JPS63278A - Method and apparatus for producing meal from liquid-containing moist raw material - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial use distribution]

The present invention uses fish raw materials, such as those obtained by extracting liquid in a press,
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing meals from liquid-containing or moist food ingredients. Although fish raw materials are particularly emphasized here as starting materials, other raw materials, for example of animal or vegetable origin, are also readily available, especially for use as feed or food raw materials.

[Prior art and problems]

A series of different drying systems have been proposed in the past for different types of raw materials. Both direct heat dryers and indirect heat dryers have been used in connection with meal production from fish raw materials. The heat exchange between the heating medium (steam, flue gas, heating oil, etc.) and the raw material can be carried out directly by or for direct contact in the dryer, as for example in a direct-fired dryer. by a heat exchange surface and, if necessary, by a heat exchange surface placed on the rotor of the dryer. A disadvantage of using open flame dryers for the production of products such as fishmeal, intended for fish, animal and human food, is the contamination and absorption of toxic substances, especially from flue gases. The disadvantages associated with indirect dryers are the long residence times required and quality changes due to the effects of prolonged high temperatures. Norwegian Patent Specification No. 99,768 describes a method for producing fishmeal by drying fish in two stages using a first dryer and a second dryer having a substantially larger capacity than the first dryer. Disclosed.

【the purpose】

The object of the present invention is to provide a process for the production of meals, for example from whole fish raw materials or similar animal or vegetable raw materials, which is produced in a mild but nevertheless relatively quick and efficient manner. and equipment. In particular, the invention is aimed at production with short drying times and moderate temperatures such that the material to be dried is exposed to a moderate heat load. Such mild drying imparts flavor characteristics that make the meal attractive for specific uses. Examples include marine nutrient feed, especially for feeding fry and young fish.

[Constitution of the first invention] The method for producing meal from moist food raw materials according to the present invention includes the following steps: (a) The raw material is heated to 450° C. in order to mix the raw material with hot air. the hot air is added to the first drying means and whipped for up to 1 minute, whereby the temperature reaches 19°C.
(b) Immediately after this, the resulting mixture of said raw material and said hot air is subjected to a reduced pressure and has a volume substantially greater than that of the first drying means; transfer to a second drying means; (e) stir the mixture for up to 15 minutes, whereby the temperature is further reduced to within the range 60-85°C and a meal fraction is formed; and (d) the removing at least a major portion of the meal fraction from said second drying means. The raw material and hot air remain in the first drying means for 2 to 50 seconds, during which time the temperature increases from 350 to 450°C to 140 to 160°C.
℃ and remains in the second drying means for 5 to 15 minutes,
Preferably, during this time the temperature decreases from 140-160°C to 75-80°C. The discharge air mixed with a portion of the meal fraction is preferably removed from the second drying means and the portion of the meal fraction is separated from this mixture. This has been shown to be particularly effective. Preferably, the mixture of hot air and raw material in the first drying means is also under reduced pressure. The bulk and part of the meal fractions can be transported directly to storage, but they can also be subjected to other processing, including measurement and/or testing.

Effect: The method of the invention forms the basis for particularly rapid drying of raw materials at moderate temperatures, the thermal energy saving by this method is good, the space occupation is minimal, The device is easily adjustable and the method requires only 9 J'r! It has a relatively great adaptability for drying raw materials of various quality, from herring with partially decomposed fat to old, low-quality fish. The practical test was carried out for 24 hours using 2500 hl (hectoliter:
Regarding the processing capacity of approximately 250 tons), it is shown that the evapotranspiration is approximately 2500 kg/hour.

[Structure of the Second Invention] The present invention also includes the following elements: (a) first dryer means comprising an internal rotor associated with whipping means for supplying hot air and stirring the raw material; (b) ) a supply port connected at one end to the first dryer means at a location directly adjacent to the first dryer means, and having a capacity substantially greater than the capacity of the first dryer means;
of substantially radial contours arranged axially and radially outermost? ! ! , a first outlet as an overflow opening for discharging the majority of the meal fraction at the opposite end and above the first outlet, said meal fraction. and (c) a second dryer means having a second outlet for a portion of the mixed discharge air; and (c) a discharge connection for separating said portion of said meal flakes from said discharge air. It also includes apparatus for producing meals from moist food ingredients. 2 per 24 hours to produce shelf-stable meals.
Regarding the continuous production of meal based on the supply of 500 hl (hectoliter: approximately 250 t) of raw material, for example,
The first dryer may have an inner diameter of 1.4 m and a length of 2 m, and the second dryer may have an inner diameter of 2 m and a length of 6 m.

Effects: Thanks to the structural and mechanical solution of the invention, large capacities can be obtained even in existing factories with small spaces and flexible equipment.

【Example】

In order to understand the invention more clearly, preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described on the basis of examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Referring to FIG. 1, hot air assembly 10 includes a hot air source 10a. The hot air is supplied through the hot air supply path 11 to the hot air supply port 12 adjacent to the raw material supply port 14 at the upper end of one end 138 of the first dryer 13 at a maximum temperature of 450°C. The raw material supply port 14 is, for example, a supply path 15 for a raw material supplied from a liquid extraction press (not shown).
Contact. At the bottom of the opposite end 13b of the first dryer, a short conveying path 16 leads from the first dryer 13 to the second dryer 17.
reaches the top of one end 17a. From the other end, that is, from the opposite end 17b of the second dryer @g17, the conveyor 19
leads to a discharge well, as indicated by the arrow tip 20a, via an overflow port 18 in the lower part of the drying mold for discharging the majority of the meal fraction produced in the dryer. From the other end 17b of the dryer, a discharge path 21 for a mixture of the discharged gas from the second dryer 17 and a portion of the meal fraction (i.e. the 'fine fraction of the meal) is provided via a flap 22 and a centrifugal fan 23. Te cyclone 24
Contact. Mir's fine fraction is cyclone 2
4 and discharged via conveyor 25 to the discharge station as indicated by arrow tip 20b. The discharged gas is conveyed from the upper end 24b of the cyclone 24 to the bottom of the washing tower 27 via the flow path 26. From the upper part of the washing tower 27, a flow path 28 connects to the inlet 2 on the heat exchanger 29.
9a, from where a flow path 30 for the cooled air returns to the inlet 31 of the hot air generation, 910g, of the hot air assembly 10. A fresh air supply port 32 having a flap 33 is connected to the flow path 30 . From the flow channel 30 a branch channel 34 leads to a fan 35 for supplying air to the oil burner 36 . An oil burner 36 communicates with one side of the heat exchanger, and the other side of the oil burner 36 communicates with the air of the hot air source 10a within the hot air assembly 10. From the oil burner 36, a branch passage 38a leads to the smoke passage, but the main passage 38
b communicates with the flue via a fan 39. Figures 2 and 3i show a first dryer 13 consisting of a stator 40 including a horizontally arranged rotor 41 with a direction of rotation as indicated by the lt1 arrow 41a. The stator 40 has a length of, for example, 2 m and a round shape of 1.4 m.
It has a cylindrical hollow space 42 having an inner diameter of . The stator 40 has three axially separated annular screens 43, 44, 45 that protrude radially inward from the circumference of the stator 40 (approximately 1/6 of the radius).
4 section 42a. It is divided into 42b, 42c and 42d. Screens 43, 44.45 are arranged below with respective remotely controlled adjustment means 43b, 44b present in the bottom 40a.
, 4Sb. By adjusting the screen, the rate of passage of the raw material/air mixture in the first dryer 13 can be adjusted. An internal rotor 41, driven by an adjustable speed drive motor 46 via a drive belt 47 stretched between a drive wheel 48 and a driven wheel 49, drives a series of par-shaped whipping means 50 disposed within the compartment. Be prepared. The rotation speed is, for example, 170 revolutions/minute. The whipping means 50 can be configured in any desired design, but are preferably arranged with a helical contour, for example each section 42a, 42b, 42c of the hollow space 42. 42d, two (or more) whipping means 5
0 are placed in opposite directions. Also, if necessary,
A blade may also be provided at the outer end of the whipping means 50 (not shown). FIGS. 4 and 5 show a second dryer 17 consisting of a stator 51 having a cylindrical interior space 51a and a cooperating horizontal rotor 52. FIGS. The circumferential advance of the rotor 52 is, for example, on the order of In/sec. A series of circumferential rings 55 containing directly axially extending guide blades 56 are secured to the central or main shaft of the rotor 52 by struts 54 extending radially outwardly from the main shaft 53 and across. Certain blades in guide blades 56 extend radially inward, with the remaining blades first extending radially inward and then diagonally inward in the direction of rotation as shown by arrow 57. adventurer 52
is driven in the direction of arrow 57 by an adjustable speed motor (not shown) coupled to the inlet end 17a of the second dryer 17. Since the circumferential ring 55 and the guide blades 56 protrude inwardly beyond about 1/6 of the radius estimated from the inner surface of the inner surface 518 of the stator, the main shaft 53 and the guide blades 56
, a considerable flow space is made available between the inner part of the circumferential ring 55 and the mixture of the raw material and the hot air in the axial and radial directions of the dryer in order to be more or less freely stirred and freely MtJJ. . The raw material is mainly transferred to the second dryer 17 by the flow path of hot air passing through the dryer in the axial direction.
is carried along the long axis. The raw material is intermittently stirred,
It is carried by the blade in the direction of arrow 57 and then discharged or transported from the dryer across the stream of hot air. At the outlet end 17b of the dryer 17, at the end where the blades are arranged, there is a discharge chamber 58, in which several whipping means 59 of helical profile about the main axis 53 are arranged. By the whipping means 59 on the main shaft 53 a significant turbulence of the meal accumulating in the discharge chamber 58 is obtained, which ensures a more or less continuous removal of at least the coarse particles in the meal and the fine particles in the meal. As shown by arrow 60, the air from the second dryer 17 can be collected into the cyclone 24 via the centrifugal fan 23 (FIG. 1). A certain pressure drop in the first dryer 13 and the second dryer 17 can be ensured by the centrifugal fan 23. The centrifugal fan 231 simultaneously provides a defined throughflow of air from the inlet end of the first dryer 13 to the outlet end of the dryer and further to the outside of the second dryer 17 . actually,
Only the fine particles of Mirfra Crayon are drawn in with the air flow. At the outlet, it is mainly fine particles that are carried away from the second dryer 17 with the emitted gas in a substantially vertically upward direction. The coarse particles of meal are removed in bulk form from the discharge chamber 58 of the second dryer 17 using whipping means 59 which force the particles outwardly through the overflow opening 18 . the reduced pressure in the first dryer 13 and the second dryer 17 created by the centrifugal fan 23; the whipping means 50;
First dryer 13, guide blade 56 and second dryer 1
The combination of the turbulence effect and the agitation effect, which the substance is subjected to by the whipping means 59 in 7, ensures a rapid and effective drying of the substance. By being carried with the air flow into and out of the dryer, the fine particles are removed in a completely dry state by the air flow. While some of the coarse particles will necessarily be removed by the air flow, the whipping and turbulence of the air will cause some of the coarse particles to remain in the dryer until the moisture content is sufficiently reduced. As a result, the average particles are trapped in the air stream and the first dryer 13. It is easy to move axially through the second dryer 17, so that the first dryer 13. During whipping and rotation with the second drying glue 17, good contact with the air flow can be achieved. By adjusting the screen sections 42a to 42c perpendicularly to the bottom of the first dryer 13, the air flow through the first dryer 13 can be adjusted as required. 13
By adjusting the speed of rotation of the rollers 41, 52 in the second dryer 17, the combined effect of air flow, whipping and rotation of the material in the dryer can be further influenced.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 is a schematic flow diagram of an apparatus for producing a meal from moist food ingredients, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are front and side sectional views of the first dryer of the apparatus of FIG. 4 and 5 are a schematic front view and a side view of the second dryer of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and the side view is a sectional view.

Claims (7)

[Claims] (1) The first stage is carried out in the first dryer, and immediately after that the first stage is carried out in the first dryer.
such as fish material extracted with liquid in a press, consisting of a two-stage process in which the second stage is carried out under the influence of reduced pressure in a second dryer with a volume substantially larger than that of the dryer;
In the method for producing meals from liquid-containing or moist food materials, the following steps are provided: - feeding the raw material to the first dryer 13 with hot air having a temperature of up to 450°C to separate the raw material and the - Whip the hot air into the raw material in the first dryer 13 for less than about 1 minute and lower the temperature in the range of 190 to 260 °C; - Mix the raw material with the hot air; Transfer the resulting mixture to the second dryer 17; - Stir the mixture for about 15 minutes to a temperature of 60-85°C.
further reducing the temperature in the range of to form a meal fraction; and removing at least a major portion of said meal fraction from said second dryer 17. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: (2) a portion of the meal fraction is removed with the discharge air and then the portion is separated from the discharge air. (3) The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mixture of hot air and raw material in the first dryer 13 is placed under reduced pressure. (4) Add hot air to the raw material in the first dryer 13 to
Whip for 50 seconds, during which time the temperature will rise to 350-400℃
The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the temperature is lowered from 140 to 160°C. (5) The mixture in the second dryer 17 is stirred for 5 to 15 minutes, during which time the temperature decreases from 140 to 160°C to 75 to 80°C,
The method according to paragraph 2, paragraph 3 or paragraph 4. (6) a liquid-containing or moist food, such as a fish material fed from a liquid extraction press, comprising a first dryer and a second dryer having a substantially larger capacity than the first dryer; In an apparatus for producing meal from raw materials, a first dryer 1
3 comprises an internal rotor with whipping means for whipping hot air into the raw material, and a second dryer 17 is located directly adjacent to the first dryer 13 and communicates with the first dryer at one end. accommodating a plurality of blade rows having a substantially radial profile disposed axially and radially outermost, having a feed inlet; and said second dryer 17 having a meal at the opposite end; a first outlet 18 as an overflow outlet for discharging the majority of the fraction;
A device characterized in that it has a second outlet 21 for the discharge air mixed with a portion of the meal fraction above the discharge outlet and a device 23, 24 for separating the portion of the meal fraction from the discharge air. . 7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the separating device comprises a cyclone (24) connected to the second outlet (21) via an intermediate fan (23).