JPS63236502A - Multilayer hollow fiber coil, its production, heat transmitting method, mass exchange method, mass transfer method, substance separation method, dialytic method and oxygen adding method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention provides at least a portion of the hollow fibers having a coiled shape and/or a portion of the hollow fibers having a spiral shape. in the form of a hollow fiber mat in which the fibers are spaced from each other, each hollow fiber of adjacent overlapping hollow fiber layers intersects, and each hollow fiber is formed into at least two overlapping and then helically wound , the hollow fibers in each hollow fiber mat are held by a number of intercalated weft threads or the like, with the mutual spacing of the weft threads or the like in each hollow fiber mat being equal to The present invention relates to a multilayer hollow fiber wrap of the type in which the spacing is greater than the mutual spacing and each hollow fiber does not have a deflection tube, a method for producing the hollow fiber wrap and the use of the hollow fiber wrap.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Hollow fiber wraps made by winding hollow fibers into cross coils are known.

This method is extremely expensive and the hollow fiber wraps that can be produced by this method have only limited performance.

Furthermore, multilayer hollow fiber wraps made from woven or knitted fabrics wound helically from hollow fibers are also known. In this type of hollow fiber wrap, the hollow fibers may be bent at intersections. Moreover, manufacturing wI and knitted fabrics from hollow fibers is expensive.

From EP 0 093 677 a multilayer hollow 411 fiber winding body is known which can be produced by helically winding several layers of hollow fibers that overlap and intersect with each other. The individual hollow 411 fiber stacks of this winding are later arranged helically, but in this case the hollow fibers are not held together by a number of weft threads. As a result of the necessary lack of sufficient cross-linking, this known hollow fiber winding has problems with respect to convective heat or mass transfer in the outer space of the upper winding. Furthermore, practice shows that the original regular arrangement of the hollow L&fibers significantly interferes with subsequent processing. That is, the movement and contact of each hollow Ia fiber creates a gap within the hollow fiber roll, which forms a groove. Furthermore, the process described in this patent is extremely expensive and its feasibility for hollow fiber wraps is severely limited. Furthermore, in this known hollow fiber body, some of the hollow fibers have turning points (this occurs at the ends of the drum due to the reversal of the core swinging motion when the hollow fibers are wound around the polygonal drum). As a result, the hollow fibers have the possibility of being damaged at the point of change of direction, ie they become no longer airtight or break.

DE 23 00 312 A1 discloses that a number of layers of hollow fibers are arranged one above the other on a core, with hollow ljl!s adjoining one another in each individual layer. Hollow fiber wraps are known in which the I actually run parallel to one another, while the adjacent hollow fibers of adjacent hollow fiber stacks that overlap one another intersect each other at a certain angle. In this case, the winding body is constructed not by winding the surface structure of the hollow m-fibers in a spiral shape, but by winding up the hollow fibers in many layers also in front of the core. This method of manufacturing hollow fiber wraps is extremely expensive and produces a large amount of waste. This is because the hollow fiber pieces wound up in front of the core must be discarded. Furthermore, the lack of weft threads or the like not only results in insufficient cross-linking in the outer space of the upper winding, but also results in a highly disordered configuration of the hollow fiber winding. This is because the hollow fibers, which are generally very smooth, change their position already during the production of the hollow fiber wrap, so that a significantly large number of hollow fibers or hollow fiber pieces come into contact with each other, and while this forms a heat transfer Otherwise, it will cover most of the surface available for material transfer.

From East German Patent No. 2 339 946 Hollow IJ & Fibrous Membrane Device Manufactured by Advantageously Stitching Sheets of Parallel Hollow Fibres, Winding the Sheets into Fiber Bundles and Constructing Joints In this case, the fiber bundle is wound up from at least two sheets, but the hollow fibers of adjacent sheets are arranged at an angle of 10 to 80° to each other (this means that the sheet is pulled diagonally from its edge). )
In this case, the lateral spacing of the seams is relatively large, so that also in the case of this known hollow fiber membrane device, adjacent hollow fibers come into contact with each other after the sheet has been rolled up into a fiber bundle, thereby creating grooves in the membrane surface. As a result, heat transfer and/or mass transfer is degraded as a result of this being covered.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention provides that the hollow fibers are spaced apart from one another over their entire length, thereby providing improved convective heat and/or enhanced heat transfer and/or mass transfer. A multilayer hollow fiber spring book of the first-mentioned type, in which transmission and/or mass transfer is guaranteed, a greater number of combinations and embodiments with respect to the arrangement of the hollow fibers are possible, and which can be easily manufactured. The fundamental issue is to obtain

Means for Solving the Problem This object is achieved by a hollow fiber wrap according to the characterizing part of claim 1.

By the way, the contact of adjacent hollow fibers only occurs if the ratio of the mutual spacing of adjacent weft yarns in each hollow fiber mat to the mutual spacing of adjacent hollow fibers in each hollow fiber mat is within the range according to the invention. is reliably blocked, with the adjacent weft thread and the adjacent hollow W! It has been found that the intermediate gap between the male and female is sufficiently large to ensure good flow through the hollow fiber wrap with sufficiently low pressure losses. It is known that hollow fibers wound into reels before being processed into hollow fiber mats have the potential to become wavy. Hollow fibers of this type have a strong tendency to come into contact with each other if they are processed into a hollow 1a fiber mat and the lateral spacing of the weft yarns is chosen to be very large. This condition has not received attention in the past. This is because, in the known hollow fiber mats or hollow fiber wraps made from these mats, the clear distance between the weft threads has been chosen to be very large.

In the present invention, the mutual spacing between adjacent hollow fibers in each hollow m-fiber mat means the spacing within the range in which the wefts are directly related. In other words, this phase! The i-spacing is actually fixed by the weft in this range.

The mutual spacing of adjacent weft threads or adjacent hollow fibers need not be the same within the hollow fiber mat, as long as each spacing ratio is within the scope of the present invention. Also, the mutual spacing of adjacent weft threads or hollow fibers of the different hollow fiber mats forming the hollow wire H1 winding does not have to be the same, ie not coincident with one another.

In order to confirm the spacing ratio, the lateral spacing of adjacent weft yarns and adjacent hollow fibers are measured on the same cutting plane of the hollow fiber mat.The weft yarns and hollow fibers used to measure the zero spacing ratio are The fibers are rectangular or parallelogram-shaped, and the lateral spacing of the wefts or hollow fibers corresponds to the spacing of the corresponding sides of the rectangle or quadrilateral they form.

The hollow fiber wrap according to the invention is suitable for processing liquid, vapor and gaseous media.

The hollow fiber wrap according to the invention may have a cross section filled with hollow fibers or an annular cross section with flow grooves in the central axis or an annular structured cross section with a core filling the hollow space of the central axis. In this case, it may be a solid core, in which the hollow space of the central shaft is completely filled, but it may also be a tubular core, which forms a flow groove in the central shaft. The hollow fiber winding may be constructed flat in its cross section; a flat hollow fiber winding of this kind is, for example, a hollow fiber winding on a flat, plate-shaped core. It is obtained by winding up. In this case, the cross-section of the core preferably has a rectangular shape with rounded corners, an arc or a semicircle with rounded edges, a lens shape, an oval shape or a sickle shape with rounded edges. This type of core shape provides a space-saving hollow fiber wrap or a hollow fiber wrap that is better adapted to the patient's body surface, for example. If the core (which may have one of the above-mentioned cross-sectional shapes) is of tubular construction, the walls of the core (which may have one of the above-mentioned cross-sectional shapes) are of tubular construction.
The jacket) may, for example, have perforations that allow the hollow fiber winding to flow through it in the radial direction.

In the present invention, the term "coiled" refers to a thread shape that is inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the fiber wrap, or a thread wire shape that has a large inclination angle. As a result, the length of the hollow fibers thus constructed is actually no longer than the length of the hollow fiber wrap.

By helical is meant according to the invention the shape of a spiral curve arranged in a plane practically perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the fiber wrap. As a result, depending on the number of hollow fiber layers and hollow fiber stacks and depending on the length of the hollow fiber wrap, the helically arranged hollow fibers can have a length that differs significantly from the length of the hollow fiber wrap. can.

The hollow fiber layer and hollow fiber mat are defined by the following facts. In other words, a hollow fiber mat is a flat, inserted arrangement of hollow fibers, in which case the hollow fibers are held by thread-like, tape-like, or similarly constructed materials running transversely to the hollow fibers. . The term "hollow fiber layer" refers to a component of the fiber mat that is wound up in one revolution during the production of the hollow fiber wrap. Thus, for example, if two hollow fiber mats are wound onto one core, if this is rotated 10 times, a total of 10.times.2, or 20 hollow fiber layers, will be obtained.

Hollow fiber laminate refers to an entire rolled up hollow fiber mat.

Hollow I! Although within a fiber laminate or hollow fiber mat the hollow fibers do not necessarily have to be arranged parallel to each other, this is generally the most advantageous embodiment in which the hollow #I & weft threads or similar holding the fibers at mutual spacing are e.g. woven. Depending on the direction or knitting method, they can be inserted, for example, as so-called warp or weft threads. In order to improve the convective heat- or mass transfer, the hollow fibers and/or weft threads are preferably structured and/or shaped. When using multifilament threads, e.g. patterned. The weft threads should advantageously be placed relatively loosely around the hollow fibers, thereby preventing the hollow fibers from being bound or pinched at a fixed angle by the weft threads.

The hollow fibers of adjacent successive layers of the hollow fiber wrap can also be constructed uniformly in a coil, but in this case having different lengths provided that they intersect. Generally, however, the hollow fibers of adjacent successive layers are coiled in opposite directions, or alternately coiled and helical, or alternately coiled and straight (axis-parallel), or alternately helical and straight. (parallel to the axis). Furthermore, three or more layers of differently configured hollow fibers can be arranged alternately, that is to say in overlapping layers, thus e.g.
Consisting of two layers of hollow fibers configured in a spiral and linear configuration, or two layers of hollow fibers configured in coils in opposite directions and one layer of hollow fibers configured in a spiral or linear configuration. In each case only hollow fibers that do not belong to the same hollow fiber stack intersect.

The hollow fiber wrap may have hollow fibers suitable for heat transfer and/or hollow fibers suitable for mass transfer, mass exchange and/or material separation, and may differ with respect to its properties and/or dimensions and/or shape. It is also possible to arrange the hollow fibers together in one hollow fiber wrap, so that, for example, heat transfer from medium A to medium can be carried out by means of hollow fibers suitable for this, and likewise from medium B to medium Material transfer to C and/or vice versa can be carried out using hollow fibers suitable for this. Microporous hollow fibers can also be used for mass transfer. In this case, the pores of the hollow fibers can be filled with a suitable substance, and it is also possible to fill the interior of the hollow fibers, that is, the cavities.

Hollow roll! The a-fibers may differ with respect to their mass transfer properties and thus, for example, have different selectivities or semi-permeabilities for various substances, may be hydrophilic or hydrophobic, porous or non-porous. Differences in shape include, for example, the outer shape of some hollow fibers, and therefore the outline of the hollow fiber when viewed in cross section, is actually circular or annular, and the outer shape of the hollow fiber portions is actually circular or annular when viewed in cross section. The points are triangular, quadrilateral, trefoil-shaped, quatrefoil-shaped, etc.

The hollow fibers can also have different hollow cross-sectional shapes and/or wall thicknesses, which may also be used with regard to the diameter of the hollow fibers and the length of the hollow fibers.

Hollow fiber wraps can therefore be used, for example, in filters, oxygenators, hemofilters, plasma splitters, TV filters, cross flow microfilters (formerly known as krofilts).
, er), gas portion M3, I15! Steamer F7, bioreactor, adsorber, absorber, desorber, dialyzer, exchange tower, packing for packed tower, control-stripping equipment (Con-t, rolled
-Release-Einricht, ung),
It is suitable for producing devices etc. for gradual (controlled) release of active substances, sympathizers, etc. For this purpose, the hollow N1 fiber winding is provided with suitable connections with the necessary connections for supplying and discharging the medium serving for heat transfer and/or mass transfer, as is known for the known hollow fiber windings of the state of the art. It can be loaded into the casing.

The ends of the hollow fibers of the hollow w1 fiber wrap according to the invention may be embedded in a curable sealing compound, as is customary for hollow 4a fiber wraps and hollow fiber bundles known from the state of the art. Or it can be charged. By removing a sufficient length of the cured sealing compound,
The free ends of the hollow fibers can be present in the section of the removed so-called tube sheet. The hollow fiber wrap thus constructed can then be loaded into a gauging device having a 7-kyo wood connection, as in a filter paper. However, the filling of the hollow fiber ends can only take place after the hollow fiber winding has been inserted into the housing with the fluid connection. Therefore, the sealing compound itself is not suitable for gauging /l! Acts as a dense seal. These are known from the state of the art and therefore require no further explanation.

When the hollow fibers are flowed around the hollow 1a fibers of wood in their longitudinal direction, the fluid is often supplied generally radially at one end of the hollow fiber wrap and again radially at the other end, generally on the corresponding side. be discharged. Therefore, in order to prevent the formation of grooves in the hollow fiber wrap, it is important to uniformly bias all the hollow fibers in the media supply section.

To achieve this objective, it is advantageous to arrange the hollow fibers of the hollow fiber wrap in groups in the medium supply, in particular in at least one hollow fiber stack, in which case the hollow fibers in one group The mutual spacing of is smaller than the spacing between outer fibers of adjacent fiber groups. However, it is preferred to flow around each hollow fiber transversely, and generally at right angles, to its longitudinal axis.

Hollow lj & fiber bodies with hollow fibers e.g. gas separation,
Plasma collection, hemo a! When used for filtration, dead-end filtration, liquid degassing and similar purposes, the hollow fibers of at least one hollow fiber stack may be closed at one end of the fiber stack.

A fluid permeable, more or less rigid or elastic surface texture material is provided between at least six portions of each hollow fiber layer of the hollow fiber wrap to regulate fluid flow around the hollow fibers of the hollow fiber wrap. can be placed. This can additionally be configured in such a way that substances contained in the fluid flowing around the hollow fibers are removed from the fluid by absorption or adsorption, for example fibers made of activated carbon or the like are suitable. There is.

In order to produce a multilayer hollow fiber wrap, according to the invention, the hollow fibers are spaced apart from each other in each hollow fiber mat and held by a number of inserted weft threads or the like, so that each hollow fiber mat is in which the mutual spacing of weft threads or the like is greater than the mutual spacing of hollow fibers, and the ratio of the mutual spacing of adjacent weft yarns in each hollow fiber mat to the mutual spacing of adjacent hollow fibers in each hollow fiber mat is 2. ~40,
In addition, at least two hollow fiber mats of a type in which the hollow fibers do not have a direction change point, which are placed one on top of the other, are wound up spirally around one rotating shaft, and at this time, the hollow fibers of the adjacent hollow fiber mats are at the latest just before winding.

It is also possible to use different hollow fibers to produce the hollow fiber wrap, in which case it is also possible to arrange different hollow fibers in at least one hollow fiber mat. Different means different in size, shape, active substance, properties, function, etc., as detailed above.

It is also possible to roll up at least one permeable surface texture with the hollow fiber mat, for example fleece, woven fabric, knitted fabric, foam, etc. ! - It is also possible to wind up many potentially different surface textures and hollow fiber layers identically, thereby creating fluid permeability between each hollow fiber layer within the finished hollow fiber wrap. A surface set of lil&layers is arranged. It may possess adsorption or absorption properties as described above.

Hollow fiber mats can be produced on a weaving or knitting machine, in which case the weft threads holding the hollow fibers at mutual spacing can be inserted as warp threads or as weft threads. Of course, it is also possible to use other materials, for example in the form of strips or tapes, for holding the hollow fibers. It can likewise be arranged like the warp or weft in a woven or knitted fabric or on one side, ie only on one piece of hollow fiber material. Furthermore, it can also act as a spacing between adjacent hollow fiber layers.

However, in this case, the use of weft yarns is due to the fact that the scaffolding between the inserted weft yarns and the hollow fibers is figuratively loose, i.e. the angle is not fixed, and as a result the mutual angle between the hollow fibers and the inserted fS structure yarns. This is advantageous because the position and therefore the angle of intersection between the two can be easily changed. Starting from a hollow fiber mat, this produces a hollow fiber wrap with great advantage,
It also allows for many implementations thereof. In this case, the hollow fibers and the inserted weft threads actually intersect at right angles, the longitudinal axis of each hollow fiber initially being actually at right angles to the feed direction of the hollow fiber mat before winding and to the axis of rotation of the hollow fiber wrap. They are arranged parallel to each other, as will be explained in more detail below.

In the hollow fiber mat, the solid fibers and the hollow fibers may be arranged at regular intervals with respect to each other, or, if advantageous in the manufacture or use of the hollow fiber mat or hollow fiber wrap, at irregular intervals. However, some of the solid fibers may only fulfill a purely mechanical function, which gives, for example, greater dimensional stability to the hollow fiber wrap.

In order to produce hollow fiber wraps, we start from a hollow fiber mat with hollow m fibers arranged parallel to each other in a particularly immersed manner, as each lamination with hollow fibers that can be configured in a coiled manner. In this case, the longitudinal axis of each medium fiber is oriented practically at right angles to the feeding direction of the hollow fiber mat before winding. If one side of the hollow fiber mat is guided with a longer travel path than the pond side of the hollow fiber mat, the hollow fiber ends on one side of the hollow fiber mat will be longer than the fiber ends on the other 1m side of the hollow fiber mat. lag, so that the hollow fiber is brought into an inclined position with respect to its starting position. i.e. forming an angle greater than or less than 90" with respect to the feed direction. If the hollow fibers are thus in an inclined position relative to the axis of rotation of the hollow fiber wrap just before winding,
If this therefore forms a certain angle with the axis of rotation, the hollow fibers will inevitably become coiled during the winding of the hollow fibers, for example onto a core or into a hollow fiber wrap that is being formed. r! A, i Each of the hollow fiber mats of the tobacco is fed in a plane parallel to the axis of rotation of the hollow fiber wrap before winding, in which case the direction of movement is parallel or inclined to the axis of rotation of the hollow fiber wrap. However, in order to move the hollow fiber mat more perpendicularly to the axis of rotation of the hollow fiber wrap, it is necessary to change the direction of the hollow fiber mat. The reorientation of the hollow fiber mat before winding is carried out in the same plane so that the hollow fiber ends on one side of the hollow fiber mat describe an arc having a larger radius than the hollow fiber ends on the other side of the hollow fiber mat. The hollow fibers are placed in an inclined position with respect to the axis of rotation of the hollow fiber wrap by delaying the ends of the hollow fibers that have a larger or longer arc than the ends of the hollow fibers that have a smaller or shorter arc. brought to you.

Another particularly advantageous wrapping method is to first combine hollow fiber mats, defined for hollow fibers that can be configured in a coil, with hollow fibers parallel to each other and also to the axis of rotation of the hollow fiber wrap. It consists of moving them together at right angles to the longitudinal axis and therefore at right angles to and parallel to the axis of rotation of the hollow fiber wrap towards the axis of rotation.

If one side of the hollow fiber mat is deflected, for example via a deflection roller, just before winding, so that it is actually at right angles to the plane in which the hollow fiber mat itself moves, the hollow fiber ends guided through the deflection roller The travel path of the hollow fiber ends on the pond side of the hollow fiber mat, which does not deviate from this plane of travel, is greater than the travel path of the hollow fiber ends on the pond side. The hollow fibers are also delayed, with the result that the hollow fibers are arranged at an angle to the axis of rotation of the hollow fiber wrap, ie, in a position that is not parallel.

In the case of hollow fiber mats with hollow fibers that are not parallel to each other, each hollow fiber after winding in the hollow m11 roll has different shapes, i.e. coils in the same direction but with different strengths, in the same direction and / or can be configured in a coiled manner in different directions and in a straight line (axis-parallel) or in a coiled manner in different directions.

The hollow fibers preferably consist of melt-spun polymers or regenerated cellulose, and if they are used in the medical field, they advantageously consist of bio+4c-compatible active substances.

The tubular fibers or similar or solid systems likewise consist of polymers or regenerated cellulose, but may also consist, for example, in whole or in part of activated carbon. The surface of the hollow fiber, braided fiber, or solid fiber may be coated with an adsorbent.

Example Next, the present invention will be explained in detail based on the drawings.

Figure 1 shows multilayer hollow W! FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of the fiber wrapper. In this case, the hollow fiber wrap consists entirely of two spirally wound hollow fiber mats 1a and tb,
The hollow fiber wrap can have any number of hollow fiber layers, as indicated by lines 1'a and 1°b. Hollow fibers titb are shown as black dots to clearly show the structure of the hollow fiber wrap. The hollow fibers 1a and tb are arranged at a distance from each other in the layer to which they belong and are held by inserted tubular yarns (not shown).

The hollow fibers 1a and/or tb are configured in a coil shape. However, the hollow fibers 1a or Ib can also be constructed straight or parallel to the axis. In either case, the hollow fibers 1a intersect with the hollow fibers 1b.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 of the hollow fiber wrapper, the hollow fiber La
is configured in a coil shape, but the hollow fibers 1b are configured in a straight line and are arranged parallel to the axis. Hollow fiber 1
a forms an angle α with the longitudinal axis of the hollow #n fiber-wrapped wood.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 of the hollow fiber wrapper, the hollow fibers 1a
Both of the hollow fibers 1b are coiled, but they are coiled in opposite directions. The hollow fibers 1a form an angle α with the longitudinal axis of the hollow fiber wrap, which in the case of the present invention is greater than O°, while the hollow fibers mtb form an angle αゎ with the longitudinal axis of the hollow fiber wrap. , and this angle is smaller than O, but when considered as an absolute value, may be as large as the angle α1.

In the embodiment of the hollow fiber wrap shown in FIG.
The hollow fibers 1b are arranged in a coil shape and the hollow fibers 1b are arranged in a spiral shape. The I'il structure of the hollow fiber winding of this example and the shape of the hollow fibers 1a and 1b are clear from FIG. 5, which shows the hollow fiber winding according to FIG. 4 in cross section. As further indicated by arrows A, B and C in FIG. 5, the hollow fiber wrapper thus formed can be used for the simultaneous mass and/or heat exchange of three different media. . In this case medium A
The medium B is passed through the hollow fiber 1a configured in a coil shape.
The medium C passes through the spirally structured hollow fiber 1b.
flows around the hollow fibers 1a and lb, the direction of flow being actually transverse to the longitudinal axis of the hollow fiber wrap.

In the case of the hollow fiber wraps shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, the inserted weft threads or the like are designated by the reference numeral 2.

In the hollow fiber mat shown in Figure 6, there are three hollow lJ! Weft yarn 2 with fiber 1 inserted
Or similar items are organized into groups by unique arrangement.

The spacing between the hollow fibers 1 within each group is then smaller than the spacing between the respective outer hollow fibers of two adjacent hollow fiber groups IA. The gaps 3' between each hollow fiber group created by configuring the arrangement of the hollow fiber ends in this way are such that the medium flowing around the hollow fibers is in the hollow 11i.
Ensures good flow within the fiber wrapper. Another weft thread 2 or the like inserted in the center of the hollow fiber 1 is arranged in such a way that this holds the hollow fibers 1 at practically the same mutual spacing.

FIG. 7 shows a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method for producing hollow fiber wraps. The embodiment of this method is clear from the sectional views A-A and B-8, in which part of the ends of the hollow fiber #4 are a, b to m, and the other end of the hollow fiber 1 is They are indicated by a', b' to 0°. The respective positions of each hollow fiber end are also shown in plan view A-A and B.
This can also be seen in the -B cross-sectional view. Only one hollow fiber masoto is shown in the figure for m-time, but this is hollow! It is composed of Jl fibers 1 and inserted weft threads 2 or the like, which are wound helically to form a hollow fiber wrap 5, the hollow fibers 1 being arranged in a coil.

The hollow fibers 1 are kept at a distance from each other by inserted weft threads 2 or the like. Initially, the hollow fibers 1 are arranged parallel to the axis of rotation, ie the longitudinal axis, of the hollow fiber winding 5 and thus at right angles to the feed direction indicated by the arrow 7 of the hollow fiber mat. In this case, the hollow fiber mat is
．． 4 and 6 to the rotating shaft or hollow fiber wrap 5 at the same speed. The hollow fiber mat does not cause a problem of deflection in the process of actually moving from the hollow fiber end a to the hollow fiber winding 5 to the rotating shaft or the hollow fiber roll 5; Deflection roller 4 on the side with ゛~1
As a result, the hollow fiber ends a° to ■° move back 10 steps longer than the hollow fiber tiva parts a to
11 (-longitudinal axis). Furthermore, the seventh
As the figure shows, hollow N! The width of the hollow fiber mat is slightly shortened due to the inclined position of the I fibers 1. The method described above is based on the fact that the bond between the hollow fibers 1 and the inserted weft threads 2 or the like bends the hollow fibers at this point. This can be easily implemented if the angular position can be changed relative to each other, ie if the connection is not at a fixed angle.

This also applies to the method shown in FIG. As can be further seen from FIG. 7, the inclined position of the hollow fiber 1 is adjusted by the deflection roller 4 just before winding (ff:, t according to the Hinata standard).
can be changed to In other words, the more pronounced the r=direction, the more the hollow fiber ends a',
The delay of b' etc. is large, and the inclination position of the hollow side 1 becomes significant, that is, the angle that the hollow fiber 1 makes with the longitudinal axis (rotation axis) of the hollow fiber wrap 5 becomes large. Furthermore, FIG. 7 shows a hollow fiber (1) in mirror image relation with respect to the illustrated inclined position of the hollow fiber (1).
It is shown that the inclined position is obtained by arranging the direction changing roller 6 at a position corresponding to the illustrated position of the direction changing roller 4. As a result, the side surfaces of the hollow fiber mat where the hollow fiber ends a to m are present are deflected, but the side surfaces where the hollow fiber ends a to m are present are not deflected. Therefore, hollow fiber ends a-b ~ mold are hollow fiber ends ao, b° ~ 1
The progress will be delayed.

To produce a hollow fiber wrap having hollow fibers arranged in two helically wound hollow fiber mats and configured in coils in opposite directions, for example, the hollow fibers 1
are first arranged parallel to the rotation axis of the hollow fiber roll 5 as shown in FIG. Now, by oriented the sides having the hollow fiber ends a', b', etc., it is possible to start from two hollow fiber mats installed at inclined positions where the hollow fibers 1 run in opposite directions. However, in the illustrated example, both hollow fiber mats can also be deflected on the same side, but with different strengths. The hollow fibers of the hollow fiber mat that are more strongly deflected on their sides are thereby placed in a more strongly inclined position than the hollow fibers of the other hollow fiber mat, so that the hollow fibers of both hollow fiber mats overlap and intersect; The hollow fibers will be arranged in a coiled manner in the same direction within the winding.

Another embodiment of the method is implied in FIG. 8, in which hollow fibers 1 having hollow fibers 1 arranged in two helically arranged layers are coiled in opposite directions. The fiber wrap 5 is manufactured from two hollow fiber mats. Each hollow fiber mat consists of hollow fibers 1 and inserted weft threads 2 or the like. Each hollow fiber mat is fed in a plane parallel to the axis of rotation (longitudinal axis) of the hollow fiber wrap 5, but in this case the feeding direction indicated by arrow 7 is initially relative to the axis of rotation of the hollow fiber wrap 5. It is sloping. Immediately before winding up the hollow fiber mat, the direction of the mat is changed, and the hollow fiber mat is finally conveyed at right angles to the axis of rotation of the hollow fiber wrapper 5. The reorientation of the hollow fiber mats is such that in each plane, the hollow fiber ends on one side of each hollow fiber mat trace a larger, and therefore longer, arc than the hollow fiber ends on the other side of the hollow fiber mat. The outer end, that is, the hollow fiber end that draws a long arc, lags behind the inner end, that is, the hollow fiber end that draws a short arc, so that the hollow fiber takes a position inclined with respect to the rotation axis of the hollow fiber winding 5, Hollow kI on the other hand! The inclined position of the hollow fibers of the fiber mat is opposite to that of the hollow fibers of the other hollow fiber mat. In the case of the embodiment of this method, the inclination position of the hollow fibers can also be changed depending on the strength of the direction change of the hollow fiber mat, and furthermore, the hollow fibers having the hollow fibers that intersect but are coiled in the same direction. It is also possible to produce fiber wraps.

FIG. 9 shows hollow fiber mats A-F which can be combined in any number, but at least two or more, and which can be helically wound to produce a hollow fiber wrap according to the invention.
Various examples are shown. The illustrated hollow fiber mats A-F can be manufactured by the methods described above, but also by methods belonging to the state of the art. There is therefore no need to elaborate here on the methods known per se for producing hollow fiber mats. The axis of rotation of the hollow fiber wrap is arranged vertically as shown on the left edge of the drawing, i.e. the hollow fiber mat is aligned horizontally from right to left in the drawing with the axis of rotation (longitudinal axis) shown in the drawing. Sent. Each hollow fiber mat A-E consists of hollow fibers 1 and inserted weft threads 2 or the like, which form the respective stated angles to each other. By winding up hollow fibers A and B (simultaneously), hollow fibers configured in a coiled manner (in opposite directions) are obtained. By winding up the hollow fiber mat C, hollow fibers are obtained which are configured linearly and are actually parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hollow fiber wrap. Winding up the hollow fiber mats D to F results in helically arranged hollow fibers arranged in a plane practically perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the hollow fiber winding. Hollow fiber mats D and E are hollow KA fiber mats in which the hollow fibers 1 are opened at one end. The closed ends of the hollow fibers 1 can be arranged on the outer periphery of the hollow fiber wrap or inside it.

Example G in FIG. 9 is obtained when hollow fibers A (hollow fibers la) and hollow fibers B (hollow fibers 1b) are combined. As will be explained below, a large number of combinations are possible within the framework of the invention, unless care is taken that two adjacent hollow fiber mats or hollow fiber stacks are arranged so as to overlap and intersect each other. No. Therefore, the winding treatment of the hollow fibers D and E or F with the illustrated arrangement of the hollow fibers 1 does not form part of the present invention.

The combinations exemplarily listed below are m examples, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

Possible combinations of hollow fibers shown in Figure 9: AI-B or C or D or E or F A+B+C or D or E or F A+B+A+-B (in some cases upper A+-B etc.)A
I-B+CI-A-1-B+C (+AmoB+C, etc. in some cases) B+C or D or E or F COD or E or F c+o+-c+g (+C+D+-C+E in some cases)
etc).

The advantage of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 of the method for producing hollow fiber wraps is, in particular, that the hollow fiber mat can be processed into hollow fiber wraps, for example on a loom or knitting machine, immediately after its production. In this case, the hollow fibers of the hollow fiber winding can be changed quickly and simply without interrupting the process.

FIG. 10 shows an arrangement in which a hollow fiber wrap is placed in a casing 8 with fluid connections 9 and IO.

The hollow fiber wrap has hollow fibers 1a and 1b whose ends are embedded in a sealing compound block lla or llb, with the hollow fibers 1a and 1b being embedded in a sealing compound block lla or llb.
a;llb is connected to the gauging 8 in a fluid-tight manner. Furthermore, the hollow fiber wrap has an inserted weft thread 2 or the like. Hollow fibers 1a; lb are porous. That is, the jacket (wall) of the hollow m-fiber 1a; lb has an opening that penetrates internally and externally, so that only certain fluids, or only certain fluids, can penetrate this opening.

Both ends of the hollow fiber 1a;Lb are hollow W! The sealing is carried out in such a way that the fiber 1a ends at the cut surface 12a of the sealing compound block lla and is thus connected to the chamber 13, and the other end is embedded in the sealing compound block llb and is thus closed. Stopping compound block 10a;ll
It is embedded in b. The hollow wire l4Itb is constructed in exactly the opposite way. That is, the hollow fiber 1b ends at the cut surface 12b of the sealing compound block ttb and is thus connected to the chamber 14, and its other end is embedded in the sealing compound block Lla and is thus closed. As a result, this device can be used for filtration in the form of a two-stage dead-end filter (cascade filter) or for other modes of material separation. Depending on this purpose, the pores of the hollow fibers 1a may have a different size from the pores of the hollow fibers tb. However, material separation is also possible with hollow fiber membranes which are characterized by non-porosity (so-called tight).

For example, when driftwood is passed through the hollow fiber la through the fluid connection port 9, the liquid from which all or part of a certain substance has been removed, the so-called filtrate or permeate, passes through the jacket (wall surface) of the hollow fiber 1a and exits the capillary. Hollow fiber 1 is inserted into space 15 and from there.
It flows through the jug soto (wall) of b. From there, the driftwood that has been filtered twice at this point is transferred to chamber 14 and fluid connection port 1.
0 from the device again. In this case, further material separation takes place when passing through the walls of the hollow fibers 1b.

The hollow fiber wrap shown in FIG. 1O is, for example, a hollow fiber ff1
The hollow m-fiber mat with la and the hollow fiber mat with hollow fibers 1b are rolled up on one another with side offsets, so that the ends of the hollow fibers 1a are on one side of the hollow fiber wrap and the ends of the hollow fibers 1b are on one side of the hollow fiber wrap. This is obtained by protruding the other side of the hollow fiber wrap. After embedding the hollow fiber ends in a curable sealing compound, for example, after curing of the sealing compound only the hollow fibers 1a are exposed on one side and only the hollow wires mtb on the other side, so that Both sealing compound blocks are removed by tJE so as to connect to the cut surface L2a or 12b.

In the embodiment of the hollow fiber wrap shown in FIG.
The hollow fibers a are formed in a coil shape, and the hollow fibers tb are formed in a coil shape in the opposite direction. As is clear from the foregoing, this is only one possible embodiment of the hollow fibers for the hollow fiber wrap embodiments described here.

In another advantageous embodiment, the hollow fiber wrap according to FIG. It may also contain solid or hollow fibers that cause physical changes or the like, i.e. plasma separation can also be carried out in the extracapillary space by means of porous hollow fibers 1a. In this case, the tm fiber made from l+7 is then made into a porous hollow fiber 1b.
can be taken further through. The fibers which cause the reaction to take place in the extracapillary space with the fluid may, for example, be hollow fibers that are closed at both ends by a block of sealing compound and filled with a suitable substance.

FIG. 11 shows adjacent hollow fibers 1 in each hollow fiber mat relative to the mutual spacing of adjacent weft threads 2 in each hollow fiber mat.
is shown to illustrate the method of measuring and determining the proportions of the mutual spacing according to the invention. The mutual spacing between adjacent weft yarns 2 is indicated by ``,'' and the mutual spacing between adjacent hollow #a fibers 1 is indicated by al. Each adjacent interval has an index Jul or 1st magnitude to J1w or +. The mutual spacing of the weft threads 2 or hollow wires v11 does not have to be the same, i.e., does not have to be equal to J+1, etc., and at does not have to be equal to al
It does not have to be equal to +1, but we refer to each pair of intervals to determine the interval ratio. That is, this is used as a reference for calculating the distance kJ+1 between the weft threads 2 and the mutual distance a, □ of the hollow fibers 1 within the range of the weft threads 2 at this location.

In the case of the arrangement shown in the first drawing, the weft thread 2 and the hollow fiber 1 are placed at the position of the shortest mutual spacing, with the short side al+4 and the long side kJ+
1 rectangle is formed. In this case, the spacing ratio corresponds to the ratio of the length measurements of the respective rectangles formed by the weft threads 2 and the hollow fibers 1. The spacing range can be configured in various ways depending on the shape, waveform, crimp, etc. of the hollow fiber 1, and this is possible with ms experiments.If configured accurately within the range according to the present invention,
Regular hollow fibers suitable for heat transfer and/or mass transfer,
It is reliably prevented that the hollow fibers come into contact with each other.

Processing of the hollow fiber wrap into useful units, in which the hollow fiber ends are embedded in a block of sealing compound, is facilitated by closing the open ends of the hollow fibers already during winding of the hollow fiber mat. be able to. This can be done, for example, by welding, gluing, and especially crushing.

The closing of the hollow i1 male ends is carried out in the last described manner by rolling up the hollow fiber ends of the hollow fiber mat and passing them through a crushing roller. This roller presses the ends of the hollow fibers together with such force that a jacket of the hollow fibers is formed or welded in this area, thereby closing the ends of the hollow fibers. The hollow fiber ends can also be closed (tightened) in this area by bonding with specially inserted warp threads or the like.

This prevents the sealing compound from penetrating into the hollow fiber interior (cavity) during embedding or charging of the hollow fiber ends in a hardening sealing compound such as polyurethane, silicone or the like, while The loading of the sealing compound between the hollow fibers, ie into the extracapillary space, is facilitated. Furthermore, the closure of the hollow fiber ends, for example with wax, which is normally required before embedding or loading the hollow fiber ends into a sealing compound, can be dispensed with.

The winding of the hollow fiber mat can be carried out, as already described, on the core remaining within the hollow fiber wrap. However, it is also possible to use a core which is removed again after the hollow fiber mat has been wound to form a hollow fiber wrap.

When using a hollow fiber mat whose hollow fibers form a certain angle with the rotation axis of the hollow fiber roll, cut the starting end and/or the terminal end of the hollow fiber mat parallel to the rotation axis,
The repellent open hollow fibers can then or simultaneously be closed, for example by so-called welding, in which case the cutting and closing of the hollow fiber ends takes place in one working step; /or the ends are parallel to the winding axis and are not arranged in a jittery manner, which is useful for the manipulation of hollow fiber mats, both when winding into hollow fiber wraps and when unwinding from hollow fiber wraps. A set-up process, which is very advantageous and whose operation is simplified, is carried out, for example, when producing several smaller hollow fiber windings or other hollow fiber moldings from a larger hollow fiber winding.

Other materials for holding the weft threads or hollow fibers at a distance from each other can be obtained both by adhesive tapes and, in particular, by polyurethane casting threads.

This is produced, for example, by applying polyurethane in fluid state onto and optionally between the hollow fibers and then curing. This process can also be performed immediately before winding.

This is particularly advantageous if the core of the hollow fiber winding uses the same processing materials as for the potting compound, for example polyurethane, flexible PVC and the like. This facilitates face-cutting or otherwise cutting away a portion of the sealing compound to expose and release the hollow fiber ends.

The hollow fibers of the hollow fiber wrap can also be configured in a U-shape, in which case the hollow fiber ends need only be embedded on one side. -Can be used as an end filter.

However, it is also possible to adjoin each end of the hollow fiber in a separate chamber, so that the hollow fiber can flow from one end of the hollow fiber to the other.

If hollow fibers are used, as already mentioned, they can be used in addition to or instead of individual hollow fibers and can also be mixed into hollow fiber mats.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the hollow fiber wrap;
Figures 3 and 4 are longitudinal cross-sectional views showing examples of hollow fiber wraps, Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the hollow fiber wrap according to Figure 4, and Figure 6 is a special arrangement of hollow fibers. FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view showing an excellent embodiment of the method for producing a hollow fiber wrap, and FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view showing another embodiment of the method for producing a hollow fiber wrap. A plan view, FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the shape of a hollow fiber mat suitable for manufacturing a hollow fiber wrap, and FIG.
The figures show a device with a hollow fiber wrap in one embodiment, and FIG. 11 shows a construction within the scope of the invention. 1, la, lb...hollow fiber 2...weft 5...
・Hollow fiber wrap 8...-Casing 9.10...
Fluid connection port 11a, llb...Sealed! Compound block for E. Guan 5

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. At least a portion of the hollow fibers is configured in a coil shape and/or a portion of the hollow fibers are configured in a spiral shape, and the hollow fibers in each hollow fiber layer are arranged at intervals from each other. has been
Each hollow fiber of adjacent overlapping hollow fiber layers intersects and each hollow fiber is arranged in the form of at least two overlapping and then helically wound hollow fiber mats, and each hollow fiber in each hollow fiber mat is The hollow fibers are held together by a number of inserted weft threads or the like, with the mutual spacing of the weft threads or the like within each hollow fiber mat being greater than the mutual spacing of the hollow fibers, and each hollow fiber having a direction change point. A multi-layer hollow fiber wrap having no fibers, characterized in that the ratio of the mutual spacing of adjacent weft yarns in each hollow fiber mat to the mutual spacing of adjacent hollow fibers in each hollow fiber mat is from 2 to 40. A multilayer hollow fiber roll. 2. The hollow fiber wrap according to claim 1, wherein all the hollow fibers are configured in a coil shape. 3. The hollow fibers of at least one hollow fiber mat are configured in a coiled manner in an opposite direction to other hollow fibers;
The hollow fiber wrapper according to claim 1 or 2. 4. The hollow fiber wrap according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the hollow fibers and/or weft threads are wefted and/or molded. 5. The hollow fibers of at least one hollow fiber mat are arranged as a group, and the spacing between the hollow fibers within one group is greater than the spacing between the outer hollow fibers of adjacent hollow fiber groups, at least within a selected range. 5. The hollow fiber wrap according to claim 1, wherein the hollow fiber wrapper is also small. 6. The hollow fiber wrap according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein solid fibers are arranged in place of some of the hollow fibers. 7. Any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the hollow fibers of different hollow fiber mats have different properties and/or functions.
Hollow fiber wrap as described in Section 1. 8. The hollow fibers of different hollow fiber mats are
8. The hollow fiber wrap according to claim 1, wherein the hollow fiber wrap has different dimensions with respect to its circumference and/or wall thickness and/or length. 9. Hollow fiber wrap according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the hollow fibers of different hollow fiber mats have different cross-sectional shapes. 10. Hollow fiber wrap according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the hollow fibers of at least one hollow fiber mat are sealed at at least one end of the hollow fiber mat. 11. The hollow fiber wrap according to claim 1, wherein a fluid permeable surface texture is arranged between at least a portion of each hollow fiber layer. 12. A method for producing a multilayer hollow fiber wrap according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the hollow fibers are spaced apart from each other in each hollow fiber mat and a number of inserted weft threads or the mutual spacing of the wefts or the like within each hollow fiber mat is greater than the mutual spacing of the hollow fibers, and the mutual spacing of adjacent weft threads within each hollow fiber mat and the adjacent At least two hollow fiber mats arranged one on top of the other, having a ratio of 2 to 40 between the hollow fibers and the mutual spacing of the hollow fibers, and in which the hollow fibers do not have a direction change point, are arranged around one rotation axis. 1. A process for producing a multilayer hollow fiber wrap, characterized in that the hollow fibers of adjacent hollow fiber mats are placed in a cross arrangement at the latest immediately before winding. 13. The hollow fiber is actually at 90° with the rotation axis of the hollow fiber wrapper.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein at least one hollow fiber mat forming an angle of . 14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein a hollow fiber mat with different hollow fibers is used. 15. Using at least one hollow fiber mat whose longitudinal axis of the hollow fibers is initially arranged practically at right angles to the feeding direction of the hollow fiber mat and parallel to the axis of rotation of the hollow fiber wrap; One side of the at least one hollow fiber mat is guided before winding into a longer travel path than the other side of the at least one hollow fiber mat, so that the hollow fibers of the at least one hollow fiber mat are exposed to the hollow fibers during winding. 15. A method as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 14, forming an angle with the axis of rotation of the body. 16. A method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that at least one fluid-permeable surface structure is rolled up together with the hollow fiber mat. 17. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein at least one hollow fiber mat is used in which the hollow fibers and/or weft threads are structured and/or molded. 18. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein at least one hollow fiber mat is used, in which solid fibers are arranged in place of a portion of the hollow fibers. 19. A hollow fiber mat in which the hollow fibers are arranged in groups, and the spacing between the hollow fibers within one group is smaller than the spacing between the outer hollow fibers of adjacent hollow fiber groups, at least within a selected range. at least 1
19. The method according to claim 12, wherein the method uses: 20. Use of at least one hollow fiber mat in which the hollow fibers are sealed at least at one end thereof.
19. The method according to any one of 19 to 19. 21. A heat transfer method using the hollow fiber wrapper according to any one of claims 6 to 11. 22. A mass exchange method using the hollow fiber wrapper according to any one of claims 6 to 11. 23. A material transfer method using the hollow fiber wrapper according to any one of claims 6 to 11. 24. A material separation method using the hollow fiber wrapper according to any one of claims 6 to 11. 25. A dialysis method using the hollow fiber wrapper according to any one of claims 6 to 11. 26. An oxygenation method using the hollow fiber wrapper according to any one of claims 6 to 11.