JPS6365796B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention relates to the invention of a boring machine that allows easy and accurate boring to reach a sufficient depth using a relatively low-position operating mechanism, and enables efficient construction that is responsive to each boring situation. It was designed to make it possible to obtain the following.

With the recent development and spread of civil engineering, many improvements have been made to boring machines.However, as the depth of drilling increases in conventional boring machines, boring machines with correspondingly large masts have been developed. Naturally, it is necessary to increase the output of the drive mechanism for drilling, since the long drilling rod uses its own weight to drill holes and drive the drilling rod in rotation. However, in actual drilling, the required output varies depending on the soil quality at the construction site, and the required output also changes depending on the drilling depth, so the output of the drive mechanism described above is It is necessary to design the machine based on the assumption that the soil resistance is at its maximum and the drilling depth is at its maximum, which inevitably leads to a large and expensive machine.

It should be noted that the purpose of boring construction as described above cannot usually be achieved by simply drilling a hole.
Inserting piles into the formed holes and charging reinforcing bars, concrete, etc. for further construction is essential for foundation work, but conventional boring machines are only used for drilling holes. Generally speaking, after drilling a hole as described above, it is necessary to bring in another crane or other equipment to perform the subsequent construction work during the drilling process, and in this way, it is necessary to carry in another crane or other equipment for construction. Not only does this require a huge amount of required machinery costs, but also the need to completely move the boring machine after drilling and bring in another machine, and to remove the cuts made by the boring machine. Since the subsequent construction must be carried out after accurately aligning the holes with respect to the holes, there are disadvantages such as considerable complexity and waste of time required in the work process.

The present invention has been devised after repeated studies in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and to explain its specific embodiments as shown in the attached drawings, first, the general structural relationship of the boring machine according to the present invention will be explained. consists of a main body part A, a mast part B, a rotary head part C and a kelly rod part D,
Further, a swinging portion E is appropriately employed in these. That is, the main body part A is provided with an upper pedestal 23 on the crawler 1 of the backhoe type via the rotation mechanism part 2, and the upper pedestal 23
A drive mechanism section 24 and a driver's cab 25 are provided in the , and the main arm 6 is attached to a pivot portion 6a on the side of the driver's cab 25.
This main arm 6 and upper frame 2
A cylinder body 4 is provided between the body 3 and the body 3. The mast section B is mainly composed of a mast 3 whose base end is attached to the front of the crawler 1.
A connecting link 61 is interposed between the pivot seat 60 provided below the middle of the mast 3 and the main arm 6, and the middle part of the mast 3 and the main arm 6 each have a hoisting mechanism such as a winch. Mechanisms 7a and 7b are attached, and a hydraulic cylinder 33 for lifting and lowering the rotary head C downward from the upper end of the mast 3 is provided, and an arm 30 bent forward at the upper end of the mast 3 is provided. and the arm portion 30
A pulley 31 is disposed at the pulley 31, and the wires drawn out from the hoisting mechanisms 7a and 7b are connected to the kelly rod 7 and the like via the pulley 31. The rotary head portion C consists of a triangular bracket 34 and a rotary head 8 attached to the apex side of the bracket 34, and the bottom side of the bracket 34 engages with the mast 3 to guide its lifting and lowering operations. Moreover, its upper end is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 33. The kelly rod 7 to which the rotary head 8 is mounted forms the main body of the kelly rod portion D described above, and is provided at its upper end with a hanging portion 73 for the wire from the hoisting mechanism 7a. The wire from the other hoisting mechanism 7b assists the work by the Kelly rod 7 by appropriately suspending the pile members and other members and equipment necessary for construction.

In the structure described above, the structural relationship regarding the Kelly rod 7 is a main feature of the present invention, that is, the Kelly rod 7 has an axis of the Kelly rod 7 at a symmetrical position on its outer peripheral surface as shown in FIG. A drive rail 71 is protruded over almost the entire length in the direction, and the drive rail 71 has a width approximately equal to the rail width over a length range slightly larger than the height of the rotary head 8 as shown in FIG. Lock pocket 7 with half width
2 are arranged at appropriate intervals. As shown in FIG. 3, this Kelly rod 7 is made up of a plurality of hollow rod bodies 7', 7'', 7 having different diameters, and these rod bodies 7', 7'', 7
has a hollow shape and is inserted in a telescopic shape, and the base end of the rod body 7 with the smallest diameter is equipped with a swivel 73 (for example, an intermediate body with a bearing installed between the upper and lower bodies) for untwisting the wire. The wire from the hoisting mechanism 7a as described above is connected via a wire (with a lower body interposed therebetween and the upper and lower bodies are mutually rotatable), and an excavating tool 79 is attached to the tip thereof. 3, and can be condensed as shown in Figure 3a, or expanded as shown in Figure 3b. Furthermore, each rod member 7' as described above,
A groove 74 is vertically provided on the inner surface of the rod body 7', 7'' which should be located on the outside in order to engage the rods 7'' and 7 with each other for driving, as shown in FIG. 4b. A drive rail 71a is provided protruding from the outer surface of the belt rod body 7'', 7, and is provided with a lock pocket 72 similar to the drive rail 71.As shown in FIG. A ring portion 75 having an inner diameter approximately equal to the outer diameter of the inner rod body fitted therein is attached to the lower end of the rod body 7', 7'' which should be located on the outside. The rod body 7″ should be located at
A ring portion 76 having an outer diameter approximately equal to the inner diameter of the outer rod body to be fitted therein is formed on the outside of the upper end portion of the rod body 7.
When the rods 7'' and 7 are fully extended, these ring portions 75 and 76 engage to prevent the inserted inner rod portion body 7 or 7'' from slipping out. A ring part 77 having an outer diameter larger than the inner diameter of the rod part 7' is attached to the lower end of the rod part 7 which should be located at the lowest end in this extended state, and the rod part 7'' and 7' are in the condensed position. stipulates.

The details of the structure regarding the rotary head 8 are as shown in FIG.
A plurality of hydraulic motors 80 are installed vertically oppositely on one side of the
A motor shaft 89 of these hydraulic motors 80, 80 engages with an engagement gear 81 of a rotating shaft 82 provided parallel to the motor shaft 89, and an intermediate gear 83 is connected to a small gear portion 82b of the rotating shaft 82. A large gear 84 attached to a hollow output shaft 85 is engaged with the intermediate gear 83 to transmit rotational force to the output shaft 85. Kelly rod sliding parts 86, 86 are respectively attached to the upper and lower parts of 85, and the Kelly rod sliding parts 86 and the hollow output shaft 85 are inserted therethrough to provide the Kelly rod 7 as described above. In addition, the above-mentioned Kelly rod sliding section 86 is provided with a drive rail 7 as described above of the Kelly rod 7, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 representatively for the lower Kelly rod sliding section 86.
A plurality of sets of engagement grooves 86a that engage with the drive rails 71, 71 are vertically arranged, and one of the opposing sets of engagement grooves 86a is selected and engaged with the drive rails 71, 71. That is, it is clear that by engaging the drive rail 71 with the engagement groove 86a, the rotational torque due to the clockwise rotation of the output shaft 85 is transmitted to the Kelly rod 7, and the Kelly rod 7 is driven by the clockwise rotation of the output shaft 85. The rail 71 is in the engagement groove 86a
It is clear that it is possible to slide in the axial direction as appropriate by being guided in engagement with the rotary head, but it is also possible to move either or both of the Kelly rod 7 or the rotary head 8 (its output shaft 85) assembled in this way. By sliding in the axial direction, the engaging groove 86a of each sliding portion 86 automatically engages with the lock pocket 72 described above, and the axial sliding is locked. In the locked state with the rotary head 8, the axial pushing force from the above-mentioned hydraulic cylinder 33 can be transmitted through the rotary head 8, so that the excavating tool 100 attached to the lower end of the kelly rod 7 is An excavating force that is a combination of gravity and the pushing force by the hydraulic cylinder 33 can be applied. In the locked state, the engagement with the lock pocket 72 can be easily released by slightly rotating the output shaft 85 in the opposite direction.
Again the Kelly rod 7 can slide independently of the hydraulic cylinder 33. In addition, a casing pipe 101 is attached to the Kelly rod 7 along with a drilling tool 100.
is attached and the hole is similarly pushed in using the pushing force of the hydraulic cylinder 33 and the rotational force of the rotary head 8, and in this case, the inside of the casing pipe 101 is excavated by the drilling tool 100.

The above-mentioned swing part E is attached to the front of the crawler 1 and holds the casing pipe 101 as described above, and is used for powerful swing pushing or When the casing pipe 101 is pulled out, by applying rocking, the frictional resistance on the circumferential surface of the casing pipe 101 is reduced, making it easier to push in or pull out the casing pipe 101 as described above.

In the rotary head 8, it is a matter of course that the interlocking system using spur gears and the bearings described above require lubrication, and a shaft hole 82a is formed in the rotating shaft 82 as a forced lubrication mechanism for this purpose. A spiral shaft 87 is inserted into the shaft hole 82a, and the lower end of the spiral shaft 87 is located in an oil reservoir 88 formed at the lower end of the rotating shaft 82. The lubricating oil in the oil reservoir 88 is sent upward through the spiral shaft 87, that is, it acts as a screw type pump to forcibly transfer the lubricating oil to supply oil to each part.

Regarding the drive using the plurality of hydraulic motors 80, 80 as described above, one characteristic operating relationship according to the present invention is formed, that is, a piping system as shown in FIG. 10 is adopted for this relationship. There is. In other words, for those hydraulic motors 80, 80, switching parts 181 and 182 are connected to the hydraulic power source 180.
A distributing valve 183 having a distributing valve 183 is provided, and by switching the valve 183, the hydraulic motors 80, 80 are switched in series or in parallel.
In the illustrated state where the hydraulic oil is located between tank 186
Return to On the other hand, when the other switching section 181 is located in the pipe lines 184 and 185, the pressure oil flowing from the one motor 80 through the pipe line 184 is returned to the tank 186 via the pipe line 187. Pressure oil from line 188 returns to tank 186 via line 185 after driving the other motor 80 . That is, when the switching section 181 is switched to the switching section 181, the hydraulic motors 80, 80 are driven in parallel, and as shown in the figure, the switching section 182 is switched to the pipe line 18.
When switched to 4,185 parts, each motor is driven in series, and in the case of parallel drive, the torque is doubled, and in the case of series drive, the rotation speed is doubled. . In other words, the drive force to the Kelly rod 7 via the output shaft 85 in the rotary head 8 is based on either torque or speed in response to the work conditions such as the soil layer to be constructed and the depth of the excavation work. It is designed to be switched as an object.

A rotary cylinder 17 is connected to a portion of the Kelly rod sliding portion 86 at the lower part of the rotary head 8 via a Cardan joint 172. That is, regarding this Cardan universal joint 172, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, a rubber-like buffer member 170 is disposed on the collar 171.
Such a buffer body 170 absorbs stress or impact caused by mistakes in mechanical operation, hole bending during drilling, opening/closing of the bottom cover of the bucket 12, winding up of the Kelly rod 7, etc. The above-mentioned casing pipe 101 is connected to the engaging portion 173 formed at the lower end of the rotary tube 17 by its engaging protrusion 101a.
They are engaged in the relationship shown in Figure 1, and the bolt holes 17
4 and 101b by inserting bolts to easily connect them, and effectively transmit the rotational force, pushing force, and pulling force of the rotary head 8.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 12, the cylinder body 4 provided on the proximal end side of the mast 3 slidably engages the cylinder bodies 43 and 44. The base end is pivotally connected to the main arm 6 by a pin 45, and the other cylindrical body 44 has two cylindrical bodies 43, 4 on the end side.
Install the horizontal cylinder 41 in the direction crossing 4,
A rod 46 having a piston 47 in the middle is inserted into the horizontal cylinder 41 to form a double-barrel type, and both ends of the rod 46 are pivotally connected to both sides of the mast 3, respectively. Further, a vertical cylinder 42 is provided at the axes of the cylindrical bodies 43 and 44, and a piston rod 48 of the vertical cylinder 42 is fixed at a position corresponding to the intermediate portion of the horizontal cylinder 41 as described above.

That is, to explain the operation of the cylinder body 4, by applying hydraulic pressure to one side of the piston 47 in the horizontal cylinder 41, the mast 3 is moved in the direction of the other side according to the sliding amount of the piston 47. Conversely, by applying hydraulic pressure to the other side of the piston 47, the mast 3 is moved in one direction. In addition, the vertical cylinder 42 has oil filling holes 49 and 49a formed at its upper and lower ends, respectively, and by injecting pressure oil into the oil filling hole 49, the mast 3 tilts backward, and conversely, the oil filling hole 49
By supplying pressure oil to a, the mast 3 is tilted forward. In other words, as described above, the mast 3 can be tilted appropriately in the left-right direction and the front-back direction, allowing a wide range of work for hoisting and unwinding with the winch, and for example, without removing the rotary head 8. can be inserted or lifted into the hole without using any other working crane or the like.

The main arm cylinder 63 mentioned above bears a large load to hold the mast 3, and in order to ensure that the mast 3 operates properly once assembled, it is separated by a collar 36 divided into two parts as shown in FIG. The piston rod 64 is fixed in the axial direction of the clamping cylinder 63 from both sides thereof while protruding to a predetermined length. That is, the piston rod 64, clamped and fixed by the collars 36, 36, is connected to each hoisting mechanism 7 with respect to the mast 3.
It is stable even under conditions where a large load is applied by a and 7b, and prevents overturning and breakage even when the load exceeds the limit load.

Regarding the above-mentioned swinging part E, it is preferable to specifically adopt a configuration as shown in FIGS. 14 to 16. That is, the mounting portion 1 protrudes toward the crawler 1.
A pivot seat 130 is attached to 31, 131, and a base body 138 projects from the pivot seat 130 toward the front lower part. As shown in FIG. 14, mounting portions 142, 142 are provided oppositely in front of both sides of the base body 138. A chuck member 137 pivotally connected to the tip of the rod of the swing cylinders 134, 134 is supported, respectively, and a chuck cylinder 136 is provided between the tips of the chuck members 137, 137 as shown in FIG. There is. The above-mentioned swing cylinder 134 is connected to the rotating shaft 1 in the shaft support 130.
33, and a center rod 143 is attached at the pivot point to face the base body 138 and tilt upward as shown in FIG. A retaining ring 144 is attached to the distal end of the casing pipe 143 with a supporting part 145 so as to be positioned at a predetermined height, and rotatably retains the upper part of the casing pipe 101. A push/pull cylinder 135 is provided between the above-mentioned mounting portion 142 and the chuck body 137.
A pair of insertion bars 132 are provided oppositely on both sides of the middle part of the base body 138. As shown in FIG. 17, the insertion bar 132 is pulled out and engaged with the chassis lateral groove 146 of the crawler 1, thereby allowing the weight of the entire machine to receive the reaction force at the time of pushing in as described above. Incidentally, the rotational reaction force accompanying the swinging operation is caused by the rod-shaped mounting portion 131 being inserted into the engagement holes 147, 147 as shown in FIG. 17 in the chassis 1a of the crawler 1.
By being inserted into the machine, it is also supported by the weight of the entire machine. A spherical joint or the like is used at the connecting portion between the swing cylinder 134 and the chuck body 137, so that the two bodies 134, 137 can freely take any direction relative to each other. Furthermore, a switching member 139 is attached inside the swing cylinder 134 as shown in FIG.
The intermediate portion of the switching member 139, whose base end is pivotally attached to the distal end of the cylinder rod, is slidably held by a locking portion 140 attached to the swing cylinder 134, and As shown separately in an enlarged view in FIG. 16, an engaging portion 141 is provided on the distal end side. In other words, the operating relationship regarding the switching member 139 portion is to mechanically switch the operating range of the hydraulic swing cylinder 134, and such switching may be electrical, but the illustrated mechanical An example of switching is as follows.

It is clear that the swinging cylinders 134, 134, which are disposed opposite to each other on both sides as shown in FIG. 15, give a swinging motion to the casing pipe 101 when one of them is in a pushing stroke and the other is in a pulling stroke. Piping is provided for each cylinder 134, 134 so that such an operating relationship can be obtained, and each cylinder is provided with a switching member 139, so that when the cylinder 134 is moved in and out, the locking portion 1 is
By connecting the engaging portion 141 to the cylinder 40, the relationship of supplying pressure oil to each cylinder 134 is switched, and the pushing stroke becomes the pulling stroke, and the pulling stroke changes to the pushing stroke. In this way, both cylinders 134, 134 alternately repeat opposite working strokes. As a result, the chuck body 137, 137, the cylinder 134, 134, and the base body 138 make a rocking motion.
If the pivot points 148, 148, and 149 are in the neutral position as shown in FIG.
An isosceles triangle is formed between 8, 148 and 149, and the pivot point 149 is connected to the center of the casing pipe 101 held by the chuck parts 137, 137.
The straight line connecting them is perpendicular to the straight line connecting the pivot points 148, 148, and in this case, each switching member 139 provided on each cylinder 134, 134
The distance between the locking portion 140 and the engaging portion 141 is equal. Moreover, the operating interval (stroke) of pushing and pulling of each cylinder 134, 134 is the same as that of the locking part 140 and the engaging part 14 in this state.
It will be regulated by the distance from 1. By the way, as shown in Fig. 14, each cylinder 134, 13
Each cylinder 13 from the one where 4 is horizontal
4,134 is in an upwardly inclined state, it is clear that the distance between the pivot points 148 and 149 becomes longer in accordance with the inclination angle than in the state shown in FIG. In this case, the distance between the locking part 140 and the engaging part 141 is shortened by an amount corresponding to the distance between the pivot points 148 and 149, which have become longer as described above. Then, the push/pull strokes are switched.

The outline of the operation of the device according to the present invention as described above is shown step by step in FIG. 6. When drilling a hole, first, as shown in FIG. The rod parts 7' to 7 are suspended by wires.
is in a fully condensed state. Thus, it is clear that a relatively short or short mast allows the Kelly rod, which can be increased in length as appropriate, to rotate and drill holes. 6th
FIG. b shows the drilling start state, in which the rotary head 8 is operated to rotate clockwise, for example, the rotary head 8 and the rod body 7 are locked, and the rod body is moved by feeding out the wire from the hoisting mechanism 7a. 7' descends downward, touches the ground, and starts drilling work. FIG. 6c shows a state in the middle of drilling, and by appropriately extending the hydraulic cylinder 33, a downward driving force can be applied to the drilling tool 100 via the bracket 34 to advance the drilling. . Incidentally, when drilling this hole, if necessary, the casing pipe 101 can also be used to drill the hole, and the soil removed from the hole thus formed is as shown in d of Fig. 6. Then, while rotating the rotary head 8 in the opposite direction (for example, counterclockwise rotation), the engagement lock between each rod portion 7' to 7 and the rotary head 8 is released, and the wire is wound up by the winding mechanism 7a. and the rod body 7 are housed within the outer rod body, and the hydraulic cylinder 3
3, the excavating tool 100 is pulled out to the ground together with the excavated earth and sand, and the earth is discharged. When the depth of excavation increases in this way, as shown in Fig. 6e, the engagement between the rotary head 8, the outer rod body 7', and each rod body 7'', 7 in the rotational state in the drilling direction. Since the stop lock can be released as appropriate and locked in each length state, drilling can be smoothly carried out up to the longest state in which the entire rod body is extended.

According to the present invention as described above, a mast section is provided in the machine body, and a kelly rod is provided which is operated up and down by a hoisting mechanism, and an excavating tool is attached to the kelly rod and is guided by the mast section. A rotary head that is operated up and down by a drill is provided, and the rotational force for drilling is transmitted to the kelly rod and the drilling tool by the rotary head, and a drive rail is vertically installed on the outer surface of the kelly rod. At the same time, since the rotary head is formed with a groove that fits with the drive rail, the drive rail is vertically provided on the outer surface of the Kelly rod body, and the groove that fits with the drive rail is formed on the rotary head. Since multiple lock pockets are arranged on the drive rail, the rotary head can be locked at a position close to the ground surface to be drilled, and the rotation and pushing for drilling can be performed accurately, allowing efficient drilling work. It is possible to realize this, and its operation is extremely easy due to the arrangement of the lock pocket as described above.Furthermore, since the operation is always close to the ground surface where construction is to be performed, the operating mechanism is also low-profile. This invention has the following effects and has great industrial effects in all respects.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention,
Fig. 1 is a side view showing the general structural relationship of the boring machine according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a partial side view and plan view of the Kelly rod, and Fig. 3 is its telescopically assembled structure. A cross-sectional explanatory diagram showing the expansion and contraction operation relationship of the Kelly rod,
Fig. 4 is a side view and a sectional view showing the specific relationship between the drive rail provided on the outside and the groove formed on the inside, and Fig. 5 shows the engagement relationship for transmitting axial force. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing step by step the state of excavation work according to the present invention, FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing the specific structural relationship of the rotary head, and FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the kelly rod slide. FIG. 9 is a plan view thereof; FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing hydraulic piping and switching operation relationships for a plurality of hydraulic motors provided in the rotary head; FIG. The figure is a side view showing the attachment relationship of the casing pipe to the rotary head.
The figure is a sectional view showing a specific example of the cylinder body, Figure 13 is a side view of the collar body relative to the main arm cylinder, Figure 14 is a side view of the swinging part,
FIG. 15 is a plan view thereof, FIG. 16 is an enlarged plan view of the portion shown in FIG. 15, and FIG. 17 is a front view of the machine main body. However, in these drawings, A represents the main body, and B represents the main body.
is the mast section, C is the rotary head section, D is the Kelly rod section, E is the swinging section, 1 is the crawler, 2 is the rotating mechanism section, 3 is the mast, 4 is the cylinder section, 6 is the main arm, and 6a is its pivot. 7 is a kelly rod, 7a, 7b are winding mechanisms, 7', 7'' and 7
8 is a rod body, 8 is a rotary head, 23 is an upper frame, 24 is a drive mechanism, 25 is a driver's cab, 31 is a pulley, 33 is a cylinder for applying axial force to the rotary head, 34 is a bracket, 40 and 49 41 is a horizontal cylinder, 42 is a vertical cylinder, 43 and 44 are cylindrical parts, 45 is a pin,
46 is a rod, 47 is a piston, 48 is a piston rod, 60 is a mounting chamber, 61 is a connecting link, 63
is a main arm cylinder such as a hydraulic type, 71 is a drive rail, 72 is a lock pocket, 73 is a swivel, 74 is a groove, 75 to 77 are ring parts, 80 is a hydraulic motor, 81 is an engagement gear, 82 is a rotating shaft, 82
a is the shaft hole, 82b is the small gear part, 83 is the intermediate gear,
84 is a large gear, 85 is a hollow output shaft, 86 is a Kelly rod sliding part, 86a is its engagement groove, 87
1 is a spiral shaft, 88 is an oil reservoir, 89 is a motor shaft, 100 is a drilling tool, 101 is a casing pipe, 130 is a shaft support, 132 is an insertion bar, 13
3 is a rotating shaft, 134 is a swing cylinder, 135 is a push-pull cylinder, 136 is a chuck cylinder, 137 is a chuck member, 138 is a base body, 139 is a switching member, 140 is a locking portion, 14
1 is a connecting part, 143 is a center rod, 144 is a retaining ring, 145 is a support part, 146 is a lateral groove, 147
148, 149 are pivot points, 170 is a buffer body, 171 is a flange, 180 is a hydraulic power source, 18
Reference numerals 1 and 182 designate a switching section, 183 a distributor valve, 184, 185, 187 and 188 a pipe line, and 186 a tank.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A machine main body is provided with a mast section and a kelly rod that is lifted and lowered by a hoisting mechanism, an excavator is attached to the kelly rod, and a rotary head that is guided and lifted and lowered by the mast section is provided. The rotary head transmits rotational force for drilling to the kelly rod and the drilling tool, and a drive rail is vertically installed on the outer surface of the kelly rod, and the drive rail is attached to the rotary head. A bracket is provided on the mast portion to engage with the mast portion to guide the lifting and lowering operation, and the drive rail is provided with multiple lock pockets for transmitting axial operating force. 1. A boring machine, characterized in that a cylinder is provided between the mast section and the bracket for applying an axial force to the rotary head.