JPS63286401A - Processed and treated starch - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a processed and treated starch, having respective specified specific surface area, apparent specific volume and particle size, low moisture absorption, hardly causing separation or bleeding of an oil in an absorption state thereof and useful as substrates for adding to foods, medicines, etc. CONSTITUTION:A processed and treated starch, which is powder, consisting of particles having substantially zero fraction of >=32 mesh particle size and plural curved parts divided by finlike protrusions elongating in the longitudinal axis on the surface and having >=1.0m<2>/g specific surface area and >=10ml apparent specific volume. The above-mentioned processed and treated starch is obtained by, e.g. hot-pressing starches, such as potato starch or corn starch, grain flours, such as wheat flour or buckwheat flour, etc., under condition of normally 14-22% moisture content, 120-180 deg.C temperature, 15-50kg/cm<2> pressure in an extruder and then pulverizing the resultant starches under condition as as to provide substantially no particle having >=32 mesh particle size and <=35% fraction having <=200 mesh particle size.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] (IR for non-industrial use) The present invention is a seasoning oil in the food processing field.

The present invention relates to a processed starch with excellent oil absorption properties that is suitable for powdered base materials such as sauces and juices, powdered base materials for oily medicinal ingredients in the pharmaceutical field, and carriers for cosmetics, fragrances, etc.

(Prior art) Conventionally 1 When liquid or semi-solid oils and fats are used in foods, medicines, cosmetics, etc., methods are used to eliminate inconveniences such as stickiness and poor fluidity. It is known to use processed starches as powdered base materials.

One method for processing starches is, for example, a method in which starch is hydrolyzed using acids, enzymes, etc. and then dried and powdered using a drum dryer (Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-1239).
No. 9) or starch.

K so that the moisture content of flour is 15% or more and less than 2096
g14 moistened, temperature 180-25QC, pressure 101
There is a method of rapidly extruding through a die hole under conditions of g/d or more and less than 50 kg/dL, followed by drying and pulverization (% Publication No. 57-55385).

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, the method of using li powder and grain flours as they are has insufficient oil absorption performance. Dry powder with drum dryer
Although it is seen that the oil-absorbing performance has improved with the use of cast iron, it itself is highly hygroscopic and tends to adhere to the vessel walls, etc. Also, when oily substances are adsorbed, the oily substances may smear. Easy to use.

Furthermore, during long-term storage, separation of oily substances occurs. Therefore, there is a need for improved modified starch powders that have low hygroscopicity and are resistant to oil separation and bleed under oil-absorbing conditions as base materials for food and pharmaceutical additives.

(Means and effects for solving the problem e%) The present invention has the following features:
These problems can be solved all at once, and the fraction of 32 meshes or more is essentially zero, preferably the fraction of 200 meshes or less has a particle size distribution of 35 coefficients or less, and a long length is distributed on one surface. Powder consisting of particles containing a plurality of curved parts defined by fin-like protrusions extending along the axis, the specific surface area of which is greater than 1.0 m''/, preferably greater than 1.2 g/.

Is the apparent specific volume 10dl? This is a processed starch having all the above characteristics. The processed starch powder according to the present invention has high oil absorption performance not found in conventionally commercially available powdered base materials, and has improved hygroscopicity seen in hydrolyzed starch etc. It has excellent dispersibility and solubility in cold water and hot water, making it an ideal powder base material.

Here, the fraction in one particle size distribution refers to the fraction obtained by sieving the processed starch powder using a JIS standard sieve (#), and is expressed in terms of weight relative to the total amount. Particle shapes are based on electron micrographs taken using a scanning electron microscope (S) manufactured by JEOL Ltd.
EW), JSM-T100 type was used. An electron micrograph of the processed starch powder according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 2, and an easy-to-understand illustration thereof is shown in FIG.

In Figure 7, 1.1' and 2.2' are particles, sa,
5b*sa+5b is fin-like process, 4a, 4b, 6a, 6
b indicates a curved portion. That is, the processed starch according to the present invention.

It is a powder consisting of particles having a plurality of curved portions on the surface defined by fin-like protrusions extending along the longitudinal axis. The specific surface area was determined from the adsorption amount of Nt gas molecules using the BET single point method.
The saa form was used. 7'C, The apparent specific volume is expressed as the volume per unit weight when a container with a constant volume is lightly filled with processed starch powder.

The present invention will be explained in detail below.

The starch used in the present invention is potato starch.

Examples include corn starch, rice starch, wheat starch, etc.
These 181 and 2 or more can be used in appropriate combinations. Also, as a grain flour.

Flour 1. Examples include rice flour, buckwheat flour, rye flour, etc.
These may be used alone or in an appropriate combination of two or more. Furthermore, these starches and grain flours may be used alone or in an appropriate mixture.

Next, the processing equipment for starch and flour used in the present invention includes heating and pressurization of starch and flour.

The puffing process is easy and continuous, that is, it is economical, i.e., the flour and grains are put through an extruder K while being humidified, and the puffing is carried out by extrusion through the die holes under heating and pressurized conditions. but,
At this time, it is important that the expanded product obtained by the extruder is an expanded foam having a cross section of approximately circular cells with a diameter of 30 to 200 microns and a partition wall with a film thickness of 1 to 15 microns. The processed starch powder obtained by crushing this is 7[! The nine-particle shape leaves the pore septum structure of the starting foam.

In other words, the particle shape has a plurality of curved portions on one surface covered by fin-like protrusions extending along the longitudinal axis. The optimal extrusion conditions for this purpose are water content of 1
4-221. 9/cd is appropriate for a temperature of 120 t:' or more and less than 180 C and a pressure of 15 to 50. Outside these conditions, a puffed product with insufficient generation of bubbles at the outlet of the die hole of the extruder, or conversely a puffed product with too large bubbles, will result. In the case of a puffed product in which bubbles are insufficiently generated, the bubbles are too small and become trapped inside the crushed particles, resulting in a lumpy powder.On the other hand, if the bubbles are too large.

The pulverized particles are plate-shaped and tile-shaped, and the pore spacing of the foam is 4!
Structure tIA is not possible. For this reason, the specific surface area and apparent specific volume of the powder obtained by pulverizing the expanded material are significantly reduced.

Heating and pressure treatment in an extruder are carried out effectively.

As a method for stably obtaining the processed starch targeted by the present invention, it is preferable to use a twin-screw extruder, but
It is particularly effective to add a detergent having a VcO of 1 to 5.0 to the raw material starch and flour.

The expanded product obtained by the extruder has a thickness of M 1 to 15 on the @ side.
Consists of micron partition walls. It has approximately circular bubbles with a diameter of 30 to 200 microns.

It is a very light and dense foam with countless cells elongated in the direction of extrusion.

The puffed product obtained by the extruder can be pulverized without requiring a special main drying step, but in this case, the particle size of the pulverized product is such that the fraction of 52 mesh or more is almost zero, and preferably 200 mesh or less. It is necessary to select grinding conditions that will reduce the fraction to below 35%. Powder of 52 mesh or more is available! The gas bubbles of the compound are trapped and not in a steady state, resulting in a decrease in oil absorption performance, and the large particle size makes it unsuitable for use as a practical powder. Moreover, the fraction of 200 mesh or less has many fine particles that cannot maintain the pore partition structure of the foam.In particular, if the O fraction of 200 mesh or less exceeds 55, the oil absorption performance decreases, resulting in an uninventive powder. This makes it impossible to fully utilize the effects of the shape.

As a crusher suitable for achieving the purpose of the present invention,! #
Knife-shaped edges are useful in that they can be crushed without damaging the pore partition structure of the compound as much as possible. A cutting type pulverizer having the following method is suitable.

The processed starch powder thus obtained is a powder consisting of particles having a plurality of curvatures defined by fin-like protrusions extending along the longitudinal axis on one surface.

Due to its shape, it has an extremely high specific surface area, and it has a constant high specific surface area over the entire area of the 8 bases, regardless of the size of a single grain. As a result, the apparent specific volume is high and the oil absorption performance is significantly improved.

(Effects of the Invention) The processed starch powder according to the present invention has a practical oil absorption ratio of 20096 or more, which can absorb oily substances and maintain the fluidity and powder properties of the powder, and has not been commercially available from the past. It has high oil absorption performance not found in other powdered base materials. Submersion 1: Oily substances in foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, industrial supplies, etc. can be very easily powdered by adsorbing materials containing large amounts of oily substances.

In addition, the processed starch powder according to the present invention is obtained by physically devising hydrated starch and heating and pressurizing it, so it is extremely safe from a food hygiene perspective, and may also be used in the pharmaceutical field. There is no risk of impairing the stability of medicinal ingredients. Moreover, since it is a powder with an increased specific surface area, it not only has excellent retention of oily substances, but also provides favorable properties in terms of texture and flavor. It also has excellent dispersibility and solubility in cold water and hot water, making it a precise product. In addition, processed starch powder itself has low hygroscopicity and is easy to handle.

Furthermore, after adsorbing oily substances, separation of the oily substances does not occur during long-term storage.

(Example) Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically explained with reference to Examples.

Example 1 O.s kg of stearic acid monoglyceride was added to 1 ook of cornstarch and mixed well.

The mixture was put into a twin-screw extruder with a barrel length of 500 mm and a screw diameter of 5511 m, and continuously extruded while controlling the moisture content to t-17 ts.

In this case, immediately before the die hole, the material is continuously extruded through the die hole under the conditions of temperature 140C and pressure 25ky/cIl, cut with a cutter, and the expanded material is cooled to a chamber. The processed starch powder is pulverized using a type of pulverizer and sieved through a 32-mesh sieve to obtain processed starch powder with a fraction of 200 mesh or less and a 35-mesh or less.

The water content of this processed starch powder is 9.096.

Example 2 Moisture content g 17,55VcvI4 Continuously extruded immediately before the die hole under the conditions of a temperature of 170 C and a pressure of 28 kg/cl. Processed starch powder was obtained.

Comparative Example 1 The same method as in Example 1 except that extrusion was carried out continuously through the die hole under conditions of a temperature of 110 C and a pressure of 35 to 97 d just before the die hole while adjusting the moisture content to 15 d. Processed starch powder was obtained with 7tlI Comparative Example 2 Moisture content 11t-19% Processed starch powder was then obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.

The physical properties and performance of the processed starch powders obtained in Example 1.2 and Comparative Example 1.2 are shown in Table IK.

Particle size distribution: By rotatsubu sieve separator (weight range).

The particle shape is based on a microscopic photograph).

JEOL Ltd., scanning electron microscope (SEM), JSM-
'l'100] 'lj user friend. For the sample, gold-palladium was deposited using ion sputtering (1, OKV, 10 mA.

20 minutes) Sasetomo. The acceleration voltage Fi is 25KV.

The shapes of the expanded products and the pulverized products obtained by electron micrographs are shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 for Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. The cross-sectional particle structure of the expanded foam obtained in Example 1 is shown in 1
Figure 2 shows the particle structure of the pulverized product. Similarly, the cross-sectional particle structure of the expanded foam obtained in Comparative Example 1 is shown in Figure 3, the particle structure of the pulverized product is shown in Figure 4, and the cross-sectional particle structure of the expanded foam obtained in Comparative Example 2 is shown in Figure 5. Figure 6 shows the particle structure of the pulverized product. 9. Figure 2 is easier to understand (see Figure 7 for an illustration). In FIG.

1.1', 2.2' are particles, 5 a, 3 b *
5 a * 5 b is fin-like process, 4 a, 4 b, 6 a
, 6b indicates a curved portion.

In Example 1 of the present invention, an expanded foam having substantially circular cells having a thin cross section and a partition wall is used.
! 17. The processed starch powder obtained by crushing this is
It can be seen that the expanded foam retains the pore partition structure and has a nine-grain shape, that is, a particle shape with a plurality of curved portions defined by fin-like protrusions extending along the longitudinal axis on one surface.

In comparison, in Comparative Example 1, the cells in the expanded material were too large, resulting in plate-like particles with a smooth surface that did not leave the pore partition structure of the foamed material in Comparative Example 2.

Since the air bubbles in the expanded product are too small, the air bubbles are trapped and become a stationary powder, which significantly reduces the oil absorption performance.

Oil absorption performance: Using a Tomo multipurpose stirring mixer (manufactured by Sanei Seisakusho, SDMr) equipped with a whipper, corn salad oil was added dropwise to a certain amount of Tokutomo processed starch in Examples and Comparative Examples.
Stir at high speed for 10 minutes, observe the powder state after mixing, and calculate the oil absorption capacity at the point where oil begins to seep onto the surface of the powder and loses its smooth powder properties, as a weight ratio (relationship) to the processed starch powder. Expression friend. This indicates practical oil absorption performance that can maintain fluidity and powderiness.As a control, a commercially available powdered base material "Pineflow" was similarly evaluated and found to be 170%.

In the same way, processed starch with a certain amount of corn salad oil adsorbed was placed in the universal stirring mixer used to measure the oil-retaining crab oil absorption performance. 5.41: When a cylindrical container of size M is filled with 32 kg and held for 30 seconds under a pressure of 1 kg by a press machine, it can absorb 959 ji of oil (that is, 5% is absorbed by the oozing door paper). The oil absorption capacity was expressed as a weight ratio (%) to the processed starch powder. This is to evaluate the adhesion of oil to the walls of mixing equipment, filling equipment, etc., which is a problem when oily substances are adsorbed to powdered base materials, and the leakage of oil into packaging containers and packaging bags. However, as a control, a commercially available powdered base material "Pine 70-" was evaluated in the same manner, and it was 140%.

Hygroscopicity: The processed starch powders obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples were left to stand at a temperature of 40C and a relative humidity of 75%, and their conditions were observed. Example.

In both comparative examples, there was no change in the powder state even after 7 days had passed.
As a control, when the commercially available powdered base material ``Pineflow'' was evaluated using the same pressure, it absorbed moisture on the first day.

Solidification occurred.

Oil separation: Example 1.2. Regarding the processed starch powder obtained in Comparative Example 2, corn salad oil was adsorbed at a weight ratio of 1001 to the processed starch powder using a nine-purpose stirring mixer used to measure oil absorption performance. The product was left under conditions of 75% relative humidity and its condition was observed. Example 1.2. In Comparative Example 2, no separation of oil was observed even after 7 days had passed. However, as a control, when a commercially available powder f base material "Pine 70-" was evaluated in the same manner, oil was removed on the second day. 9. Separation occurs.

As described above, one processed starch according to the present invention is.

It has extremely high practical oil absorption and oil retention capabilities.

It can be seen that it is an ideal powdered base material that has low hygroscopicity and does not cause separation of oily components in an oil-absorbing state.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the cross-sectional particle structure of the expanded foam obtained in Example 1, and FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the particle structure of the same pulverized product. FIG. 6 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the cross-sectional particle structure of the expanded foam obtained in Comparative Example 1, and FIG. 4 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the particle structure of the same pulverized product. FIG. 5 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the cross-sectional particle structure of the specific expanded foam in Comparative Example 2, FIG. 6 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the particle structure of the same pulverized product, and FIG. Figure 2 is an easy-to-understand illustration of Figure 2, Figure 7 shows the actual shape of the mouth, and Figure 7 shows the basic shape model of the mouth. It is something. Fig. 1 Fig. 5 Fig. 4 S / Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Ward Cha 7121 I

Claims (1)

[Claims] A powder consisting of particles having substantially no fraction of 32 mesh or more, having a plurality of curved parts defined by fin-like protrusions extending along the longitudinal axis on the surface, and having a specific surface area of 1. A processed starch characterized by having an apparent specific volume of 0 m^2/g or more and an apparent specific volume of 10 ml/g or more.