JPS63308473A - Picture processor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce the generation of a moire stripe and to lighten the allowable width of a mechanical tolerance by specifying the distribution of a threshold in a threshold matrix. CONSTITUTION:An X address and a Y address applied to the threshold matrix 33 are respectively formed by a picture element clock 37 and a horizontal synchronizing signal 34. The respective components of the threshold matrix are taken out one by one by the picture element clock 37 and the horizontal synchronizing signal 34 and applied to a comparator 32 as threshold data. In this case, the threshold in the threshold matrix is distributed in such a manner that as the level of picture information is high, a binarizing or multiplexing means outputs the picture information as a discrete dot pattern and when the picture information is brought into an intermediate level, the binarizing or multiplexing means outputs it as the longitudinal or the horizontal line screen. Accordingly, the moire of any one direction is suppressed and the accuracy request of the mechanical tolerance is lightened.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an image processing apparatus, and particularly to an image processing apparatus that determines pixel information of output dots by comparing input pixel information with a threshold value.

[Prior Art] Various methods have been proposed for outputting halftone images in digital printers and the like, and these methods include, for example, a dither method and a density pattern method.

These methods are: (i) An image having halftones can be displayed using a binary display device.

(i+) Hardware configuration of the device is easy.

(iii) A certain level of image quality can be obtained.

For these reasons, it is widely used in many fields.

Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the pixels (input pixel information) 8 of the input image are made to correspond to each component of the threshold matrix 5, and depending on whether the pixels are larger or smaller than the threshold, they are white or black. is determined and output to the display image 6. FIG. 2A shows the dither method, in which one pixel 8 of the input is divided into 1 of the threshold matrix 5.
It corresponds to two ingredients. Further, FIG. 2B shows the density pattern method, in which one input pixel 8 is made to correspond to all the components of the threshold value matrix 5. That is, in the density pattern method, one pixel of the input image is represented by a plurality of cells on the display screen 6.

At this time, the only difference between the dither method and the density pattern method is whether one input pixel is made to correspond to one component of the threshold matrix or to all components, and there is no physical difference. Of course, there are also intermediate methods, such as a method in which one input pixel is made to correspond to a plurality of components (for example, four components of 2×2 in the example of FIG. 2B) out of all the components of the threshold matrix.

Therefore, there is no essential difference between the two, and from now on, the dither method, density pattern method, and intermediate methods will be collectively referred to as the dither method.

In such a dither method, there are various methods for creating a threshold matrix. However, there has not been much research into methods for easily obtaining high-quality image output. As a method of obtaining an image output with improved gradation without deteriorating resolution using this dithering method, there are two methods: 1) The unit of resolution is composed of a small threshold matrix; 2) The unit of resolution is composed of a large matrix. By doing so, both resolution and gradation can be satisfied.

The inventors of this patent application are
, 25. No, l, P31. (1986)), in ``Halftone Reproduction Method for Digital Color Printing in Electrophotography'', the dither threshold matrix is divided into four sub-matrices, and the threshold values of the diagonal sub-matrices are the same, and the multi-valued High resolution and high gradation were obtained using a processing device. The inventors developed this method using the IH method (Inp
It is called the roved Halftone method).

Furthermore, the inventors extended this IH method to the case where there is a screen angle, and set a different screen angle for each color during color output, thereby preventing the occurrence of moiré fringes due to color.

[Problems to be solved by the invention] Although this method has excellent gradation reproducibility,
When a halftone original is output using the dithering method, a beat with the output threshold matrix occurs, resulting in a so-called moiré pattern, which significantly deteriorates image quality.

In addition, due to the effects of pitch unevenness caused by tilting of the surface of a rotating polygon mirror, uneven rotation of a photosensitive drum, etc., which often occur in scanning optical systems such as laser beam printers, uneven distances between output dots occur, and the above-mentioned problem arises. Even when attempting to obtain high image quality using the IH method, deterioration of image quality has occurred in some cases.

The present invention eliminates the above-mentioned problems, and maintains the resolution and gradation of the above-mentioned IH method, reduces the occurrence of moiré fringes even in the output of halftone originals, and improves the allowable range of mechanical tolerances. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an image processing device that alleviates the problem.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The configuration of the present invention for achieving the above-mentioned problems includes means for cutting out input image information into two-dimensional blocks, and a two-dimensional threshold matrix, and the threshold value and the two-dimensional and means for comparing the image information of the block and converting the image information within the block into binary or multivalued information.

[Operation] In the above configuration, the threshold values in the threshold matrix are such that the higher the level of the image information is, the more the binarization or multi-value conversion means outputs the image information as a discrete dot pattern, and the higher the level of the image information, the more the image information becomes is at an intermediate level, so that the binarization or multivalue conversion means outputs a vertical or horizontal line screen of the threshold matrix.
It is distributed.

Therefore, moiré in any one direction is suppressed, and accuracy requirements for mechanical tolerance in the same direction are relaxed.

[Embodiments] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the attached drawings. In the embodiments described below, a case where the present invention is applied to monochrome printing will be explained first, and a case where the present invention is applied to color printing will be explained next.

Application to Monochrome Printing (Image Data to Laser Beam Conversion) FIG. 3 shows a scanning optical system of, for example, a laser beam printer when outputting image data obtained by the image processing apparatus of the present invention as a visible image. FIG. The light beam modulated by the semiconductor laser 21 is collimated by the collimating lens 2° and polarized by the rotating polygon mirror 22. The polarized light beam is f
The photosensitive drum 1 is
2 and perform beam scanning. During this beam scanning, the tip of the one-line scanning light beam is reflected by a mirror 24 and guided to a detector 25 . The detection signal from this detector 25 is used as a synchronization signal in the scanning direction H (horizontal direction).

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a circuit for modulating a semiconductor laser 21. As shown in FIG. Input image data (input pixel information) 31 is usually a digital signal of about 8 bits, and is input to a comparator 32, where it is compared with the output from the threshold matrix ROM 33. The threshold value matrix ROM 33 stores a threshold value matrix in the ROM, and the threshold values of the matrix components are taken out one by one by the X address counter 36 and the Y address counter 35. The data of this threshold value matrix is also usually about 8 bits.

Assuming that this threshold data is Txy (X, y are matrix addresses) and the image data 31 is I, the comparator 32 outputs °“1” when ≧T xy, and 1 <
When T xy, "o" is output. These comparators 32
The output 40 (“1” or 0”) is input to the laser driver 38 to turn on/off the semiconductor laser 21.

The X address and Y address given to the threshold matrix 33 are generated by the pixel clock 37 and horizontal synchronization signal 34, respectively. Each component of the threshold matrix is taken out one by one using the pixel clock 37 and the horizontal synchronization signal 34, and is provided to the comparator 32 as threshold data.

<Threshold Matrix> FIG. 4 shows an example of data of the threshold matrix of the ROM 33. In this example, it is composed of an 8×8 matrix and four 4×4 sub-matrices, so that the data of the diagonal threshold matrices take the same value.

FIG. 5 shows an example of the output when the image data 31 changes from bright to B9 when the image is output using the threshold matrix shown in FIG. For convenience, L
=1 to 8 are called highlight parts. There are four 4x4 unit kernels (4x4 submatrices) in the 8x8 threshold matrix, and their output grows as the level increases, and at L = 8, it becomes a vertical line of 2 trees. Continuing as.

In this way, resolution is preserved by binarizing using four 4×4 submatrices, and gradation is also preserved by arranging four such submatrices. Furthermore, among the four submatrix elements, it is necessary to arrange the diagonal elements so that the threshold values are the same. Otherwise, for example, when L = 1, the output black dot will be Since there is only one dot in 8×8, the roughness is noticeable, but by making the diagonal components the same, the output dot pitch when L=1 is 4J2, and the roughness is not noticeable. Furthermore, by making the diagonal components the same and simultaneously blackening in the diagonal direction, the symmetry of the output image becomes better and there is also the effect of removing textured structure noise.

Characteristics of the threshold matrix> Characteristics of the output method when an image is output using the threshold matrix shown in Fig. 4 are as follows: ■: The highlight portions of both images are output as isolated dots; ■: The image data is of intermediate density. In some cases, it may be output as a vertical line screen. The above-mentioned features include (1) good gradation reproducibility, and (2) tolerance to reduction in mechanical precision of the printer.

That is, there is an advantage that the allowable range of intersection can be relaxed with respect to the surface tilt accuracy of the rotating polygon mirror of the scanner, the rotational drive accuracy of the photosensitive drum, and the mechanical vibration of the apparatus.

<Prevention of image quality deterioration in the vertical direction> The advantage of item (2) above will be explained. FIG. 6 shows the state of raster scanning by the scanning spot, and shows how the laser spot 42 performs heavy scanning of the raster 41 in the main scanning direction. Is there any problem if each raster 41 is recorded at the same pitch?
If there is uneven rotation of the photosensitive drum 12, mechanical vibration, etc., the scanning raster 41 fluctuates as shown by 41'. Figure 7A, Figure 7B
The figure shows this effect. In the case of the conventional dot concentration (fattening) type dithering method that outputs halftone dots, the grid pitch of the halftone dots is PI, as shown in Fig. 7A.
P2. P3, and in some parts the halftone dots overlap, resulting in image quality deterioration. On the other hand, in the method using the threshold matrix shown in FIG. 4 of this embodiment, the output dots extend in the vertical direction in the intermediate density region of the image, and the dots overlap in the vertical line, so the pitch fluctuation of the scanning raster As shown in FIG. 7B, there is no variation in the output pattern.

On the other hand, in the highlight area of the image (L = 1 to 7 in Figure 5), the density is low as isolated dots (areas where the size of the dots has not yet increased), although they are not yet connected as vertical lines. Therefore, even if pitch unevenness occurs, the dots of the two upper and lower rasters rarely overlap, contrary to the case of FIG. 7A. Moreover, even if they overlap, they are in a low concentration range, so they are hardly noticeable to the human eye.

FIG. 8 shows an embodiment in which the shape of the beam spot from the semiconductor laser 21 is improved in order to further improve the effect of (2). This laser spot 42 is long in the sub-scanning direction and has a circular shape. The laser spots are set to overlap at a regular pitch interval from one raster 41 to the next raster 41.

Note that the spot diameter at this time refers to 1/e2 of the beak power.

By doing this, even when the scanning pitch fluctuates to 41.41' (broken line) as shown in Figure 9, the overlapping portion of the laser spots is secured, and the recording line is on the 7th B. The diagram pattern is saved.

<Application to Multi-value Dithering> FIG. 10 shows an example of a threshold matrix when the present invention is applied to a multi-value dither method.

There are various methods for multi-value output, but in the wood embodiment, it is performed by pulse width modulation of laser lighting in the main scanning direction. In other words, by lighting the laser for a shorter pulse width corresponding to the middle of the pixel (referred to as a), an output with less blackened area can be obtained in terms of area, and multi-leveling can be achieved. be. The threshold matrix in FIG. 10 is 4
Two 3×3 submatrices are arranged according to the example shown in FIG. That is, each threshold value data in the diagonal direction is the same. Furthermore, in order to perform four-value conversion (including all white), one pixel width is made to correspond to three threshold values in the main scanning direction. FIGS. 11A to 11L show the results of processing and outputting image data of L=1 to L=54 using this threshold matrix.

Figures 12A to 12C show three different modes of pulse width modulation for quaternary output.
In Figures 2A to 12C, (a) shows the a/3 pulse width, (b) shows the 2a/3 pulse width), and (C) shows the pulse width signal equivalent to the 3a/3 pulse width. . However, a is the pixel size. Further, FIG. 12A shows a method of aligning the left side, and FIG. 12B shows a method of aligning the center.

The previously mentioned threshold matrix in Figure 4 could only express 33 tones, but by using the multi-valued image processing device and the threshold matrix in Figure 10, an additional 5 tones can be expressed.
It can be increased up to 5 gradations. That is, generally inside (
When gradation output is performed using this method with multiple A values using an MXM threshold matrix containing M/2)X (M/2) submatrices, the number of gradations is L. =M
It is represented by 2X −X (IL-1) + 1.

From this, in the case of the threshold matrix in FIG. 4, L=82X -X 1 + 1 = 33, and the 10th
In the threshold matrix shown in the figure, L=62X-X (4-1)+
1=55 is obtained.

<Multi-value conversion circuit> Three examples of a four-value conversion circuit will be described using FIGS. 13A to 13C.

FIG. 13A shows the circuit of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 extended to four-value conversion as it is, and the threshold value matrix applied to this circuit is composed of 18×6 as shown in FIG. 10. That is, a threshold matrix that is finely divided into one pixel in the pre-production direction is used. Therefore, the pixel clock in the X direction used in this circuit has a frequency three times higher than that in the Y direction, and differs from the embodiment in FIG. 1 in that a triple pixel clock 37' is used. This type of circuit records at high resolution in the main scanning direction, and requires a high pixel clock frequency. Therefore, in the case of high-speed printers, the higher 3
A double pixel clock is required, which increases costs.

Therefore, a circuit of a type that can be implemented using only one pixel clock is proposed in FIG. 13B. This circuit operates in parallel with circuits that output binary, ternary, and quaternary values in the case of a quaternary circuit, and synthesizes these three outputs. That is, among the components of the threshold value matrix in FIG. 10, the lowest value of the threshold value within one pixel is 4 values, and the component of the linear value is 3 values.

The highest threshold value is taken as a binary value, and each value is 6×
Create three matrices of 6. Add them to the dither R for binary
They are used in parallel as an OM33a, a 3-value dither ROM33b, and a 4-value dither ROM33c. The pulse width modulation circuits (PWM circuits) 52a to 52c are composed of, for example, one-shot multivibrators, and have pulse widths set in advance according to each multi-value level. The outputs from each level occur simultaneously and the one with the largest pulse width is taken by OR combiner 53.

In this way, VIDEO-011 pulse width modulated
A T signal 54 is obtained. A feature of this method is that when converting into k-value, a pixel clock signal of (fl-1) times is not required, and the cost of the circuit can be reduced. However, since the maximum pulse width is formed by the OR synthesizer 53, there is a drawback that the output as shown in (c) in FIGS. 12A to 12C cannot be produced.

Therefore, we further propose the circuit shown in FIG. 13C. This circuit includes a look-up table (LUT) 60, and this LUT
The T60 inputs the image data and the address data of the threshold matrix, and converts the coded parallel output data from the LUT 60 into the parallel/serial converter 6.
1 is a method in which serial data is coded and output.

This LUT 60 consists of a ROM and the like. For example, assume that the image data is 8° and the X and Y addresses indicate (1, 1) (ie, the upper left position of the threshold matrix). L.U.
The output from T60 is a 3-bit output, (11o)n(
a indicates a binary value). This (110
)B bit signal is converted into a 1-bit serial signal with M5B at the beginning by the parallel/serial converter 61 at the subsequent stage, and outputs 1→1→0. At this time, the output is output in synchronization with the triple pixel clock 37'.

The circuit scale of the LUT 60 will be explained. The manual address for LUT60 is 8 bits for the image data and 6 for the X and Y addresses of the threshold matrix (for a 6x6 matrix).
bits (3 bits from 0 to 5 in the X direction and 3 bits from 0 to 5 in the y direction, a total of 6 bits), so the total is 14 bits.
16 address space. Note that the output may be 2 bits if it is coated and output.

The three processing devices have been described above. The effect of image output by such a multi-value method is similar to that of the binary embodiment of FIG. 1.

<Moire suppression> Now, let's talk about the occurrence of moire fringes.

Moiré fringes occur when the original is a halftone photograph and dither output is performed. The periodicity of the halftone dots and the periodicity of the dither pattern cause a beat phenomenon, resulting in the occurrence of moire fringes. If the output dither pattern is dot-like, this moiré fringe will be
This results in a two-dimensional cross line as shown in FIG. 14A. However, if the dither pattern is a linear screen in only one direction, as in the example of FIG. 4 and the example of FIG. Moiré stripes appear. Therefore, from the human visual point of view, moire fringes in at least one of the sub-scanning directions are suppressed, and therefore appear to be attenuated to about 1/2 compared to the conventional example.

Furthermore, the angle at which a beat occurs is reduced to about 1/2, and the probability of occurrence is also reduced.

<Suppression of Moire in the Horizontal Direction> The threshold matrix shown in FIG. In the direction (lateral direction), there may also be a requirement for moiré suppression and high mechanical precision. Therefore, we propose a modified embodiment in which the doggy direction at the intermediate density of the threshold matrix shown in FIG. 4 is the main scanning (MA force direction). Then, the elements can be rearranged horizontally so as to be uniform.By doing so, it is possible to suppress moiré in the horizontal direction and reduce machine precision.

Application to Color Printing The above-mentioned FIGS. 1 to 14B show examples in which the present invention is applied to monochrome printing.

Next, an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to color printing will be described with reference to FIG. 15 and subsequent figures. That is, in this embodiment, in order to perform color printing, a threshold matrix having an "r-line screen" having a different angle for each color is used for the purpose of removing "color moiré" which will be described later. Because of the different angles, this line screen becomes a "diagonal" line screen. Therefore, in this embodiment, attention is paid to each of the above-mentioned colors, and by arranging the diagonal line screen in this diagonal direction, moiré caused by halftone images is suppressed in this direction. That is, as in the case of monochrome printing described above, by suppressing moire in the diagonal direction, the occurrence of moire is suppressed to at most one dimension.

<Configuration of Color Printing Apparatus> FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a color image recording apparatus to which the present invention is applied. In the same figure, Ila to lid are the third
This is a scanning optical system shown in the figure. The scanning optical system extracts required image information from an image memory, etc. (not shown) as a light beam (laser beam), and this light beam is colored cyan (C), magenta (M), (Y), black (
Photosensitive drums 12a to 12 arranged in parallel corresponding to BIl)
It is configured to be imaged on d. Developing devices 13a to 13d are arranged near the photosensitive drums 12a to 12d, and chargers 14a to 13d are arranged opposite to each of the photosensitive drums 12a to 12d on the side of a conveyor belt 17 (not shown) for conveying recording paper. 14d is provided. To explain the operation of the above configuration, the scanning optical systems 11a to 1
The modulated light beam output from 1d is applied to each photosensitive drum 1.
The optical image is formed on 2a to 12d, and then the formed image becomes an electrostatic latent image by an electrophotographic process, which is developed by developing devices 13a to 13d, and charged to chargers 14a to 14.
4d, each color is sequentially transferred onto the recording paper held on the conveying belt 17 to form a color image.

<Screen Angle Threshold Matrix> In color printing, each color is often output with different output patterns. This is because if the same output pattern is performed using the same threshold matrix for each color, the dots of each color may completely overlap due to, for example, differences in registration accuracy between the scanning optical systems, skewing, expansion and contraction of the paper, etc. It's relaxing, and it's juxtaposed to the opposite. As a result, so-called "color moiré" occurs, resulting in gradation unevenness, hue unevenness, etc., making it difficult to stably obtain a uniform hue. Therefore, in order to suppress the occurrence of moire fringes, the screen angles are made different for each color to push the moire frequency toward the high frequency side. However, in the dither method, since the number of pixels forming halftone dots is small, the obtained screen angle becomes a finite number of discrete values. Further, the halftone dot depth changes depending on the screen angle. Therefore, selecting an appropriate screen angle is important.

Therefore, we will explain how to create a threshold value 7 matrix that forms a uniform pattern of recorded dots and has an appropriate screen angle.

Now, let us consider the case where halftone dots having a screen angle are constructed by appropriately shifting and arranging basic cells consisting of pixels aXc. In order to give the screen angle, as shown in FIG. 16, the basic cells C and D are moved a,
Assume that they are arranged offset by b in the Y direction. In the figure, points g and g' indicate the same location in the basic cell. Further, the shape of the basic cells is not particularly limited to the rectangular shape of the axe described above, as long as they can be configured in a dense manner.

At this time, the arrangement of the basic cells is given by two basic vectors (also called unit vectors) U and V as follows.

・・・・・・・・・・・・(1) Here, since u・v=ab−ba=o, it can be seen that U and V are orthogonal. Further, the directions of U and V at this time indicate the direction of arrangement of basic cells.

If the two directions of such an array are alternately filled with basic cells C and D having two different threshold values, the first
The arrangement will be as shown in Figure 6.

(Appropriate Size of Square Matrix) Next, the size N of a square threshold matrix representing one period of halftone dots will be determined. Therefore, the two basic vectors P, Q4f, (6:7\,:)7b:b〒=( ...... ...(2) It is expressed as follows, and P-Q=O becomes Q over P.

In order to obtain a uniform grid pattern of halftone dots, consider an N×N square threshold matrix as shown in FIG. In order for the threshold value to have periodicity within this NxN square matrix, the threshold value at the corner point R of the square matrix and the threshold value X.

It is only necessary that the thresholds applied to the points S, T, and U, which are respectively advanced by N in the Y direction, have the same value. For that, mad (m
The minimum integer values m and n that satisfy P+nQ,N)=Q (0=(0,0)) need only exist.

N obtained from these m and n becomes the size of the threshold matrix from which a uniform pattern of recording dots can be obtained.

Now, if the threshold value is configured so that the R point and the 8 points in the X direction form one cycle, it can be easily proven that the T point and the U point also satisfy periodicity. Therefore, in order for point R and point 8 to be periodic, m P + n Q = S (However, S = (N, O)) (3) must be satisfied. Bye. Therefore, by substituting equation (2) into equation (3), m (l+v) +n (l-v) = Sm (
a+b, b-a)+n (a-b, a+b)=(N, o
) is obtained. And furthermore, (x) vine g(↓R):〒old:':::(fu) is obtained. From these formulas (4a) and (4b), m a tenth one = ...・・・・・・・・・
(5) Find the minimum integer values m and H that satisfy a-b. After that, this m
, n from equation (4a), the size N of the threshold matrix
is found.

Therefore, ・・・・・・・・・(6) However, LCM (X, Y) represents the least common multiple of X and Y.

FIG. 18 shows a=3. This shows the threshold matrix when b=1, and in this case, N=10 can be found from equation (6). The threshold values for the two basic cells A and B shown in FIG. 18 are determined in the same manner as in the case without the screen angle described above.

FIG. 19 shows the values of the basic cells of the threshold matrix forming a line screen using these two matrices A and B. By applying the above-mentioned IH method, 21 gray levels can be realized.

FIG. 20 shows the output cover pattern of the threshold value matrix of FIG. 19 when the image density level is L=6. The angle of the screen in this example is θ= j a n-'(1
/3) = exhibits a screen of 18.4 degrees.

Thus, even in the case of color, according to the above embodiment, (1): The highlight portions of both images are output as isolated dots, (2) When the image data is of intermediate density, it is output as a line screen with diagonal lines. 1. Good reproducibility of 02 gradation; 1. Tolerance of reduced machine precision of the printer; 2. Moiré caused by halftone images in the diagonal direction, which is the direction of the two-line screen, is suppressed; Effects such as suppressing the occurrence of moire can be obtained.

<Improvement> By the way, although this method of color image data processing is aimed at an oblique screen,
As seen at 0, the result is not a smooth diagonal line screen. In order to obtain a smooth screen angle, the following multi-value output is performed in this embodiment.

FIG. 21 explains this multilevel conversion, and for example, a=3. A state where b=1 is shown. Assuming that the multi-value level is ℃ (including all white), one pixel is considered to be divided into (1-1) parts and output, so in order to record as smoothly as possible from point K to point N. requires the following conditions. In addition, in FIG. 21, one pixel is (l-1
) The thin segments obtained by dividing into pixels are hereinafter referred to as "fine pixels." The condition is that bX(l-1
) minute pixels, so per -pixel, -X(,9'
-1) micropixels exist, and b - x (l = 1) = integer value (3K). Therefore, in order to be smooth, u = −X
K + 1 (7) (However, an integer ≧2) must be satisfied. This is shown in Figure 21 as a=3゜b=1
When applied to , the integer l becomes u=-XK+1 (K=1.2...)=4.7.
10. ... This means that it is necessary to satisfy the multivalue level.

The example in FIG. 21 shows a state where u=4, and the diagonally shaded fine pixels form a screen of θ-18, 4 degrees.

FIG. 22 shows the state of the threshold value of the basic cell according to the IH method when u=4, and shows how the diagonal line shown in FIG. 21 gradually becomes thicker. Of course, the size NXN of the entire threshold matrix is i o x +, o
It consists of a matrix of

FIG. 23 shows the structure of FIG. 22 reorganized in fine pixel units to make it easier to understand, and the basic cells are made of shapes resembling parallelograms. A similar argument is 1=7.10. It can also be applied in the case of .

Figure 24 summarizes the above discussion in a table. Based on the displacement vector u = (a, b), the threshold value matrix size N1, the screen angle θ, the number of pixels included in the basic cell No. The length lul of the displacement vector and the minimum three of the number of multivalue levels are shown.

The table shown in FIG. 24 makes it easy to set the specifications of the circuit. And each color of color output (Y, M, C, K)
Different line screen angles can be obtained for.

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, according to the image processing apparatus of the present invention, the resolution and gradation of images are maintained, and even in the data of halftone originals, the occurrence of moiré fringes is small, and the influence of the accuracy of the apparatus is reduced. This allows for fewer output methods to be provided.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit block diagram of an image processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams explaining a conventional example, and FIG. 3 shows the configuration of an optical system used in this embodiment. Figure 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of a threshold matrix used in a monochromatic embodiment; Figure 5 is a diagram showing an example of dots output by the threshold matrix in Figure 4; Figures 6 and 7A. , Fig. 7B, Fig. 8, and Fig. 9, respectively.
Figure 10 is a configuration diagram of a matrix when applied to multi-value threshold matrix in Figure 4. Figures 11A to 11L are output examples using the matrix in Figure 10. 12A (a) to (c) to 12C (a) to (c).
) are diagrams explaining different aspects in the case of ternarization, FIGS. 13A to 13C are diagrams showing examples of multi-value quantization circuits, FIG. 14A is a diagram illustrating generation of moiré according to the conventional example, and FIG. 14B Figure 15 is a diagram illustrating the state of moire suppression according to this embodiment, Figure 15 is a diagram showing the configuration of the output section of the embodiment for color images, and Figures 16 to 18 are diagrams illustrating the configuration of a threshold matrix with a screen angle. Figures 19 to 23 are diagrams explaining the generation method, Figures 19 to 23 are diagrams explaining the application of a threshold matrix with a screen angle to multivalue processing, and Figure 24 is a diagram explaining various modifications of the screen angle. . 1) "Iyako 1\ 1 □□□-1 ψ 1i Celebration Kubi Figure 10 L Yu 1 Shi 2 2 L
=31=4 L=5
1=6 Figure 11D Figure 1CE Figure 17F
Figure near °-"' L2 12th JIG Figure 1st old L=3OL=4 (Figure 11J Died in 77th "" L=+8 °゛°. Figure 1II) L=54 4 1st/L Figure 18 Figure JC Figure 20 Figure 1, -+ All Fishing Figure 21 Figure 23 Figure 22

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) It has a means for cutting out input image information into two-dimensional blocks, and a two-dimensional threshold matrix, and compares this threshold value with the image information of the two-dimensional block to binarize or convert the image information in the block. the threshold value in the threshold matrix is such that the higher the level of the image information, the more the binarization or multivalue conversion means outputs the image information as a discrete dot pattern. , if the image information is at an intermediate level,
An image processing apparatus characterized in that the binarization or multivalue conversion means are distributed so as to output the threshold value matrix as a continuous line screen in the vertical or horizontal direction. (2) The threshold matrix is composed of an M×N matrix, which is divided into (M/2)×(N/2) sub-matrices, and the threshold values in each diagonal sub-matrix are the same. The first claim characterized in that
The image processing device described in . (3) The threshold matrix is composed of a matrix of M×(l-1)·N, and the binarization or multi-value conversion means is arranged such that when the number of multi-value conversion is l, 2. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the image processing apparatus performs multi-value conversion even at a period of 1/1-1). (4) The threshold matrix is composed of an M×(l-1)·N matrix, and the binarization or multi-value conversion means is configured such that, when the number of multi-value conversion is l, (l-1) The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the image processing apparatus includes two binarization means.