JPS636995B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS636995B2 JPS636995B2 JP11894582A JP11894582A JPS636995B2 JP S636995 B2 JPS636995 B2 JP S636995B2 JP 11894582 A JP11894582 A JP 11894582A JP 11894582 A JP11894582 A JP 11894582A JP S636995 B2 JPS636995 B2 JP S636995B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- current collector
- electrode current
- positive electrode
- heating agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- QFFVPLLCYGOFPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium chromate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O QFFVPLLCYGOFPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940083898 barium chromate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910013618 LiCl—KCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/30—Deferred-action cells
- H01M6/36—Deferred-action cells containing electrolyte and made operational by physical means, e.g. thermal cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
本発明は、素電池間に加熱剤を内蔵する積層形
熱電池に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a stacked thermal battery containing a heating agent between the unit cells.
従来例の構成とその問題点
熱電池は電解質として常温では固体であるが高
温に加熱されると液体となる溶融塩、例えばLiCl
−KCl、LiBr−KBr共融塩などを用いている。
これらの電解質は330〜360℃で溶融するため、こ
れ以上の温度に加熱することにより実用的な電力
が取り出せる。このため熱電池はジルコニウム粉
末とクロム酸バリウムとの混合物等の加熱剤を内
蔵したタイプが多く生産され、ロケツト等の飛翔
体用電源、各種緊急用電源に使用され、しだいに
その需要が拡大しつつある。Structure of conventional examples and their problems Thermal batteries use molten salts as electrolytes, such as LiCl, which are solid at room temperature but become liquid when heated to high temperatures.
-KCl, LiBr-KBr eutectic salt, etc. are used.
These electrolytes melt at temperatures between 330 and 360 degrees Celsius, so heating them above this temperature can generate practical power. For this reason, many types of thermal batteries with a built-in heating agent such as a mixture of zirconium powder and barium chromate are produced, and they are used as power sources for flying objects such as rockets and various emergency power sources, and the demand for them gradually increases. It's coming.
熱電池の特徴は、前記の電解質が無水状態で用
いられ常温にて固定であるため、保存中の自己放
電が実用的にほとんどなく、５年以上もの長期保
存に耐えること、−50℃〜＋70℃といつた広い温
度範囲で使用可能であること、さらに内部抵抗が
水溶液系の電解質に比べ、その約1/10以下である
ため高率放電、例えば200〜600ｍＡ／cm2が可能で
あることなど他の電池にない数多くの特徴を有し
ている。 Thermal batteries are characterized by the fact that the electrolyte is used in an anhydrous state and is fixed at room temperature, so there is practically no self-discharge during storage, and it can withstand long-term storage of more than 5 years, and can be stored at -50°C to +70°C. It can be used in a wide temperature range such as ℃, and the internal resistance is about 1/10 or less compared to aqueous electrolytes, so high rate discharge, for example 200 to 600 mA/cm 2 is possible. It has many features not found in other batteries.
しかしこのような熱電池にも残された２〜３の
欠点があり、その解決が望まれていた。 However, such thermal batteries still have a few drawbacks, and solutions to these problems have been desired.
すなわち１つは製造工数の低減に関するもの
で、従来は素電池構成部品がバラバラであつたた
め、積層群を製造するのが非常に煩雑であつた。 One is related to the reduction of manufacturing man-hours; conventionally, the component parts of the unit cell were separated, making it very complicated to manufacture the stacked group.
その２は耐環境性の改良である。例えば飛翔体
に搭載する場合に生ずる衝撃加速度300G、振動
レベル10Gr・ｍ・ｓという条件下では従来の熱
電池も何ら問題を生じないが、衝撃加速度が
20000Gでかつ10000r・ｐ・ｍ以上の旋回がかか
る場合には構造上問題を生じてくることである。 The second is improvement in environmental resistance. For example, under the conditions of impact acceleration of 300G and vibration level of 10Gr・m・s when mounted on a flying object, conventional thermal batteries do not cause any problems, but the impact acceleration
If the turning speed is 20,000 G and more than 10,000 r/p/m, structural problems will occur.
従来の代表的な構成を第３図〜第５図に示す。
第３図はメガネ状の正・負両集電体をコ字状に折
曲げて、正極集電体４と負極集電体１との間に加
熱剤１５を矢印の方向から挿入したもので、負極
集電体の片面には負極活物質２が接合されてい
る。これをａと呼び、ａの次に正極活物質層と電
解質層からなるDEB層３を配し、次にまたａを
配するという順に積層体を構成していくものであ
る。なお１９は火道孔を示す。 Typical conventional configurations are shown in FIGS. 3 to 5.
In Figure 3, glasses-shaped positive and negative current collectors are bent into a U-shape, and a heating agent 15 is inserted between the positive electrode current collector 4 and the negative electrode current collector 1 from the direction of the arrow. A negative electrode active material 2 is bonded to one side of the negative electrode current collector. This is called a, and a DEB layer 3 consisting of a positive electrode active material layer and an electrolyte layer is placed next to a, and then a is placed again, and the laminate is constructed in this order. Note that 19 indicates the vent.
また第４図は正極集電体４がケース状となり、
この中に加熱剤１５と負極集電体１に接合した負
極活物質２を入れ、かしめ部２０で１体にかしめ
加工したものでこれをｂと呼ぶ。電池構成は図の
様にｂとDEB層３が交互に積層されていく。 In addition, in FIG. 4, the positive electrode current collector 4 has a case shape,
The heating agent 15 and the negative electrode active material 2 bonded to the negative electrode current collector 1 are placed in this and caulked into one body at the caulking portion 20, which is referred to as b. As shown in the figure, the battery structure consists of layers b and DEB 3 stacked alternately.
第５図は素電池中央に負極活物質２を配置した
カツプ形と呼ばれる素電池の積層図で、正極集電
体４は素電池の両面にあり、DEB層３は正極集
電体４に接して両面に構成され、負極活物質２の
両面を反応面とする素電池を２並列とした様な構
造を有するもので、負極リード１′は開口部１７
から取出され、次の素電池の正極集電体４′に溶
接等により接続される。 Figure 5 is a stacking diagram of a so-called cup-shaped unit cell in which the negative electrode active material 2 is placed in the center of the unit cell, the positive electrode current collector 4 is on both sides of the unit cell, and the DEB layer 3 is in contact with the positive electrode current collector 4. It has a structure similar to that of two unit cells arranged in parallel with both sides of the negative electrode active material 2 serving as reaction surfaces, and the negative electrode lead 1' has an opening 17.
It is taken out from the battery and connected to the positive electrode current collector 4' of the next unit cell by welding or the like.
以上のごとく従来の素電池の構成及び素電池間
の接続方法については、それぞれ一長一短を有し
ていた。 As described above, the conventional unit cell configurations and the connection methods between unit cells each have advantages and disadvantages.
発明の目的
本発明は、素電池を一体構成とすることで、そ
の製造を容易にすると共に、衝撃、振動、旋回な
どの耐環境特性の向上を目的とするものである。OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION The present invention aims to facilitate the manufacture of unit cells by integrally constructing them, and to improve environmental resistance against shock, vibration, rotation, etc.
発明の構成
本発明は、円筒状突起部を有する負極集電体と
この負極集電体に電気的に接合した負極活物質か
らなる負極体と、正極活物質と電解質と無機バイ
ンダーとからなるDEB層と、ケース状正極集電
体およびび耐熱絶縁材とから構成され火道孔を設
けた素電池を備え、この素電池は負極集電体周縁
に前記耐熱絶縁材を介してケース状正極集電体の
開口縁をかしめつけて発電要素が外装されている
とともに、負極集電体の円筒状突起部内に加熱剤
を配して任意の個数積層したものであり、素電池
積層群の構成を簡素化できるとともに、素電池間
の接続も積層により自動的に達したものである。Structure of the Invention The present invention provides a negative electrode body comprising a negative electrode current collector having a cylindrical protrusion, a negative electrode active material electrically bonded to the negative electrode current collector, and a DEB comprising a positive electrode active material, an electrolyte, and an inorganic binder. The unit cell includes a case-like positive electrode current collector, a heat-resistant insulating material, and a case-like positive electrode current collector, and has a vent hole. The opening edge of the electric body is caulked to cover the power generating element, and a heating agent is placed inside the cylindrical protrusion of the negative electrode current collector, and an arbitrary number of pieces are stacked. Not only can this be simplified, but connections between unit cells can also be automatically achieved through stacking.
実施例の説明
以下本発明の詳細は実施例により説明する。第
１図は本発明における素電池の断面図を示す。DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLES The details of the present invention will be explained below with reference to Examples. FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a unit cell according to the present invention.
図中１は負極リードとして作用する円筒状突起
部１６を設けた負極集電体であり、Ni、Fe又は
それらのメツキ加工品からできている。２はCa、
Mg等の負極活物質で、前記負極集電体１と電気
的に接合状態にある。３はDEB層で、正極活物
質であるCaCrO4と電解質であるLiCl−KClと無
機バインダーであるSiO2を主成分とする加圧成
形層である。４は正極集電体で、ケース状をした
Ni、Fe等から構成され、その中に前述のDEB層
を挿入後、その上から耐熱絶縁材からなる内部保
護リング５、外部保護リング６および絶縁リング
７を装着した負極活物質２付きの負極集電体１を
入れ、かしめ部２０で一体にかしめる。内部保護
リング５、外部保護リング６はアスベスト材を用
い、絶縁リング７にはマイカ材を使用した。１８
は内筒状突起部１６の内側に形成される加熱剤１
５配置用のスペースであり、１９は火道孔であ
る。 In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a negative electrode current collector provided with a cylindrical protrusion 16 that functions as a negative electrode lead, and is made of Ni, Fe, or a plated product thereof. 2 is Ca,
It is electrically connected to the negative electrode current collector 1 using a negative electrode active material such as Mg. 3 is a DEB layer, which is a pressure-molded layer whose main components are CaCrO 4 as a positive electrode active material, LiCl-KCl as an electrolyte, and SiO 2 as an inorganic binder. 4 is the positive electrode current collector, which has a case shape.
A negative electrode with a negative electrode active material 2 made of Ni, Fe, etc., into which the above-mentioned DEB layer is inserted, and then an internal protective ring 5, an external protective ring 6, and an insulating ring 7 made of heat-resistant insulating material are attached thereto. Insert the current collector 1 and caulk it together with the caulking part 20. The inner protection ring 5 and the outer protection ring 6 were made of asbestos material, and the insulating ring 7 was made of mica material. 18
is the heating agent 1 formed inside the inner cylindrical protrusion 16
5 is a space for placement, and 19 is a vent hole.
この様に構成された素電池は第３図、第４図の
素電池と異なり、次の様な特徴を有する。 The unit cell constructed in this manner differs from the unit cells shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 and has the following characteristics.
(1) 加熱剤を含め素電池が１個に構成されるの
で、取扱いが簡単となる。特に素電池だけを予
め製作し、ストツクしておけるので積層群化に
極めて便利である。(1) Since the unit cell including the heating agent is composed of one unit, it is easy to handle. In particular, since only the unit cells can be manufactured in advance and stored, it is extremely convenient for stacking and grouping.
(2) 負極活物質２−DEB層３−正極集電体４間
の接触が改良され、素電池特性が安定する。(2) The contact between the negative electrode active material 2, the DEB layer 3, and the positive electrode current collector 4 is improved, and the cell characteristics are stabilized.
(3) 正極集電体４の側部は開放になつていないの
で、DEB層３が露出していないことにより、
高速旋回を加えてもDEB層３中の電解質の移
動による素電池系外への漏液がなく、液路現象
の抑制が可能となつた。(3) Since the sides of the positive electrode current collector 4 are not open, the DEB layer 3 is not exposed.
Even when high-speed rotation is applied, there is no leakage outside the cell system due to the movement of electrolyte in the DEB layer 3, making it possible to suppress liquid path phenomena.
(4) 負極集電体１の内筒状突起部１６に囲まれた
加熱剤１５の配置スペース１８を有しているの
で、加熱剤１５は外部に露出しなく安全であ
る。(4) Since there is a space 18 for placing the heating agent 15 surrounded by the inner cylindrical protrusion 16 of the negative electrode current collector 1, the heating agent 15 is safe because it is not exposed to the outside.
などが挙げられる。Examples include.
第２図は本発明における積層形熱電池の全体構
成図である。図中８と１１は一対の出力端子で、
８は正極端子を示し、１１は負極端子を示してい
る。１０は一対の点火用端子９に導通された電気
式点火器で、点火用端子９からパルス電流を通じ
ると火炎を発し、火道孔１９を通つて各層の加熱
剤１５に着火して電池全体を活性化させる。な
お、加熱剤１５は金属粉末と酸化剤粉末との混合
物を主成分とし、例えばジルコニウムとクロム酸
バリウムを用いる。１２は耐熱性で保温効果の大
きい無機断熱層、１３は電池外装体でケース２１
と蓋２２とからなり完全密閉されている。１４は
本発明の素電池である。 FIG. 2 is an overall configuration diagram of the laminated thermal battery according to the present invention. In the figure, 8 and 11 are a pair of output terminals,
8 indicates a positive terminal, and 11 indicates a negative terminal. Reference numeral 10 denotes an electric igniter connected to a pair of ignition terminals 9, which emits a flame when a pulse current is passed through the ignition terminals 9, ignites the heating agent 15 in each layer through the vent hole 19, and ignites the entire battery. Activate. The heating agent 15 is mainly composed of a mixture of metal powder and oxidizing agent powder, and uses zirconium and barium chromate, for example. 12 is an inorganic heat insulating layer that is heat resistant and has a large heat retention effect, 13 is the battery exterior body, and case 21
and a lid 22, and is completely sealed. 14 is a unit cell of the present invention.
上記において、加熱剤１５は素電池１４の負極
集電体に設けた内筒状加熱配置スペース１８に納
められ、素電池と次の素電池とは円筒状突起１６
と正極ケース４との間で電気的に連絡されてい
き、所望する電圧に相当する素電池数だけ組立て
ていく。この場合、加熱剤１５を配置した素電池
１４を必要数だけ積上げていつて、後から積層体
に適当な圧力（例えば50Kg）を加えれば直列に素
電池１４は連結されていく。 In the above, the heating agent 15 is stored in the inner cylindrical heating arrangement space 18 provided in the negative electrode current collector of the unit cell 14, and the unit cell and the next unit cell are separated from each other by the cylindrical protrusion 16.
and the positive electrode case 4, and the number of unit cells corresponding to the desired voltage is assembled. In this case, by stacking the required number of unit cells 14 with the heating agent 15 arranged thereon and applying an appropriate pressure (for example, 50 kg) to the stack later, the unit cells 14 can be connected in series.
発明の効果
この様に本発明の積層形熱電池は構成がきわめ
て簡単容易で、従来例のごとく複雑な構成が不要
となつたこと、10000r・ｐ・ｍの旋回が加つても
放電の劣化が少なくなつたこと、強固に素電池が
構成されているので耐衝撃、耐振動性に優れるよ
うになつたことなどの特徴が生れ、その結果、価
格の低減、新規分野への展開などを可能とするも
のである。Effects of the Invention As described above, the structure of the laminated thermal battery of the present invention is extremely simple and easy, there is no need for a complicated structure like in the conventional example, and there is no deterioration in discharge even when swirling at 10,000 r/p/m is applied. As a result, it has become possible to reduce the price and expand into new fields. It is something to do.
第１図は本発明の実施例における素電池の構成
を示す断面図、第２図は同素電池を用いて構成し
た積層形熱電池の断面図、第３図、第４図は従来
の素電池構造を示す断面図、第５図は従来の積層
形素電池の構造を示す断面図である。
１……負極集電体、２……負極活物質、３……
DEB層、４……正極集電体、５……保護リング、
１５……加熱剤、１６……円筒状突起部、１８…
…加熱剤配置用スペース、１９……火道孔、２０
……かしめ部。
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a unit cell in an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a laminated thermal battery constructed using homogeneous cells, and FIGS. 3 and 4 are conventional cell batteries. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a conventional stacked unit cell. 1... Negative electrode current collector, 2... Negative electrode active material, 3...
DEB layer, 4... Positive electrode current collector, 5... Protective ring,
15... Heating agent, 16... Cylindrical protrusion, 18...
...Heating agent placement space, 19...Fire vent, 20
...Caulking part.
Claims (1)
起部１６を有した負極集電体１と前記負極集電体
１の円筒状突起部１６の突出していない面に負極
活物質２を電気的に接合した負極体と、正極活物
質と電解質と無機バインダーとからなるDEB層
３と、ケース状正極集電体４および耐熱絶縁材と
から構成され、中央部に貫通状態で火道孔１９を
設けた素電池を備え、前記素電池はケース状正極
集電体４内にDEB層３を配し、このDEB層３の
上に負極体の負極活物質２が接して置かれ負極集
電体１の周縁に絶縁リング７と外部保護リング６
を介してケース状正極集電体４の開口縁をかしめ
つけて一体に構成されているとともに、前記加熱
剤配置スペース１８内に加熱剤１５を配して任意
個数積層されている積層形熱電池。1. A negative electrode current collector 1 having a cylindrical protrusion 16 forming a heating agent arrangement space 18 and a negative electrode active material 2 are electrically bonded to the non-protruding surface of the cylindrical protrusion 16 of the negative electrode current collector 1. It consists of a negative electrode body, a DEB layer 3 made of a positive electrode active material, an electrolyte, and an inorganic binder, a case-like positive electrode current collector 4, and a heat-resistant insulating material, and a conduit hole 19 is provided in the central part in a penetrating state. The unit cell includes a DEB layer 3 in a case-like positive electrode current collector 4, and a negative electrode active material 2 of the negative electrode body is placed on top of the DEB layer 3 in contact with the negative electrode current collector 1. Insulating ring 7 and external protection ring 6 on the periphery
A laminated thermal battery is constructed in which the opening edge of the case-like positive electrode current collector 4 is caulked to form an integral structure, and a heating agent 15 is arranged in the heating agent arrangement space 18, and an arbitrary number of the cells are stacked. .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11894582A JPS599866A (en) | 1982-07-07 | 1982-07-07 | Lamination layer type thermal cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11894582A JPS599866A (en) | 1982-07-07 | 1982-07-07 | Lamination layer type thermal cell |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS599866A JPS599866A (en) | 1984-01-19 |
| JPS636995B2 true JPS636995B2 (en) | 1988-02-15 |
Family
ID=14749128
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11894582A Granted JPS599866A (en) | 1982-07-07 | 1982-07-07 | Lamination layer type thermal cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS599866A (en) |
-
1982
- 1982-07-07 JP JP11894582A patent/JPS599866A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS599866A (en) | 1984-01-19 |
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