JPS63273715A - Incinerator for large-size refuse - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve remarkably the capture effect of heavy metals in case of using a bag filter as a dust collector by a method wherein an incinerator consisting of a primary combustion chamber capable of accomodating uncrushed large-size refuse and a secondary combustion chamber for combustion exhaust gas, a spray cooling system ejecting water into an exhaust gas passage, a feeder for alkali powder, and a dust collector are assembled. CONSTITUTION:The amount of air supplied to a primary combustion chamber 2 is low excess one and the formation of high temp. in the chamber is controlled and the thermal decomposition of plastics is activated. It is proper to keep the temp. in the chamber 1 at a temp. of about 600-700 deg.C. Temp. is controlled by automatic operation in such a manner that the temp. is raised by the ignition of an auxiliary burner 8 and water is sprayed from spray ports 21. It is desirably to keep the temp. in the chamber 2 at 800 deg.C or more and the temp. is raised by the automatic ignition of an after-burner 9. Exhaust gas flowing in a spray cooling system placed in an exhaust gas passage 16 and being cooled is mixed with alkali powder charged from a feeder 26 for alkali powder through a supply port 25 while the exhaust gas is passing through the passage 15 and then dust contained in the exhaust gas is captured by the bags of a bag filter 27.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to an incineration device that can easily incinerate bulky waste discarded from everyday life using a relatively small-scale device.

[Conventional technology]

In relatively large cities, the bulky waste that is discarded from daily life is crushed by a large crusher, and the crushed waste is separated into metals, combustibles, and noncombustibles by a sorting device. Separate, so-called bulky waste crushing equipment is installed.

Furthermore, among the materials processed in the above equipment, metals are recovered as resources, noncombustible materials are used for landfill, and combustible materials are incinerated in a separately provided incinerator. Additionally, plastics are processed using a melting furnace or the like.

Here, household bulky waste refers to other garbage other than food waste, such as home appliances (refrigerators, televisions, washing machines, etc.), furniture (sofas, chests of drawers, etc.), bedding (futons, mats, clothes), Ceramics, etc., are made of complex combinations of various materials such as metal, plastic, wood, and cloth.

The most effective and efficient waste treatment system for such bulky household waste is to crush it using the above-mentioned crushing equipment and then incinerate it.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

The above-mentioned garbage disposal system is an extremely effective means from an economic standpoint in areas such as large cities where large amounts of garbage need to be collected and processed. In local government areas where there is little waste, it is impossible to install large-scale facilities like the one mentioned above due to the high equipment costs and high running costs. The current situation is that many local governments have

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention includes a primary combustion chamber that can store unshredded bulky waste, and re-combusts the combustion exhaust gas generated in this primary combustion chamber. An incinerator consisting of a secondary combustion chamber and an exhaust gas passage leading to the atmosphere from this incinerator.
It incorporates a spray cooling device that injects water into high-temperature exhaust gas, an alkaline powder supply device, and a dust collector.

[Effect]

This invention has the above-mentioned configuration, and uncrushed bulky waste is stored in the primary combustion chamber, where the combustible materials in the bulky waste are combusted and thermally decomposed using a gas burner or the like.

The combustion exhaust gas generated in the above primary combustion chamber, i.e.
- Among unburned gases such as carbon oxides and hydrocarbons, unburned carbon, and hydrogen chloride, the unburned gases and unburned carbon are completely combusted in the next secondary combustion chamber, and the high temperature gas after complete combustion is sprayed. Cooled by jetting cooling water.

The thus cooled exhaust gas is mixed with alkaline powder supplied from the alkaline powder supply device to neutralize hydrogen chloride remaining in the exhaust gas, and then passed through a dust collector such as a bag filter to remove soot, dust, and neutralized substances from the exhaust gas. dust etc. are removed and released into the atmosphere.

On the other hand, the incineration residue after being burned for the required time in the primary combustion chamber is taken out from the primary combustion chamber and removed, and then the next bulky waste is stored in the primary combustion chamber again and incinerated in the same manner as above.

〔Example〕

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes an incinerator consisting of a primary combustion chamber 2 and a secondary combustion chamber 3, and the re-combustion chamber is communicated with through a communication passage 4 at the top.

Reference numeral 5 denotes a means for transporting bulky waste extending from the inside of the primary combustion chamber 2 to the outdoors, and is made of heat-resistant metal, such as a pan conveyor.

Reference numeral 6 denotes a large number of air inlets provided on both side walls of the primary combustion chamber 2 and the secondary combustion chamber 3, and the outside air sucked in by the blower 7 is passed through the many air inlets 6 into the primary combustion chamber 2 and the secondary combustion chamber 3. supplied to

Further, an auxiliary combustion burner 8 using gas or heavy oil as fuel is provided in a part of the primary combustion chamber 2, and an afterburner 9 using the same fuel is provided in a portion of the secondary combustion chamber 3 near the communication path 4.

10 is a building that covers the incinerator 1, the transportation means 5 outside the incinerator, or the parking lot 11, 12 is a garbage supply crane that runs on the ceiling of the building, and 13 is a shutter that opens and closes the entrance to the incinerator 1. be.

An exhaust gas passage 15 is communicated with the lower part of the secondary combustion chamber 3, and a spray cooling device 16 is formed by bending the passage into an inverted U-shape.
will be established.

The cooling device 16 is provided with a venturi part 17 on the inlet side, a water injection nozzle 18 is provided here, and this nozzle 18
is connected to a water supply pump 20 provided in a water tank 19, and a water sprinkling port 21 provided in the upper part of the incinerator 1 is also communicated with the pump 20 via a solenoid valve 22.

An alkali powder supply port 25 is provided in a bent portion following the spray cooling device 16. This supply port 25 allows the alkali powder supplied from the alkali powder supply device 26 to pass through the exhaust gas B1.
It is for supplying during 5th.

Reference numeral 27 designates a bag filter, the lower inlet of which communicates with the exhaust gas passage 15, the upper part of the bag filter 27 communicates with the suction port of an exhaust fan 29, and the discharge port of the exhaust fan 29 communicates with the stack 30.

In the above embodiment, the crane 12 transports the conveyor 5
The bulky waste 31 is supplied upward, the shutter 13 is opened, and the transport means 5 is driven to carry the bulky waste 31 into the primary combustion chamber 2.

Next, the shutter 13 is closed, the transportation means 5 is stopped, and the oversized garbage 31 is placed in the auxiliary combustion burner 8 to ignite the oversized garbage 31. Blow in fresh outside air to aid combustion.

Here, the amount of air supplied to the primary combustion chamber 2 is set to a low excess amount to suppress the rapid combustion of plastics with a high calorific value and the resulting rise in temperature in the room, and promote the thermal decomposition of the plastics. .

The temperature within the primary combustion chamber 2 is suitably about 600 to 700°C. This temperature is required for the pyrolysis of plastics and the combustion of wood, cloth, etc. Therefore, if the temperature falls below the above range, the auxiliary combustion burner 8 is ignited to raise the temperature, and if the temperature rises above the temperature range, the solenoid valve 22 is opened, the water supply pump 20 is operated, and water is sprayed from the water sprinkling hole 21. control.

In this way, the combustibles in the bulky waste are partially combusted and thermally decomposed within the primary combustion chamber 2.

The combustion exhaust gas (including unburned gas and unburned carbon) generated in the primary combustion chamber 2 passes through the communication passage 4 and enters the secondary combustion chamber 3, where it is blown from the air inlet 6. The injected combustion air ensures complete combustion while maintaining high temperature.
Unburned gas and unburned carbon generated by thermal decomposition of plastic in the primary combustion chamber 2 are completely combusted.

In order to perform secondary combustion completely, it is preferable that the temperature inside the secondary combustion chamber 2 is 800'C or higher. Therefore, if the temperature falls below this, the temperature is detected by a temperature sensor etc. and the afterburner S is automatically ignited. and raise the temperature.

The high-temperature exhaust gas that has finished burning in the secondary combustion chamber 3 is transferred to the exhaust gas passage 1.
The high-pressure water from the water supply pump 20 is injected from the nozzle 18 when it flows into the spray cooling device 16 in 5 and passes through the pentieri part 17, and is instantaneously atomized and evaporated, resulting in efficient gas flow. Cooling takes place. Here, the hot gas is cooled to 200-250°C.

Note that the amount of water jetted from the nozzle 18 is automatically controlled by detecting the temperature of the exhaust gas with a temperature sensor or the like.

While passing through the exhaust gas passage 15, the cooled exhaust gas mixes with the alkali powder introduced from the alkali powder supply device 26 through the supply port 25, and the hydrogen chloride in the exhaust gas reacts with the alkali to form an alkali salt (neutralized product). Become.

7, the dust contained in the exhaust gas is collected in the bag filter 27.

Additionally, some of the alkali powder added as described above remains unreacted and adheres to the surface of the bag, forming an adhesion layer, and when the exhaust gas passes through this adhesion layer, unreacted hydrogen chloride is absorbed into this adhesion layer. It reacts with the alkali in the layer to form an alkali salt, which is deposited and collected in a bag.

In this way, the purified exhaust gas passes through the bag and is discharged into the atmosphere from the stack 30 via the exhaust fan 29, while the alkali salt dust is removed from the bag, falls downward, and is removed from the machine by an appropriate means. be discharged.

Also, during the primary and secondary combustion mentioned above, heavy metals contained in household appliances, etc. are vaporized (this vaporized gas is called fume) and are included in the exhaust gas. By being cooled in the device 17, it becomes a solid substance (soot) and is transported together with the exhaust gas,
This soot is collected with a high recovery rate by employing the bag filter 27, and is dropped to the lower part of the bag filter 27 and removed together with the alkali salt and dust.

The collected materials are divided into heavy metals, alkali salts, and dust, and the former are treated to render them harmless, and the latter are directly disposed of in a landfill.

Next, the incineration residue, which is incombustible material such as metal, after burning the combustible material in the primary combustion chamber 2 for a required period of time, is taken out of the primary combustion chamber 2 by opening the shutter 13 and driving the conveying means 5.
The waste is removed from the transport means 5, and oversized waste is loaded again into the primary combustion chamber 2 to repeat the next incineration process.

Incidentally, the incineration residue is separated into metals and non-combustible ash, and the metals are recovered as valuable materials while the others are disposed of in a landfill.

2 to 4 use a conveyor and a pallet as conveyance means.

In this case, a conveyor 35 and two pallets 36.37 are used, and pushers 38.39 are provided on both sides of the portion of the conveyor 35 outside the furnace to load and unload the pallets 36.37 onto the conveyor 35. Make it.

That is, as shown in FIG. 2, a pallet 36 carrying bulky waste 31 is placed on the stopped conveyor 35 outside the furnace, the shutter 13 is opened, and the pallet 36 is thrown into the primary combustion chamber 2 by the conveyor 35. The conveyor 35 is stopped, the shutter 13 is closed, and incineration begins.

On the other hand, the next pallet 37 is waiting on the side of the conveyor 35 outside the furnace as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4(a), and during this time the next oversized waste is being loaded.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4(b), the incinerator 1 is incinerated, and when the incineration is completed, it is pulled out of the incinerator by a conveyor 35 as shown in FIG. 4(c). is pushed onto the conveyor 35, and the pallet 36 carrying the incineration residue is pushed out to the side of the conveyor 35 by the pallet 37 as shown in FIG. 4(d).

Next, the pallet 37 is sent into the incinerator 1 by the conveyor 35, and incineration is started.

Also, the pallet 36 pushed out to the side of the conveyor 35
The above incineration residue will be carried out as appropriate, and loading of the next bulky waste will begin.

By repeating the above operations, pallets 36 and 37 are alternately fed into the incinerator. □ [Effects] As described above, this invention is designed to directly inject bulky garbage into the primary combustion chamber without crushing it, and partially incinerate and thermally decompose the combustibles in this bulky garbage. Bulky waste crushing equipment is not required, and the equipment costs and running costs associated with installing such equipment can be significantly reduced.

Moreover, among the residues processed in the incinerator, the volume reduction effect of metal-based products such as home appliances is significant. That is, for example, wood and plastics in home appliances are burned and become a small volume of ash, and only metals remain, reducing the volume and increasing the purity of the metals in the incineration residue.

Furthermore, when a bag filter is used as a dust collector, the effect of collecting heavy metals can be significantly enhanced. Therefore, it can be installed at a low cost for processing relatively small volumes of bulky waste.
-11 = Extremely effective, especially for small municipalities, as maintenance costs are low.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a partially longitudinal side view showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
The figure is a partially cutaway side view showing another embodiment, FIG. 3 is a partially longitudinal front view of the same as the above, and FIGS.
) is a plan view showing the same effect as above. Jl...
...Incinerator, 2...Primary combustion chamber, 3...
・Secondary combustion chamber, 5...Transportation means, 16...
... Spray cooling device, 26 ... Alkaline powder supply device, 27 ... Dust collector.

Claims (1)

[Claims] The incinerator consists of a primary combustion chamber that can store unshredded bulky waste, and a secondary combustion chamber that reburns the combustion exhaust gas generated in the primary combustion chamber. A bulky waste incineration processing device characterized by incorporating a spray cooling device that injects water into exhaust gas, an alkali powder supply device, and a dust collector.