JPS6353441B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a spiral fuel injection valve used in gas turbine engines and the like, and more particularly to a two-stage or twin-type fuel injection valve.

Various types of spiral fuel injection valves, which are conventionally used to supply fuel to gas turbine engines, have been developed in order to obtain a wide injection amount range within a limited fuel pressure range. However, two-stage and two-stage injection valves are widely used because of their simple structure, cost, and reliability.

A two-stage injection valve has a first swirl chamber and a second swirl chamber, and when the fuel pressure is low, the fuel is guided to the first swirl chamber through the first fuel passage, The fuel that has become a swirl in this first vortex chamber is delivered from the first injection port, and when the fuel pressure becomes high, the fuel is also supplied to the second vortex chamber via the second fuel passage. This is a type in which fuel is simultaneously injected from the first vortex chamber and the second vortex chamber. In addition, a dual injection valve has a single swirl chamber and a single injection port, and when the fuel pressure is low, only the first fuel passage communicates with the swirl chamber, and when the fuel pressure increases, the second fuel passage also communicates with the swirl chamber. This is similar to

In each of these types, the first fuel passage normally communicates with the injection port, and when the fuel pressure increases, the second fuel passage opens and this second fuel passage also communicates with the injection port. Similar.

Incidentally, in order to open and close the second fuel passage, a valve element biased by a spring is often used, and this spring valve is incorporated into a casing as the fuel injection valve body. A typical example of a fuel injection valve with a built-in spring valve is the
No. 50-13419.

However, since the spring valve used in the above publications is an umbrella-shaped valve with a long stem, it requires a large space in the axial direction, and a separator or retainer to slidably hold the spring valve is required. Larger in both axial and radial directions,
The disadvantage is that the injection valve is large and heavy. In addition, the above-mentioned conventional type has a large number of parts and a complicated structure, and the valve mechanism part must be assembled separately before being assembled into the casing as the injection valve body, resulting in the disadvantage of requiring additional assembly time. be.

However, in recent years, gas turbine engines for applications ranging from aircraft to automobiles are increasingly required to be compact, lightweight, and highly reliable.

The present invention was made based on the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to simplify the configuration of the first fuel passage, the second fuel passage, and the valve mechanism that opens and closes the second fuel passage, and to reduce the size and weight of the valve mechanism. The purpose of this invention is to provide a fuel injection valve that has improved reliability, improved ease of assembly, and reduced costs.

That is, the present invention provides a first fuel passage and a second fuel passage.
The fuel passages are concentrated in the separator, and this separator is further provided with a valve seat, and a valve element pressed by a spring in the retainer is seated on the valve seat, and the second fuel passage is formed by this valve element. The main feature is that the passage is opened and closed, and the above object is achieved by providing a flow dividing mechanism concentrated in the separator.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings.

This embodiment shows a double spiral fuel injection valve, and in the figure, 1 is a casing, and the casing 1 is held by a body 2, which is attached to a combustion chamber (not shown) of a gas turbine engine. It has a flange 3 for. An opening 4 is formed at the lower end of the casing 1 in the drawing.
A second nozzle tip 5 is provided within the casing 1 facing this opening 4. Further, the first nozzle chip 6, separator 7, and retainer 8 are stacked on the second nozzle chip 5 in this order, and are pressed by the cap 9 at the upper end in the figure to maintain liquid tightness between each member. I'm keeping it. The cap 9 is screwed into the upper end of the body 2 in the drawing, and is fitted into the upper end of the casing 1 through an O-ring 10 in a fluid-tight manner. The cap 9 has a fuel inlet 11 that communicates with a fuel control device (not shown).
This introduction port 11 communicates with an oblique hole 14 via a strainer 13 press-fitted and fixed by a ring 12. A fuel introduction passage 15 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the casing 1 between the retainer 8 and the outer periphery of the separator 7.
This introduction path 15 is connected to the introduction port 1 through the oblique hole 14.
It leads to 1.

A second vortex chamber 16 is formed in the second nozzle tip 5, and a second injection port 1 is located in the center of the second vortex chamber 16 and faces the opening 4.
7 is formed. The second nozzle tip 5 also has an annular groove 1 as shown in FIG.
8 is formed and a second inlet 19,1 connecting this annular groove 18 and the second vortex chamber 16.
9 is formed. These second inflow ports 19,
19 is connected tangentially to the vortex chamber 16, and the fuel flowing in through these second inlets 19, 19 generates a swirl flow within the vortex chamber 16.

The first nozzle tip 6 has the second vortex chamber 1
The first vortex chamber 2 is located concentrically within the vortex chamber 6.
0 is set. A first injection port 21 is opened in the center of the first vortex chamber 20 and is concentric with the second injection port 17 . Further, as shown in FIG.
First inlets 23, 23 are provided to communicate with each other. These first inlets 23 are formed in a tangential direction with respect to the first vortex chamber 20, and the first vortex chamber 20 is
The fuel flowing into the first swirl chamber 20 generates a swirling flow. The first nozzle tip 6 is provided with a plurality of fuel passage holes 24 located on the outer periphery of the annular groove 22, and these fuel passage holes 24 are formed in the annular shape of the second nozzle tip 5. It communicates with the groove 18.

The separator 7 superimposed on the first nozzle tip 6 is shown in FIGS. 5A-C. That is, a valve seat 30 is formed on the upper surface of the central portion of the separator 7 (in FIG. 2). The valve seat 30 has a conical hole, and the bottom surface thereof is deeply cylindrically carved. A plurality of main fuel passages 32 are formed radially from the cylindrical hole 31 toward the outer periphery, and these main fuel passages 32 communicate with the fuel introduction passage 15. A first fuel passage 33... is branched from the middle of these main fuel passages 32...
These first fuel passages 33 open into the annular groove 22 of the first nozzle tip 6.

For example, a ball valve 34 is removably seated on the valve seat 30, and the valve seat 30, in other words, the cylindrical hole 31, is closed so as to be openable and closable. The ball valve 34 has a spacer 35 integrally or integrally with the spacer 35 , and the spacer 35 is pressed by a spring 36 housed in the retainer 8 . Therefore, the ball valve 34 is always biased in the direction of seating on the valve seat 30. The retainer 8 has a valve seat 30
A fuel chamber 37 is formed which communicates with the fuel chamber 37. The separator 7 has a second fuel passage 38 for guiding the fuel chamber 37 to the second nozzle tip 5.
These second fuel passages 38 communicate with an annular groove 39 formed on the lower surface of the separator 7 (FIG. 2). This annular groove 39 is continuous with the fuel passage holes 24 provided in the first nozzle tip 6.

The operation of the embodiment with such a configuration will be explained.

Fuel supplied from a fuel inlet 11 of the cap 9 is filtered by a strainer 13 and then sent into a fuel inlet passage 15 through an oblique hole 14. Introduction route 1
5 is introduced into main fuel passages 32... formed in the separator 7, and these main fuel passages 32...
The fuel is sent to a first fuel passage 33 branched from the fuel passageway 33. Since the first fuel passages 33... communicate with the first inlet 23 via the annular groove 22 formed in the first nozzle tip 6, the fuel flows through the first inlet 23.
The liquid is fed into the first vortex chamber 20 through the inlet 23 of the vortex chamber 20 . Since the first inlets 23 extend in the connecting direction of the first vortex chambers 20, the fuel sent into the first vortex chambers 20 from the first inlets 23 produces a swirling vortex, It is injected outward from the first injection port 21 in a conical shape.

Normally, when the fuel pressure is below the set value, fuel is injected only from the first injection port 21 as described above, but when the fuel pressure is above the set value, that is, above the set pressure of the spring 36. When the fuel in the main fuel passages 32 reaches this point, the fuel in the main fuel passages 32 pushes up the ball valve 34 through the cylindrical hole 31 against the pressing force of the spring 36. Therefore, the ball valve 34 is separated from the conical valve seat 30, and since this valve seat 30 is opened, the fuel in the main fuel passage 32 is transferred to the cylindrical hole 31.
The fuel is diverted to the fuel chamber 37 through the fuel chamber 37. Since the fuel chamber 37 communicates with the second inlets 19, 19 via the second fuel passage 38, the annular groove 39, the fuel passage hole 24... and the annular groove 18, the fuel in the fuel chamber 37 is It is pumped through the passage into the second vortex chamber 16. Since the second inlets 19, 19 are also formed tangentially to the second vortex chamber 16, this second
The fuel sent into the second vortex chamber 16 from the inlets 19, 19 generates a swirling vortex flow within the second vortex chamber 16, and is injected to the outside in a conical shape through the second injection port 17. Ru.

Therefore, when the fuel pressure is low, fuel is injected only from the first injection port 21, but when the fuel pressure reaches a predetermined value or more, fuel is injected from the second injection port 21 in addition to the first injection port 21.
Since fuel is also supplied from the injection port 17, the amount of fuel injected increases depending on the fuel pressure.

The injection valve having such a structure has a main fuel passage 32...
..., first fuel passage 33..., second fuel passage 3
8... and the valve seat 30 are formed in a single separator 7, no special other parts are required to form these passages. Moreover, the separator 7 has a simple structure, can be manufactured in a small size, and does not require a large space. Furthermore, since the ball valve 34 is pressed against the valve seat 30 by the spring 36, the ball valve 34 itself can be made smaller, and since the valve seat 30 is also molded into the separator 7, the entire valve structure can be made smaller and smaller. It has a simple structure. Therefore, the entire injection valve can be made smaller and lighter in both the axial and radial directions. Therefore, even if installed in a gas turbine engine or the like, it does not require a large space and contributes to weight reduction.

Further, all the parts housed in the casing 1 can be assembled in order from the cap 9 side in one direction, and there is also the advantage that assembly, disassembly, etc. can be easily performed.

In the above embodiment, the first nozzle chip 6 has a first inlet 2 connected to the first vortex chamber 20.
3. The second nozzle tip 5 was separately provided with a second inlet 19 connected to the second vortex chamber 16;
As shown in the figure, the first nozzle tip 6 has a first inlet 23 connected to the first vortex chamber 20 and a second inlet 23 connected to the first vortex chamber 20.
A second inlet 19 connected to the vortex chamber 16 may also be provided.

Further, in the above embodiment, the first nozzle chip 6 and the second nozzle chip 5 each have a vortex chamber 2.
0, 16 and injection ports 21, 17, respectively.
Although the description has been made of a two-stage fuel injection valve in which fuel is injected from the fuel injection valve, the present invention is not limited to this, and the vortex chamber and the injection port are formed only in either the first nozzle tip or the second nozzle tip, It is also possible to implement a dual fuel injection valve in which the first fuel passage and the second fuel passage communicate with this single vortex chamber.

Further, in the above embodiment, an example was explained in which a ball valve was used as the valve mechanism, but instead of the ball valve, a poppet valve, a flat plate valve, etc. may be used.

Further, the first fuel passages 33 do not necessarily need to be branched from the main fuel passages 32, and may be made to communicate directly with the fuel introduction passage 15.

Further, the opening/closing set pressure of the ball valve 34 can be adjusted by replacing the spacer 35 of the ball valve 34 with one of a different thickness, and by pressing a spring 36 on the ceiling surface of the retainer 8. This can also be done by installing an adjustment screw or the like to adjust the pressure.

As described in detail above, the present invention provides, in the casing,
Since the main fuel passage, the first fuel passage, the second fuel passage and the valve seat are integrally provided in the separator which is polymerized together with the second nozzle tip and the first nozzle tip, other special arrangements are made for these passages. No parts required. In particular, since the valve seat is integrally formed with this separator, the valve structure is also simplified. This simplifies the configuration of the separator and valve structure, improves reliability, and achieves a smaller size and lighter weight.Since the number of parts is reduced, assembly effort is not required, and costs can be reduced.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings show one embodiment of the present invention, in which Fig. 1 is a partially sectional side view showing the entire fuel injection valve, Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the main part thereof, and Fig. 3 is a second nozzle chip. FIG. 4 is a top view of the first nozzle chip, and FIGS. 5A to 5C show the separator, where A is a top view, B is a sectional view, and C is a bottom view. Further, FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of essential parts showing another embodiment of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Casing, 5... Second nozzle chip, 6... First nozzle chip, 7... Separator, 8... Retainer, 9... Cap, 15...
Fuel introduction path, 16... second vortex chamber, 17... second
injection port, 19... second inlet, 20... first
vortex chamber, 21...first injection port, 23...first inlet, 30...valve seat, 32...main fuel passage, 3
3...First fuel passage, 34...Ball valve (valve body), 36...Spring, 37...Fuel chamber, 3
8...Second fuel passage.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A second nozzle chip is provided in the casing facing the opening end, and a first nozzle chip, a separator, and a retainer are superimposed on this second nozzle chip in this order, and the first or second nozzle chip A vortex chamber having an injection port is formed in at least one of the nozzle chips, a first inlet connected to the vortex chamber is formed in the first nozzle chip, and a vortex chamber is formed in the first nozzle chip or the second nozzle chip. A second inlet connected to the vortex chamber is provided, and a main fuel passage is formed in the separator from a fuel introduction passage formed between the outer periphery of the separator and the casing to the center, and a main fuel passage is formed between the fuel introduction passage and the casing. A first fuel passage connecting the first inlet is formed, and a valve seat is provided in the center of the separator to communicate with the main fuel passage. The pressed valve body is seated so as to be openable and closable, and a fuel chamber connected to the valve seat is formed between the retainer and the separator, and a second inlet connecting the fuel chamber and the second inlet is formed in the separator. A fuel injection valve characterized by forming a fuel passage. 2 The first nozzle tip is provided with a first vortex chamber having a first injection port, the second nozzle tip is provided with a second vortex chamber having a second injection port, and the first vortex chamber is provided with a second vortex chamber having a second injection port. 2. The fuel injection valve according to claim 1, wherein the first inlet and the second vortex chamber communicate with the second inlet.