JPS6342167B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention involves desorbing a refrigerant adsorbed on a solid adsorbent by acquiring solar heat, condensing it into a liquid, and absorbing this liquefied refrigerant by cooling the solid adsorbent. evaporate,
The present invention relates to an air conditioner using solar heat, which is capable of cooling a living room with the cold heat obtained from the latent heat of evaporation, and heating the living room with warm air obtained by acquiring solar heat.

[Technical background of the invention and its problems]

Usually used air conditioners are refrigerant,
For example, switching between cooling and heating operation is possible by configuring a so-called heat pump type refrigeration cycle by circulating fluorocarbon gas in the order of compression, condensation, expansion, and evaporation. A compressor that performs a compression action is integrally equipped with an electric motor section and is driven by electric energy. For this reason, the consumption of the above-mentioned electrical energy becomes large, especially during the summer, and has reached the point where it affects the electric power situation. Therefore, recently there has been a lot of research and development into using other power sources to perform the compression action.
Examples include means for converting solar energy into electrical energy using photoelectric solar cells, and means for converting solar energy into mechanical energy such as a Rankine cycle engine, which drives a compressor. However, these methods cannot be fully effective without advanced energy concentrating technology or complex solar tracking technology, and it will take time to achieve high efficiency.

Moreover, the compressor itself is a complicated mechanism and its manufacturing cost is high, and various efforts have been made to improve compression efficiency, but they are already close to their limits. The mechanism that adiabatically expands the refrigerant also requires accurate matching according to the compression state, which takes time and effort. If the gas is used for a long period of time, it will run out of gas, so it will be necessary to replenish it from time to time, making maintenance time-consuming. Since there are various other problems, the refrigeration cycle itself has been reviewed, and there is a demand for alternative heating and cooling means.

By the way, ``zeolite'', a type of solid adsorbent, has recently attracted attention, especially in the United States, and refrigeration experiments using it have begun to be conducted. Zeolite has the property of being able to adsorb large amounts of cooling gases such as water vapor, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and Freon. However, since the heat of vaporization of water is greater than that of other common gases, the zeolite-water combination is the most efficient. Zeolite-based refrigeration systems use naturally produced chaabasite or clinoptilolite as a solid adsorbent and water vapor as a refrigerant. In other words, zeolite absorbs solar heat and desorbs (releases) the water that was adsorbed there. The moisture is led to the condenser, where it is condensed and liquefied, becoming water and being stored. When the zeolite cools down, such as during the night when solar heat cannot be obtained, the water adsorption effect begins. The water evaporates, turns into water vapor, and is absorbed by the zeolite. As it evaporates, it absorbs the latent heat of vaporization from the surrounding area, producing a freezing effect. In this case, the cooling effect is possible only during the time when solar heat cannot be obtained, but by adding a cold storage tank, for example, the cooling effect during the daytime is possible.

Therefore, there is no need for a complicated compression mechanism such as a refrigeration cycle or delicate matching, and there is no need for a power source, resulting in an extremely simple configuration. It has the advantage of requiring little maintenance, low running costs, and can be provided at a low price.

Although it is possible to obtain a cooling effect using this system, as it is still at the research stage, no specific configuration suitable for Japanese houses has yet been proposed, and furthermore, it is not considered that it can be used in combination with a heating effect. Since there is no such thing, the utilization efficiency is low.

[Purpose of the invention]

The present invention utilizes solar energy throughout the year, provides efficient cooling and heating, and provides low running costs for both cooling and heating, allowing for an expanded range of use. It attempts to provide a harmonizing device.

[Summary of the invention]

The present invention stores cold heat using a solid adsorbent that acquires solar heat, supplies this cold heat to the living room when necessary to perform an air conditioning effect, and uses a heat collection duct plate that acquires solar heat to transfer warm air to the living room when necessary. It is designed to provide a heating effect.

[Embodiment of the Invention] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings. Figures 1 to 3 show a solar heat utilization device. 1 is the heat collection case, which is the top surface (opening)
It is a rectangular thin box-shaped body in which a reinforced glass plate 2 and a weather-resistant synthetic film 3 such as a polycarbonate film are overlapped and closed. Glass wool 4, which is a heat insulating material, is laid on the bottom surface of this interior, and heat insulating materials 5, 5, such as wood or glass wool, are provided along both sides in the longitudinal direction. Above glass wool 4
A heat collecting duct plate 7 having a corrugated cross section in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is provided on the top through a glass mat 6 which is a heat insulating material. This heat collection duct plate 7
The surface is treated with a selective absorption film to improve the absorption efficiency of solar heat. The opposing portions of the heat collecting duct plates 7 are open on both longitudinal end faces of the heat collecting casing 1, and when a plurality of heat collecting casings 1 are arranged next to each other along the longitudinal direction, their openings 8a communicate with each other. It's becoming like that. A plurality of solid adsorbent packing bodies 8 (hereinafter referred to as packing bodies) are arranged in parallel on the heat collecting duct plate 7 in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. This filling body 8
is a glass tube, metal tube, etc. with one end closed, and the inside is filled with zeolite particles 9, which are solid adsorbents, and have a diameter of about 1 to 5 m/m. The other end is open and the filter 10 is fitted therein. Each filling body 8
... are supported by the heat insulating material 5 or the heat collecting casing 1 via the support fitting 11, and the other end communicates with a chamber 12 provided along the longitudinal direction.
A refrigerant pipe 13 extending to the outer bottom surface of the heat collecting case 1 is connected to the bottom surface of one end of the chamber 12 . The refrigerant pipes 13 extend in the longitudinal direction on the outer bottom surface of the heat collecting casing 1, and a condenser 15 having a large number of fins 14 with narrow gaps therein is provided there. Furthermore, the refrigerant pipe 13 is bent downward and communicates with the evaporator 16. This evaporator 16 is a closed container whose peripheral surface is covered with a heat insulating material, and a coil-shaped heat exchanger 17 is housed inside. The filling body 8, the chamber 12, the refrigerant pipe 13, the condenser 15, and the evaporator 16 are each connected in an airtight manner, and their interiors are maintained in a vacuum. Note that the condenser 15 is surrounded by a baffle plate 18 attached to the bottom surface of the heat collecting case 1. The baffle plate 18 is provided along the longitudinal direction of the heat collecting case 1, which is the axial direction of the condenser 15, and a fitting 19 for fixing the evaporator 16 is further provided on the lower surface of the baffle plate 18. Therefore, the heat collecting case 1, the condenser 15 and the evaporator 16 are integrated into an integrated unit.

The solar heat utilization device constructed in this manner is used, for example, as a heating and cooling system for an air conditioner, as shown in FIG. That is, a plurality of devices S... are arranged on the roof 20, which is the outer surface of the house. In other words, the longitudinal direction of the heat collecting casing 1 is aligned with the slope of the roof 20, and the end faces are brought into close contact so that the openings 8a communicate with each other. Each device S has a condenser 15 and an evaporator 16 integrated into one unit, so that they protrude into the roof 20. Installation is very easy. Each evaporator 16...
The heat exchangers 17 in... are connected in series via piping P, or in parallel or reverse return mode,
It communicates with the cold storage tank 21 and the circulation pump 22 to form a cold storage cycle. The cold storage tank 21 is placed in a living room (not shown) and communicates with a cooler through piping. On the other hand, an inlet chamber 23 is connected to the end surface of the heat collecting casing 1 at the lowest inclined end, and an outlet chamber 24 is connected to the end surface of the heat collecting casing 1 at the uppermost inclined end. The above inlet side and outlet side chambers 23 and 24
Both are provided with a damper a and a damper b which are controlled by a sensor (not shown), and communicate with a heat storage tank 27 for an air collector via ducts 25 and 26. The duct 25 is branched and one end is opened to the outside.
An inlet duct 28 with a damper c is connected.
A hot water supply heat exchanger 29 is accommodated in the duct 26, and communicates with a hot water supply tank 30 and a pump 31 to form a hot water supply cycle. Further, a heat collecting fan 32 is accommodated in the duct 26, and a duct 3 whose one end communicates with the duct 25
3 are connected to each other, and a damper d is provided on the duct 26 side, and a damper e is provided on the duct 25 side at these branch portions. Note that a discharge duct 34 whose one end communicates with the outside is connected to the outlet side chamber 24, and a damper f is provided at a branch portion of these ducts. A supply duct 35 and a return duct 36 communicating with each living room are connected to the heat storage tank 27. A ventilation fan 37 is installed in the supply duct 35.
will be provided. Further, dampers g and h are provided in the heat storage tanks 27 of the supply duct 35 and the return duct 36, respectively.

Next, the operation of the above embodiment will be explained. During sunlight irradiation, such as during the daytime in summer, the filling body 8 receives the sunlight irradiated through the tempered glass plate 2 and the weather-resistant synthetic film 3. The zeolite particles 9 filled in this absorb solar heat, and the adsorbed water is released. This moisture is led to the condenser 15 via the refrigerant pipe 13, where it exchanges heat with the air flowing through the baffle plate 18 and is condensed and liquefied. The moisture completely changes to liquid (water) and collects in the evaporator 16. Since the adsorption efficiency of the zeolite particles 9 is high, water is continuously desorbed while solar heat is being obtained. Therefore, the amount of water in the evaporator 16 increases over time.

When sunlight is not irradiated, for example at night, the zeolite particles 9 no longer acquire sunlight,
There will be no further desorption of water. On the contrary, due to its nature,
The moisture collected in the evaporator 16 will be absorbed. The water evaporates and is adsorbed by the zeolite particles 9 via the refrigerant pipe 13. When water evaporates in the evaporator 16, it takes away the latent heat of vaporization and lowers the temperature inside the evaporator 16 to 0°C.
Do the following. At this time, if the circulation pump 22 is driven, the heat exchanger 17 is cooled and cold air, cold water, refrigerant, etc. are stored in the cold storage tank 21 by the gas, liquid, etc. sealed therein. This heating effect can be achieved by circulating cold heat to a cooler connected to the cold storage tank 21 as needed, such as during the day. The above-mentioned cold storage state continues while sunlight is not irradiating. If the zeolite particles 9 are irradiated with sunlight again, water will be desorbed from the zeolite particles 9 as described above.

The air blowing control state in summer is as shown in FIG. (See Figure 4 for the specific structure.) In other words, during the daytime in summer when solar heat can be obtained,
Damper a and damper b are opened, damper c is closed, damper d is located on the mouth side, damper e is located on the mouth side, and damper f is closed. The heat collection fan 32 and the pump 31 of the hot water supply cycle are driven. Therefore duct 2
The air inside 5, 26, 33 etc. is inlet side chamber 2.
3, conduction is established along the heat collection duct plates 7 of each device S. Since these heat collecting duct plates 7... absorb solar heat, the temperature of the conducting air increases and turns into warm air. and the exit side chamber 24,
It returns to each device via the duct 26 and the outlet duct 33 and circulates therein. When the duct 26 is made conductive, it exchanges heat with the heat exchanger 29 to heat it. Therefore, the water in the hot water supply tank 30 can be changed to hot water. The opening degrees of the dampers a and b are controlled by sensors, and the temperature of the filling bodies 8 is kept constant. Such a situation is schematically shown in FIG. 6A.

When solar heat cannot be obtained, such as at night in summer, dampers a, b, and c are open, and dampers d and e are on the b side.
Open the damper f. The outside air introduced into the inlet duct 28 is conducted along the heat collecting duct plates 7 and cools the filling bodies 8. Then, it is discharged to the outside from the discharge duct 34 due to wind pressure. Heat collection fan 32
Then, the pump 31 stops and the circulation pump 22 is driven. The freezing effect as described above is performed, and the cold storage tank 2
Cold air accumulates in 1. During the daytime, this cold air is circulated to the living room to provide air conditioning. This state is schematically shown in FIG. 6B.

When the cooling effect is not required, such as during winter, control is performed as shown in FIG. While solar heat can be obtained, such as during the daytime, both dampers a and b are opened, damper c is closed and moved to the side opposite to dampers d and e, and damper f is closed. The circulation pump 22 is stopped, and the heat collection fan 32 and pump 31 are driven. The outside air accumulated in the system is warmed as it passes through the heat collecting duct plate 7, and is led to the heat storage tank 27 where it is stored.
The zeolite particles 9 can store solar heat and heat the outside air even if there is a period when sunlight is not irradiated. The warm air heats the heat exchanger 29 to produce hot water.
This state is shown in FIG. 7A.

At night, when solar heat cannot be obtained, dampers a, b, c and f are closed, dampers d and f are placed on the b side, and the circulation pump 22 and heat collection fan 32 are closed.
Then, the pump 31 is stopped, the dampers g and h are opened, and the ventilation fan 37 is driven. Therefore, warm air is drawn out from the heat storage tank 27 and guided to each room through the supply duct 35 to perform this heating effect.
The warm air after heat exchange is circulated to the heat storage tank 27 via the return duct 36. This state is shown in FIG. 7B.

〔Effect of the invention〕

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION This invention can obtain a cooling effect and a heating effect by utilizing solar heat, reduces running costs, and performs extremely economical air conditioning. Moreover, it is possible to provide a durable device with a simple configuration.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway plan view of a solar air conditioning system, and FIG.
The figure is a longitudinal front view, Fig. 3 is a longitudinal side view, Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the solar air conditioning system, Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram of refrigeration, and Fig. 6 A and B are controls in summer. Explanatory diagrams, FIGS. 7A and 7B are explanatory diagrams of control in winter. 8...Solid adsorbent (zeolite) packing, 7...
... Heat collection duct plate, 1 ... Heat collection case, 13 ... Refrigerant pipe, 15 ... Condenser, 16 ... Evaporator, 17 ...
Heat exchanger, 21... Cold storage tank, 27... Heat storage tank.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A heat collection casing that is placed on the outside of the house and houses a solid adsorbent filling body that receives solar heat and a heat collection duct plate, and communicates with the solid adsorption material filling body in this heat collection casing via a refrigerant pipe. A condenser and an evaporator, a heat exchanger housed in the evaporator and exchanging heat with cold heat in the evaporator, and communicating with the heat exchanger through piping to store the cold heat and supply it to the room in the house. A solar heat-utilizing air conditioner characterized by comprising a cold storage tank for supplying heat, and a heat storage tank that communicates with the heat collection duct via the duct to store warm air obtained by acquiring solar heat in the heat collection duct and guide it to the living room. Device.