JPS6328867B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6328867B2 JPS6328867B2 JP58020450A JP2045083A JPS6328867B2 JP S6328867 B2 JPS6328867 B2 JP S6328867B2 JP 58020450 A JP58020450 A JP 58020450A JP 2045083 A JP2045083 A JP 2045083A JP S6328867 B2 JPS6328867 B2 JP S6328867B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- dust
- concrete
- spraying
- preventive agent
- spraying method
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- -1 sulfate ester salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 7
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical class C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008431 aliphatic amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 229920003174 cellulose-based polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940105990 diglycerin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)CO GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004079 fireproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Description
本発明は、モルタル、およびコンクリートの吹
付け工事、およびセメント、石膏等の水硬性無機
結合材を用いる吹付け工事の施工時に発生する粉
じんを防止するための新規な粉じん防止剤に関す
る。
モルタル吹付けは、のり面防護、ライニング等
に、コンクリート吹付けは、のり面防護、トンネ
ルの一次覆工などに多く用いられている。また、
セメント、石膏等の水硬性無機結合材を用いるそ
の他の吹付け工事としては、ロツクウール等の耐
火材や他の軽量骨材と、セメント、石膏等の水硬
性無機結合材、および水からなる配合組成物を吹
付ける耐火壁、耐火被覆材等の吹付け工事があ
る。
これらの吹付け工事では、セメント、石膏、ロ
ツクウール、あるいは必要に応じて使用される急
結剤（主成分、炭酸ソーダ、アルミン酸ソーダ、
ケイ酸ソーダ等）等の無機材料の微細な粒子ある
いは繊維が吹付け施工時に飛散することにより大
量の粉じんが発生する。
吹付けコンクリートには一般に型わくを省略
できる、急速施工が可能である、作業の省力
化ができる、などの長所がある。このため、最近
新しいトンネル工法として、掘削後直ちに地山表
面にコンクリートを吹付けて地山の崩壊を防ぐと
ともに、ロツクボルトを打ち込んで岩盤を支持す
るNATM（New Austrian Tunnelling Method）
の適用がわが国でも最近本格化してきている。コ
ンクリート吹付け工法には、水以外の材料（セメ
ント、骨材、急結剤等）を混合したドライミツク
スを水と別系統で圧送し、吹付けホース先端のノ
ズル付近で水と合流、混合したものを施工面に吹
付ける乾式方式と、急結剤を除く全部の材料をミ
キサで練りまぜたコンクリートをノズルへ送り、
ノズル付近で急結剤を添加混合した後、施工面に
吹付ける湿式方式とがある。
乾式方式は、施工されるコンクリートの配合が
ノズル部で供給される水量によつて変化するこ
と、すなわちコンクリートの品質がある程度ノズ
ルマンの技術によつて左右されるという制約もあ
るが、施工設備が比較的簡単なこと、圧送距離を
長くできること、急結剤の添加も比較的容易であ
ること、等の長所があり、トンネル工事における
吹付けに用いられている。また、湿式方式に関し
ては、従来、圧送距離をあまり長くできないこ
と、急結剤の使用が困難であること等の理由か
ら、主に法面防護などの明り工事に多く用いられ
ていたが、最近これらの問題も解決し品質の安定
したコンクリートを、取り扱いが簡単で、吐出能
力が比較的大きい吹付け機で施工する新しい技術
が開発されトンネル工事への適用も本格的となり
つつある。
しかし、これらの吹付けコンクリート工法で
は、施工時に発生する粉じんが作業環境上の問題
点のひとつとされており、しかもトンネル工事で
は、その低減を計り作業環境を改善するための換
気設備を設置する等の対策がまだ必ずしも十分で
ないのが実状である。この粉じんは乾式方式の場
合、セメント、骨材、急結剤のドライミツクスが
ノズル付近で水と混合されるため、ドライミツク
スと水の接触が不完全のまま吹付けられ「濡れ」
の不十分な微細なセメント粒子等が飛散して発生
するものと考えられる。一方湿式方式の場合、粉
じんの発生は乾式に対して一般的には比較的少な
く、これは粉体としてのセメントが存在しないこ
とが主な要因と考えられるが、セメントペースト
の一部がノズルからの吐出の際に微小な霧状の粒
子となつて飛散すること、また、急結剤が粉末で
ある場合には、その一部がコンクリートと十分に
混合されないまま、吐出して飛散すること等の現
象があげられる。
近年、これら粉じんの問題を解決するために、
セルロース系高分子化合物等の増粘剤をコンクリ
ートに添加することによつてコンクリートそのも
のの粘性を増加し、吹付け時の微細粒子の分離飛
散を防止しようとの試みが行われている。しか
し、これら増粘剤系の粉じん防止剤は、粉じん量
を減少させることはできるものの、コンクリート
の粘稠性を増加させるため施工の際のワーカビリ
チーの低下を生ずる場合がある。すなわち、乾式
方式においては、コンクリートの粘稠性増加によ
りノズル部での閉塞が起こりやすくなる等の問題
がある。また、生コンクリートを圧送する湿式方
式では、圧送時の負荷がいちじるしく増大するこ
とがある。
さらにこれら増粘剤系の粉じん防止剤は、高分
子量の化合物であるために水への溶解性が悪く、
溶解に長時間を要する等取扱上の欠点がある。し
かも、水への溶解の手間を省くために粉末状のま
ま、セメント、骨材等のドライミツクス中にあら
かじめ混合して使用すると、その溶解性の悪さの
ために効果が十分に発揮されない場合があるとい
う問題もある。
本発明の目的は、コンクリートの粘稠性を実質
的に増加させることがなく、したがつて、圧送ホ
ース、ノズル等での閉塞や、コンクリートのワー
カビリチーの低下による吹付施工の作業効率低下
をひきおこすことなく、乾式方式にも湿式方式に
も適用できる新規な粉じん防止剤を提供すること
にある。
また、本発明の他の目的は容易に水に溶解する
ために、従来の増粘剤系の粉じん防止剤に比較し
て取扱いが極めて簡便で作業効率のよい粉じん防
止剤を提供することにある。
すなわち、本発明の粉じん防止剤は、ポリエチ
レングリコール型非イオン界面活性剤、およびそ
の硫酸エステル塩から選ばれる１種以上の界面活
性剤の必須成分として含有することを特徴とす
る。本発明の粉じん防止剤は、上記界面活性剤の
みでも実質的に十分な粉じん防止効果を発揮する
ものであるが、さらに必要に応じて、グリセリ
ン、ジグリセリン、トリグリセリン、エチレング
リコール、プロピレングリコール、ポリエチレン
グリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、ポリビ
ニルアルコール等の多価アルコール類とポリアク
リルアミド、およびその部分加水分解物からなる
群から選ばれる１種以上の化合物を配合すること
により、その粉じん防止効果をさらに向上させる
ことがでる。
本発明の粉じん防止剤において、ポリエチレン
グリコール型非イオン界面活性剤、およびその硫
酸エステル塩からなる界面活性剤は、湿潤、浸透
効果等の界面活性作用により、吹付け施工時に粉
じん源となる無機鉱物質微粒子等の水への濡れ性
を改善し、他の群から選ばれる化合物は、分子中
に保有する親水基により同微粒子の保水性を向上
する。これにより、当該微粒子が吹付け施工時に
水との接触、混合が不十分なことにより発生する
粉じんを防止する。
ポリエチレングリコール型非イオン界面活性
剤、およびその硫酸エステル塩としては、それぞ
れ下記一般式で示される。
(1) 高級アルコールのエチレンオキサイド付加
物、およびその硫酸エステル塩
Ｒ−Ｏ（−CH2−CH2−Ｏ）−oＸ
(2) アルキルフエノールエチレンオキサイド付加
物、およびその硫酸エステル塩
(3) 脂肪酸エチレンオキサイド付加物、およびそ
の硫酸エステル塩
Ｒ−COO（−CH2−CH2−Ｏ）−oＸ
(4) 高級アルキルアミンエチレンオキサイド付加
物、およびその硫酸エステル塩
(5) 脂肪族アミドのエチレンオキサイド付加物、
およびその硫酸エステル塩
(6) ポリプロピレングリコール・エチレンオキサ
イド付加物およびその硫酸エステル塩
（ここでＲは、炭素数８〜25の飽和および未飽
和炭化水素基、ｌ、ｍ、ｎは１〜50の整数、
Ｘ、X′はＨまたは−SO3Mで、ＭはNa、Ｋ等
のアルカリ金属およびNH4）
の他、多価アルコールの脂肪酸エステル・エチレ
ンオキサイド付加物、油脂のエチレンオキサイド
付加物、およびそれらの硫酸エステル塩等があげ
られる。
また、他の群を構成する化合物のうち、ポリエ
チレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、
ポリビニルアルコール、ポリアクリルアミドおよ
びその部分加水分解物等のポリマー類は、実際使
用添加量でコンクリートの粘性を増加させないこ
とが好ましく、この面で分子量の上限が制限され
る。分子量は、個々の化合物、および実際の使用
添加量により異なるが、一般的には、数十万以
下、より好ましくは十万以下が望ましい。
前記界面活性剤と、他の群から選ばれる化合物
との配合割合は、一般的には10：０〜１：９、よ
り好ましくは9.5：0.5〜５：５である。
本発明の粉じん防止剤の使用方法は、乾式工法
においては、コンクリート吹付け用添加水に、湿
式工法においては、コンクリート練りまぜ水にあ
らかじめ所定量を添加しておいてもよく、また、
それらの給水ポンプと連動させた定量注入ポンプ
により、給水ラインに所定量を連続注入してもよ
い。
本発明の粉じん防止剤の添加量は、通常、吹付
けコンクリートのセメント重量に対して0.01〜５
％、より好ましくは0.05〜1.0％である。５％を
大巾に越える添加は、コンクリートの凝結および
強度発現に悪影響を与えるので好ましくない。
本発明の粉じん防止剤は、通常使用される添加
量の範囲において、粉じん発生を防止し、しかも
吹付けコンクリートに使用される急結剤の効果を
そこなうことなく、硬化したコンクリートの強度
を実用上に問題になる程低下させることもない。
以下、実施例により本発明を説明する。
実施例１〜４、比較例１
本発明の粉じん防止剤を、乾式のコンクリート
吹付け工法に適用し、コンクリート吹付け時の粉
じん発生量を粉じん防止剤無添加の場合と比較し
た。
後記表−１に示す配合にしたがい計量、混合し
たセメントと骨材（細骨材、粗骨材）のドライミ
ツクスを吹付け機に供給し、吹付け機より吐出圧
約3.5Kg／cm2で空気圧送した。吹付けノズルの手
前約３ｍのところで、別に高圧ポンプにより送ら
れてきた、所定量の液体急結剤と粉じん防止剤を
含む水を添加し、混合物を吹付けノズルより旋工
面に吹付けた。
コンクリート吹付け時に発生する粉じん量は、
吹付けノズルからの距離約５ｍの位置でデジタル
粉じん計により測定した。測定は吹付け開始時よ
り終了時まで２分間隔で行なつた。１回のコンク
リートの吹付け量は約１m3、所要時間は約15分で
あつた。
粉じん量測定の他に、粉じん防止剤添加がコン
クリートに与える影響をみるために、パネル型わ
く（50×50×20cm）にコンクリートを吹付け、硬
化後JISに従つて円柱形コア供試体（φ7.5cm）を
切取り、材令28日で圧縮強度試験を行なつた。
粉じん量測定結果、および吹付けコンクリート
の強度試験の結果は表−２に示す通りであり、本
発明の粉じん防止剤を用いることにより粉じんの
発生を大巾に抑制できることが明らかである。し
かも、本発明の粉じん防止剤を用いても旋工上問
題となるような顕著なコンクリートの凝結遅延お
よび強度の低下は認められなかつた。
The present invention relates to a novel dust preventive agent for preventing dust generated during spraying work of mortar and concrete, and spraying work using hydraulic inorganic binders such as cement and gypsum. Mortar spraying is often used for slope protection, lining, etc., and concrete spraying is often used for slope protection, primary lining of tunnels, etc. Also,
For other spraying work using hydraulic inorganic binders such as cement and gypsum, a mixture composition consisting of fireproofing materials such as rock wool or other lightweight aggregates, hydraulic inorganic binders such as cement and gypsum, and water is used. There is spraying work for fireproof walls, fireproof coatings, etc. In these spraying works, cement, gypsum, rock wool, or quick-setting agents used as necessary (main ingredients: soda carbonate, sodium aluminate,
A large amount of dust is generated when fine particles or fibers of inorganic materials such as sodium silicate (sodium silicate, etc.) are scattered during spraying. Shotcrete generally has the advantages of omitting molds, rapid construction, and labor-saving work. For this reason, a new tunnel construction method has recently been developed called NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method), which sprays concrete on the ground surface immediately after excavation to prevent the ground from collapsing, and also supports the rock by driving rock bolts.
Recently, the application of this technology has been gaining momentum in Japan. The concrete spraying method involves pumping dry mixes mixed with materials other than water (cement, aggregate, quick-setting agents, etc.) through a separate system from the water, and combining and mixing with the water near the nozzle at the end of the spray hose. The dry method sprays the concrete onto the construction surface, and the concrete mixed with all the materials except the quick setting agent in a mixer is sent to the nozzle.
There is a wet method in which a quick-setting agent is added and mixed near the nozzle and then sprayed onto the construction surface. The dry method has the limitation that the mix of concrete to be applied changes depending on the amount of water supplied at the nozzle, that is, the quality of the concrete depends to some extent on the technique of the nozzleman, but the construction equipment is comparatively It is used for spraying in tunnel construction because it has the advantages of being simple to use, allowing long pumping distances, and being relatively easy to add quick-setting agents. In addition, the wet method has traditionally been mainly used for lighting work such as slope protection because the distance of pressure cannot be extended very long and it is difficult to use quick-setting agents. A new technology has been developed that solves these problems and allows concrete of stable quality to be applied using a spray machine that is easy to handle and has a relatively large discharge capacity, and its application to tunnel construction is becoming widespread. However, with these shotcrete construction methods, the dust generated during construction is considered to be a problem in the working environment, and in tunnel construction, ventilation equipment must be installed to reduce dust and improve the working environment. The reality is that such measures are still not necessarily sufficient. In the case of the dry method, this dust is sprayed with the dry mix of cement, aggregate, and quick-setting agent mixed with water near the nozzle, causing incomplete contact with the water, resulting in "wetting".
It is thought that this is caused by the scattering of fine cement particles, etc., which are insufficient. On the other hand, in the case of the wet method, dust generation is generally relatively low compared to the dry method, and this is thought to be mainly due to the absence of cement in the form of powder, but some of the cement paste escapes from the nozzle. When the concrete is discharged, it becomes fine mist-like particles and scatters. Also, if the quick-setting agent is powder, some of it is discharged and scattered without being sufficiently mixed with the concrete. The following phenomena can be mentioned. In recent years, in order to solve these dust problems,
Attempts have been made to increase the viscosity of concrete by adding thickeners such as cellulose-based polymer compounds to concrete to prevent the separation and scattering of fine particles during spraying. However, although these thickener-based dust preventive agents can reduce the amount of dust, they may increase the viscosity of concrete, resulting in a decrease in workability during construction. That is, in the dry method, there are problems such as the increase in the viscosity of the concrete, which makes the nozzle part more likely to become clogged. In addition, in the wet method of pumping fresh concrete, the load during pumping may increase significantly. Furthermore, these thickener-based dust preventive agents have poor solubility in water because they are high molecular weight compounds.
There are disadvantages in handling, such as the long time it takes to dissolve. Moreover, if the powder is mixed in advance into dry mixes such as cement or aggregates to save the trouble of dissolving it in water, its effects may not be fully demonstrated due to its poor solubility. There is also the problem. The purpose of the present invention is to prevent the viscosity of concrete from increasing substantially, thereby causing blockages in pressure hoses, nozzles, etc., and a decrease in the work efficiency of spraying construction due to a decrease in the workability of concrete. The object of the present invention is to provide a new dust preventive agent that can be applied to both dry and wet methods. Another object of the present invention is to provide a dust preventive agent that is easily soluble in water and is therefore extremely easy to handle and has high work efficiency compared to conventional thickener-based dust preventive agents. . That is, the dust preventive agent of the present invention is characterized in that it is contained as an essential component of one or more surfactants selected from polyethylene glycol type nonionic surfactants and sulfate ester salts thereof. The dust prevention agent of the present invention exhibits a substantially sufficient dust prevention effect even with the above-mentioned surfactant alone, but if necessary, it may also contain glycerin, diglycerin, triglycerin, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, Further improve the dust prevention effect by blending one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of polyhydric alcohols such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, and partially hydrolyzed products thereof. comes out. In the dust preventive agent of the present invention, the polyethylene glycol type nonionic surfactant and its sulfate ester salt surfactant has surface active effects such as wetting and penetrating effects, and the inorganic minerals that are a source of dust during spraying work. Compounds selected from other groups improve the water retentivity of fine particles due to the hydrophilic groups they have in their molecules. This prevents dust generated due to insufficient contact and mixing of the fine particles with water during spraying construction. The polyethylene glycol type nonionic surfactant and its sulfate ester salt are each represented by the following general formula. (1) Ethylene oxide adducts of higher alcohols and their sulfuric ester salts R-O(-CH 2 -CH 2 -O)- o X (2) Alkylphenol ethylene oxide adducts and their sulfuric ester salts (3) Fatty acid ethylene oxide adduct and its sulfuric ester salt R-COO(-CH 2 -CH 2 -O)- o X (4) Higher alkylamine ethylene oxide adduct and its sulfuric ester salt (5) ethylene oxide adduct of aliphatic amide;
and its sulfate ester salts (6) Polypropylene glycol/ethylene oxide adduct and its sulfate ester salt (Here, R is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 8 to 25 carbon atoms, l, m, and n are integers of 1 to 50,
X, X' are H or -SO 3 M, M is an alkali metal such as Na or K, and NH 4 ), fatty acid ester/ethylene oxide adducts of polyhydric alcohols, ethylene oxide adducts of fats and oils, and Examples include sulfate ester salts of In addition, among the compounds constituting other groups, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol,
It is preferable that polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, and partially hydrolyzed products thereof do not increase the viscosity of concrete in the amounts actually used, and the upper limit of the molecular weight is limited in this respect. Although the molecular weight varies depending on the individual compound and the amount actually used, it is generally desirable to be several hundred thousand or less, more preferably one hundred thousand or less. The mixing ratio of the surfactant and the compound selected from other groups is generally 10:0 to 1:9, more preferably 9.5:0.5 to 5:5. The dust preventive agent of the present invention may be used in advance by adding a predetermined amount to the concrete spraying water in the dry construction method, or to the concrete mixing water in the wet construction method.
A predetermined amount may be continuously injected into the water supply line by a metering pump linked to those water supply pumps. The amount of the dust preventive agent of the present invention added is usually 0.01 to 5% based on the cement weight of shotcrete.
%, more preferably 0.05 to 1.0%. Addition of more than 5% is undesirable since it adversely affects the setting and strength development of concrete. The dust preventive agent of the present invention prevents the generation of dust within the range of the amount normally used, and also improves the strength of hardened concrete to a practical level without impairing the effect of quick setting agents used in shotcrete. It does not decrease to the extent that it becomes a problem. The present invention will be explained below with reference to Examples. Examples 1 to 4, Comparative Example 1 The dust preventive agent of the present invention was applied to a dry concrete spraying method, and the amount of dust generated during concrete spraying was compared with that when no dust preventive agent was added. A dry mix of cement and aggregate (fine aggregate, coarse aggregate), weighed and mixed according to the formulation shown in Table 1 below, is supplied to the spraying machine, and the air is pumped through the spraying machine at a discharge pressure of approximately 3.5Kg/ cm2 . did. About 3 m in front of the spray nozzle, a predetermined amount of water containing a liquid quick-setting agent and a dust preventive agent, which was separately sent by a high-pressure pump, was added, and the mixture was sprayed onto the lathe surface from the spray nozzle. The amount of dust generated during concrete spraying is
The dust was measured using a digital dust meter at a distance of about 5 m from the spray nozzle. Measurements were taken at 2 minute intervals from the start of spraying to the end. The amount of concrete sprayed at one time was about 1 m 3 and the time required was about 15 minutes. In addition to measuring the amount of dust, in order to see the effect of adding a dust preventive agent on concrete, concrete was sprayed onto a panel type frame (50 x 50 x 20 cm), and after curing, a cylindrical core specimen (φ7 .5cm) was cut out and a compressive strength test was conducted at 28 days old. The results of measuring the amount of dust and the strength test of shotcrete are shown in Table 2, and it is clear that the dust generation can be greatly suppressed by using the dust preventive agent of the present invention. Furthermore, even when the dust preventive agent of the present invention was used, no significant concrete setting delay or decrease in strength, which would cause problems in turning, was observed.
【表】
＊ 液体急結剤
[Table] * Liquid quick setting agent
【表】
実施例５〜８ 比較例２
NATMで施工され、湿式でコンクリート吹付
けが行なわれている某山岳トンネル工事で、本発
明の粉じん防止剤を湿式吹付け工法に適用し、コ
ンクリート吹付け時の粉じん発生量を、粉じん防
止剤無添加の場合と比較した。
後記表−３に示す配合に従い計量されたセメン
ト、骨材（砂、砂利）および所定量の混和剤（流
動化剤）と粉じん防止剤を含有した水を連続練り
ミキサーで練りまぜ、生コンクリートとして吹付
け機に供給した。吹付け機より吐出圧約4.5Kg／
cm2で空気圧送したコンクリートに、吹付けノズル
付近で、別に空気圧送した粉末急結剤を添加混合
し、吹付けノズルより施工面に吹付けた。
コンクリート吹付け時に発生する粉じん量は、
吹付けノズルからの距離約５ｍの位置でデジタル
粉じん計により測定した。測定は、吹付け開始時
より終了時まで５分間隔で行なつた。１回の吹付
けの所要時間は、約30分、コンクリートの吹付け
量は、約2.5m3である。
粉じん量測定の他に粉じん防止剤添加のコンク
リートに与える影響をみるために、パネル型わく
（50×50×20cm）にコンクリートを吹付け、硬化
後、円柱形コア供試体（φ7.5cm）を切取り、材令
28日で圧縮強度試験を行なつた。
粉じん量測定結果および吹付けコンクリートの
強度試験の結果は、表−４に示す通りであり、湿
式吹付け工法においても、本発明の粉じん防止剤
を用いることにより、粉じんの発生を大巾に抑制
できることが明らかである。しかも、本発明の粉
じん防止剤を用いても、施工上問題となるような
顕著なコンクリートの凝結遅延および強度の低下
は認められなかつた。[Table] Examples 5 to 8 Comparative Example 2 In a certain mountain tunnel construction project conducted by NATM, where wet concrete spraying was carried out, the dust preventive agent of the present invention was applied to the wet spraying method, and concrete spraying was carried out. The amount of dust generated was compared with that when no dust inhibitor was added. Cement, aggregate (sand, gravel), and water containing a predetermined amount of admixture (plasticizer) and dust preventive agent, measured according to the formulation shown in Table 3 below, are mixed in a continuous mixer to form ready-mixed concrete. Supplied to the spray machine. Discharge pressure from the spray machine is approximately 4.5Kg/
A powder quick-setting agent, which was separately air-fed, was added and mixed near the spray nozzle to the concrete air-fed at cm2 , and the mixture was sprayed onto the construction surface from the spray nozzle. The amount of dust generated during concrete spraying is
Measurements were made using a digital dust meter at a distance of approximately 5 m from the spray nozzle. Measurements were carried out at 5 minute intervals from the start of spraying to the end of spraying. The time required for one shotcrete is approximately 30 minutes, and the amount of concrete sprayed is approximately 2.5m 3 . In addition to measuring the amount of dust, in order to see the effect of adding a dust preventive agent on concrete, concrete was sprayed onto a panel-shaped frame (50 x 50 x 20 cm), and after curing, a cylindrical core specimen (φ7.5 cm) was placed. Cutting, material order
A compressive strength test was conducted after 28 days. The results of measuring the amount of dust and the strength test of shotcrete are shown in Table 4. Even in the wet spraying method, the dust generation can be greatly suppressed by using the dust preventive agent of the present invention. It is clear that it can be done. Furthermore, even when the dust preventive agent of the present invention was used, no significant concrete setting delay or decrease in strength, which would cause problems during construction, was observed.
【表】
＊ 粉末急結剤
[Table] * Powder quick setting agent
【表】
実施例９、比較例３〜４
本発明の粉じん防止剤を乾式のコンクリート吹
付け工法に適用し、コンクリート吹付け時の粉じ
ん発生量を粉じん防止剤無添加の場合、及び粉じ
ん防止剤としてポリアクリルアミドの部分加水分
解物を使用した場合と比較した。
後記表−５に示す配合に従い計量、混合したセ
メントと骨材（細骨材、粗骨材）のドライミツク
スを吹付け機に供給し、吹付け機より吐出圧約
3.3Kg／cm2で空気圧送した。粉末急結剤はドライ
ミツクスを吹付け機に搬送するべルトコンベア上
で散布混合し、水は吹付けノズル手前約３cmのと
ころで高圧ポンプにより添加し、混合物を吹付け
ノズルより施工面に吹付けた。
コンクリート吹付け時に発生する粉じん量は、
吹付けノズルからの距離約５ｍの位置で、デジタ
ル粉じん計により測定した。測定は吹付け開始時
より終了時まで行い、粉じん量は、１分間の積算
値（ｃ・ｐ・ｍ）の平均値として後記表−６に示
した。１回のコンクリートの吹付け量は0.75m3、
所要時間は約12分であつた。[Table] Example 9, Comparative Examples 3 to 4 The dust preventive agent of the present invention was applied to a dry concrete spraying method, and the amount of dust generated during concrete spraying was calculated when no dust preventive agent was added, and when the dust preventive agent was not added. A comparison was made with the case where a partial hydrolyzate of polyacrylamide was used. A dry mixture of cement and aggregate (fine aggregate, coarse aggregate), which is measured and mixed according to the formulation shown in Table 5 below, is supplied to the spraying machine, and the discharge pressure from the spraying machine is approximately
It was pneumatically delivered at 3.3Kg/cm 2 . The powder quick-setting agent was sprinkled and mixed on a belt conveyor that conveys dry mixes to a spray machine, water was added using a high-pressure pump approximately 3 cm in front of the spray nozzle, and the mixture was sprayed onto the construction surface from the spray nozzle. The amount of dust generated during concrete spraying is
Measurements were made using a digital dust meter at a distance of approximately 5 m from the spray nozzle. Measurements were carried out from the start of spraying to the end of spraying, and the amount of dust was shown in Table 6 below as the average value of integrated values (c·p·m) for 1 minute. The amount of concrete sprayed at one time is 0.75m 3 ,
The time required was approximately 12 minutes.
【表】【table】
【表】【table】
Claims (1)
剤、およびその硫酸エステル塩から選ばれる１種
以上の界面活性剤を含むことを特徴とする、セメ
ント、石膏等の水硬性無機結合剤を用いる吹付け
工法用粉じん防止剤。 ２ 吹付け工法が、モルタル、コンクリート、ま
たは耐火材吹付け工法である特許請求の範囲第１
項記載の吹付け工法用粉じん防止剤。 ３ ポリエチレングリコール型非イオン界面活性
剤、およびその硫酸エステル塩から選ばれる１種
以上の界面活性剤と、グリセリン、ジグリセン、
トリグリセリン、エチレングリコール、プロピレ
ングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプ
ロピレングリコール、ポリビニルアルコール等の
多価アルコール類、ポリアクリルアミド、および
その部分加水分解物からなる群から選ばれる１種
以上の化合物とを含むセメント、石膏等の水硬性
無機結合剤を用いる吹付け工法用粉じん防止剤。 ４ 吹付け工法が、モルタル、コンクリート、ま
たは耐火材吹付け工法である特許請求の範囲第３
項記載の吹付け工法用粉じん防止剤。[Scope of Claims] 1. A hydraulic inorganic binder for cement, plaster, etc., characterized by containing one or more surfactants selected from polyethylene glycol type nonionic surfactants and sulfate ester salts thereof. Dust preventive agent for spraying method. 2 Claim 1 in which the spraying method is mortar, concrete, or fireproof material spraying method
Dust preventive agent for spraying method as described in section. 3. One or more surfactants selected from polyethylene glycol type nonionic surfactants and sulfate ester salts thereof, glycerin, diglycene,
Cement and plaster containing one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of triglycerin, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyhydric alcohols such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, and partial hydrolysates thereof. Dust preventive agent for spraying methods using hydraulic inorganic binders such as. 4 Claim 3 in which the spraying method is mortar, concrete, or fireproof material spraying method
Dust preventive agent for spraying method as described in section.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2045083A JPS59146959A (en) | 1983-02-09 | 1983-02-09 | Dust preventing agent |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2045083A JPS59146959A (en) | 1983-02-09 | 1983-02-09 | Dust preventing agent |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS59146959A JPS59146959A (en) | 1984-08-23 |
| JPS6328867B2 true JPS6328867B2 (en) | 1988-06-10 |
Family
ID=12027397
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2045083A Granted JPS59146959A (en) | 1983-02-09 | 1983-02-09 | Dust preventing agent |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS59146959A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103788929A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-05-14 | 江苏龙蟠科技股份有限公司 | Biodegradation type raised dust inhibitor and preparation method thereof |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4904503A (en) * | 1987-09-29 | 1990-02-27 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Rapid setting cementitious fireproofing compositions and method of spray applying same |
| JP2622920B2 (en) * | 1992-09-02 | 1997-06-25 | 日本セメント株式会社 | Method for suppressing dust generation of cement or lime |
| DE10239702A1 (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2004-03-11 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg | Reduced air entraining agents |
| JP4823967B2 (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2011-11-24 | 花王株式会社 | Method for producing cement-based solidified material |
| CN103756640B (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-01-07 | 太原科技大学 | Coal dust inhibitor and preparation method thereof |
| CN106590535B (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2019-03-08 | 山西猫头鹰环保科技有限公司 | A kind of highway coal transportation dust-depressor and preparation method thereof |
| JP7061960B2 (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2022-05-02 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | Dust scattering prevention material |
| JP7285796B2 (en) * | 2020-02-13 | 2023-06-02 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | Composition for preparing dust-scattering prevention material, dust-scattering prevention material, method for preparing dust-scattering prevention material |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS577852A (en) * | 1980-06-18 | 1982-01-16 | Kurosaki Refractories Co | Cement blend dust generation prevention |
| JPS57135759A (en) * | 1981-02-13 | 1982-08-21 | Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd | Mortar or concrete |
-
1983
- 1983-02-09 JP JP2045083A patent/JPS59146959A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS577852A (en) * | 1980-06-18 | 1982-01-16 | Kurosaki Refractories Co | Cement blend dust generation prevention |
| JPS57135759A (en) * | 1981-02-13 | 1982-08-21 | Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd | Mortar or concrete |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103788929A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-05-14 | 江苏龙蟠科技股份有限公司 | Biodegradation type raised dust inhibitor and preparation method thereof |
| CN103788929B (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2016-02-03 | 江苏龙蟠科技股份有限公司 | A kind of biodegradation type Fugitive dust inhibiting agent and preparation method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS59146959A (en) | 1984-08-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JPS6328867B2 (en) | ||
| EP0402319B1 (en) | Admixture for concrete mixes | |
| JP2000233954A (en) | Spraying material and spray process using the same | |
| JPH0352419B2 (en) | ||
| JP4253377B2 (en) | Spraying method | |
| JP4476859B2 (en) | Dry mortar spraying method | |
| JP4044887B2 (en) | Bolt fixing method | |
| JP4651134B2 (en) | Quick setting agent for high fluid spraying concrete | |
| JP2000001355A (en) | Cement composition, spray material and spray process using the same | |
| JPH08245255A (en) | Low powder spraying concrete composition | |
| JPH10194814A (en) | Spraying material and spraying using the same | |
| JP5189720B2 (en) | Spraying method | |
| JP4536903B2 (en) | Quick setting cement concrete and spraying method | |
| JP2001181000A (en) | Rebound decreasing agent, cement concrete, method of manufacturing cement concrete and spraying process using them | |
| JP4592839B2 (en) | Spray material and spray method | |
| JP2003292355A (en) | Quick setting agent for shotcrete, production method therefor, and method for application of the shotcrete | |
| JP2003252665A (en) | Powdery quick setting agent for shotcrete and method for working shotcrete using it | |
| JP2001206753A (en) | Cement mixing agent, cement-containing concrete, method for manufacturing the concrete and construction method for spraying the concrete | |
| JP2004155654A (en) | Spraying material, and spraying method using the same | |
| JPH0437222B2 (en) | ||
| JPS6328864B2 (en) | ||
| JP3850194B2 (en) | Rebound reducing agent, cement concrete, method for producing cement concrete, and spraying method using the same | |
| JP2001163652A (en) | Cement admixture, cement concrete, production process of the same cement concrete and spraying work execution method using the same cement admixture | |
| JP2003292354A (en) | Quick setting agent for shotcrete and method for application of shotcrete | |
| JP4650966B2 (en) | Wet spray concrete |