JPS6330076B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to an apparatus for desalinating seawater, hard water, contaminated water, etc. using solar heat.

(Prior art) As a device for producing fresh water from seawater using solar heat, a seawater basin is placed inside a greenhouse having a gable-shaped, dome-shaped, or conical roof made of a transparent material such as a glass plate or a plastic sheet. death,
This seawater basin is irradiated with sunlight, and the greenhouse is filled with water vapor that evaporates due to solar heat. This condenses on the inner surface of the greenhouse roof and becomes water droplets, and these water droplets gradually grow larger, causing the slope of the roof to rise. It is known that the water flows down the surface and is placed at the bottom so that it is collected in the gutter (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-2428 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 152587-1987).

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, in all of the above-mentioned conventional desalination devices, the seawater basin is covered with a roof to form one sealed chamber, and the seawater is vaporized in this one sealed chamber. The vaporized steam condenses and liquefies on the inner surface of the roof and flows down along the inner surface of the roof, so some of the larger water droplets that condense on the inner surface of the roof fall onto the seawater basin and mix with seawater. Therefore, there was a problem in that the number of water droplets flowing down along the inner surface of the roof decreased, resulting in a decrease in the amount of water collected.

In this invention, by dividing the vaporization chamber where seawater is evaporated and the liquefaction chamber where steam is liquefied and water droplets are collected into two chambers that communicate with each other, water droplets generated by condensation of steam are released onto the seawater basin. To provide a desalination device that is relatively small in size and can produce a large amount of water, preventing water from falling into the water and mixing with seawater.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The desalination apparatus of the present invention has a box-shaped vaporization container 1 containing a seawater basin 3 and a bag-shaped liquefaction container 2 equipped with a freshwater storage chamber 12 at the bottom. connected to and integrally formed. That is, the vaporization container 1 is molded from a transparent plastic material, has an opening 1c at the rear end, and is formed into a relatively wide and low flat shape. On the other hand, the liquefaction container 2 is a bag-like thing made of plastic film, and has an opening 2a at the front end, and is made into a relatively narrow, flat shape that is long vertically. It is made to fit into the opening 1c at the rear end of the vaporization container 1. The vaporization container 1 and the liquefaction container 2 are connected in communication by fitting the openings 1c and 2a of both, and the top of the vaporization container 1 and the top of the liquefaction container 2 are formed on a gentle slope that continues upward. form.

(Function) When sunlight enters the seawater basin 3 through the ceiling of the vaporization container 1 made of transparent plastic material and the seawater basin 3 is heated by solar heat, the water in the seawater evaporates and becomes steam. The liquid rises, passes through the openings 1c and 2a along the top of the vaporization container 1, and further rises rearward and upward along the top of the liquefaction container 2, filling the liquefaction container 2. Since this liquefaction container 2 is formed into a flat bag shape with a narrow width and a long vertical length, the water vapor that fills the liquefaction container 2 is quickly cooled and turns into water droplets, which fall or flow into the freshwater storage chamber 12 below. do. In this case, since the liquid container 2 has a narrow width and a flat shape that is long vertically, its side wall is sloped nearly vertically, and water droplets adhering to the inner surface of the liquefaction container 2 quickly flow down into the fresh water storage chamber 12. do. Furthermore, when water droplets adhering to the inner surface of the top part fall freely, they fall directly into the fresh water storage chamber 12 since the lower part is the fresh water storage chamber 12.

(Example) The vaporization container 1 has a hollow box shape molded from a hard transparent plastic material, and has a downwardly curved part 1a at the front, an upwardly sloping part 1b at the top, and an opening 1 at the rear.
c. A bottom plate 1d of the seawater basin 3 is formed at the bottom. The liquefaction container 2 has a vertical hollow flat shape made of plastic film, has an opening 2a at the front that fits into the opening 1c of the evaporation container 1, an upwardly sloping section 2b at the top, and a rear and front lower part. A joint portion 2c extending downward is formed. A spine 4 made of hard plastic is fixed to the inner surface of the central part of the front end of the vaporization container 1, and its rearward protrusion extends along the inner surface of the top of the liquefaction container 2.
Several pairs of ribs 5 that open left and right are branched from the inner spine 4a and extend rearward and downward to the middle of the liquefaction container 2. Therefore, the shape of the vaporization container 1 is relatively low in height but wide, and the shape of the liquefaction container 2 is high in height but the width gradually becomes narrower toward the rear. A portion of the liquefaction container 2 below the ribs 5 can swing freely in the horizontal direction. In other words, vaporization container 1
It is goldfish-shaped, with the head and body of the goldfish being the head and body of a goldfish, and the liquefaction container 2 being the tail of the goldfish.

To explain the structure of the vaporization container 1 in more detail, the bottom of the vaporization container 1 is sealed with the bottom plate 1d of the seawater basin 3. The bottom of the seawater basin 3 is approximately circular or polygonal, with the front peripheral wall 3a being low and the rear peripheral wall 3b being high. A seawater supply pipe 6 that penetrates the bottom plate 1d opens at the center of the seawater basin 3, a seawater overflow pipe 7 that penetrates the bottom plate 1d opens at the front end of the seawater basin 3, and an opening 6a of the seawater supply pipe 6 opens for seawater overflow. It is higher than the opening 7a of the flow tube 7. A seawater overflow prevention wall 8 in the width direction is provided at the rear end of the bottom plate 1d of the seawater basin 3, and the seawater overflowing into the vaporization container 1 flows into the liquefaction container 2.
Prevents leakage to. In addition, gutters 9 are provided along the inner surface of the vaporization container 1 and are directed downward on both sides.
Both lower ends thereof are open to the liquefaction container 2 . In addition,
A pot 10 is attached to the vaporization container 1.

Next, to explain the structure of the liquefaction container in more detail, the lower part of the liquefaction container 2 forms a freshwater storage chamber 12 by a division line 11 that is melt-sealed in the front and back direction. Several freshwater holes 13 are opened leading to the . The bottom of the freshwater storage chamber 12 is connected to a freshwater collection pipe 15 through a soft pipe 14 such as a rubber pipe. Furthermore, a fin piece 16 made of soft plastic film is provided at the rear joint portion 2c of the liquefaction container 2 and the freshwater storage chamber 12.
This helps the liquefaction container 2 to swing from side to side when the wind blows.

In the above structure, seawater is supplied to the seawater basin 3 from the seawater supply pipe 6 and overflowed from the seawater overflow pipe 7, so that the water level in the seawater basin 3 is kept constant. The seawater in the seawater basin 3 is heated and evaporated by the solar heat irradiated on the upwardly inclined part 1b of the vaporizing vessel 1, and some of the water vapor is cooled on the upwardly inclined part 1b of the vaporizing vessel 1 and becomes water droplets and flows down. enters gutter 9 and liquefies container 2.
However, most of the water vapor rises along the upward slope 1b of the liquefaction vessel 1 and rises to the front bottom of the liquefaction vessel 2.
filled within. Since the liquefaction container 2 is swung left and right by the wind, the inner surface of the liquefaction container 2 is at a relatively low temperature, and the water vapor filling the liquefaction container 2 is quickly cooled down and becomes water droplets. It falls along the inner surface, enters the freshwater storage chamber 12 from the partition line 11 through the freshwater hole 13, and is further discharged from the freshwater collection pipe 15 through the soft pipe 14. In this example,
Most of the water that evaporated from the seawater basin 3 is cooled in the liquefaction container 2 and becomes water droplets, and these water droplets are formed because the side walls of the liquefaction container 2 are almost vertical and the liquefaction container 2 is rocking from side to side. It is easy to twist and fall. Further, the fresh water stored in the fresh water storage chamber 12 does not backflow into the liquefaction container 2 and evaporate because there is a division line 11 at the upper part and the fresh water hole 13 provided in the division line 11 is narrow.

The number of tips provided in the vaporization container 1 of the above example is 10.
are used for various functions, such as water supply ports for internal flushing,
It is used for finding damaged parts of containers by pressurizing air, vibrating the film of liquefaction containers, and applying pressure to promote liquefaction.

In the above embodiment, the vaporizer container 1 is molded from hard plastic, but the vaporizer container 1 is not limited to the above materials, and may be made from a plastic film or a flexible plastic sheet. In this case, in order to stabilize the shape of the vaporization container 1, ribs 5 are also attached to the spine 4 inside the vaporization container 1.
It is preferable to add .

The inner surface of the seawater basin 3 is preferably black in order to easily absorb solar heat, and the liquefaction container 2 is preferably milky white in order to promote reflection of solar heat and reduce temperature rise.

Further, in the above embodiment, the partition line 11 provided at the lower part of the liquefaction container 2 may be omitted.

The cylinder provided at the bottom of the bottom plate 1d in FIG. 1 is a sand container 17 filled with sand, through which the seawater supply pipe 6 passes. Since the sand container 17 is heated and retained by solar heat irradiation, the seawater in the seawater supply pipe 6 is preheated, and even after sunset, the sand container 17 continues to operate temporarily due to the heat retention. be able to.

Although the basic desalination apparatus of the above embodiment has been described, various modifications can be made to improve the desalination efficiency. For example, the vaporization vessel can be enlarged and two liquefaction vessels can be placed symmetrically on either side of it. In addition, by hanging strips of plastic film from the spine and ribs of the liquefaction container, or by arranging three spines of the liquefaction container in parallel and hanging strips of plastic film, the water vapor inside the liquefaction container can be liquefied. By increasing the area, the liquefaction efficiency can be further improved.

In order to put the desalination apparatus of this invention into practical use, several desalination apparatuses are arranged as shown in FIG.
Connect the seawater overflow pipe 7 from the first device (right end) to the second
While the seawater is connected as the seawater supply pipe 6 of the device and sequentially condenses seawater, the freshwater collection pipes 15 from each device can be collected together into one, and the seawater supply pipes 6 of each device can be connected to each other and seawater can be overflowed. The flow tubes 7 can be connected in parallel. Moreover, several sets of the above-mentioned desalination devices arranged in a planar manner can be arranged in stages to increase the size.

(Effect of the invention) This invention vaporizes water in a vaporization container, moves the vapor to a liquefaction container behind the vaporization container and liquefies it, and the obtained fresh water falls or flows into a freshwater storage chamber at the bottom of the liquefaction container. In other words, vaporization and liquefaction are carried out in separate containers for vaporization and liquefaction, which are lined up in front and behind each other, so almost all of the vaporized vapor can be desalinated and collected, and the resulting fresh water There is no waste of water returning to the seawater basin and mixing with seawater. In order to move the steam from the vaporization container to the liquefaction container, the top of the container is tilted upward and the rising action of the steam is used, so external energy is not required and operating costs are low. In addition, since the liquefaction container is a plastic film bag with a narrow width and a long vertical length, heat exchange with the outside air is easy, and the vapor is quickly liquefied. Therefore, although the structure is simple, water sampling efficiency is significantly improved, and a large amount of fresh water can be obtained from seawater at low cost.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cutaway side view of an embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 is a horizontal cutaway plan, Figure 3 is a front view, Figure 4 is a front view, and Figure 4 is a front view.
The figure is a perspective view, and FIG. 5 is a plan view showing how the array is used in the above embodiment. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Vaporization container, 1b... Upward slope, 1c... Opening, 2... Liquefaction container, 2a... Opening, 2b... Upward slope, 2c... Joint, 3... Seawater basin, 4... Backbone, 5
...rib, 11...compartment line, 12...freshwater storage chamber, 13...
Freshwater holes, 16...fin pieces.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A box-shaped evaporation container made of transparent plastic material and containing a built-in seawater basin, and a bag-shaped liquefaction container made of plastic film and equipped with a freshwater storage chamber at the bottom are integrated. The vaporization container has an opening at the rear end and is formed into a relatively wide and low flat shape, and the liquefaction container fits into the opening at the rear end of the vaporization container. The vaporization container and the liquefaction container are connected in a communicating manner by fitting the openings of the two, and the top of the vaporization container and the liquefaction container are formed into a flat shape with a relatively narrow width and long vertically. A desalination device characterized in that the top of the container forms a gentle slope that continues upward. 2. The desalination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the top of the liquefaction container is supported by a spine along the inner surface of the liquefaction container. 3. The freshwater storage chamber of the liquefaction container is formed by a division line that partitions the liquefaction container into an upper and lower part, and the upper and lower parts are communicated through a freshwater hole provided in the division line, according to claim 1 or 2. Desalination equipment.