C1 in (Fig. 12), respectively. Match.

Now (Fig. 12), if the incident angle of direct sunlight is between O≦5600, then the sun image will be on the 03 circle and R at sunrise. From the point, F at south central time
It travels through 3 points to 8 points at sunset, but in Japan, the highest altitude in the middle of Japan varies depending on the latitude, and is about 890 points.
(The angle of incidence on the collector ■ increases to w = lO), and the angle of incidence W' force (= exceeds 600 and is between 890 and
In the embodiment of the present invention, the elevation angle of the reflecting mirror (2) is θ=9.
The automatic solar tracking device is designed so that the angle of incidence is fixed at 00, so if the incident angle is between 600≦W'≦890, the incident angle of the reflected light to the collector ■ is all w = 300, and the light is effectively received and transmitted to the collector ■.

For example, when the Nichinan mid-height is w' = 700, the angle of incidence on the collector ■ is w = -200, and the solar image in this case is clearly F2 (Fig. 12), which is exactly the same as w.
When '=800, w=-100, and the solar image in this case is Fl in (Figure 1-2), to which collimator lenses L2 and Ll correspond, respectively.

On the other hand, from the moment the incident angle W of direct solar light exceeds 600, the incident angle W to the collector ■ becomes less than 300, and w'
=600, direct sunlight directly enters the collector (2) and is effectively received and transmitted, and the solar image at this time becomes the diametrical opposite point F3 of F3.

Furthermore, for example, if the Nichinan altitude is w' = 700, 800, then w = 200, 100, so in this case, the collimator lenses L2 and Ll will correspond to these. All image points such as 1 and 2 rotate clockwise by LaO2 on the image plane 2 between sunrise and sunset as time passes due to the operation of the automatic solar tracking device.

Therefore, the substrate of the collimator lens group (12th
(Fig.) and (Fig. 14) are fixed on their vertical axes (■) in the overlapping position as shown in the figure, and the reflection mirror (■) and the collimator lens group (→) are fixed by the operation of the automatic solar tracking mechanism.
When synchronously rotated φ, the solar image points F3, F2, Fl, Fl
Collimator lenses corresponding to ', F2', F3', etc. are always specific F3, F2,
Ll, Ll', F2. Limited to F3.

In this case, replace the collimator lens group with the reflecting mirror
If you keep the view in a fixed state without synchronizing with the sun image, the sun image will rotate around the concentric circles C3, C2, and CIJ on (Figure 1), so naturally it will correspond to those sun images ( 14th
This is successively inherited by a large number of collimator lenses (not shown) arranged on concentric circles C3°C2 and C1 in the upper part of the figure.

However, since the sun does not stop, it is theoretically possible for the corresponding collimator lens to completely transmit the effective total luminous flux involved in the formation of the solar image point at a given time, even though it is theoretically possible to transmit it completely in one instant. On the other hand, the time period in which the intermediate state is inherited by successive collimator φ lenses is extremely long, and the decrease in light reception and transmission efficiency during this time cannot be ignored.

In addition, the sky scattered light in the vicinity of the sun is generally particularly strong, so it should be received and transmitted effectively. Therefore, in the collector, skew rays should also be considered and corrected. Therefore, in (Fig. 14), concentric circles C3 and C
2.L3°F3, F2, F2: Ll, L on C1 respectively
Close to L, collimator φ lens L31 with the same specifications
．． L32, L31. L32, ;L21, L22, L21
゜L22. Lll, L12. If Lll and L12 are placed, these 18 collimator lenses.

The sun images are F3, F3. F2, F2, Fl.

If it is in Fl, direct sunlight and solar poles (nearby Hiroshi)
This is the maximum number in this example in order to make the sky scattered light as effective as possible and maintain the light reception and transmission efficiency at a constant high level.In this case, the effective diameter of the collimator lens is Making it smaller and increasing its number also means bringing it closer to the high-temperature image plane, and manufacturing errors will also be added.
On the contrary, the amount of light received decreases.

Also, the multiple collimators shown in (Figure 14)
On top of the lens and in other margins.

Since a wide range of sky scattered light is imaged on the entire surface, the total effective light flux involved in image formation is received as effectively as possible.
In order to transmit the light, as many collimator lenses with exactly the same specifications as possible are placed on the concentric circles C3, C2, and C1.

By integrating the above, we will calculate changes in the position of the sun image on the image plane from sunrise to sunset throughout the four seasons in Japan, as well as the names of collimator Φ lenses corresponding to these image points, etc., for each day. Assuming that the mid-day altitude is 800, CtlS (2° table) is organized using the names above (Fig. 12) and (Fig. 14) and displayed using real values. In this case, it is the elevation angle of the reflecting mirror ■.

In (Table 2), the numbers and names in each horizontal column change back and forth between sunrise and sunset, as shown by the wavy lines, and the solar image is always The upper diameter F3. rotates with the passage of time (Fig. 12). Located on F3,
Nothing else exists.

(Table 3) illustrates the possibility of the incidence of sky scattered light,
(Figure 15) makes it easier to understand (Table 3).

As can be clearly seen in this figure (Fig. 15), the size of the scattered light flux, that is, the amount of light that is effectively incident on this condensing part, is the same whether it is incident via the reflecting mirror (■) or directly on the collector (■). Although it differs depending on the angle of incidence, in the case of direct sunlight incidence (Fig. 10) (a), if the elevation angle of the reflecting mirror ■ is between 600≦θ≦900, this is the reflecting mirror. It can be easily proven that the magnitude of the luminous flux of direct solar light, that is, the amount of light, is always constant when it enters the collector (2) via (2).

Based on the above explanation, if the sun repeatedly hides and appears behind clouds due to the weather, (Table 2)
It is possible that the conditions shown in Table 3 and (Table 3) may be polymerized or become only the conditions shown in Table 3, and that the condition shown in Table 2 may continue. It can be seen that the sky-scattered light of

Next, considering the objective lens system (■) and eyepiece system (■) that make up the telescope system, the magnification is m, and the objective lens system (■) is
If the incident light is Ω, the exit angle of the eyepiece system ■ is (
Table 1) Since ε is determined by (a), (b), and (c), m = (tan ε) / (tan Ω), that is, B = tan' (m - tan Ω).However, the incident angle Ω of the objective lens system is This is the exit angle from the collimator lens group ■, and these are shown in (a), (b), and (c) of Table 4. In the embodiment of the present invention, m5e2.8x And (No.! Land) (a), (b),
Even if you look at the ε value in (c), the value is on average less than half of the ε value calculated from the above formula, and this means that there are multiple planes in the objective lens system ■ and eyepiece system ■. This is because the aspherical surface of the eyepiece system is used and the exit angle is corrected to within a practical degree, but when the magnification becomes m > 3x, the exit angle from the eyepiece system ■ becomes large and the correction is necessary. It becomes difficult.

Although it is natural that a certain degree of mounting accuracy is generally required for the distance between the objective lens system (■) and the eyepiece system (■), the distance between the objective lens system (■) and the eyepiece system (■) must be maintained at a certain level. At that,
Since it is impossible to require high mounting accuracy for the distance between the two, in this embodiment, the entire optical system is designed with a tolerance of approximately ±250 mm for the mounting distance. has been designed.

In other words, in this embodiment described above, everything shown in real numbers (for a standard wooden two-story house - approximately 81m from the ground to the ridge) is the objective lens system ■ and the eyepiece lens. This is for the case where the distance from the eyepiece system ■ is 5500 mm.On the other hand, when the distance between the two is ``''6000 mm, and the exit angle of the wide-range full wavelength light from the eyepiece system ■ is ε', then The values are shown in (Table 5) (a), (b),
(C), and excluding the near ultraviolet region and a small amount of light rays that pose little practical problem, (Table 1) ε of (A), (B), and (C)
The value must be within the usable range compared to the
Easy to understand.

In addition, the present invention aims to receive and transmit natural sunlight in a very wide wavelength range as wisely as possible without changing its composition, but the sun is much more sensitive than the generation of living things. Since it has existed since ancient times and was not created for the survival of living things, it is not surprising that it contains wavelengths of light that are harmful to some living things, but as a natural phenomenon, the weather changes from moment to moment.
Fortunately, the cycle of clear skies and clouds is appropriate, and the amount of direct solar radiation during clear skies is not necessarily constant.Furthermore, when sunlight passes through the atmosphere, it absorbs water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone, etc., and is scattered by the atmosphere. For reasons such as the fact that rays in the far ultraviolet range, which are considered particularly harmful to the human body, do not reach the earth's surface, there has been no evidence that natural sunlight has increased the mortality rate of humans since the beginning of mankind. Even phototherapy using artificial solar light (arc light using carbon), which is said to be similar, has been put into practical use and its effectiveness is recognized, and there are people who are sensitive to light and people who are insensitive to light. As long as you avoid sunbathing naked for long periods on sunny days and lead a normal life, there shouldn't be any major harm to the human body.The key is to control the intensity and duration of the light.

Also, compared to long wavelength light, the refractive index of short wavelength light increases rapidly in inverse proportion to the wavelength, and therefore its refractive power becomes stronger, so that in optical systems designed with the visible range as a standard, light passes through its effective diameter. Compared to the light rays in the long wavelength range, the light rays in the short wavelength range protrude outside the effective diameter and become much smaller, and the result is (first
table) (a).

(B) and (C) clearly appear, and furthermore, when manufacturing cameras that use resin lenses, custom-made materials that do not contain UV absorbers are used because the color balance may be slightly defective. However, in other cases, all commercially available optical resin materials include T4 and UV-ABSORB.
ER is mixed in, especially C, which was also adopted in this example.
I BA-GE I GY Tinuvin P, 326°3
27.320. etc., if the amount of mixture is adjusted,
It has been announced that it almost completely absorbs the ultraviolet region of about 350 nm or less.

Due to this fact, in the process of concentrating and transmitting natural sunlight, if a specific wavelength is controlled and the balance of its constituent four parts is disturbed, its use will be limited and it will be harmful to the human body. As mentioned above, the ultraviolet region in which the light is transmitted is necessarily controlled, so in the present invention, the remaining 4 components of the wide wavelength band are condensed and transmitted as much as possible without disturbing them. Depending on the purpose, an appropriate filter or the like may be used or the irradiation time may be adjusted.

For example, during a relatively short heatwave in Japan, if you apply a wide-range infrared cut filter and create cool light,
It can also be used as illumination light.

As explained above, the embodiment of the present invention captures solar radiant energy mainly as r-light 1, and captures not only direct sunlight but also a wide range of sky scattered light (including re-reflected light from the ground surface). ) to effectively combine and collect light, transmit it to a desired point, and use it as general illumination, etc. However, if possible, it is possible to combine it with direct sunlight on a clear day, as well as sky-scattered light. We want to effectively transmit the received light φ without leaving anything behind.

So, how much solar radiation energy can be captured on the earth's surface?

If it is the sum of the amount of direct solar radiation incident on a horizontal surface and the amount of solar radiation scattered in the sky, it can be considered that the direct sunlight incident on a horizontal surface and the scattered light in the sky are effectively combined and concentrated. However, by changing some of the functions of this embodiment, the automatic tracking device operates when the sky is clear and effectively receives direct sunlight, and when it becomes cloudy, the automatic tracking device immediately stops, and at the same time the reflective mirror Assuming that the elevation angle (2) is returned to and fixed at θ = 600, returned to and fixed at θ = 900, or moves back and forth between 600≦θ≦900, and if the weather is fine, the automatic tracking device will operate again (in this implementation). Example function 10 is as shown in the table below.

Clear weather = (during automatic tracking) ■, Direct solar light received at the same time II, Sky scattered light received in the direction of the sun within the collector's effective incident angle of 600 ■, Zenith angle ±
Sky scattered light reception within 300°, solar direction only, collector effective incident angle within 600°, zenith angle ±300
(Tracking stopped) When θ=600 fixed: ■, Sky scattered light received within zenith angle ±300 (light intensity approx. 50%) II, Only in stopping direction other than zenith angle ±300 Sky scattered light within the collector effective incident angle of 60G
When light reception θ is fixed at 900; θ, Sky scattered light within zenith angle ±300 is received (slightly); II, Sky scattered light outside zenith angle ±300 is not received θ
= During continuous reciprocating motion between 600 and 900; 1. Receiving sky scattered light within ±300 of the zenith angle (light intensity approximately 50 to 7
0%) II, receiving sky scattered light at a zenith angle other than ±300,
If no light is received or more light is collected, the automatic tracking device will operate on clear skies.
If we consider a case where direct sunlight is effectively received, and at the same time a fairly wide range of sky scattered light is also effectively received, and when it is cloudy, the tracking device immediately returns to and fixes θ = 600, for example, and stops the tracking device, the same applies to this case as well. Since sky scattered light over a fairly wide range is effectively received, the main purpose of the present invention is still achieved, both in clear weather and in cloudy weather, as described in J.2.

A portion of the sky scattered light is not received, and the hope of receiving and transmitting the entire sky scattered light has not been completely fulfilled.

Once again, as a solar radiant energy collection device, if we sort out the most desirable conditions, we can automatically track and effectively receive direct sunlight on clear skies, and at the same time effectively receive all of the sky scattered light, combining it. However, when it is cloudy, only the sky scattered light is effectively received, and regardless of the incident angle, the principal ray of all incident light beams is perpendicular to the image plane when forming an image. In the event of repeated clear and cloudy weather, the above functions should be able to respond promptly.

Here, the reason why we place importance on receiving sky-scattered light over a wide range is based on long-term measurement and visual experience, and it is clear that sky-scattered light outside the zenith angle ±300 cannot be ignored depending on the weather. The reason is that we want to collect the maximum amount of light even on cloudy days, and by doing this,
When considering the total amount of solar radiant energy collected, it is assumed that the tracking accuracy of the automatic solar tracking mechanism and the response speed of the automatic solar tracking mechanism in cases where clear and cloudy conditions change, etc. will be moderated to a certain extent. It will be done. In other words, one sure way to satisfy the most desirable conditions for a solar radiant energy collecting device is to make the light collecting part of this embodiment as one unit (Ul) as shown in FIG. ), the automatic tracking device and the slip ring mechanism are removed, and during the day, a unit dedicated to the continuous rotation (in the horizontal plane) of the reflecting mirror (U2) is used in conjunction with (U2), which is given to (Ul) and (U2). (Table 6) shows the classification according to the functions to be used and the attitude of the elevation angle θ of the reflecting mirror (■) related to this. As an example, Table 7 shows all possible combinations within the range of 2 units or less, and qualitatively scores the functions of each combination. As is clear from Table 7, the values are based on several assumptions due to the ever-changing weather, and factors such as season, latitude, and time are also relevant, and the best combination is determined. Although it is difficult to make a definitive statement, a small, inexpensive device can capture almost all of the solar radiant energy that can be captured on the earth's surface, and on clear skies it captures all the sky-scattered light at the same time as the direct sunlight. It is certain that combinations (Table 7) that can effectively receive all of the sky scattered light even on cloudy days are included.

In other words, in the ui and u2 series, in all possible combinations, excluding combinations between the U2 series, multiple devices are combined and the solar radiant energy collected by each is reduced to 1.
It is sufficient to transmit the collected light to the desired point by polymerizing, alone, or in combination with polymerizing and singly, and depending on the purpose of use, the approved ones may be selected from those listed in Table 7. .

Also (Table 7) (7) No, 1O-ia < (U2)
In combinations related to the series, a reflective mirror phenomenon occurs, so it may be inappropriate as illumination light for reading or detailed handicrafts, etc. However, it is not suitable for the use of solar radiant energy, which is one of the purposes of the present invention. When converting to a heat collection device,
Since it has nothing to do with vision, it is effective.

In cases 4 to 18 that combine the two units in (Table 7), when the two units each receive light and the sunlight emitted as a parallel beam is combined and transmitted as one parallel beam, (Figure 16) is an external view that focuses on the optical system, and in (Table 7), No.
13; Ul2, U21. Although this is illustrated in the figure, other combinations are also the same, and 24 is a photosynthesizer.

Furthermore, in (FIG. 16), the units U12 and U21 do not necessarily need to be provided on the same plane.

Now, solar radiant energy is captured as "light" in the 4th minute of the solar natural light, and on clear days it is effectively collected by merging the sky scattered solar radiation with the direct solar radiation, and on cloudy days the sky scattered solar radiation is collected effectively. If all of the light is received, the total amount of solar radiation can be regarded as almost all of the solar radiation energy that can be captured on the earth's surface, and regardless of the angle of incidence, all of the solar radiation is When an incident light beam of This is the most desirable prerequisite, and all possible combinations shown in Table 7, for example, 2 units or less, as well as combinations between U2 series in the Ul and U2 series. In a combination, if you combine multiple devices,
Although there are some differences in the amount of solar radiation received, all of them satisfy this condition.

Therefore, unit U1. In the U2 series, each collimator lens group ■Objective lens system■
and eyepiece system (■), and only the main parts, the reflecting mirror (■) and the collector (■), are used to create a new condenser unit for the heat collector Vl, V2 series, Vll, Vl2. V
l3. V21. V22 and V23, respectively, and a separate heat collector, for example, a flat plate type, in which a heat collecting plate can be placed is coupled to these in the vicinity of the image plane (') of these large collectors. In all possible combinations of the Vl and ■2 series, except for combinations between the v2 series, if multiple devices are used together, the amount of heat collected will be slightly different. It is a flat plate type heat collector, in which case the heat collectors may be separate or integrated, and the heat medium circulation system may be separate, connected, or integrated. Since it is a condensing type, the condensing ratio is naturally large.Furthermore, regardless of the angle of incidence, the principal rays of all incident light beams are all perpendicular to the entire surface of the heat collector plate, which is the image plane. Because the heat is incident on the heat collector plate, the heat collection efficiency is considerably better than that of a general flat plate heat collector with the same performance, and the temperature of the heat collector plate is correspondingly higher.

(Fig. 17) is an external view including a partial cross section of the Vl, V2 series, when only two units are used in combination and installed on the roof. The main body of the vessel, [phase] is the selective heat absorption/collection plate, O is the heat medium circulation system, ■
◎ O is a water supply pipe and a drain pipe, respectively, and the water storage tank and heat storage tank are not shown. .

Also, the units in (Table 7) Ul, U2. In the series,
By removing the objective lens system (■) and the eyepiece system (■) from the respective condensing parts, and using only the main parts of the reflecting mirror (collector) and collimator lens group (■), a new condensing unit for heat collection is created. .

W2 series, namely Wll, Wl2. Wl3゜W21
, W22 , W23 , respectively, and
On the other hand, the heat collecting plate can be positioned at an arbitrary distance from such a large collimator/lens group (2) without making the entire device too large. When separate, for example, flat plate type heat collectors are combined and each is combined as shown in (Table 7),
These are also concentrating flat plate type heat collectors each with a slightly different amount of heat collected, and in the combination of multiple such heat collectors, the heat collectors may be used individually or integrated. Also, the heat medium circulation system may be separate, connected, or integrated, and the light concentration ratio of these systems is Vl.

Although it is slightly smaller than the v2 series, it is still quite large, and regardless of the angle of incidence, after imaging, all the incident light beams are converted into parallel, energy-concentrated beams again by the respective collimator lenses. It is emitted as a light beam, and all of these parallel light beams are perpendicularly incident on the surface of the heat collecting plate. Figure 18) is in the Wl and W2 series,
This is an external view, including a partial cross section, of a case where only three units are used in combination and installed on the roof.Wl2. W21
．． W21 is used, and the heat collector and the heat medium m-ring system are integrated.

Since Wl2 is an automatic tracking type, there is no need to arrange the three units in a straight line so as not to interfere with direct light reception.

Naturally, combinations of the V series, W series, U series, etc. can also be applied.

Furthermore, in (Units) Ul and U2 series in (Table 7), combinations between U2 series are excluded.

In all possible combinations, multiple devices are used together to polymerize the solar energy collected by each device,
Or, if necessary, it can be transmitted to the desired point via an optical path changer or hollow light pipe, etc., and a heat collector with a heat collecting plate is installed at this point, Regardless of the incident angle of the incident light, all the incident light beams are emitted as parallel light beams with concentrated energy, and unlike in the case of the Suichizu, Wl, and W2 series, these beams are connected to the rooftop by piping, etc. For example, it is possible to generate hot water on the ground.

In this case, if an optical path changer is movably attached to the optical path of the emitted parallel light beam from the eyepiece system (■), it can be used as a condenser, for general illumination, or for a combination of both. You can also do that.

In this case, the condition of the heat collector can be easily checked visually, so measures to prevent freezing and drying inside the heat medium circulation system in winter can be taken more accurately and quickly than if it were installed on the roof. It is clear that this can be addressed.

In addition, in the Ul and U2 series (Table 7), for example, the elevation angle of the reflecting mirror ■ is both fixed at 600.
, U21 are used during the autumn and spring equinoxes when the solar altitude is relatively low, and in the summer when the solar altitude is high, if necessary, both or U21 are used.
2, Wl, and W2 series.

(Fig. 49) (A), (B), and (C) are solar radiant energy collection and transmission devices, Ul, U2 series. , an external view including a partial cross-section of a typical arrangement with emphasis on the optical system, depending on the purpose if it is used exclusively for lighting.
The combination of Ull and U12゜tJ13 is advantageous, and it is also good to switch between Ull and U12 depending on the season, and if it is only for heat collection, Ull and U12 can be used to obtain a relatively large amount of hot water in a short time on sunny days. ．． It may be a combination between tJ13 and Ull, U12°U13, depending on the season. and,
021. U22. Any combination with U23 may be more advantageous, and even in this combination, depending on the purpose of use, it may be advantageous to switch the elevation angle of the reflecting mirror depending on the season, time of day, etc.

In addition, in the case of ground heat collection (Fig. 19) (a), (b), and (c), the effective incident light flux is perpendicularly incident on the heat collection plate as a parallel light flux with concentrated energy. If you install a collimator lens above the heat collecting plate to form an image on the heat collecting plate, you can combine this Ul series with this collimator lens.
The lens combination unit has the same performance as the V-series type concentrating heat collector as shown in Figure 171, that is, it becomes a high-speed water heater on the ground.

Now, as can be understood from the above explanation, a concentrating heat collector according to the present invention: Among them, a combination of a plurality of Vl, V2 series, for example (Fig. 171) Vl2. In combinations such as V21, the focus of the entire sky scattered light matches the heat collecting plate, and regardless of the incident angle, the energy of all the incident light flux is
Because the heat is concentrated and perpendicularly incident on a small area on the heat collecting plate, the heat collecting plate becomes extremely high temperature.
Therefore, a considerable amount of hot water can be obtained within a short period of time.

For example, this combination can be applied to a house in an area with heavy snowfall, and when it snows, a large fan is installed between the two units and rotated to fully clear the transparent covers of both units, and the hot water drain pipe is It is possible to save one task of removing snow by installing a heater in the center of the building and distributing hot water to both sides of the roof.In this case, it is necessary to take measures to prevent the heat transfer system from freezing in winter. It should be useful as long as the hot water temperature is below the average groundwater temperature of 100C.

(c) Effects of the Invention As detailed above, according to the present invention, with a small and inexpensive device, the components of natural sunlight over a very wide wavelength range are not destroyed. Not only can it effectively receive direct sunlight, but it can also receive a wide range of sky-scattered light.Furthermore, if this device and a partially modified device are used in combination, the sun can be captured on the ground. Almost all of the radiant energy, which is the amount of scattered solar radiation in the sky, can be collected, and is emitted as a gain beam, which could not be achieved with conventional solar radiant energy collection devices. For example, the light can be transmitted to a desired point via a hollow light conduit or optical path changer, etc., where absorption and reflection losses are almost negligible, and it can be used for general illumination, etc., and at the same time, heat can be collected at this point. If a heat collector on which a plate can be placed is installed, hot water can be obtained on the spot without having to disconnect piping on the rooftop, and in the solar radiation energy collection and transmission device that is a combination of multiple pieces, A part of the light collecting part is removed from the light collecting part, and the light collecting part consists of only the main part.

If heat collectors are connected, as above, regardless of the angle of incidence, the energy of all effective incident light beams will always be perpendicularly incident on the heat collector plate, that is, the direct solar radiation amount of all incident light beams. It has effects such as being able to see and receive light directly, and becoming a concentrating type heat collector with good heat collection efficiency, which was not possible with conventional heat collectors.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a sectional view of Merideonal including the sun in this example. Figure 2 is an external view of this example installed on the roof of a wooden house. Figure 3 is the spectral transmittance of acrylic resin. Figure 4 is Acrybella. Figure 5 shows the infrared spectral transmittance of OO1, and the spectral transmittance of polycarbonate Figure 6 shows the number of reflections relative to the angle of incidence in the hollow light pipe.
(Per 10m) Figure 7 shows the number of total reflections (per 10m) compared to the incident angle in optical fiber.
The figure shows the reflectance versus incident angle.Figure 9 (a) shows the incident light intensity versus total reflectance in the optical fiber.Figure 9 (b) shows the output light intensity versus the incident angle and wavelength in the optical fiber. Intensity Fig. 10 (a) shows the meridional cross section of the reflecting mirror and collector of this example, including part of the sun, when the incident angle of direct solar light is W/, and Fig. 10 (b) shows the case where the reflecting mirror elevation angle is θ. In (a) W/ = QO
In the case of θ-depth 600, Fig. 10 (c) is w/=6000 in Fig. 10 (a).
When θ=900, Figure 11 is an explanatory diagram of the sky scattered light in Figures 10 (B) and (C). (When θ = 600) Figure 12 is a plan view of the image plane in this example. Figure 14 is a plan view of the collimator Φ lens group in this example. Figure 15 is an explanatory diagram of Table 3. Figure 16 is an illustration of Table 7. Using two representative units together,
Figure 17 is an external view when installed on a rooftop, and Figure 18 is an external view when two representative units of the V series of this example are used together, and Figure 18 is an external view when installed on a rooftop, and three representative units of the W series of this example are used together. Fig. 18 (a) is an external view of the case where the unimplemented Ul series 2 units are used together and is installed on the rooftop. Figure 18 (c) is an external view when series 2 units are used together for above-ground heat collection and lighting. Figure 18 (c) is an appearance when unimplemented Ul series 2 units are used together and used for concentrated lighting at two or one place. The figure also includes a switching diagram for ground heat collection (front view and side view) 1...Reflection mirror 2...Collector 3...
Image surface 4... Collimator lens group 5.
...Objective lens system 6...Eyepiece system 7...Mirror - 8...Transparent window member 9...Vertical axis 1
0...Horizontal axis 11...Wooden body 12...Horizontal rotating board 13
... Cover - 14 ... Hollow light pipe 15 ...
Light collecting unit board 16... Optical path changer 17... Frame
Stand 18... Heat collector body 19... Heat collection plate
20... Heat medium circulation system 21... Transparent plate 22...
・Water supply pipe 23...Drain pipe 24...Light combiner Table 2 Table 3, Table 6 Table 7 Drawings with a rainbow (Figure 4) 21''L sky J- Figure 6, 90-δ one animal → [) 5jIL Δtransfer” - Figure 18 (b) Procedural amendment (method) % formula % 1. Indication of the case 1985 Patent Application No. 61-22719
No. 2 No. 2, Title of the invention Solar radiant energy collecting and transmitting device and heat collecting device and its method 3. Relationship with the amended person's case Patent applicant

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] (1) A reflecting mirror rotatably attached to a horizontal axis is attached to a horizontal rotating substrate fixed to a vertical axis, and a collector and an image plane are provided below the image plane. A representative finite number of collimator lenses each having an effective diameter large enough to receive the effective light beam involved in the imaging of each image point are each focused on one transparent lens. The objective lens system is arranged concentrically on the substrate, and further below it is provided with an objective lens system having an effective diameter large enough to receive all of the parallel light beams emitted from all of these collimator lens groups as incident light. The light condensing part is made up of all the light condensing optical systems arranged on a common optical axis that coincides with the vertical axis, and the outside of the condensing part is made of an opaque material with strong reflectivity, and the inside is made of an opaque material that prevents external light and other heat conduction. The main body is made up of a double body consisting of an opaque member with an air layer in between, a horizontal rotating substrate rotatably fitted to the upper part of the main body, and a reflecting mirror that does not interfere with the movement of the mirror and does not block the effective incident light. , the other parts are made of opaque material with strong reflectivity to block external light, and a partially transparent weatherproof cover is fitted to the bottom of the main body to ensure dust and moisture resistance. It is housed airtight with a transparent window member that has a magnetic field, and furthermore, an eyepiece system that constitutes a telescope system is arranged along with an objective lens system on the optical axis, and the collected light is emitted as a parallel light beam. For example, in a device that transmits collected light to a desired point using an optical path changer incorporating a dust-proof and moisture-proof mirror, or a hollow optical conduit, etc., the reflecting mirror and the horizontal rotating board are connected to each other. A solar radiant energy collecting and transmitting device characterized by having an automatic solar tracking function that rotates around an axis perpendicular to the . (2) In the solar radiant energy collection and transmission device described in item 1, the solar automatic tracking function operates when the sky is clear, but as soon as it becomes cloudy, the elevation angle of the reflecting mirror returns to and fixes at the 60° position. This device is referred to as U11) or returns to the 90° position.
Fixed (this device is called U12) or 60° to 90°
(This device is referred to as U13) and the automatic solar tracking function is stopped, but when the weather clears again, the automatic solar tracking function is restored. The solar radiant energy collection and transmission device according to item 1. (These device groups are referred to as the U1 series) (3) In the devices U11, U12, and U13 described in item 2, the device U11
In all possible combinations of , U12, and U13, a plurality of these devices are used together, and the solar radiant energy collected by each device is polymerized, or used alone, or in a mixture of polymerization and individual use, characterized by transmitting collected light, respectively;
A solar radiant energy collection and transmission device according to claims 1 and 2. (4) From the device described in paragraph 1, the automatic solar tracking mechanism is removed and the elevation angle of the reflecting mirror is fixed at a 60° position (this device is referred to as U21) or fixed at a 90° position (this device is designated as U22). ) or continuous reciprocating movement between 60° and 90° (this device is referred to as U23) (these devices are referred to as U2).
U1 series device (U11,
U12, U13) and U2 series devices (U21, U2
2, U23), (U2 series) devices U21, U
22. In all possible combinations, except for all combinations between U23 only, multiple devices are used together and the solar radiant energy collected by each is polymerized or singly, or polymerized and singly. The solar radiant energy collecting and transmitting device according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the solar radiation energy collection and transmission device uses a combination of the following and transmits the collected light, respectively. (5) In all possible combinations of devices described in paragraphs 3 and 4, depending on the latitude, season, time, etc., and the purpose of use, the elevation angle of the reflecting mirror etc. Claim 1, characterized in that is switchable;
and the solar radiant energy collection and transmission device according to any one of the second, third, and fourth terms. (6) All device groups described in Section 2, Section 3 and Section 4,
In other words, it is the sum of the U1 series and the U2 series (this is referred to as the U series).In U11, U12, U13, U21, U22, and U23, each of them has a collimator lens group, an objective lens system, and an eyepiece lens. The main parts of the system, consisting only of the reflecting mirror and the collector, were replaced by V11, V12, V13, V21 (this is referred to as the V series).
V22, V23, and all possible combinations in the U series described in paragraphs 3 and 4, and in the corresponding combination of the V series, with these and in the vicinity of the image plane of the respective collectors. , and a separate heat collector in which the heat collecting plate can be placed, and these devices are used in combination to collect the solar radiation energy respectively, polymerized or singly, or polymerized and singly. are used together to provide collected heat, respectively.
The main part of the solar radiant energy collecting and transmitting device is that regardless of the angle of incidence of the incident light, all the incident light beams are received and imaged, and the principal ray of all the effective light beams involved in image formation is is incident perpendicularly to the heat collecting plate, the light collecting ratio is large, the heat collecting efficiency is high, and the solar radiant energy can also be used as a heat collecting device.
As set forth in any of paragraphs 2, 3, 4, and 5,
Solar radiant energy collector. (7) In all U series device groups described in paragraphs 2, 3, and 4, the objective lens system and the eyepiece lens are removed from each of them, and the main parts thereof, the reflecting mirror,
A device group consisting only of a collector and a collimator lens group (this is referred to as the W series) is designated as W11, W12, and W.
13, W21, W22, and W23, and in all possible combinations in the U series described in items 3 and 4, these and the respective collimators in the corresponding combinations in the W series.・By combining a separate heat collector whose heat collecting plate can be positioned at an arbitrary distance from the lens group (as long as the overall size of the device does not become too large), multiple devices such as these can be combined. Solar radiant energy collection and solar radiant energy collection, in which the solar radiant energy collected by each is used in combination with polymerization, or used alone or in combination with each other to provide collected heat.
The main part of the transmission device is that regardless of the incident angle of the incident light, after receiving and forming an image, all the incident light beams are emitted as parallel light beams with concentrated energy by the collimator lens group. Claim 2, characterized in that all the collimated beams that are emitted are perpendicularly incident on the heat collecting plate, so that it can also be used as a solar radiant energy heat collecting device with good heat collecting efficiency. The solar radiant energy heat collection device according to any one of Items 1, 3, 4, and 5. (8) For all U series devices described in paragraphs 2, 3, and 4, a plurality of these devices shall be installed in all possible combinations described in paragraphs 3 and 4. They can be used in combination to polymerize the solar radiant energy collected respectively, or to use them alone or in a mixture of polymerization and singly, and if necessary, to collect the collected solar radiant energy via an optical path changer or hollow light pipe, etc. If the energy is transmitted to a desired point and a heat collector with a heat collecting plate is installed at this point, all incident light beams will become energy-concentrated parallel beams, regardless of the angle of incidence of the incident light. The light is emitted as a group of light beams, and all of these are perpendicularly incident on the heat collection plate, making it a highly efficient heat collector.The solar radiant energy collection and transmission device can also be used as the main part of the solar radiant energy collection device. Claim 1, which is characterized in that:
The solar radiant energy heat collecting device according to any one of Items 2, 3, 4, and 5. (9) A solar radiant energy collection and transmission device that combines a reflecting mirror, a collector, a collimator lens group, an objective lens system, an eyepiece system, and an automatic solar tracking mechanism arranged on a common optical axis. In the method of tracking the height of incident light on the reflecting mirror, when the effective full angle of incidence of the collector is 2w, the angle of incidence (altitude angle) of the incident light is w', and the elevation angle of the reflecting mirror is θ, then 0°. When ≦w′≦60°, θ=45°+(w+w′)÷2 is always satisfied. In other words, at the incident angle w, all reflected light incident on the reflecting mirror always reflects the light toward the collector. so that the incident angle is w, that is, it is always incident as the effective maximum oblique beam of the collector, and in particular, when 2w = 60°, when 0°≦w'≦60°, θ = 60° + w. ÷2 In a solar radiant energy collection and transmission device that tracks the height of incident light on a reflecting mirror so that θ = 90° is always satisfied when 60°≦w≦89°, Solar altitude driving method for automatic solar tracking mechanism. (10) In a solar radiation energy collection and transmission device that combines a reflecting mirror, a collector, a collimator lens group, an objective lens system, an eyepiece system, and an automatic solar tracking mechanism arranged on a common optical axis. In the relationship between the automatic solar tracking mechanism and the collimator lens group, the collimator lens group substrate is fixed to its vertical axis, and the collimator lens group is operated by the automatic solar tracking mechanism. and a reflecting mirror always rotate in synchronization around a vertical axis,
The collimator lens in charge of receiving and transmitting the effective light beam incident at a specific incident angle is always a specific one, and similarly, the light receiving and transmitting efficiency is maintained at a high level and constant. A method for synchronizing an automatic solar tracking mechanism and a collimator lens group in a solar radiant energy collection and transmission device, characterized by: (11) In a solar radiant energy collection and transmission device that combines a reflecting mirror, a collector, a collimator lens group, an objective lens system, an eyepiece system, and an automatic solar tracking mechanism arranged on a common optical axis. When forming an image of incident light, all principal rays of the incident light beam are incident perpendicularly to the image plane, regardless of the angle of incidence, so that the light reception and transmission efficiency is not reduced. A method for controlling the angle of incidence of principal rays of all incident light beams relative to an image plane in a solar radiation energy collection and transmission device, characterized in that the exit side of the collector is made telecentric. (12) A solar radiant energy collection and transmission device that combines a reflecting mirror, a collector, a collimator lens group, an objective lens system, an eyepiece system, and an automatic solar tracking mechanism arranged on a common optical axis. In the configuration of the collection/transmission optical system, a collector whose optical axis is fixed toward the zenith and whose exit side is telecentric;
Direct solar light that enters via the reflection mirror always enters the collector as the maximum effective oblique light beam, and various optical aberrations of the collector are corrected intensively at the maximum effective oblique light angle, and this is received and transmitted. The collimator lens uses a high-order aspherical surface to give a high degree of accuracy to the parallelism of the emitted light beam, thereby always maintaining high and constant light reception and transmission efficiency, especially for direct sunlight. Seshime, collimator・
The telescope system, which uses all the parallel light fluxes emitted from the lens group as incident light, further concentrates the collected solar radiation energy, and at the same time collects all of the components of the solar natural light in a wide wavelength range. A configuration of a collection/transmission optical system in a solar radiant energy collection/transmission device that emits wavelength light as a highly accurate parallel beam, and a method for controlling the emitted parallel beam.