JPS5834801B2 - Lighting device that doubles as a solar energy utilization device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention is based on a patent application filed in 1973 by the same inventor.
No. 86578 [Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-10151, title of invention]
The present invention relates to an illumination device that doubles as a solar energy utilization device, which is particularly effective when it uses a composite Fresnel concave or convex cylindrical lens or mirror surface as a component, and its purpose is to utilize sunlight with high efficiency.

Sunlight is used by condensing it and irradiating it onto solar cells, heat collectors, compounds, and other photoreceptors, and converting its optical energy into electrical, thermal, chemical, etc. energy. , the abovementioned lenses are particularly suitable for that purpose.

First, the invention of the above application will be explained.

FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a conventional plano-convex cylindrical Fresnel lens integrated with a plurality of lenses.

This Fresnel lens is a cylindrical lens aF10. The original shape is bF10゜cFlo,..., and a large number of Fresnel dividing planes a S 1 , b S 1 > c S 1 t...
. . . and a large number of Fresnel cylindrical surfaces aF1. It consists of bF1゜cFl, -...

There are no separate theoretical constraints on the number or arrangement of these dividing surfaces;
Can be designed freely.

In order to make the lens thinner, it is common to have a large number of dividing surfaces.

(Figure 1 is shown with fewer divisions for clarity).

ab, be, . . . are boundaries (lines) of adjacent lenses.

The lens according to the invention of the above-mentioned application, shown in cross-sectional view in FIG. 1A, is an improvement over that of FIG. 1, and includes virtual cylindrical lenses aF20 that overlap and are adjacent to each other.

bF20 , cF20 , .
1. bF22. aF22. bF22.・・・・・・・・・
・It is made up of.

As a precaution, the traveling path of the incident light (sunlight) is shown as a thin line, but the light will always flow along one of the condensing lines aD2. bD2. ...
...The light is focused above.

The Fresnelization method of the present invention is merely an applied variation of the conventional method, and there are no separate theoretical constraints on the number of sections and the arrangement of the rising position T1 of the section plane.

In FIG. 1A, the rising position T1 of FIG. 1 remains the same, and the dividing plane is replaced with an adjacent Fresnel column surface.

This lens has the following advantages:

(1) Oblique incident light is focused without scattering loss.

(2) Since the intersection angle of each cylindrical surface becomes obtuse and the height of the ridges becomes low, the lens can be made thin with a small number of sections.

(3) Short focal length and large aperture can be easily made.

In other words, manufacturing becomes easier; for example, the manufacturing method of plate glass can be used, and mass production methods such as extrusion molding can be used for plastics.

(4) Since oblique light is not scattered, when trying to fix the focusing position according to the movement of the sun, the movement following the sun is horizontal (direction perpendicular to both the optical axis and the cylindrical axis of the lens). shall be said.

), or better yet, reflect the light beam to be focused on a reflector to move the focus to another position, and then move the reflector to fix that other position, or By using both methods together, the light condensing section can be fixed.

This means that this lens can be installed along roofs, walls, and flat (sloping) ground, making it easy to track the sun, and has high practical value.

Now, the condensing part of a condenser (in the case of a spherical lens, the condensing part is dot-shaped) is constructed using this lens, a conventional Fresnel lens, or one made by tilting its Fresnel dividing surface to make it easier to manufacture.

Cylindrical lenses are generally linear.

If two lenses are stacked with their cylindrical axes perpendicular, then the point,
It becomes a line segment and a rectangular shape.

), for example, as shown in FIG. 2, when the photoreceptor 20 is placed, there is a considerable amount of scattered light that leaves the photoreceptor 20, and the present invention particularly focuses on the fact that this is suitable for illumination. .

Scattered light mainly consists of two parts.

(1) One is that the scattered light already generated by clouds, dust, etc. in the sky passes through the lens 21, which ranges from a few percent to as much as 50% (in some areas) of the total light intensity. ] The other problem is that the direct sunlight is distorted by the lens 21 and scattered at the intersection lines of the curved surface.

Although this depends on the finish of the lens and the number of partitioned surfaces, it is thought to be between a few percent and more than ten percent of the total light amount.

These scattered lights are extremely excellent for illumination.

However, when we say illumination here, in addition to illumination light,
Light used by animals and plants in their daily lives (hereinafter referred to as ``living light'').

)-.

Direct sunlight is not suitable for direct lighting.

Generally, it is too strong and the contrast between light and shadow is too large.

Scattered light falling from the wide sky from various directions produces gentler shadows and provides appropriate illuminance, making it suitable for illumination.

The same can be said about the scattered light that passes through the lens in FIG.

In addition, when looking at not only visible light (ultraviolet rays and infrared rays), direct sunlight is too strong as living light for animals and plants, including humans, and direct light is harmful to the naked human body and plant seedlings. It is.

Many types of plants, especially cultivated plants and domesticated animals, grow better when placed under scattered light rather than direct light.

Obtaining this scattered light (particularly scattered light including ultraviolet and infrared light) using an electric lamp is not only technically difficult, but also extremely disadvantageous in terms of energy economy.

For example, if you try to use solar energy to create this type of illumination, the efficiency of converting sunlight to electricity is 30%, and the efficiency of using that electricity to light a lamp and obtain illumination is at most 20%.
The overall efficiency will be less than 6%.

(Usually, it is thought to be less than 2%.) Furthermore, when taking into account that the heat generated by electric lights increases the room temperature during high temperatures in summer, and that cooling requires more electricity than electric lights, the total efficiency decreases significantly.

That is, artificial illumination via electric power is extremely uneconomical in terms of energy utilization efficiency, and there is no way to directly use the scattered light in (2) and [1] above.

For the above-mentioned reasons, the present invention removes the photoreceptor [1], (2)
The scattered light is actively used to illuminate the interior (the space on the opposite side of the photoreceptor from the lens).

In FIG. 2, the lens 21 (hereinafter, the lens will be represented by the above-mentioned compound Fresnel convex cylindrical lens) is installed with its cylindrical axis parallel to the plane of movement of the sun (for example, facing east and west), Heat collecting tubes 20 (plurality) are arranged above the light collecting lines 21D (plurality), and scattered light passes between the heat collecting tubes 200 and is supplied to the interior 25 as illumination.

[Inside] consists of the inside of a general house, inside a factory,
In greenhouses, fields, mountain slopes, beaches, ocean surfaces, deserts, playgrounds, etc., they provide high-quality lighting to people and are suitable for movement, including people.
Provide the perfect living and growing environment for plants.

As already mentioned, this scattered light is of a gentle nature due to a wide surface light source, contains moderate amounts of ultraviolet and infrared rays, and is useful as daily life light.

Even if the lens 21 is installed on a roof or wall, if the number of Fresnel partitions is increased to a certain extent, it will be difficult to see inside from the outside and identify what is inside. There is no need to install etc.

Also, when viewed from inside and outside, the lens 21 attached to the roof/wall surface
is beautiful.

However, transparent lids or translucent glass or plastics that selectively reflect, absorb, or transmit either or both of ultraviolet and infrared rays, or their surfaces may be roughened mechanically or chemically to prevent scattered light. Furthermore, placing an intermediate partition plate 22 made of a material that scatters and eliminates glare (this is also useful in creating a heat insulating space 29) between the solar energy utilization device and the interior improves the nature of the illumination. It is essential at times and places to make adjustments.

Some solar energy utilization devices have photoreceptors that transmit (partially) light.

For example, solar cells that are made thinner for economic reasons allow some light to pass through.

In addition, in so-called [photochemical cells], a compound dissolved in water (for example, a thiazine dye and a reducing agent) is irradiated with sunlight to cause a photochemical reaction (creating an oxidized product of the leuco dye and reducing agent), and the reaction occurs. A cycle is performed in which the product is separated and stored, and an electrode reaction is caused when necessary to obtain electricity and return to the original compound.The irradiated aqueous solution at this time also allows a considerable amount of light to pass through.

Furthermore, some photoreceptors exhibit high reflectance.

Even in the case of a well-made heat collector that aims to be a perfect black body, 10
It is normal to reflect more than % of the light.

(An example of this is the light 20L reflected on the surface of the heat collecting tube 200 in FIG. 2.

) These transmitted light and reflected light can also be actively used as illumination.

In FIG. 2, reference numeral 24 is a solar cell several tens of microns thick (a solar cell made of CaAs using the liquid phase growth method has been reported) placed in place of the heat collecting tube 200, and a transparent glass plate 23
placed on top.

Among the condensed lights, those that have passed through both 24 and 23 participate in illumination.

In addition, when 20 in this figure is a transparent glass tube and an irradiated aqueous solution 26 for a photochemical cell is flowing inside this tube, the light that has passed through 20 and 26 among the condensed lights is inside 25.
Participate in illuminating.

When people work using lighting, and animals and plants grow using daily light, strong lighting may be required depending on the nature of the work and the growing season.

Scattered light when it is too strong can be collected by installing a black absorbing plate 28A and converting a part of it into thermal energy and collecting it on the heat medium in the heat collecting tube 28.This can easily be done by using blinds, curtains, or automatically depending on the illuminance. This can be weakened by using glass that changes the light transmittance (for example, glass in which KCl or AgNO3 is dispersed) as the intermediate partition plate 22, but the insufficient amount of light must be replenished in some way.

Now, in the present invention, when the scattered lights (1) and (2) are used for illumination and there is still insufficient light, part or all of the condensed light is directed to illumination to replenish the light.

This light is excellent for illumination because the concentrated light rapidly disperses as it moves away from the condensing part, and in solar energy utilization devices the concentrators are usually distributed over a large area in an orderly manner. ing.

Moreover, since the light is already concentrated in a small area, it is extremely easy to incorporate light condensers.

It is sufficient to simply shift the photoreceptor slightly to the front and back (up and down) or to the left and right of the light condensing section as shown in 2OA and 20B in FIG.

Embodiment When the luns face south and the cylindrical axis faces east and west, the amount of incident light is excessive around noon and insufficient in the morning and evening.

If the condenser is placed facing east or west, for example against a wall, the incident light will be insufficient around noon.

It is easy to naturally replenish this deficiency with condensed light.

By setting the cylindrical axis of the lens to intersect with the plane of travel of the sun and placing the photoreceptor parallel to it, care should be taken so that the photoreceptor only receives the concentrated light during periods of excessive illumination.

In this way, when the illumination becomes insufficient, the four condensed beams will move laterally and come off the photoreceptor, naturally increasing their participation in the illumination.

The larger the angle of intersection between the columnar axis and the sun's travel plane, the more it increases.

Embodiment 2 Since sunlight changes from moment to moment, it is ideal to quickly replenish the amount of light from the condensed lights that participate in illumination each time there is a shortage.

In the case of the present invention, the amount of supplementary light can be freely and easily adjusted by simply moving the lens slightly laterally, so it is particularly suitable for automatic control of the amount of light.

For example, automatic control devices include: In Figure 3,
31 and 32 are transparent flat glass glasses installed in parallel with a slight gap 33, and 34 is a thin acrylic resin lens shown in Fig. 2 inserted into the gap 33, with its cylindrical axis facing east and west. There is.

It is assumed that the condensing line is fixed by a control device using the illuminometers 4L and 4R as light sensors by moving the concentrator laterally to track the sun.

33D is the fixed regular condensing line, and 33E is a photoreceptor that receives the four condensed beams in just the right amount.

In such a solar energy utilization device, by slightly moving the illuminance meter to the side as in 5L and SR, the four focused beams can be moved to the position indicated by the dotted line, and the amount of illumination can be supplemented and adjusted.

The above embodiments 1.2 can be combined to produce considerable effects.

According to the present invention, all of the direct and scattered components of sunlight can be utilized with high efficiency.

As mentioned above, the device of the present invention provides ideal illumination for a wide range of living, rearing, and growth of animals and plants including humans, and is a byproduct of solar energy utilization devices. It requires almost no cost to install or construct.

Moreover, the cost (maintenance cost) required for daily lighting is almost non-existent.

In conventional solar energy devices, scattered light is either converted into thermal or chemical energy and used, or it is wasted away into the sky, which is used for direct illumination. There was nothing to do.

The main reason for this is that conventional solar energy utilization devices have large restrictions and constraints on the structures that can be adopted due to the nature of their constituent materials, making it impossible to use them for illumination.

The invention of the present application is such that a lens such as the compound Fresnel cylindrical lens described above does not scatter oblique sunlight (minimize it) and can track the sun by moving horizontally over a short distance.・Focusing on the fact that it can be installed along a wall or ground, and when configuring a solar concentrator type solar energy utilization device, we create a wide scattered light generation surface and use it as an ideal illumination surface. This paper focuses on the fact that the lack of illumination can be supplemented by condensing light, and proposes to actively use it as illumination.

As mentioned above, this lighting device is highly effective when installed on the roofs and walls of houses, factories, and greenhouses, but it is even more effective when installed on the roofs and walls of houses, factories, and greenhouses. Therefore, it is natural that the ground, the beach/surface, and the bottom of the desert are dark or filled with obstacles, and are considered dead spaces. The device of the present invention turns these areas into open areas for excellent workability, residence, living, rearing, and cultivation.

It should be said that this invention is truly useful for industry.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional Fresnel lens. FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of a composite Fresnel cylindrical lens used in the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a solar energy utilization device according to the present invention that utilizes scattered light for illumination. FIG. 3 is a similar diagram in which the amount of illumination is adjusted by moving the lens. 21.34: Composite Fresnel cylindrical lens, 20A. 20B, 24, 20, 33E: Photoreceptor, 21D. 21DW, 33D: Condensing line, LSI, LWI: Sunlight,
25: (illuminated) interior, 22: intermediate partition plate.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A planar lens-type condenser, a light receptor placed in the condensing part of the condenser, and a space on the opposite side of the condenser for the light receptor. 1. An illumination device that also serves as a solar energy utilization device, characterized in that the light collected by a condenser leaking through the light receptor is used as illumination of the interior. 2. The light collecting part of the light collector is arranged so that the light receiving body is deflected by the movement of the sun, so that the participation of the light collecting parts in illumination is naturally adjusted. The lighting device according to item 1. 3. The illumination according to item 1, characterized in that the relative positions of the concentrator and the light receptor are controlled so as to deviate from solar tracking, thereby adjusting the contribution of the condensed light to the illumination. Device. A lens having a composite Fresnel convex column surface, which has a plurality of Fresnel convex column surfaces on the 4-plane, and in which the Fresnel dividing surfaces of two adjacent Fresnel convex column surfaces are each composed of other Fresnel column surfaces. 3. The illumination device according to item 1.2 or 3, wherein the illumination device is used as a concentrator. 5. The illumination device according to item 1.2.3 or 4, characterized in that transmitted light or reflected light from the photoreceptor participates in illumination.