JPS6328044B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPS6328044B2
JPS6328044B2 JP56121471A JP12147181A JPS6328044B2 JP S6328044 B2 JPS6328044 B2 JP S6328044B2 JP 56121471 A JP56121471 A JP 56121471A JP 12147181 A JP12147181 A JP 12147181A JP S6328044 B2 JPS6328044 B2 JP S6328044B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
nematode
soil
nematodes
predating
seedlings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP56121471A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS5823611A (en
Inventor
Jun Hidaka
Satoru Watanabe
Takashi Kobayashi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tomoe Kagaku Kogyo KK
Original Assignee
Tomoe Kagaku Kogyo KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tomoe Kagaku Kogyo KK filed Critical Tomoe Kagaku Kogyo KK
Priority to JP56121471A priority Critical patent/JPS5823611A/en
Publication of JPS5823611A publication Critical patent/JPS5823611A/en
Publication of JPS6328044B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6328044B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は作物有害線虫防除法、特に線虫捕食菌
を用いる作物有害線虫防除法であつて、その目的
とするところは線虫捕食菌の能力を十分発揮させ
て作物有害線虫を防除することにある。 近年、作物に対する線虫の被害が各地で大きな
問題となつており、その被害は甚大である。線虫
による被害作物としては、例えばトマト、ナス、
キユウリ、メロン、サトウダイコンおよびタバコ
などが挙げられる。 従来、作物有害線虫の防除剤としては、D−D
あるいはEDBなどが代表的なものとして知られ
ているが、これらの薬剤は高価であるため経費が
高くつく上に取り扱いにも危険が伴い、さらに土
壤中の有効天敵などを死滅させ、土壤中の健全な
微生物生態系を破壊してしまう欠点があり、また
たとえ一時的に線虫密度を軽減することはできて
も一作すればもとの密度にもどつてしまい効果不
十分である。 これら薬剤による防除の欠点を除くために、古
くからMankau、R.およびLinford、M.B.らによ
り線虫捕食菌を使つた作物有害線虫防除法が検討
されている。[Mankau、R.:Nematologia、
362−332(1961)、Linford、M.B.and Yap、F.:
Ptytopathology、29、596−609(1939)]。 またわが国においても、線虫捕食菌による有害
線虫の防除法として特公昭38−22380号公報にタ
バコ有害線虫の防除法が開示されている。 しかし、これらの方法は、いずれも充分な効果
をあげているとは言えない。その理由としては、
土壤に線虫捕食菌を混入しても、これを有効な状
態で存在させることが困難であること、大量の土
壤に対し充分な密度となる程の菌量の混入は実用
的に困難であること、さらに接種菌を耕土によく
混合し均等に分布させることが実際的に困難であ
ることなどが考えられる。 そこで本発明者らは、線虫捕食菌を使用する作
物有害線虫の防除法について種々研究した結果、
高濃度の線虫捕食菌類を混入した床土を用いて作
物の苗を育苗した後、移植時に定植土壤へ苗とと
もにこの床土を抱土として持ち込み、高濃度の線
虫捕食菌類を定植土壤特に根圏土壤中に有効な状
態で存在させると、意外にも線虫捕食菌類の能力
が十分に発揮され、作物に対する線虫被害を激減
させることを見い出した。本発明はこの知見に基
いて完成されたものであつて、本発明は線虫捕食
菌類を混入せしめた床土で作物を育苗し、床土を
抱土として苗とともに定植土壤に移植することを
特徴とする作物有害線虫防除法である。 以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。 本発明において、線虫捕食菌類としては線虫を
捕食する菌であればすべて用いることができる
が、例えば不完全菌のヒホミセテス(Hyphomy
−cetes)に属する線虫捕食糸状菌が挙げられ、
その好適な具体例として例えば捕虫器として球形
の粘着性突起を有するダクチレラ・エリプソスポ
ラ(Dactylella ellipsospora)、モナクロスポリ
ウム・フイマトフアガム(Monacrosporium
phymatophagum)、粘着性の網を有するダクチ
ラリア・サウマシア(Dactylaria thaumasia)、
収縮性の環を有するアルスロボトリス・ダクチロ
イデス(Arthrobotrys dactyloides)などの菌が
挙げられる。 つぎに床土としては、作物の育苗に適する床土
であればよいが、特にバーミキユライト、パーラ
イト、ゼオライト、ピートモスまたはもみ殻くん
炭などの多孔性物質の1種または2種以上の混合
物に、床土として適当な物理性をもたせるため実
質上無病菌の山砂または川砂を適当量混合したも
の、さらにこれに作物の育苗上要求される若干の
肥料を加えて床土とするのが好ましい。 線虫捕食菌類を床土に混入するには、線虫捕食
菌類を適当な固体または液体培地、例えばとうも
ろこし粉培地またはコーンステイープリカー
(CSL)・サツカロース培地に培養した培養物、ま
たはこれより分離した菌体あるいは胞子を水また
は適当な液体(例えば液体培地など)に分散した
分散液を床土に添加して混入する。菌量として
は、乾物g当り103〜109程度の混入がよい。 このように線虫捕食菌類を混入した床土に、作
物の種子を播種するか、または苗を移植した後、
作物の種類に応じて所定期間育苗し、伸長する根
の周りに上記の線虫捕食菌類を十分に有効な状態
で存在させる。このように育苗に使用した床土を
抱土として苗とともに定植土壤に移植する。 本発明方法により、作物有害線虫の防除がほぼ
完全に達成できる。その理由としては、床土に混
入した線虫捕食菌類が作物の根圏に十分有効な状
態で存在し、根の伸長に伴ない線虫捕食菌類も根
の表面にそつて移動しうるので、そこに作物有害
線虫が存在する時、捕殺現象があらわれ作物有害
線虫を防除しうるものと考えられる。 本発明方法は、育苗を必要とする全ての作物に
対して適用できることはいうまでもなく、特にト
マト、ナス、キユウリ、メロン、サトウダイコン
およびタバコなどの有害線虫の防除に有効であ
り、防除する線虫についてもネコブ線虫類、ネグ
サレ線虫類、およびシスト線虫類などの作物有害
線虫の種類にかかわらず有効である。 次に本発明方法を実施例を示して具体的に説明
するが、本発明はこれにより制限されるものでは
ない。 実施例 1 線虫捕食菌ダクチレラ・エリプソスポラを混入
した床土にトマトを育苗し、床土を抱土として苗
とともに定植土壤に移植することによるネコブ線
虫の防除効果について下記の試験を行なつた。 (1) 線虫捕食菌入り床土の調製 ダクチレラ・エリプソスポラ(福島県いわき
市平中塩の土壤より寒天培地を用いて純粋分
離)をコーンステイプリカー・サツカロース培
地に加え温度25℃にて4日間好気的に撹拌培養
して得た培養液をピートモス/バーミキユライ
ト/山砂を4/3/3の容量比に混合したもの
に混入し乾物g当り106程度の菌の存在を確認
した後、床土1Kgに対し、N、P2O5、K2Oと
して各0.25gの肥料を加えて調製した。 (2) 供試作物 トマト(品種:おおみやFTVR) (3) 試験規模および供試土壤 1/10000aポツト(ワグネル型、土壤800
g)を使用し各区5連制とした。 供試土壤 サツマイモネコブ線虫汚染土壤(サツマイ
モネコブ線虫200頭/50g原土) 肥料 各ポツト当り化成肥料をN、P2O5、K2O
として各0.2g添加した。 (4) 試験区 線虫捕食菌無混入区(対照) ダクチレラ・エリプソスポラを混入した床
土に育苗した区 ダクチレラ・エリプソスポラを全層に混入
した区 (5) 試験方法 線虫捕食菌無混入区、およびダクチレラ・エ
リプソスポラを混入した床土に育苗した区は、
発芽1週間後の苗をそれぞれ1株につき菌無混
入床土および菌混入床土65gを詰めたビニール
ポツトで、温度25℃のガラス室にて20日間育苗
後、線虫汚染土壤へ移植した。 一方、全層に混入した区は菌無混入区と同様
に育苗後、ダクチレラ・エリプソスポラ混入床
土65gを全層に混入した線虫汚染土壤に移植し
た。 (6) 調査項目 移植40日後に根を観察し、根の線虫被害度を
表わす根コブ指数をもつて示した。 (7) 試験結果
The present invention is a method for controlling nematodes harmful to crops, particularly a method for controlling nematodes harmful to crops using nematode-predating bacteria, and its purpose is to fully utilize the ability of nematode-predating bacteria to control nematodes harmful to crops. It's about doing. In recent years, damage caused by nematodes to crops has become a major problem in various places, and the damage caused is enormous. Examples of crops damaged by nematodes include tomatoes, eggplants,
Examples include cucumber, melon, sugar beet and tobacco. Conventionally, as a control agent for crop harmful nematodes, D-D
Alternatively, EDB is a well-known representative example, but these drugs are expensive, costing money, and being dangerous to handle.Furthermore, they kill effective natural enemies in the soil, causing damage to the soil. It has the disadvantage of destroying a healthy microbial ecosystem, and even if it is possible to temporarily reduce the density of nematodes, the density returns to its original level after one crop, making it insufficiently effective. In order to eliminate the drawbacks of these chemical control methods, Mankau, R. and Linford, MB, et al. have long studied methods for controlling crop harmful nematodes using nematode-predating fungi. [Mankau, R.: Nematologia, 6 ,
362−332 (1961), Linford, MBand Yap, F.:
Ptytopathology, 29 , 596-609 (1939)]. Also in Japan, Japanese Patent Publication No. 38-22380 discloses a method for controlling harmful nematodes to tobacco using nematode-predating bacteria. However, none of these methods can be said to be sufficiently effective. The reason is that
Even if bacteria that prey on nematodes are mixed into a clay pot, it is difficult to keep them in an effective state, and it is practically difficult to mix a large amount of bacteria to a sufficient density for a large quantity of clay pots. Furthermore, it is considered that it is practically difficult to mix the inoculated bacteria well with the cultivated soil and distribute it evenly. Therefore, the present inventors conducted various research on methods for controlling crop harmful nematodes using nematode-predating bacteria, and found that
After raising crop seedlings using bed soil mixed with a high concentration of nematode-predating fungi, this bed soil is carried along with the seedlings as a retaining soil into the planting pot at the time of transplanting, and a high concentration of nematode-predating fungi is added to the planting pot. It has been found that when present in an effective state in the rhizosphere soil, the ability of nematode-predating fungi is surprisingly fully demonstrated, dramatically reducing nematode damage to crops. The present invention was completed based on this knowledge, and the present invention involves raising crop seedlings in bed soil mixed with nematode-predating fungi, and transplanting the seedlings together with the seedlings into a planting pot using the bed soil as a retaining soil. This is a unique method for controlling nematodes harmful to crops. The present invention will be explained in detail below. In the present invention, any fungus that preys on nematodes can be used as the fungus that preys on nematodes.
The nematode-predating filamentous fungi belonging to -cetes) are mentioned.
Preferred specific examples include Dactylella ellipsospora, which has spherical sticky protrusions as insect traps, and Monacrosporium fumatophagum.
phymatophagum), Dactylaria thaumasia with sticky web;
Examples include bacteria such as Arthrobotrys dactyloides, which has a contractile ring. Next, the bed soil may be any bed soil suitable for raising crop seedlings, but in particular, one or a mixture of two or more porous materials such as vermiculite, perlite, zeolite, peat moss, or rice husk charcoal may be used. In order to have appropriate physical properties as bed soil, it is preferable to mix an appropriate amount of virtually disease-free mountain sand or river sand, and further add some fertilizer required for raising crop seedlings to make bed soil. . In order to mix nematode-predating fungi into bed soil, the nematode-predating fungi can be cultured in a suitable solid or liquid medium, such as corn flour medium or corn staple liquor (CSL)/sucrose medium, or isolated from this. A dispersion of the bacterial cells or spores dispersed in water or a suitable liquid (for example, a liquid medium) is added to and mixed into the bed soil. The amount of bacteria mixed in is preferably about 10 3 to 10 9 per g of dry matter. After sowing crop seeds or transplanting seedlings into bed soil mixed with nematode-predating fungi in this way,
Seedlings are raised for a predetermined period of time depending on the type of crop, and the above-mentioned nematode-predating fungi are allowed to exist in a sufficiently effective state around the growing roots. The bed soil thus used for raising seedlings is used as a retaining soil and is transplanted together with the seedlings into a planting pot. By the method of the present invention, almost complete control of crop harmful nematodes can be achieved. The reason for this is that the nematode-eating fungi mixed in the bed soil exist in a sufficiently effective state in the rhizosphere of the crop, and as the roots elongate, the nematode-eating fungi can also move along the root surface. When crop harmful nematodes are present there, a trapping phenomenon occurs and it is thought that crop harmful nematodes can be controlled. It goes without saying that the method of the present invention can be applied to all crops that require seedling raising, and is particularly effective in controlling harmful nematodes in tomatoes, eggplants, cucumbers, melons, sugar beets, and tobacco. It is also effective against nematodes that are harmful to crops, such as Nematodes, Negusare Nematodes, and Cyst Nematodes. Next, the method of the present invention will be specifically explained with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Example 1 Tomato seedlings were raised in bed soil mixed with the nematode-predating fungus Dactylella ellipsospora, and the following test was conducted to determine the effect of controlling the nematode nematode by using the bed soil as a retaining soil and transplanting the seedlings into a planting pot. Ta. (1) Preparation of bed soil containing nematode-predating bacteria Dactylella ellipsospora (purely isolated using an agar medium from the soil of Hiranakashio, Iwaki City, Fukushima Prefecture) was added to a corn staple liquor/sucrose medium at a temperature of 25℃. The culture solution obtained by aerobically stirring culture for 4 days was mixed into a mixture of peat moss/vermiculite/mountain sand in a volume ratio of 4/3/3 to determine the presence of about 10 6 bacteria per g of dry matter. After confirmation, fertilizers were prepared by adding 0.25 g each of N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O to 1 kg of bed soil. (2) Test crop Tomato (variety: Omiya FTVR) (3) Test scale and test soil 1/10000a pot (Wagner type, 800m soil)
g) was used to create a five-run system for each ward. Test soil Pot of soil contaminated with sweet potato knot nematodes (200 sweet potato knot nematodes/50g raw soil) Fertilizer Add chemical fertilizers per pot of N, P 2 O 5 , K 2 O
0.2g of each was added. (4) Test area Area without nematode-predating bacteria (control) Area where seedlings were grown in bed soil mixed with Dactylella and Ellipsospora Area with Dactylella and Ellipsospora mixed in the entire layer (5) Test method No nematode-predating bacteria mixed ward, and the ward where seedlings were raised in bed soil mixed with Dactylella ellipsospora.
One week after germination, the seedlings were grown for 20 days in a glass room at a temperature of 25°C in plastic pots filled with 65 g of bacteria-free soil and 65 g of bacteria-containing soil, and then transplanted into nematode-contaminated soil. On the other hand, in the plot where the whole layer was contaminated, seedlings were raised in the same way as the bacteria-free plot, and then transplanted to nematode-contaminated soil in which the whole layer was mixed with 65 g of soil mixed with Dactylella ellipsospora. (6) Investigation items Roots were observed 40 days after transplantation, and the root knot index was used to express the degree of nematode damage to the roots. (7) Test results

【表】 ※ 根コブ指数
Σ(階級値×同階級内の株数)
[Table] * Root Cobb index Σ (class value x number of stocks in the same class)
=

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 線虫捕食菌類を混入した床土で作物を育苗
し、床土を抱土として苗とともに定植土壤に移植
することを特徴とする作物有害線虫防除法。
1. A method for controlling nematodes harmful to crops, which is characterized by raising seedlings of crops in bed soil mixed with nematode-predating fungi, and transplanting the bed soil together with the seedlings into a planting pot.
JP56121471A 1981-08-04 1981-08-04 Controlling method for injurious nematode of crop Granted JPS5823611A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP56121471A JPS5823611A (en) 1981-08-04 1981-08-04 Controlling method for injurious nematode of crop

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP56121471A JPS5823611A (en) 1981-08-04 1981-08-04 Controlling method for injurious nematode of crop

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5823611A JPS5823611A (en) 1983-02-12
JPS6328044B2 true JPS6328044B2 (en) 1988-06-07

Family

ID=14811966

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP56121471A Granted JPS5823611A (en) 1981-08-04 1981-08-04 Controlling method for injurious nematode of crop

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5823611A (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0160089A4 (en) * 1983-10-26 1986-05-16 Univ California Rhizobacterial plant protection.
US4689231A (en) * 1985-06-28 1987-08-25 Uniroyal Chemical Company, Inc. Method of protecting plants from nematodes
US6168947B1 (en) * 1999-02-11 2001-01-02 Food Industry Research And Development Institute Nematophagous fungus Esteya vermicola
JP4625626B2 (en) * 2003-11-27 2011-02-02 片倉チッカリン株式会社 Method for suppressing plant parasitic nematode damage using nematode damage-controlling microorganisms and nematode damage-controlling microorganism materials
CN102972117A (en) * 2012-10-17 2013-03-20 田欢 Fertilizing method for tobacco

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5592304A (en) * 1978-12-30 1980-07-12 Nakada Hiroto Nematocide

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5592304A (en) * 1978-12-30 1980-07-12 Nakada Hiroto Nematocide

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5823611A (en) 1983-02-12

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