JPS6338566B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a disc brake in which a braking disc is mounted under a spring of a vehicle body, and a caliper is mounted on a spring.

[Prior art] In a normal disc brake, both the caliper and the brake disc are mounted under the spring, so the relative movement between the two is limited to the direction perpendicular to the brake disc, and the friction pads smoothly move against the brake disc. Frictionally engaged. However, when the brake disc is mounted axially away from the wheel, as in the case of railway vehicle brakes, it is difficult to install the caliper adjacent to the brake disc under the spring, so the caliper is mounted directly on the vehicle body. Supported. When the axle tilts left and right or front and back with respect to the vehicle body, the parallel relationship between the friction pad supported by the caliper on the vehicle body side and the brake disc integrated with the axle is lost. Therefore, the spring-supported caliper must be able to move relative to the unsprung brake disc in three dimensions.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The object of the present invention is to provide a disc in which the friction pads of the caliper are in surface contact in parallel with the brake disc even if the caliper is supported on the spring and the brake disc is supported under the spring. The purpose is to provide a brake.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the configuration of the present invention includes a hydraulic cylinder device integrally, and supports a pair of friction pads facing a brake disc integrated with an axle. A caliper is placed across the outer circumference of the brake disc, and a pair of mutually parallel pins connected to both ends of the caliper spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the brake disc are held in pin holes in a fixing member fixed to the vehicle body. A third pin parallel to the pin that is slidably inserted into the elastic sleeve and coupled to the central part of the caliper is slidably inserted into a spherical bushing that is tiltably held in a pin hole of the fixing member. be.

[Operation] While the brake disc 40 is supported integrally with the axle, the caliper 2 is supported by a fixed member 1 directly fixed to the vehicle body so as to be tiltable in two directions.

Since the pin 10 at the center of the caliper 2 is inserted into the spherical bushing 30 held in the pin hole of the boss 13 of the fixing member 1, the pin 10 rotates around the spherical bushing 30 on two axes (the axis of rotation of the brake disc 40 and can be tilted about two perpendicular axes). The pair of bosses 12 of the fixing member 1 allow the pair of pins 7 of the caliper 2 to tilt with elastic deformation of the elastic sleeve 15.

When the axis of the brake disc 40 tilts to the left or right together with the axle supported by the vehicle body via a suspension spring, the caliper 2 correspondingly rotates around an axis in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body passing through the spherical bush 30. As a result, the pin 10 of the caliper 2 is parallel to the axle, and the friction pads 3, 5 are maintained parallel to the brake disc 40. Furthermore, when the axis of the brake disc 40 tilts forward and backward together with the axle (when the left and right wheels move relative to each other back and forth), the caliper 2 rotates around the vertical axis that passes through the spherical bushing 30. The friction pads 3, 5 are kept parallel to the brake disc 40.

[Embodiments of the Invention] The configuration of the present invention will be explained based on embodiments.
As shown in FIG. 1, a disc brake includes a braking disc 40 rotatably coupled to an axle supported by a suspension system on the vehicle body, and a pair of friction discs extending over a part of the outer periphery of the braking disc 40. Caliper 2 supporting pads 3 and 5 and caliper 2 fixed to the vehicle body side
and a fixing member 1 for guiding and supporting. The caliper 2 has a cylinder portion 28 at its right end, into which a cup-shaped piston 31 is slidably fitted, and a detent pin 3 is fitted to this end.
A back plate 6 of the friction pad 5 is connected to the friction pad 5 via 9.

The piston 31 has a conical surface 20 formed inside.
A friction clutch 32 is provided which can be frictionally engaged with. An adjusting nut 33 is rotatably coupled to the friction clutch 32 with a pin, and this adjusting nut 33 is screwed into a bolt 34 fixed to the cylinder portion 28 so as not to rotate, through a large threaded lead.
Then, when the piston 31 is pushed to the left by the pressure fluid supplied to the inside of the cylinder part 28 when the brake is applied, the adjustment nut 33 and the friction clutch 32 move to the left following the piston 31. but,
When the brake is released by releasing the hydraulic pressure, the friction clutch 32 engages the conical surface 20 against the rightward return movement of the piston 31, and the adjusting nut 33 cannot be screwed against the bolt 34. , friction pad 5
The braking gap is automatically adjusted for wear. Such braking gap adjustment devices are known and will not be described further.

The left end of the caliper 2 is integrally provided with a reaction piece 27 that hangs down parallel to the side surface of the brake disc 40 and has a notch 46 on the lower end side, and the back plate 4 of the friction pad 3 is brought into contact with this piece. It is becoming more and more integrated. As shown in FIG. 2, in the caliper 2, a pair of left and right cylinder parts 28 are arranged in the circumferential direction of a brake disc 40, and brackets 21 and 23 that protrude upward on the outside of the cylinder part 28 are arranged symmetrically. and an opening 22 is provided between them. A pin 7 extending from the bracket 23 toward the bracket 21 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the side surface of the brake disc 40 is inserted and fixed by a nut 18. The center part of the pin 7 is slidably inserted and supported by the boss 12 of the fixing member 1, and the pin part between the boss 12 and each bracket 23, 21 is covered by dustproof boots 9, 8, and is protected from dust and muddy water. protected from etc.

A pair of brackets 2 are also installed in the center of the caliper 2.
6 and 24 are provided integrally, and an opening 25 is provided between them. Then, the pin 10 is inserted from the bracket 26 toward the bracket 24,
and is fixed by a nut 36. A central portion of the pin 10 is slidably supported by a boss 13 of the fixing member 1.

As is clear from FIGS. 1 and 3, the fixing member 1 is
It is plate-shaped with a surface parallel to the brake disc 40, and is fixed to the vehicle body (not shown) by inserting a bolt into the hole 3 of the protruding piece 11 that protrudes upward from both left and right ends. ing. Also, bosses 12, 1 protrude somewhat downward at both ends and the center of the fixing member 1.
3 are integrated. Bosses 12 and 13 are opening 2
The pins 7 and 10 of the caliper 2 are guided and supported at a portion facing inside the caliper 2 and 25 and close to the back surface of the caliper 2.

As is clear from FIG. 3, openings 37 are provided at the left and right ends of the reaction force piece 27, which helps to reduce the weight of the caliper 2. A pin 1 for guiding and supporting the friction pad is provided between the side end of the reaction force piece 27 and a projecting piece 29 projecting left and right from the cylinder part 28.
6 is supported through and fixed with bolts 17. As shown in FIG. 3, the back plate 4 of the friction pad 3 has a projecting piece 4a projecting laterally from the friction pad 3, and an arc-shaped notch provided at the tip of the projecting piece 4a engages with the pin 16 mentioned above. Supported. Friction pad 5
The same applies to the back plate 6.

The caliper 2 is designed to be tilted three-dimensionally with respect to the fixed member 1. For this reason, boss 1
The sliding portion of the pin 7 relative to the pin 2 is constructed as shown in FIG. A sleeve 15 made of an elastic material such as rubber is fitted into the center of the pin hole 19 of the boss 12, which has an inner diameter larger than that of the pin 7.
Moreover, both ends thereof are restrained from moving in the axial direction by bushes 14 fitted into pin holes 19. The inner diameter of each bush 14 is larger than the outer diameter of the pin 7, and a gap t is formed between the two.

The sliding portion of the pin 10 with respect to the boss 13 is constructed as shown in FIG. Pin hole 4 of boss 13
A retaining ring 42 is fixed inside the retaining ring 3, and the spherical bushing 30 is fitted into a spherical concave surface formed on the inner surface of the retaining ring 42. A cylindrical liner 41 is fitted and fixed to the center of the spherical bush 30, and the pin 10 is slidably fitted and supported on the liner 41.

Next, to explain the operation of the disc brake according to the present invention, in FIG.
When pressurized fluid is supplied to the fluid chamber 47, the piston 31 is pushed to the left and presses the friction pad 5 against the right side surface of the brake disc 40. At the same time, the caliper 2 receiving the hydraulic reaction force moves to the right with respect to the fixed member 1, and presses the friction pad 3 against the left side surface of the brake disc 40 via the reaction piece 27. In this way, the brake disc 40 is held between the pair of friction pads 3 and 5 to generate a braking force. During braking, the pins 7, 10 of the caliper 2 slide along the sleeve 15 of the boss 12 and the liner 41 of the boss 13 of the fixed member 1, respectively. By the way, since the brake disc 40 is supported along with the wheels via a suspension system on the vehicle body,
As the vehicle body vibrates, the brake disc 40 tilts left and right or front and back, and further moves up and down.
A relative bias or inclination occurs with respect to the friction pads 3, 5 of the caliper 2, which are directly supported on the vehicle body side.

In response to such movement of the brake disc 40, the central pin 10 of the caliper 2
It can be tilted left and right or front and back about the spherical bush 30 provided in the boss 12, and correspondingly, the pair of pins 7 can tilt inside the pin hole 19 of the boss 12 while bending the elastic sleeve 15. . Therefore, even during braking, the pair of friction pads 3,
The entire caliper 2 can move relative to the fixed member 1 while the caliper 5 remains in close contact.
Therefore, no unreasonable force is applied between the caliper 2 and the fixed member 1, and smooth braking action can be achieved.

When the fluid pressure in the fluid chamber 47 is released, the frictional engagement force of each friction pad 3, 5 with respect to the brake disc 40 is released, and the friction pad 5 is returned to the right, and the friction pad 3 is returned to the left. This return amount is piston 3
1 is limited by a brake clearance adjustment device configured inside 1.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, the present invention includes a caliper that is integrally equipped with a hydraulic cylinder device and that supports a pair of friction pads facing a brake disc that is integrated with an axle, and that straddles the outer periphery of the brake disc. A pair of mutually parallel pins connected to both ends of a caliper spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the brake disc are slidably inserted into an elastic sleeve held in a pin hole of a fixed member fixed to the vehicle body. A third pin parallel to the pin connected to the center of the caliper was slidably inserted into a spherical bushing held tiltably in a pin hole of a fixing member, so that it could be connected to the axle as the suspension spring was deflected. No matter how the axis of the common brake disc is tilted, the caliper will tilt around the spherical bushing in response to the behavior of the brake disc during braking so that the caliper is parallel to the axis of the brake disc. , the friction pad makes surface contact parallel to the brake disc. Therefore, the maximum braking ability is exerted without any uneven braking.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a side sectional view taken along the line in Figure 2 of a disc brake according to the present invention, Figure 2 is a partially cutaway plan view of the brake, and Figure 3 shows the right half of the brake. A front view is omitted, and FIG. 4 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the sliding portion of the pin attached to both ends of the caliper relative to the fixed member.
FIG. 5 is a horizontal sectional view of the sliding portion of the central pin of the caliper relative to the fixed member. 1: Fixed member, 2: Caliper, 3: Friction pad, 5: Friction pad, 7, 10: Pin, 12, 1
3: Boss, 15: Threes, 27: Reaction force piece, 2
8: Cylinder part, 30: Spherical bush, 31: Piston, 40: Braking disc, 41: Liner.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A caliper that is integrally equipped with a hydraulic cylinder device and supports a pair of friction pads facing a brake disk that is integrated with the axle is disposed across the outer periphery of the brake disk,
A pair of mutually parallel pins connected to both ends of the caliper spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the brake disc are slidably inserted into an elastic sleeve held in a pin hole of a fixed member fixed to the vehicle body, and the pins are inserted into the center of the caliper. A disc brake characterized in that a third pin parallel to the pin connected to the part is slidably inserted into a spherical bush which is tiltably held in a pin hole of a fixing member.